Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(40), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i40/98133, October 2016 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 * Author for correspondence 1. Introduction e decision of locating a new substation with capacity is a major concern for power system planners. Substations define the overall characteristic of the transmission and distribution system. In case of power system, large amount of power is transmitted at a higher voltage. e voltage at which the transmission takes place is 1150 kV, 750 kV, 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV). In this kind of transmission system overhead cables are generally preferred. Complexity of power electrical transmission system is the main reason for introducing fresh technologies as GIS. Some of the work based on power system planning can be found in literatures which are based on using GIS based technologies. In this work authors have used geographical information system for designing of router for underground residential distribution system. Here primary cables have been routed by optimizing in the residential distribution system which is underground, for this work an efficient tool has been presented. is has made the task easy by the use of graphic user interface, with actual estimation of cost, it involves online visualization also. Heuristic search algorithm is oſten used by automated primary router for finding the better route of primary cables for both residential developments and in cable replacement plan for already existing system Abstract Objectives: To find the existing location of load points and substation. The load points need to be divided into different clusters with substation location for each. It is intended to find the optimum route of transmission line with load flow analysis to justify the work. Method/Analysis: Geographical Information System (GIS) platform can be used to locate the load points in terms of coordinates (Longitude and latitude). Soft computing based clustering algorithm can be used to divide the load points into different clusters with suitable optimum location of each substation. GIS software can be used for finding possible shortest route of transmission line. For load flow analysis Newton raphson can act as an effective tool. Findings: The proposed methodology will help power system planners to make a complete solution of planning problems from optimizing the location of substation to load flow analysis. The method proposed can replace the traditional way of planning by mathematical calculations. Use of GIS will help to consider all the geographic impacts. Novelty/Improvement: GIS software use in power system planning will give planners a new and efficient way of planning. The method will reduce man-machine effort. Keywords: Clustering, Geographical Information System, Load Flow Optimum Substation Location, Optimum Feeder Routing Power Substation Location Selection and OptimumFeeder Routing using GIS: A Case Studyfrom Bihar (India) Shabbiruddin 1* , Karma Sonam Sherpa 1 , Sandeep Chakravorty 2 and Amitava Ray 3 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Rangpo – 737132, Sikkim, India; [email protected], [email protected]2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Baddi University of Emerging Science and Technology, Baddi – 173205, H.P., India; [email protected]3 Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College, Jalpaiguri – 735102, West Bengal, India; [email protected]
Transcript
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(40), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i40/98133, October 2016ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846
ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645
* Author for correspondence
1. Introduction
The decision of locating a new substation with capacity is a major concern for power system planners. Substations define the overall characteristic of the transmission and distribution system. In case of power system, large amount of power is transmitted at a higher voltage. The voltage at which the transmission takes place is 1150 kV, 750 kV, 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV). In this kind of transmission system overhead cables are generally preferred. Complexity of power electrical transmission system is the main reason for introducing fresh technologies as GIS.
Some of the work based on power system planning
can be found in literatures which are based on using GIS based technologies. In this work authors have used geographical information system for designing of router for underground residential distribution system. Here primary cables have been routed by optimizing in the residential distribution system which is underground, for this work an efficient tool has been presented. This has made the task easy by the use of graphic user interface, with actual estimation of cost, it involves online visualization also. Heuristic search algorithm is often used by automated primary router for finding the better route of primary cables for both residential developments and in cable replacement plan for already existing system
AbstractObjectives: To find the existing location of load points and substation. The load points need to be divided into different clusters with substation location for each. It is intended to find the optimum route of transmission line with load flow analysis to justify the work. Method/Analysis: Geographical Information System (GIS) platform can be used to locate the load points in terms of coordinates (Longitude and latitude). Soft computing based clustering algorithm can be used to divide the load points into different clusters with suitable optimum location of each substation. GIS software can be used for finding possible shortest route of transmission line. For load flow analysis Newton raphson can act as an effective tool. Findings: The proposed methodology will help power system planners to make a complete solution of planning problems from optimizing the location of substation to load flow analysis. The method proposed can replace the traditional way of planning by mathematical calculations. Use of GIS will help to consider all the geographic impacts. Novelty/Improvement: GIS software use in power system planning will give planners a new and efficient way of planning. The method will reduce man-machine effort.
Power Substation Location Selection and OptimumFeeder Routing using GIS:
A Case Studyfrom Bihar (India)Shabbiruddin1* , Karma Sonam Sherpa1, Sandeep Chakravorty2 and Amitava Ray3
1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Rangpo – 737132, Sikkim, India; [email protected], [email protected]
2Department of Electrical Engineering, Baddi University of Emerging Science and Technology, Baddi – 173205, H.P., India; [email protected]
3Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College, Jalpaiguri – 735102, West Bengal, India; [email protected]
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Power Substation Location Selection and Optimum Feeder Routing using GIS: A Case Study from Bihar (India)
of underground residential distribution system. The test results obtained shows that automated primary router has good efficiency and stability in searching of the most suitable solution in routing of primary cable1. In this work authors have shown that in power industry how GIS helps in spearheading the distribution reform processes so as to make power industry more robust. The authors have shown the ability of GIS for revolutionizing the change processes in many areas like monitoring mapping of distribution network, consumer relationship, consumer indexing etc. Authors have suggested that loss reduction and improving energy efficiency can be done by using GIS tool in numerous areas of distribution reforms2. Here in this work author has presented the use of GIS in modeling of electricity networks of midlands electricity plc, London. Author has presented optimization of network, network modeling by geo-schematic, management facilities of network in that area by using GIS3. For advanced and modern technology IT can play an important part. GIS has better ability in revolutionizing the change in process like mapping of distribution network, relationship of consumer’s management etc. For improving the decision making through MIS, GIS is an important tool4.
The DAS is completely based on the intensive usage of multi-criteria weighting techniques as well as geographic information system. This new DAS can act in overcoming all kinds of problems raised by initial opposing positions among various groups from diverse social interests, economical etc.5,6. Using grid sensor deployment an improvement in the coverage area as well as high cost can be avoided7. In this work authors have used a new spatial-textual hybrid indexing technique for Geographical Information retrieval which is based on Wavelet Tree8. Here authors have shown that using remote sensing and GIS, mapping of flood dynamics and hazard assessment can be easily done9.
A complete solution to the power transmission planning is never given by the authors using GIS. In the present work we have worked on from substation location to transmission planning and checking the feasibility of work using the load flow analysis. The present work gives a complete solution using soft computing technique, GIS and load flow analysis. The proposed work will be very useful for power transmission planners. A real life case study is done to prove the feasibility and originality of the work.
2. Analysis of Power Map
The power transmission area of Bihar on which the work is done is shown in Figure 1. Using Google Earth Platform the area of Bihar can be traced and worked on. This is actually the demand site of the whole region. The substations presently in function are marked with the help of Matlab platform. Presently six substations are functioning at the transmission level in the area. The existing substations are marked and shown in Figure 2. Using the Google Earth platform, coordinates for all the existing load points in Bihar were found and applied with MatLab software to plot them in 2D plane taking x axis as the longitude and Y axis as latitude. The latitude and longitude of each 76 load points are shown Table 1. According to latitude and longitude all the load points are plotted and shown in Figure 3.
Figure 1. Map of Bihar showing the location of load points.
Figure 2. Existing substations in Bihar.
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Figure 3. 76 identified load points of Bihar are shown using Matlab.
3. Application of Clustering Algorithm
Several applications of clustering have been proposed in literature; here in this work Statistical Information Grid (STING) is used.
Table 1. Latitude and longitude of 76 load points identifiedSl. No. X co-ordinate
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Power Substation Location Selection and Optimum Feeder Routing using GIS: A Case Study from Bihar (India)
3.1. Clustering of Data through STINGIn this work clustering is one using MatLab according to the STING algorithm10 and five different clusters were obtained which are represented with different colors to differentiate. The clustering was done depending upon the density and minimum area containing a large number of load points, the same is shown in Figure 4. These clusters efficiently include even those points in their respective areas which were not connected to the transmission system earlier making the transmission system better organized.
Figure 4. Clustered load points after applying STING algorithm.
3.2 Placement of SubstationsIn a Euclidean space, the members of a cluster can be averaged, and this average is called the centroid. Here the centroid method is used for locating the optimum location of the substations. In the result shown in Figure 5 the red points represent the substation location. These substation locations are such that they are at a minimum distance from every load point. This ensures greater stability and efficiency. As every load point is at a minimum distance from the substation, the cost of transmission line will also be minimal.
Hence through STING algorithm the new substation locations along with the load points which it will feed were found out to be at: Dinara (84.78, 26.35), Barauni (86.15, 25.75), Nalanda (84.2, 25.25), Ashapur (85.25, 25.15) and Murliganj (87.20, 25.65). The same areas are marked and shown in Figure 6 on Google earth platform.
Figure 5. Placement of substations.
Figure 6. Proposed substation locations.
4. Routing of Transmission Line using GIS
Transmission line routing is done for each of the clusters shown in Figure 5. Some basic things that have been considered for transmission line planning are: Voltage drops, Sag, Distance between two towers, Land elevation, and possible restrictions like River, Mountain, and Forest etc. Rerouting and its feasibility could be checked using load flow analysis that is discussed later.
In Figure 7 lowest and highest elevation point for a distance of 8.98 miles/ 14.45 KM transmission line is shown. Land elevation and other possible restrictions
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are considered while routing transmission line. Land evaluation is necessary because it will help in avoiding the problems like sag. For example the transmission line between load points 5 and 8 as shown in the Figure 7. The total land elevation difference for 14.4 KM is 6 feet which is normal. Towers are generally put after every 500 Meter. So, Figure 8 routing carefully can avoid the problem such as sag. In a similar way routing between substation and load points is done for all the five clusters considering land elevations and avoiding the restrictions like rivers, residential areas etc.
Figure 7. Land elevation.
Figure 8. It shows the Google earth image and load routed points in Q-GIS.
The distances between substation and load points are calculated using Quantum-GIS (Q-GIS) platform. In Figure 9 for substation to load points and load points to load points distances are found. These distances will be helpful for analyzing the routing done using load flow analysis.
Figure 9. All the substation and routed load points.
5. Load Flow Analysis on the Clusters Obtained
Load flow analysis is done on the clusters obtained using Newton raphson method. The substation and load points are plotted on Matlab platform for marking the points for easy analysis.
The distance is calculated after routing the transmission line by considering all the factors such as land elevation, mountains, rivers, etc. The calculated distances along with transmission line data for one of the cluster (1st cluster) are shown in Table 2. Bus data for 1st cluster is shown in Table 3. Load flow analysis is done on each of the cluster. The result obtained for one of the cluster (1st cluster) is shown in the Table 4. The result tells that the voltage drops are within the limits and hence the proposed system can be accepted.
Resistance (R) value is taken in p.u. (1.8* 10-5 per unit/Km) and Reactance (X) (1.923*10-4 per unit/KM) for 400 KV transmission lines.
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Power Substation Location Selection and Optimum Feeder Routing using GIS: A Case Study from Bihar (India)
Table 2. Data of transmission line for 1st cluster1st cluster
The literature survey of power substation location selection reveals that cost minimization has been one of the most important objectives for the researchers. In this work use of Geographical Information System has been shown for a complete planning of the system from substation location to feeder routing. The process of selecting power substation location by researchers have been done using some mathematical modeling, here in this work we have used GIS to get correct attribute of land for the location. The use of GIS in feeder routing helps to judge land elevation, restricted areas. This helps in avoiding the problems like sag also. The database management of Bihar for transmission system is also attached as the attributes to its geographic. Rerouting of feeders by adopting shortest and feasible new route using GIS based software can put saving in losses. Load flow study is done using a MATLAB program developed for Newton raphson method to take out the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each of the bus. This last
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process has been done to get the technical feasibility of the proposed routes.
mation system based primary router for underground resi-dential distribution design. IEEE Proceedings of the Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Con-ference; 1994 Apr 10-15. p. 53-9.
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3. Fleeman P. GIS based Modeling of Electricity Networks. England: Midlands Electricity plc; 1997 Jun.
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7. Manoja CL, Kumari DA. Geographical location based hi-erarchical routing strategy for WSN using movable rout-ers. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2016 May; 9(17):1-5.
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