___________________________________________________________________________ Vol. 56 2005 No 4 ___________________________________________________________________________

CONTENTS K. Góralczyk, P. Struciński . , A. Hernik, K. Czaja, W. Korcz,

J .K. Ludwicki : Monitoring and official control of pesticide residues in foodstuffs in Poland in 2004 ........................................................................................ 307

A. Ciemniak: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in herbs and fruits tea ............... 317 L. Czerwiecki, G. Wilczyńska: Determination of ochratoxin A in spices ................... 323 K. Janda, K.Ulf ig : A study on the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi

in dried medicinal plants .............................................................................................. 331

A. Frankiewicz-Jóźko, I .P. Grudziński : Effects of nitric oxide syntase inhibitor on exercise-mediated pro- and anti-oxidative balance in rat blood plasma ................. 339

K. Janda: Lipolytic activity and radial daily growth rate changes during incubation

of Thermomyces lanuginosus on natural and synthetic fatty substrate ........................ 347 A. Marzec, S . Zaręba: Copper and zinc in food products for infant and children ......... 355 J . Ka łuża, J . Do łowa, W. Roszkowski, A. Brzozowska: Survival and habitual

nutrient intake among elderly men ............................................................................... 361 E. Mędrela-Kuder : Some nutritional habits of a group of overweight and obese

woman .......................................................................................................................... 371 R.Wiglusz, E. Si tko, I . Pecka, G. Nikel : Application of mathematical models for

determination of volatile organic compounds emission from flooring adhesives ....... 379 Uniform requirements for the preparation of manuscripts submitted for publication in

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny .................................................................... 391

K. Góralczyk, P. Struciński., A. Hernik, K. Czaja, W. Korcz, J.K. Ludwicki

Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791 Warsaw,

Poland

e-mail: kgoralczyk@pzh.gov.pl

Monitoring and official control of pesticide residues in foodstuffs

in Poland in 2004

Summary

Poland, as a Member State of the European Union, is obliged to establish efficient

system of food control allowing assessment of health quality of food products for general

population as well as for high risk groups, like infants and toddlers. In case of pesticide

residues this task is realized by carrying out programs of monitoring and official control of

foodstuffs in order to check compliance with Maximum Residue Levels set up by Polish

Regulation of Minister of Health on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food. The

Chief Sanitary Inspectorate is an authority responsible for above mentioned activities with

essential participation of Department of Environmental Toxicology of National Institute of

Hygiene. The analysis of food samples indicated in yearly developed plans of sampling, is

carried out in 16 integrated local laboratories of National Sanitary Inspection.

In 2004, 868 samples have been analyzed in system of monitoring and official control

of foodstuffs in Poland. The samples were taken in retail and wholesale. Among analyzed

samples 67% were fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables, and 14% were baby food. The samples

have been analyzed for presence of over 50 pesticides.

In the year 2004 maximum residue levels have been exceeded in 14 samples (2%) of

fruit, vegetables and cereals. All samples were of Polish origin, except two samples from

Spain. In samples with violated MRLs the following pesticides have been found: Benomyl

group, Maneb group, Endosulfan, Mecarbam, Hexachlorobenzene, and Methyl bromide.

Additionally, 49 follow-up enforcement samples has been analyzed. In none of them

MRLs violation have been found.

A. Ciemniak

Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Marine Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Szczecin,

4 Królewicza Kazimierza Street, 71-50 Szczecin, Poland

e-mail: arthur@tz.ar.szczecin.pl

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in herbs and fruit teas

Summary

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of which benzo[a]pyrene is the most

commonly studied and measured, are fused-ring aromatic compounds formed in both natural

and man made processes and are found widely distributed throughout the human environment.

PAHs occur as contaminants in different food categories and beverages including water,

vegetables, fruit, cereals, oils and fats, barbecued and smoked meat. The sources of PAHs in

food are predominantly from environmental pollution and food processing. PAHs emissions

from automobile traffic and industry activities were show to influence the PAHs levels in

vegetables and fruits. The present study was carried out to determine levels of 16 basic PAHs

in herbs and fruits teas. The method was based on the hexane extraction and cleaned up by

florisil cartridge. The extracts were analysed by GC-MS. The levels of total PAHs was varied

from 48,27 µg/kg (hibiscus tea) to 1703 µg/kg (green tea). The highest level of BaP was found

in lime tea (74,2 µg/kg).

L. Czerwiecki, G. Wilczyńska

Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532

Warsaw, Poland

e-mail: czerwiecki@ibprs.pl

Determination of ochratoxin A in spices

Summary

The method of determination of ochratoxin A in some spice: coriander, cloves, ginger,

paprika, black pepper was described. Dependent on kind of matrix, extraction with

metanol/water (80/20) or with solution of 1% NaHCO3 and several variants of clean-up on

IAC columns were investigated. The most useful extraction solvent appeared water solution

of 1% NaHCO3. In case of cloves only, none of the methods of extraction and clean-up

variants was appropriate. The mean recovery of the method, dependent on kind of sample,

was 61 – 82% and RSD % 1.4 and 7.8. The estimated LOD and LOQ were 0.02 and

0.06 µg/kg, respectively. In samples of spice used for method preparation, ochratoxin A was

detected on the level 3.4 – 4.6 µg/kg.

K. Janda1, K.Ulfig2

1Faculty on Environmental Studies and Agriculture, Agriculture University of Szczecin, 17 Słowackiego Street ,

71-434 Szczecin, Poland

e-mail: kjanda@agro.ar.szczecin.pl 2Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Akademicka Stret, 41-100

Gliwice, Poland

A study on the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi

in dried medicinal plants

Summary

The quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi was determined in selected dried

medicinal plants purchased in one of the herbal shops in Szczecin, Poland. The samples

examined were as follows: chamomile (Flos Chamomillae), peppermint (Folium Menthae

piperitae), lemon balm (Folium Melissae), St. John’s wort (Herba Hyperici), and two herbal

mixtures. The fungal composition depended on the specified sample. Xerophilic fungi, i.e.

Eurotium amstelodami, E. herbariorum, E. rubrum and Wallemia sebi were isolated from

dried medicinal plants. E. amstelodami was the predominating species. The prevailing

thermophilic and thermotolerant species were Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis and

Aspergillus fumigatus. Pink and white yeasts were also numerous in some samples. Except for

Aspergillus niger, mesophilic and toxigenous species were found to occur infrequently in the

samples. However, Aspergillus versicolor was found to occur abundantly in lemon balm.

A. Frankiewicz-Jóźko, I.P. Grudziński

Department of Applied Physiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska Stret, 01-163

Warsaw, Poland

e-mail: I.Grudzinski@wihe.waw.pl

Effects of nitric oxide syntase inhibitor on exercise-mediated

pro- and anti-oxidative balance in rat blood plasma

Summary

Rats were subjected to different running trainings on a treadmill for 3 weeks, including

continuous endurance and intermittent exercises at speed intensity of 10, 22 and 30 m/min

(°15), respectively. On the last day of the training period, the animals were dosed with N�-

nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME (30 mg/kg b.w.), and they were further subjected to

exhaustive running exercise (22 m/min; °15). Studies showed that inhibition of nitric oxide

synthase (NOS) with L-NAME mitigated pro- and anti-oxidative (TB/TA) balance in the

blood plasma of rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. Intermittent training before the

exhaustive exercise enhanced L-NAME-induced effects on TB/TA levels in rats, but it was

not observed in continuous endurance trainings

K. Janda

Faculty on Environmental Studies and Agriculture, Agriculture University of Szczecin, 17 Słowackiego Street ,

71-434 Szczecin, Poland

e-mail: kjanda@agro.ar.szczecin.pl

Lipolytic activity and radial daily growth rate changes during incubation

of Thermomyces lanuginosus on natural and synthetic fatty substrate

Summary

The study was to compare lipolytic activity and radial growth rate changes during the

incubation of Thermomyces lanuginosus strains on natural (sunflower oil, soybean oil,

rapeseed oil, and corn oil) and synthetic (tributyrin, Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween

80, and Tween 81) fatty substrata. The strains were isolated from different natural sources and

incubated at 55oC on solid media containing natural and synthetic fatty substrata. The general

(mean) lipolytic activity index decreased on natural substrata and increased on synthetic

substrata during a five-day incubation period. The general daily growth rate changes were

found to be similar on both natural and synthetic fatty substrata. However, the lipolytic

activity index and daily growth rate changes were found to be highly differentiated on

synthetic fatty substrata. Further studies on determination of the factors affecting the

Thermomyces lanuginosus lipolytic activity are needed, due to the species is widely used for

biotechnological purposes.

A. Marzec, S. Zaręba

Chair and Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Staszica Street, 20-091 Lublin, Poland

e-mail: agnieszka.marzec@am.lublin.pl

Copper and zinc in food products for infant and children

Summary

Ready to use infant food, namely 7 types of fruit and vegetable juices, 7 types of

vegetable-meat soups and 8 types of dinner vegetable-meat meals, was investigated by the

flame AAS towards the copper and the zinc content. The average levels of the copper and the

zinc were respectively - for the juices: 0,31 mg/kg and 0,51 mg/kg, for the soups: 0,38 mg/kg

and 2,60 mg/kg, for the dinner meals: 0,42 mg/kg and 2,98 mg/kg. Consumption of a single

unit pack of all the 3 types of food products will cover 29% of recommended daily copper

intake and 22% of zinc.

J. Kałuża, J. Dołowa, W. Roszkowski, A. Brzozowska

Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw, Agricultural University,

159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

e-mail: kaluza@alpha.sggw.waw.pl

Survival and habitual nutrient intake among elderly men

Summary

The aim of this paper was to determinate whether the intake of energy and nutrients was

associated with all-cause mortality in the elderly men of the Warsaw region. Data on the

intake of energy and nutrients were collected using a 3-day record method, in spring 1999.

The mortality follow-up period lasted until December 31, 2003. During this period 43 men

(29.5 % subjects) died. The all-cause mortality was higher among subgroup of elderly men

with lower intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin PP,

potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper and among subgroup of men with lower

intake of total fat, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids.

E. Mędrela-Kuder

Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Academy of Physical Education, 78 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-571

Kraków, Poland

Some nutritional habits of a group of overweight and obese woman

Summary

The aim of the project was to research the nutritional habits of overweight and obese

women. The group under investigation consisted of 100 randomly chosen women from the

region of Małopolska. Their diet turned out to be inconsistent with proper nutrition. The

majority of the women (80%) confessed not to reducing the cholesterol intake. About 50% of

the researched did not pay attention to the food products containing the salt and sugar. Fast-

food products and fat meat were commonly. The women were aware that their diet was not

proper from the nutritional point of view .

R.Wiglusz, E. Sitko, I. Pecka, G. Nikel

Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of

Gdańsk, 9b Powstania Styczniowego Street, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland

e-mail: rena@amg.gda.pl

Application of mathematical models for determination of

volatile organic compounds emission from flooring adhesives

Summary

An environmental chamber with controlled temperature, relative humidity, and air

exchange was used to evaluate emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from three

flooring solvent–based adhesives. Gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization

detector was employed to measure VOC emission. The temporal change in concentration of

VOC emitted from each adhesive was observed and double-exponential model was compared

with a first-order emission decay model in their ability to describe measured emission factors

of adhesives. It was demonstrated that the double exponential model better describes emission

characteristic for experimental data than first-order model does.