Проблеми на семантичната реконструкция (Етимологично...

Cnequanu3upaH HafreH crBem no'esukosHaHue npu BAKBelukomrrpHoBcku yuu8epcumem "CB. cB. Kupurr u Memogut"

Kamegpa no cmapo6onaapcku esuk u o6ulo esukosuaHue

)Ku8ka CmeQanoBa Kone8a-3zrameBa

TIPOEAEMI{ HA CEMAHTI{IIHATA PEKOHCTPYKIII{fl(EmuvrozroeuqHo u ceMaHmuko-munoôeuqHo uscêqBaHe

B o6nacmma Ha 6tnaapckama coMamugHa,,rekcuka)

ABmopeQepam Ha gucepmaqur{3a npucb*<Sary Ha HafrHama u o6paso6amelua cmeneH

"gokmop"

Peqen:enmu:[po.b. g.Q.n. Mocko MockoBCm.H.c. I cm. g.Q.H. Togop TogopoB

Benuko TrrpuoBo, 1997

ffiSllliilrri,

,ili

.(ucepmaqurma e 06cbgeHa u HacoqeHa 3a 3auluma Hapa3uupeHo 3acegaHue Ha Kamegpama no cmapo6bnaapeku esuku o6u1o esukosuaHue npu @unonoau.reckufl rfakyrrmern Ha

BenukomupuoBckux ynu8epcumem "ClJ. cu. Kupun u Memoguil".Tq e c o6ena 256 vrauruHonucHu cmpaHllrlu, a qumLlpauumesaanaBux ca o6ulo 358.

.(ucepmaumkama e ana8en acucmeHm no o6u1o egukostrtrrue ltt,tlBelukomt puoBckua yuu8epcumem.

3au-1uma.ma Ha qucepmaquflma ule ce cbcmou ,u r14):....... N97 a.Jatuumama Ha

om'.,/..Y... '1. gq. B sana Ns102 na l4ncmumyma sa 6rnaapcku c'ruk Ha

"[ITun.leucktt npoxtlg"Err.rraapckama akageMurr ua Haykume, yA.

Nb 52, ap. Co$un.

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,,l lenrswrtrtfi nrcoptui Bogu kun nnha, qe t nortrySfrttt,gokailn iltttc{t.nttv Hfl nteoptliq Hv Bo{lu ktrtt urffir,

OcuoBHa qen Ha Hacm()ru.l,ur gucepmaquoHeH mpyg e ga gonpuHeceB paepa6omBaHemo Ha me()purma u Memogukarna Ha ceMaHmuqHarna pe-koHcnrpykqufl, kcrrmo e cna6omo s8euo B ernuMoloauflma kanto Hayka.BapHoe, qe B o6aacmrna Ha ceM.rHmuqHama pekortcmpykUufl He rruncBarnmpopemuqnu pa:pa6omku, Ht-r e Qakm u ffioBa, \eodu.lortlttiema MernogukaHa ceMaHmurrHama pektltrcmpykqun nunc8a. Ilocmynarnr,m, qe no omHo-tueHue Ha ceMoHmukama "B kpailHa cuemka Bcuqko peuaBa alegHamamoqka Ha emuM()Arlea" (O. H. Tpy6aurltl), neaoBuflm "ceMaHmuqeH uHc-muHkm" (O. H. Tpy6auott) unu "iqpa8 paayrra" (E. EeHtse_nugm) I gucep-malluflma ce pegyuupa q() cleqHama QoprvrynupoBka: moBaikrrcnlo cleg-8a ga us6epe emuMonoalrm kamo peueHue, He e gocmamtqHo qa ce ocHo-BaBa eguucm[Jeutr na Heao[Jama uHmyuqurr, 3olUorho cet aruilittltffitna gua-xpoHilfl, cut4o kaktrru u sqyko^{tilto, ce nrtgvrtukBa Ha onpegenenn sakono-./nepHocnut BrrsxukBaHemo u ceMaHmurrHurm pasflofi ua rrekcuka^HumeeguHuLl,u, kaknto u omnagaHemo uM om gageHa esuko8a eucrneMa ce u8-St,ptu8a uMeHHo B npeceutrume moqku Ha qe[etnBuenxtHa megu sakoHo-MepH(rcmu. 3agauama Ha emuMonoea e ga omkpue me3u npeceqHu mouku.

Izle8egenunte no gegykmuBex ntm u tlpe: o6o6utaBane Ha nocmua-Hamomo B masu o6rracm meopemuqHu nocmaHofJku c unkrcrirpamu8na uetlpucmuuHa qen ce npulaeam npu emuMonoeuqHo u ceMaHmuko-muno-nt:*uqur., uscneg[iaHe Hir 6r,naapckl conaanruqHa nekcuka (uasBaHurr Ha qac-mu Hu .ro8erukonro nruno).

Pa6omama ce c'rlcmou om yBr:g, mpu ena6u, eaknloueHue,6u6,ruoapaQur, cnuc't k xa usnon38aHume peqHuttu u cnpaBouuurlu.

B y8oga (+12c.) ce apayMeHmupa u:6opr,m Ha meMama Ha gu-cepmaqulma. I{umu pam ce MHeHu, Ha peguqa rruxa Bucmu, om6e4ts B aulunepaspa6omellocmma Ha pa3ane>kgauun meopernuqeu npo6nena.AkqeHmupa ce Heao[Jama aknryarrHocm 3a emuMoloeulma, mr,ii kamo eg-HocmpaHqu8omo npunaeaHe caMo Ha Hageil<gHume kpumepuu ua <fopr'aan-Hama pekoncmpykqul [J gyxa Ha npa[lunomo, ue "petuaf'laHemo ulemu-M()A()euqHu 3aqaqu e npequ fJcuqktl peuatlaHe Ha 3ilqaqu rfropuanuu, pe-koHcmpykuurlHa atsykoBama cmpaHa Ha gyMama" npu "onpeqeneH() ce-MaHmuqHo cxoqcm[Jo" (8.K. Xypafl,tr,oB) e o6peueHo Ha Heycnex,3aul()-mo He peua8a Er,npoca 3a oMoHuMume. fli.rguepmatla ce, qe paepa6om8a-Hem() Ha meopurrma u Memoqukama Ha ceMaHrnuqHilma pekoHcnrpykqun

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e ocbulecm8uryro upes o6c-6ula8aHemo Ha Bcuqko nocrnueHamo om me-opemuqHama Muc'bn B masu o6nacm npu npunaaaHerlo na nocmu>keHurl-ma Ha geckpu nmulJuarna cer.aaHmuka, ncuxonu Ha8ucmu kama u corluolu H-a8ucmukama, koumo B noczreguume aoquHu om6enflsaxa 3HaqumeneHHanpegt,k.

Kamo a A a B H a qeA Ha pa6omama ce nocoq8a npuHocum B

meopuflma u uremogukama Ha ceMaumuqHama pekoncmpykqus.IloguuHeHa Ha ma3u qel e sagaqama 3a emuMoleaur{Ho u ceMaHmu-

ko-munonoauqHo uaczregBaue na Has8aHufl om o6lacmma Ha 6t naapcka-ma coMamuqHa nekcuka, uacnegeHu om uugoe8poneiickama, 6anmocna-Bquckama u hpacna8nuckama enoxa karno ullocmpaqul Ha usBegeHumemeopemuqHu nocmaHoBku u, paaSupa ce, u c e8pucmuuHa qel. B masuuacoka ce nocmaBrm cneqHume 3aqaqu:

a.) paaane*gaHe Ha nrunotoeltunte Hil Ho/Huuoltuitnm u tru cerilaH-rruqHotno pagButtrue Ha apynarna Ha coMamu.lHa Ackcuka kamo qlrro, mrrfikamo ur.ra npako omHoureHue kakmo kt,rr,r gageH()mo emuMoloauqHo u3-cnegBaHe, maka u kru ceMaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykqua ueo6ulo qpe3 npu-uoca B o6tqorno cucmeMamu3upaHe Ha munoloauqeckume oco6eHocmuua .rrekcuka^Hama cervraumuka;'

6.) om nosutluume Ha urb"g"nu-e o6qomeclpemuqHu nocmanoBkuHa ceMaHmurrHama prekoncmpykqur u o6u1u munonoauqecku trco6eH(rcmuHa meMamuqHama epyna Ha coMamurrHama nekcuka npeglaaaHe Ha emu-MonoauqHu peueHu, omHocHo coMamuqHu naa[JaHug, koumo nql\,Iam r.16-

ulonpuema emuMoôaur;B-) crcnopBaue om me3u no3urluu Ha peueHur, Ha nprrB noaleg npa$-

gonogq6uu u *lenpomuBopeuaqu Ha "sqpa8ul pasyrvr";a.) gokas8aHe Ha qpyeu emuMonoeuqHu peueuur kamo o6ekmuB-

HU;

g,) upes uscneg8.aue Ha munoloaurrma Ha ceMaHmuqHomo pas8u-mue Ha gageHume Ha:BaHul omkpu8aue Ha peguqa mexHu qepuBamu, uu-,mo emuMoloaur{ B crrutecm8y8aulume emuMoloeuqHu peqHuqu ce npeg-cma8s kamo HerrcHa.

Tls6oprm Ha apynama Ha coMamuqHama nekcuka sa o6ekm Ha Ha-cmoflulomo uecneqBaHe e npogukmyBau om clegHume He[uu oco6eHo-cmu, koumo a xapakmepu3upam-kamo c8oeo6paeHa u uMam nprko unukoc8eno omHotueHue kurnl HeilHama eBonkrqul B guaxpoHua, nopaou ko-emo 6u cleg8ano ga ca 3HaquMu u 3a emuMoloeuqnomo ti uscnegtlaue,

l.) Hia8anulma Ha qacmume Ha qo8elukomo mrrno kamtl qln() cexapakmepusupam c aonrMa cma6unHtrcm u nopaqu mo6a ca cpeg na[i-ap:xauqHama zrekcuka BtB Bceku equu esuk. ToBa e rrekcuka, ktumo plokoce 3auMcmBa u e uanko sa8ucurvra clm ekcmpanuHa8ucmuqHume ycnol)ulrna $ynktruoHupaHe Ha esuka, nopagu koemo npu uelHomo enluMon()euq-

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no usc-AeqBaHe e Errsr\4o>kuo uakcupranHomo npunaeaHe Ha co6cmBeHo-esuko8ume kpumepuu Ha usc.,reg6aue.

2.) Pasanq*gaHama apyna Has8auus B esukoBegckama nayka npeg-cma8rur8a uHmepec u ce uecleg8a cbtuo maka om alegHa moqka Ha eeuko-Bur penamuBusbrur u yHu8epcanu3bM - Qakmopu, koumo rurakap u He npnkoMoeam qa uMam omHotueHue krru emuMoloauqHomo u:cnegt3aue Ha pa3-'aneicqauama apyna xas Bprrua (ceuaHmuu Ho nt-rne) ka mo xapakm-epu3upa-u1u Heiluama cmpykrnypa u npuHllunu Ha kameaopuaallux u mepMuHolo-eu3aqufl., C apxausMa u ynu8epcalu3Ma Ha coMamuqHama lekcuka e c8trpslrr

Qakmr,rn, qe cpeq 100-me HiisBa4ua, koumo M. Cyogeru onpegel.fl karhoocuotlHu ea uscleqBaHerno Ha e3uu,ume qpe3 anomoxpoHoloauqeckusMemog,25 ca Has8aHufl Ha qacmu Ha mllomo

3.) HasBanurrma Ha qacmume Ha mrnomo npeqcma8,ts8am uHme-.pec 3a eeuko8egume u karncl HastJaHurr Ha qacmume Ha "HegeluMo LUIAc",,nopaqu ktlemo ca cpeg knacu.reckunle npuMepu Ha MemoHuMutrHu, npe-Hoc - (rakm, kofimocneg8a ga ce omquma npu emuMoloeuqHurr uM aHanu3.

4.) Couamuqnama nekcuka npeqcmaBrrn8a uHmepec u kamo nekcu-ka, crqt p>kaula clequ om aHmponouopQuenaa, uspasaBaul gpetinur munMucAeHe, aa koern,o ctlugeme,tcm8am u aHmponouoptlHume naematfopu,onpe gelrHu kamo ynu8egrcanna esu kclt'ia oco6enocrn.

IloqqepmaBa ce, qe 3aMuc'blbm Ha Hacrnorrruomo emuMoloauql{ouscleq8aHe kamo apynotla pekoHcmpykqua ce grrn*u Ha qokasaHilma no-Bucoka o6ekmuBur)cm Ha n()cmuaHamume pe3ylmamu npu makrrB munuecngq8aue, koemo kamp meopemuqHa nocmaHo8ka nogpt-r6no ce pa:-alerkga 6 nt p[3a u Smopa a.,ra[Ja. Om6elfls0a ce ctulo, ue B npakmuqecka-ma cu qacm pa6omama HrMa 3a uen emuMonoaurrH()mo uecneq8aHe iiaa6conkrmno fJcurrku nas[JaHun Ha ]lacmu ua qo8eukomo mflAo 8 6t,neapc-kua npocmpaHcmBeuo-BpeueHeH koHmuHyyna, m't,il kamo egtla nu e 8t,a-pro>kucl ga 6rrge omaotlopeHcr Ha a6conk'rmHo Ecuqku HerIcHu u cntlpHu Brr-npocu, 3aulomo mo safiucu om omkpu8aHemo Ha nogxogrul gualekmeHMamepuan, koemo e mpygHa u HenlaHupyeMa 3aEaqa. HenrrnHomo u3-cneg8aHe Ha gageHama apyna He 6u ce ompa3ulo ua o6ekmu8Hocmma HaaHalu3a Ha usc,reg8aHume nekcerrlu, koemoce onpegelfl om mo8a, qe epy-nama He npeqcma8rur8a co6cmotleHrrcsuko8cl o6equneHue (m. e, He e,tekcukarrHt>ceMaHmuq Ha ?pyna, a meMamuqHa epyna (ceua Hmuu Ho none),

fl'upBa anaBa, osaana[Jeua "Memoguka ua ceMaHmLiqHarnapekoucmpykqua B emuraonoeuqHume uscneg8auut" (13-88 ..),uMa u3qll() me()pemuueH xupakmep.

l.Kamo ce usxorkqa clm paa6upaHemo, ue cnequrlukama Ha HayqHo-u:cneqofJamenckul Mem()q ce onpeqeny om o6ckttru. Ha ugcr\eq8aHemo u

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renilraHa u3cêg8aHemo, ce ymoqHflBa, qe Bbnpoc'bm sa Memogukama Ha

c.eMaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykuus cneg8a ga ce peua8a I ueao8ama sa8u-cuMocm om npo6,teuasasakouolftepttoanut lre - ettuocmBy8aqu unu He-ctulecm8yBaulu - B ceuanmuqHume u3MeHeHu, kamo onpegeuqu oc-noBHama c'bulHocm Ha me3u u3MeHeHufl, a ctulo u om B't npoca 3a koH-kpemuume 3agaqu Ha ceMaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykqun.

l. I IIpaBu ce npeeleg Ha cbulecm8y8aulume MH9-Huff omHecno 3aga-qume Ha ceMaHmutrHama pekoncmpykqur u ce uskaaBa npegnolrumaxuekopr no-uupokomo pas6upaue, cnopeq koemo ueiiuume 3aqaqu He ce oa-pauuua8am eguHcm8euo c'bc cbnocma8lHemo Ha HaqalHua u kpailnur uo-MgHm om ceMaHrnuqHomo paeBumue ua uscneg8aHama lekcerraarna, aEkrrb.r8am onpegel.flHemo u Ha emanume Ha He[Huq ceMaHmuqeH pasBoil,BtscmaHoBr8aHemo u Ha npequrecm8aulomo i 3HaqeHue

l.l.?3agauume Ha ceMaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykUufl ce koHkpemu-3upam u c oaêg Ha npuâeaHufl, ilo(lxog ua uscrregBaHe Ha rrekcukanHarnace traanmuk il * C e fi a a t o /to z uq e H u Lu o H o /u ac u o./to ? u q e u. Om 6enna Ba ce, qe

pekoHcmpyktlusma Ha nrrp8oHallalHomo 3H aqeHue Ha rrekceva rn a, H a He-aoBama geHomamHa omHeceHocm (npu Btsuorknocm u Ha ireaoBama Bum-pguHocucmeMHa 3Haqur.aocm) u Ha emanume Ha ceMaHmuqeH pas8o,[ (trnucaMo Ha npegxogHomo 3HaqeHue Ha nekceruama) e 3agaqa Ha ceMacuolo-auqHu{ nogxog. Cmenenma ua BepormHocm HaegHapekr-rucmpykqul o6a-qe Hapacm8a c npunaaaHemo u Ha oHoMacuoloauqHul n()qxog, npegnola-aatt1 pekoHcmpykqunma ua ntp8oHaqalHu, HoMuHaquoueu akm, a cbulo upeua8auemo Ha peguqa oHoMacuonoeuqHu 3agaqu Br,[t Bprraka cbc ceMaH-muquomo pas8umue ua nekceuama BrrB Bperrgmo, qelma Ha koumo eonpqgenqnemo Ha ocno8aHuflma 3a ct omBemuume esukoBu cr6osuaqeuu.sHa o6ekrnume om ge[cm8umelHocmma.

1.2 Cneg8a kpumuueH npealeg Ha cbulecm8y8aulume MHeHurI om-H(rcHo aakonouepHufl ulu Hes akoHorraepHus xapa kmep Ha.ztekcu kaAH o-ce-MaHmuqHama guaxpoHul u MornuBupaue ua ueo6xoguMocmma om npu3-ua8aHe Ha cbruecm8y8aHemo Ha onpegeleuu sakouoMepHocmu BunpekuaolrMama o6yclo8eu()cm Ha nekcukama om ekcmpanutraBucmuqHufl$akrnop, m$[ kamo aakonorraepH(rcmu 6eecnoput-r ce Ha6lk)qaBam 6 nek-cukanHo-ceMaltmuqHama cuHxpoHr.rfl, a me He 6uxa rraoanu ga 6rrgam pe-3ynrnam om cmuxuiiHu quaxpoHHu npouecu.

2. Om6erurstia ce, qe npueHa8auemo Ha ctqecmByllaHemo Ha onpe-geneHu sakououepHocmu (unu mengenquu) B cevraHmuuHur pa:Bo[ uanekcukama karno xapakmepu3upaulo mcnu pasEoii uua onpeqelrulo 3Ha-qeHue no omHotueHue Ha uemogukama Ha guaxpoHHume ceMaHmuqHu u3-cneqBaHurr, utirmo kpa[na qen e onpegelrHemo Ha nle3u aakouorraepHoc-mu (meHgeHquu, yHutleprcaauu) u omuumaHemo uM npu koHkpemHurl emu-MOA()eUqeH aHaAU3.

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2. l. Cpeg s nk o uo 4ep nq n un,e Ha ceMaHmuqHama eBonkrqus ce oqep-maBam makuBa c rtllto?o o6ul xapaklrcp, koumo 3acrlaam Hafi-o6ulumenpuHuunu u MexaHu3Mu Ha ma3u e8onkrqur. Taku8a aakoHortaepHocmu co6ul xapakmep, xapakmepnu kakmo ea lekcukanHomo paBuuule, maka usa esuka kamo qflAo, ca g8u*equme culu Ha eauko8ume u3MeHeHurr: meH-geHquume krrNa esuko8a ukoHopruu u k'bN{ u3pa3umelHocm, ekcnpecu8-,H(rcm, k'srvr ouQepeHquaqu, u yuurlukaqur.

2. 1.1 Pesynma m Ea n rc t ry e HtU ut fi , a k ut uk o t o tn t m, nponlr Barua eeB napaguauamuqeH nAaH, e nonuceMurma, kor.mo e a6c0nkrmHa ceMaH-muqHa yHuBepcanus. ErukoBama ukoHt'rprus pro>ke ga 6t ge ctlqo makanpuquHa sa ct sgatlaHe Ha HoBo Has[JaHue 3a 6eqe HasoBaH EeHomam.Peaynmam Ha meHgeHqusma krrru ukcluorlrur B cuHmaaMamuqeH nAaH e

QoprraynupaHurrm om [{un<] npuHqun, us[JebmeH kamo "3akoH ua IJ,unQ",kofimo anacu,.re "no-qecmb ynclmpe6tBauume esukoBu eleMeHmu ca ka-rho qancl ncrruanku om no-prgko ynompe6lrBaHume". flpor6,a Ha meHgeH-quflma k'uru ukout'rMur e u koHcmamupaHama om B. B. MapmunoBsakoHonaepH(rcm, ue 8 gt'lycrrcmafJuomo Has8aHue c Speuemo B nnaua uauspaart3aHe ce cmuea qo eaay6[3aHe Ha ugeHmu<[uqupaqux e,rerrneum, kcr-aamo mo[ cmaHe AecHo npegcka:yer.a.3aay6ama Ha QopualHorno u ce-MaHrnuqHama pa3qleHeHocrn ua HasBaHuerno A. B. I4ca.reHko onpegel,kamo "eguH om ocHoBHume sakoHu ua pas8umue ua,tekcukama", koemo6u uoazro qa ce pa3alerkga u Bt fl Bprska c geemuMonoau3aquflma.

2.'l -2. T'eug1ewyut t t m kutt o6pa:*tocttt tt ek o ryeafi roctn ce npon[hBaB HenprekocHamomo o6oaaml[JaHe Ha peqHukoBus c'ucmaB Ha e3uka c Ho-Bu zrekceuu, npegcmaf3rut8auu no c6orma c'r]u.fiHocm ekcnpecu8nu Has8a-Hufl Ha Be.le Haso8aHu npeqMemu u ,B,reHurr om ge[cm8umelHocmma.Qm cBcrs cmpaHa, mlxui',mo crrega[3aue Bogu gr-r npoMeHu I rrae*gy,tek-ceMHume omHotueHur ua *uko8ama cucrnervra. Ekcnpecu8uocmma ce no-cmuaa qpe3 Mema<|opuuHu npeHocu, a c'bulo u qpes <pclprvranHu cpegcm8a:cnoEoo6pasy6amenHu, aauucm EaHe, Hepezylr puu SouemuqHu npoMeHu.

2.l.3.Teugettguurtit kuu gu$aperu{MLlua cbrqo rrao>ke qa saceaHe kak-mo tlopualHama cmpaHa Ha esukclBume sHako8u equHurlu, maka u mflx-Homo ctgr,p>kaHue. f[pon8a Ha QoprtaanHama OuQepenquaqurr e cttq)e/fle-*t m ktn pasepatumo$ntrc Ha o./tt()tutruu.tne, quemo HaAutlue I esuka Hapy-uaBa ueaotJus cucmeMeH xapakmep. Ilpoa8a Ha ceMaHmuqHama guQe-peHlluaqurr e QopvrynupaHurrm om Epean "3akoH Ha gucmpu6yuuflma", ko[-mo ce uapaarBa B gur/tepau4uotluntttu Ha cuHotut/ututrc.Wgpy?u .,ruuaBuc-mu kamo I-, llayn, M. flokpo8cku nocoq8am, qe npu c6nrrct,ka Ha gBenekceuu c egHakBu 3HaqeHurr ca [Jr,strokHu qBa usxoga: ulu gu<fepeHqu-au,ufl Ha 3HaqeHurlnla uM, unu usqes[JaHe Ha equama om mrlx. OmHoueHu-emcr rrle>kqy cuHoHuMunte e ()mH()rueHue na kot*ypcutlutt,8 pesynmant Hakosmo ce usllt plulJa om6op Ha Haii-Heo6xoquuume u3pa3Hu cpeqcmBa [J

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npoqeca na 6op6a rrae>kOy mxx; koHkypeHquflma e ocHoflxama npuquHa 3a

mexHume u3MeHeHurI u1u 3aey6a. B masu konkypeuqur{ onpeqelrlula e qec-

momHocmma B nekcukalHama sbllemaeMocm, kamo "Ua[-munurtHama yno-

m pe6a cm a8a eg uHcm 6eHo [i'I]3 Mo)kHa..- Ha [-tlecmomHomo B- preu ma, [l mek-

cma n(rcmeneHHocma8a egunCmBeHo [J'b3Mo>kHo ['] eauka, B cucnteMama"(Yl.C. Vnyxanoti).

2.1.4. Teugeruquttta kb/n yHltfiuk arym c'bulo Mo)ke'ga HaMupa npo-sBa kakmo B esuko[Jama $opua, maka u B cr,gr:,p*amenHama cmpaHa Ha

e3uka. Taka uanpuMep 3aLoHbm 3a Heympalu3aqufl ua a;rguoprfurne, npo-sBnBarq ce B HanaaaHemo Ha HaU-qecmomHurl anonaop(i En4ecmo no-MalkoqecmomHur, e sakoHoMepHocm, kosmo 3acflea e3uko[Jama Qoprraa u vro>ke

ga ce pa3ene*(ga kamo npot8a u Ha e3uko8ama ukcluolvtus. flpoaBa uameH geHuurma k'L,M yxuQukaqur, 3acrza ula cbgltp)kame1Ha m a cmpaHa Ha

e3uka, e c1u8aHemo Ha emuMo1oeuqHu eHe3ga, koHmuuyaxmu Ha OMOHU*

MuqHu u napoHuMuqHu kopeHu, kttemo ce koHcmamuPa n()Hrlkoaa. c. Ka-pall.oHac napuua me3u cliqau "cnyuau Ha "nceflgo-ceMaHmuqutl pas8u-mue?'. Tr*tomo cbulecm8y6aHe mpa6Ba ga ce npeg8u)kqa npu Bceku emu-MolozuqeH aHalu3. Brrsvlt>kHo e crrulo maka qacmutlHomo <|oprt'ranno (<|o-

HoloauqHo, MopQonoa uq Ho, cloBoo6pa3y6amenHo) c6nu ;ka [luHe Ha I tPa-guaMamuqHo c8t,psatume AekceMu, kak8umc'r npuMepu cm6eusBa W.He-Meq cpeg aHmoHuMume u cuHoHuMume. B clomtJemcmflue c o6tUoe3uko-Bama meHgeHq,u, kor.a ynu<fukaqus e cbulo maka "ceMaHmuqHAma aHalo-aul", uapuuaHa oule "ctrrucnclBa aHanoaurl", kogmo ce ct:cmou B ynuQuqu-paHemo Ha cMuclo8omo pa38umue Ha ceMaHmuqHo ctJbp3aHume eguHutlu.'

2.2. Cpeg esuko6ume 3akoHoMepHOcmu, 3acrlaaulu nekcukama ka-mo qr{Ao, cau sakouoMepHocmume, koumo ce omHacrlm caMo go Aekcu-kanHomc-r patlHuqe na esuka kamo pa$Huqe Ha 3Hakotlu eguHutlu. Taku8aca npomu8onono>kHume no cBon pesy^mam ilrcilgatilltttt kt'l./" ttpo-us1o)Hocrtt, He/nonutBupottoctn u kt,r*t rrrotnuhupilttocttt HaesukolJurI sHak"

?.2.l.T-euge*Uuuna karn nltotts\o,tttocttt, Hc/notnu9ttpotloctIt tfl e:tu-

ko{Jua sHak e Heo6xogurrao ycnti8ue sa c8o6ogama Ha Heao[Jclmo pae8u-

mue B cucmeMama Ha esuka. Pcyzrmam om rna3u meHgeHllurlmaegect/ul,-/no./tozttsl,tlusnal. Ha AekceMume. Kamo ce u3xo)kga om pa36upaHemo, qe

onpege1rlHemo Ha nputluHHocmma B guaxpoHHomo u_3clegt)aHe e "k1lo-qofia nosuquf ", no36onstiau1a ga ce omkpuflm uMn1ukamutlHume omHo-rueHurr Melkgyeuko[Jume <[akmu B'uB Bperr,remo, npu emuMonoeutlHufl aHa-

Au3 geemuMonoau3au,urlma cleg8a qa ce pa3ele*ga [lt,B flprrska c onpege-ArHemo Ha npuquHHocmma 3a ceMaHmuqHume npoMeHu. Ako e HaûqenpoMrHa B sHaueuuemo Ha qageHa AekceMa, mo[Ja o3HaqalJa, rre 6 gage-uua cuuxpr)HeH pa3pe3 sa esukoBomo c'b3HaHue lrul Betle e HeMonlu6uFraHa.

2.2.2. IIp6m u [JonttnorkHama H a meH geHqurl ma k'bM n p()u3 [JoAHocm,

HeMomuBupaHocm nrcH(leHrryn kuor ttottttt\upauocttt Ha e:)ukobtut :tHok e

9

npoflBa ua Bceo6ulama gualekmuqecka sakoHouepHocm - cmpeMer(a Ha

crrgrrp*anuemo u Qoprvtama kbM Bsaurr.{oc'bom[lemcm[Jue u HeuH pe3yl-mam e pe/ttottut\a4wltrr. ToBa ,IBAeHue B esukosHaHuemo notJeqe e u3-

Becmuir nog mepMuua "uapogua emuMo1oeufl",3aclydreHo noqlaaaH Ha

kpumuka om Hlkou e3ukotJ,egu. O6u\omq Me)kgy q[iama npomufJonolor(-nu npoqeca: geemuMoô?u3allurlma u per.aomuBauuflma e moBa' 'le Bo-qrm go Hapyua8aHe H& c'bu.\ecmByBaulume MukpocucmeMu Ha e3uka u,go

Qoprrrupaue Ha Hotlu MukpocucmeMu, om koemo cneg8a, qe me mprl6Baqa ce pa3?Ae>kgam B mlxHtlmo omH()tueHue c'bc cucmeMHama oPaaHu3a-

tlur Hi nekcukama B eauka. flptx8a Ha meHqeHqurlma krru uomutluPg-Hocm e c'brrlo o6pnsy[)auemo upes MopabeMamuqHa gepuBaqun ua uclBu

gyMu 3a HasoBaHu Eeqe o6ekmu, koumo no 3Haqellue ct Llnagam c'bc 3Ha:qeHuemo ua npoustle>kgaulume au ocHet8u, a ce pa31uqa8am no ekcnrruu,u-paHama cu MomuBupaHocm.

2.3. Krrrnl cr6ulume ceMaHmuqHu sak6Hu tra esuk6BamaeBc-rrrloUurl cq

omHaclm c'rrulo maka truii-o6u1unrc ttuuD[Ja celnaqttul.ultt ttPofieHtt. ko-umo o6aqe He ce onpeqelrtm egHo3HzlttHo om pa3luqHume nuHa[Jucmu. Bqucepmau,urma ce uspasrBa npegnoqunlaHue ktrur cBerkgaHemo Ho c€MiIH:

n"rurtHume npoMeHU uail-o u1cr go g[la muna ,ucnmtfopa (ceuaHmuueHnpeHoc, koImo ce ocHo8a[Ja Ha aHanoaurlma) u /ttetnotiltlt,L (Heocb3HamceMaHmuueH npeH(rc, g'urukaq ce Ha gBt'ukama uHmepnpemau,ufl orn cmpa-Ha Ha cnyuaulurl Ha onfregelenu peue8u koncmpykquu), mrrii kamo mo cetrcnoBa[Jam Ha OmqumaHemo Ha oco6eHtlcmume Ha acoquamu[JHurl xapak-mep Ha MucneHem(), Ha cbulecmf1yflaHemg ua qtJa muna ac()U,uaquu npuaHoceonoau qHomo epynupaHe Hart BAeHurIma om geiicm BumelHtrcrnma : nc)

rnrrxHomo cxollanBo u cbcatJclt[Jo. Takt E mun noqxoq e u,eHeH c mo8a, qe

o6U4ume sakoUouepHocmume Ha ceMaHmutlHanla e8o,tkrqul ce pasale>k-gam Ha kclHqenmyanHa dcHtl[Ja, a "n-lertpuflma gomonko8a e meopu{,_qo-konkomo u salqomo mbpcu u HaMupa eguHcmtSo B ulkaktJo rrauoaoo6pa-zue" (W.Ilacu). Pasane)kqaHemo ua "llapuaquunle" Ha 3HaqeHurlnla Ha qy-

Mume kanro qt,n>kaulu ce Ha ncux()n()auqeckume:akttHu - Ha ac()quaL\u-ume no c'bceqcmtJo u cxgqcmfJtt - tr6lcH-ttBa cnopeO M. flokptl[Jcku :akg-HoMepHur{ uM xapakmep kam0 esuktlfJo nfJneuue.-2.4.

OctleH-u:6poeuume 3akoHoMepHocmu (meuqeHquu) u muno8enpoMeHu, koumo ce omHacr{m qo efionkrqurma Ha Aekcukama kamo qlnclu npu quaxpoHHume AekcukalHo-ceMaHmuqHu u3clequauuq mpr6[Ja ga ceomqumam npu aHanu3a Ha Bctka eqHa nekceMa, 3a ceMilHn:lutlHama pe-koHcnrpykqurr oco6euo L\eHHu ca c'bulo maka cenuutnutttiltnrc ytu$qtcatrut,kounrt'r capcte$ruttttuu:too?petutqaH kyoz tckcenu 6:a[Juut,'tt()cttt ()ttt tttttx'Itfttno ce/ttTltttutko ll :jocJt?olll cb(11ii,*(Hlrclln Ho cL/tlllilrc llpo,'ttctltl.

Kt,u mo:u mun Moeam qa 6rrqanr t)mHeceHu nrakulJa rakoHorr'rep-Hocmu kamo: rlopuupaHemo Ha nominra ltrci clm nomina actionis, Ha nteM-

10

nopa^Harna mepMuHoôaufl om npocmpaHcniBenama, aHmponoMop{rHume,cuHecmemuqHume ruerna<pc-rpu, o6pasyBaHemo Ha a6cmpakmHume 3Haqe-Hu, om konkpemnu, npeo6nagaBauemo Ha cmecH.rl8auemo Ha 3HaqeHu-emo npeg paauupa8aHemo, koumo kamo cmamucmuuHu yHu8epcaluune ca 6eeuskrrkrqumennu.

2.5. Tuitotoeu q cck t t k ptunepr ut ce u:Be>kgam u ot t utoct n aBotlo4rmnmua koukpetilHaftru rckatkatua ce/narunuko. C.Vnuax eu Haputta t'cAyuau

Ha napaê^Ho pas8umue" u omHacr kr,,pt mrlx noBmaprulume ce B paanuu-Hume e3uqu uemarlopurtHu u MemoHuMuLlHu npeHocu, koumo cnopeg He-ao He ca Humo cnyua[uu, Humo Moaam ga 6tgam omHeceHu kr-ru cma-mucmurlHu me ceMaHmuu uu yuuBepcanuu. Teau munorroauqecku oco6e-H(rcmu ua e8cnkrqurma Ha kc-rHkpemHama lekcukarrua ceMaHmuka ce Bu-3upam u BrB QoprrrynupaHur om Eaepc npuHqun, ko[mo anacu clegHomo:"...ako ce cpeulam no-uupoko omcmoflulu egHo om gpyao 3HaqeHur(A, B, C...) ua egHa u cbuta Qopnaa, mo nt p8o mpa68a ga ce ycmauoBumo3u $akm. flon8u Au ce ma3u peguqa om 3HaqeHu, A, B, C... unktgegpyeage, moaa8a He 6uBa ga ce c'bMHl8apre B mo8a, ue rnre*gy 3HaqeHu-rma A, B u C, gopu ako n't,pBoHauaAHO He e omkpuBaeMo, c'uulecm8y8apogcm$o". Tosu N,remog npu emuMonoauqHuff aHalu3 Ha nekcukanHamaceuaHmuka e us8ecmeu kamo "Memog Ha ceMaHrnuqHume napaAeAu".CrNraHrnu.lHu[m napalelus'bM ce cr\[flrna 3a egHo om uafi-crrulecm8euumegokaaamencm6a B emuutrrroeuflma. llopagu mo6a O. H. Tpy6auoBorn6eas a Ba, q e eg uH cm Ben kpumepu[ Ha evranmuuuama prekoucmpykqu emunoôeuflma.

I4 maka, Halaea ce us8og'um, qe npu uscrreg8anemo Ha ceMaHmuq-Hama eBonloqua ua kon ga e nekcerua e ueo6xc-rguMo omqumaHemo kakmoua o6ulume sakoHor\,repHocmu (menger-rquu ulu yHu8epcanuu) ua ce-MaHmuqHun pasBo[, omHacflulu ce no8eqe go npuHqunump, npuquHume uMexaHu3Mume Ha mo3u pas8o[, quemo omqumaHe e 6 coom8emcmBue cnpuHr.liuna Ha uuilopusna B emuMoloeutrma, a maka cbulo u Ha munolo-auqeckume kpumepuu c no-o6ul u no-qacmeu xapakmep, 3acfleaulu clt-goprkaHuemo Ha koukpemuume ceMaHmuqHu npoMeHu. PeaucmpupaHu-me yHu8epcanHu u munonoeuqecku oco6eHocmu HanekcukalHama ceMaH.muka o6aqe I Huko[ czryuail ne mpr68a qa ce a6co,tkrmusupam, koaamoce npa8u onum ga 6rrge perueH gageH konkpemeu Brrnpoc, uo, kakmo kas-Ba C. VnrvraH "xunome3ama, kormo ce c'belacy8a c o6ulama meHqeHqur,uNra no8eqe ruauco8e ga 6rrge npa8urrHa, omkonkomo Bcska gpyea".

3amo8a ocHoBnama pa6oma no paspa6om8aHemo Ha meopurma 3aceMaHmuqHama pekoncmpykqua cleg8a ga 6'uge HacoqeHa kt ru usyuatla-He u cucmeMamu3upaHe Ha <fakmume Ha ceMaHn"luqHama munoloaur, ktvtcrrsqaBaHe Ha nb^Hu cucmeMamu3upaHu cnpa[louHuqu no munoÔaurl Hae8onkrqurma Ha nekcukanHama ceruaumuka. Taku8 peunuk Ha ceMaHmuq-

11

Hama muneloeurl 6u 6un cnpa8ouHukza Basno*rrcnrc B cepraumuqHuspasBo[. BcrrulHtrcm onumu sa koguQuqupaHe Ha ceMaHmuqHama eBon]ro-qufl B nuua6ucmukama ct qecm8y8am u me cc 6asupam Ha pas6upaHemo)ue l'qlaama munoloeufl Ha ceMaHmukama ce ocpoBa8a Ha cuHoHuMurrma"(O- H.Tpy6auo8). Takr8 e HenhnHur{m peuHuk Ha us6paHu cuHOHuMu Haauepukauckun ungoe8poneucm Eok, a cbruo u 3anoqHaluflm ga u3lu3anpea 1979 a. Pe.rHuk no cpa8HumenHa oHoMacuoloaufl Ha lllpuonQep.

3.Btnptrrrm 3a Memogukama Ha ceMaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykqun,Lluflmo kpaiiHa qen tsklb.rBa clmkpu8aHemo Ha eakonouepHocmume HaceMaHmurrHama eBonk'rqur U npulaaaHemo uM npu koHkpemHurr emuMo-AoeuqeH aHalu3, e c8'spsan cbluo maka c Brrnptrca 3a "u:]morlHrttlutne",Ha ocHoBama Ha koumo Moaam qa ce npa8rm meeu lta6nlogeuur, u nomo3u HaquH c 8'unpoca 3a cnoMaaamelHume Mem()qu u nox8amu Ha u3-cneqtJaHe.

3.1. Ha ntrpflo Mrcmo, makrB "u3mo.tHuk" e 6asupflHomo Ha ue:tt1totttttBottoctnrt$xuutto na*qy c:tukoBanm cutapotuM u llttoxpottttfl napa-guaMamuqHo u cuHmaaMamuqHo uscneq8aHe ua lekcukanH:rma ceMaHmu-ka B cuHxpoHeH nAaH 3a uelume Ha guaxpoHHorno ir u:cneg{laue, m'nii ka-rno "munoAoauflma Ha u3MeHeHurma e... npoua8oqHa Ha munonoeurmaHa cbulecfil8y8aqume cbcmolHur Ha eauka'] (X. Xt oHuacBano).

3.l.I Ako ce uaxo>kga om pas6upaHemo, .te t'8crka ucmopuueckacMEHa Ha 3Haq€Hulma uuHa8a npe3 emana Ha nonuceMuflma" (E.Cyum-c'up), mo necno na6lkrgaeMama nopagu cuHx1nnHufl cu xapakmep u.toile.u-Hacot B rckcuko,,tHatna /ilHo?o3Heltuocttt v,ctfl<e ga cny>ku kamo Hage*genucrnoqHuk sa usyuaBaHemo Ha munoloeurrma Ha ceMaHmuqHume npoMe-uu. flpu rnotla o6aqe mpx6tla qa ce omquma Sakmt m, qe u3MeHeuuemo B3HaqeHurlma Ha gyMirma noHrkoaa Boqu goueruecm8aHe Ho c'rrornHolueHu-erncl rtaedrgy t'npekume" HoMuHamu[JHu u ttnpeHrrcHume" 3Ha.teHufl, npukoe mcl n(rcAeqHume, lfjlI[jaiiku ce "npeHocHu" om anegHa mclqka ua ct[J-peMeHHomo Br,anpuamue, He Buuaau... ca makuBa om aleqHa moqka HapealHomo ucmopuqecko pa: [3u m ue na nekcu kama (!,. III rraenrrofJ ) "

3.1.2 B c't,tlpervreHuama nuHatJucnruka ctlt psBaHem() Ha quaxp()HHa-ma u cuHxpoHHama munoloeufl HaMupa npoa8a c'blr4o l) u'tctaglbuHe nu) truesukohutm $a1tuartutbnoctrr t\ cunxp()Hux (rrae>koy y3yalHo u oka:uoHanHo)sa o6scusBaHe Ha eauko8ama quaxpoHul, m'tr[ kamo ce npueMa, .re "[Ja-puauuume B cuHxpoHu, npeqcmaf']rm esuko[Jume np.-,nn"ru 8tB l3perrae-mo" (V. KpoQm). Tosu uscneqotJamencku nogxog Hirnr)cA€e'bk ce sam-Bt p>koa8a noq [Jnuruue Ha ct $preueHHama couuonuHa[Jucmuka u ce onpe-qenrl om pas6upaHemo, qe, kakmo e:uk't,m e BapuamuBeH qHec, maka c'r,-tu,o e 6un [3apuamu{leH u [J rrluHalomo u qe fJcflka esuko[Ja np()MrrHa cenpeetuecmtJa onr BapupaHe fi peunra (V. Ba[npailx, V. Aa6o[3, M. Xep-qoa, [>k. Munpoii, M. Xanuqeti). I,4syua[3aHen-t() ua EapuamuBHocmma Ha

L2

nekcukanuama ceMaHmuka B cuuxpoHur e qeHHo c mttBa, ue parkpuBacaMume MexaHu3Mu Ha nekcukalHo-ceMaHmuqHume npoMeHu. f[pu moBaanpuopHo ce npueMa, qe MexaHusMume, koumo 6 vruuanomo ca qcrBerru

96 MHo>kecm8ci npllt,leHu, ca c'bulume u Moeam ga 6lgam Ha6nklqa8anu B

i'uBpelaeHHomo QyHkquoHupaHe Ha esuka (V. Aa6oB).' 3.1.3. 3a n'u,rrtoqeHHomo uano.rrs8aHe Ha Bcuqku gaHHu ua nekcukazr-

Hama cuHxpoHux 3a ()npegerutHe Ha meHqeHquume u muno8eme ua ceMaH-

muqHume npoMeHu E. Cyumct,p npeglaea omqumaHemo u Ha clyqaumeHailplz,uariuqecka Heottpegetaltourt Ha gyMuqe B gageuu kclumekcmu,kamo nog npaaMamuqHa HeonpegeleHocm pas6upa [Jt.,suo>kHocmma 3a

g8ycvrucneHbnro uur muky'BaHe om cmpaHa Ha clytuaLuurl.- ' OcHo8aHuemo qa ce:aclBopu sa munoloaurlma Ha cuHxpoHuomo Ba-

puamuBuo QyHkquoHupaHe Ha nekcukanuama ceMaHmuka u Ha nekcukan-Hama MHoao3HatrHocm kamo npegcmaBaulu munoloauflma Ha guaxpoH-Htrme ceMaHmuqHu npoMeHu npou3muqa om pas6upaHemo, qe me ce q'bl-*<am Ha egHu u cbulu npuquHu, omHacsulu ce kakmo go yezro0uama 3a

BbsHukBaHemo Ha caN,rume npovreHu, makau o6yeaa0auu-elucmeMHurl uMyapakmep. Cnopeo T. Euuon npuquHama 3a npoMrHama Ha 3HarleHurlmaHa qyMume ce cogt,prka tsrr$ Qakma, .le "c'bulecm$y$a enenaeHm Ha npe-k'uiHamtrcm vre>kgy kogupauem.', om cmpaHa na ao[iopetqux u Qekooupa-Hemo om cmpaHa Ha cnyuaruufl", uAu, kakmo m8t,pgu oqe X. Xuonua-cBang, ceMaHmuqHume u3MeHeHu, - mcl8a ca npeguMHt'r "uskpuBlBaHufl,nos8r8auu ce npu sauN,{cm8aHemo om eguH qualekm B gpya (a cuulo uom eguH coquolekm 6 gpyu - )(. K.), npou3muqaulu om nenpa8u,ruomopas6upaue (misunderstanding)", m. e. npuquHume sa esukoBama eBoakl-lus ca B esukoBama cuHxpoHufl u me ca egHu u ctulu kakmo sa esuko8u-me Bapuaquu, maka u 3a cmaHalume Qakm eaukoBu npoMeHu. Oc8eu mo-Ba ce om6enfls8a, qe npuquHama 3a cucmeMHocmma Ha nekcukalHamanonuceMurl B cuHxpouurl u Ha ceMaHmutlHume nPoMeHu B guaxpouul, koa-mo ce npoa8n8a upes rlakmurle Ha peaylrtpHume n'rema<|opuqHu u Memo-HuMuttHu npeHocu, mpl68a ga ce mbpcU I sakoHoNlepHocmume Ha Mema-

QopuuHomt'r u MemoHuMuttHomo cmpykmypupaHe Ha qo8eukomo Bts-npurmue ua c8ema, koemo om c8on cmpaHa e pe3ynmam om onuma, qe

k6aHumuBHume u luHatJucmuqHume kameaopuu ca u3oM()p$au, koeuu'ntuhrulnm ailapot,, c nto:)tt, kortnrc cntpyknryltttpa nkcuko,4lttnta ce/uaH-

muka B atrxpcttuttt t.t gLtaxporum (8. Qrumctp). [umupam ce u gpyau nuHe-

Bucmu, koumo Ha1uquemo Ha ceMaHmuquu sakoHoMepHocmu B esuka o6qc-urBam c npuquHu om ncuxonoauqeckoecmecmBo(C. MnageHoB, B. A6aeB).

3.1.4 Om6enssBa ce, qe Bprrskama cuHxpoHu, - guaxpoHurl npu ce-MaHmuqHama pekoxcmpykqul ie npolBlBa u npu aHanu3a Hacltttttto?.aa-nu.tq Htu na anpyk t t tyyttt, kourno o6pasy$am esuko8ume eHako[Ju equHurlu.I{umupam ce prueHus Ha zruuafJucmu, koumo pasane*<Qam kamo no[Juua-

13

piu.1 cuaypHocmma Ha emuMoloauqH omo PgueHûlkpumepuil g!rukuna-ma Ha p"li.rn"*pyupaHama ifoprraa (8. B. I4BauoB, I. A. Eoaamo8a). flpufnakrr$noqxog na usc,tegBaHe aHalu3bm na gigeua nposBogua glvla MO=

>ke ga cmaue usmo.lHuk ia paskpu[laHe Ha "uelkgut-tHomo sBeHo" B cruuc-,rrofJomo pas 8u nr ue u a rnrom u Bupaula ma r{ geemuMoloau3 u paH a Hen pou3-

Bgqna gir"Ia, Ktlrra mosu acnekm ce omHacfl ctlulo omqumaHemo na ak-mul]Hum" cuHmakmuqHu [JaAeHmHOcmu Ha u3cleqBaHama rrekcerua B ga-qeHu cuHmaaMamuqHu cnrpykmypu, nopagu koemo B ucmopuueckamarrek-iukonozus mrlxHomo uscnbg8aHe ce onpegel, kamo usk,rk>lumelHo Ba>k-

ncl (VI. F{ernleq). Par6upaHenro sa ueo6xoguMocmma-om omqumaHe Ha cuH-

maeMamuqHume Bpt sku na usc4egBauama nekcevra B emuuonoauqHu, aHa-

Au3 ce cogr,,pi<a u B npe$no*<euus om E. EeH3enucm nogxog ua uscnegBa-

He Ha koHm-ekcmume, B k6umo mn ce ynompeSn8a, koilmo ce Momu8qpac mo[3a, .le "3HaqeHuemo Ha ,tuHa8ucmurtHama i[oprvla ce onpegeruI omqflAama crrf3kynHocm ua ue [tuume ynompe6u, om ue[uama gucmpu6yqutu npou3n-Iuqaulume om Hert ntuno8e Bp'usku".

Ont crrulecmtJeHo 3HaqeHue sa ceMaHmuqHama pekoHlmpyktlul e

uacneg[Sauemo u Ha r]pase6,,roauqHume eguHutlu, koemo ce,noouepmaBaom p"-ouua ,tuna8ucniu kamo P. Eygaaof], B. Maxek, B. Mepkyno8a, P.

Ekepm.' 3. 1.5 HenponrutltrntrcmaBrtuemo naerkgy culD(poHHurl u quaxpoHHur

ceMaHntutteH aHalu3 npegnolaaa cblll,o maka om.qumaHemo npu guaxpo-HHOm() ceMaHmuqHo uicneg BaHe u Ha y// t $epca n tut ne ua gl ec k Tt t t.t t t t tt t [h m-t t ta ce fi e H tt u t k tt, kctu mo ca c8r,pa au u c yanoitant I oaruna 8r,[t r[yHkUut)Hu-paHemo ua eeuka. Eeuko8ama cucrneMa e$orrkrupa, Bapupailku B n.,rau Ha

tuHxpt,Hun, u6 B onpggeleHu apaHuqu, npolEa[lailku onpeQeneHa ycmoil-.luBrrcm [J cr-,omtJen-rcnrtJue c gaqeHu cmpykmypHu oco6eHtrcmu, xapakme-pu3upaulu ce kanro yuuBepcanHu. fltlgxtlgbm Ha pasane>kgaHe Ha esuko-Bama ycmoiiuu$ocm kamo 6asa sa usyua8aue Ha esuktltJume npoMeHuHaMepu npuno>keuue B cr,t3peveHHanta coquoluHa8ucmuka, Ho qoceaa He

e HaMepun npuno>keHue npu quaxpoHHume uscnegBaHurl Ha nekcukanHa-ma cerr4aHnruka.

Tunonclau.teckomo u:yuaBaHe Ha cmpykmypapa Ha ceMaHmuttHtl-me no1ema, us$6qume omH(rcHo oapaHuqeHurlma u yuutlepca1uulTle, om-Hacflu.r,u ce kakm6qo quc1eHocmma Ha ct cma$nulume eu AekceMu, makau go koHkpemHurt uM ceMaHmuqeH "nb1Hei<", ktlento e c[3r,,psttHo c om-kpuBaHemo ua ycmoiiqu[Jomo [l eauka, ycnopegHo c omqunlaHenlo u Ha

gaHHume Ha ceMaHnluqHufl napaênu3'btr,l rraO>ke ga 6tqe usnt'lrrs{lauo kirnrcr

kpumepuii :a nrt[Juua$aae o(taktntil)ttoctttttto Ha enluMol()L]uLtHonlo u3-

cnegSaHe.3.2. Kamo "usmt'rqHuk" sa usyqil$aHe Ha ceMaHmutlHama munono-

aul ce nocclq[Ja u utulttbt4lyotut{tnto pav. Togu n()qx()q ce ocHof iatJa Hit npu-

14

eMaHur anpu()pHo nocmylam, .le "uHqu[JugyanHume u coLluaAHume npo-t{dcu 8 esuka ci noguuHn8am ua egHu u clrulu rakonornrdpHocnlu" (8. Vc-ileucku) u ua pas6upaHemo sa koauumu[JHanra o6ycnoBeuocm Ha sakoHo-MepH()cn't u me B nekcukanH o-cerraa Hm uq H a m a guaxpoHu rl u cu H x poH utl.

': ,t 3.2.1Kamo ce uiumupam MHeHu, Ha nuua8ucmu omHocHo uttguBu-

$yarrHur xa pakmep'Ha eeu lio8u me u3MeHe H u rl, npQgcmaBu 8a utu n{ pBo-Hhqalno apeuku (0.goo Coclop, B. B. BunoapagoB,.[:k. EoH<fttnme, E.Ai Cene6nenukoB. M. M. Mako8cku..I[*. Munpo[ u qp.), ce ynrlJrrprkqa-A. Cepe6peuukoB, M. M. Ma u, A)k. Munpo[ u gp.), ce ynrlfirpd<ga-8a u gel ma, ue Ha6nkr geHurl ma Ha g pa3nutl nu o k ttstto uatuu t t t t l l t lh trya.4Httyitotttpc(ru B o6nacmma ua nekcukama ca qeHeH usmoqHuk sa uilyuaBaueHa munoôeurlma Ha H()MuHaquflma u Ha MexaHu3Ma u mun()A()ilurlma Ha

ceMaHmuqHume npoMeHu, koemo e B ct-,om8emcmBlie c'bltlo maka c Henpo-ntuBonocmaBluemci r.ae>kgy Qakmume Ha ceMaHmuqHama BapuamuBuocrnI cuuxpc-rHu, u Ha eBonbqurma Ha ceMaHmukama B guaxpotlul. I4nguBu-gyalHOmo Bapupane [3 peuma e ynuBepcalHa meHgeHu,urt, c()tl,uillu3upaHanponBa Ha kormo ca qua,tekrnume (E. Cenup)..flcHo e, ue uHgutiugtm, Ieguu akm ua cno8omBopuecm8o u.te urnonsBa coqualHo sam[hrpoeuumeMogelu u muno$e, m. e. coqualHomo ule ce npol8u upes uHqu[fugyalHomo,Ho mo e u ueao8 npogykm. ToBa osHa.ra8a, ue B ungu8uoyalHunle peueBuynompe6u peeyl.apHocmma B ceMaHmuqHume npoMeuu u I HoMuHaquoH-uus akm e c'bnocmaBurua c nopntamu6Hama.3a makaBa ct nocmaBuMocmcBugemencm8am u ncuxoluna8ucmuquume ekcnepuMeHmu, koumo cno-peg B. I. fak nomBr,p>kga6am yHuBepcanHocmma Ha ceMaHmuqHumempancQopMaquu.

B emupronoeuqHomo u3cnegBaHe mpr68a qri ce omqunra u Sakmt m,rre MHoeo Om crr8peueHHume gyMu B eeuka ca pe3y^mam oll'l {onemuuHu,QoprraanHu u ceMaHmuunu uakpu8r8auus u apeuku, ErrsHukHanu npu npe-nuc8auemo u npe8ed<gaHemo na gpetlnume nucMeHu naMemHuqu nopaguHe6perkuocmma ulu HeepaMomHocmma Ha npenuc[laqunte. flpu mesuapeuku cmeneHma Ha peayupHocm e MHoeo no-Manka om HopMamu8Hama.

3.2.7 VlnmepecHu Ha6nkrgeHufl npu u3yqa8aHemo Ha sakoHorvlepHoc-mume u MexaHu3Mume Ha eBonkrqurrma uazrekcukanHilrna ceMaHmuka rvro-

eam ga ce ue8t pruam u Brpxy uuguhugyatHunrc ilpotwctt ua npugofifiaue(language acquisition) u saeyfla ua esuka (language loss), koumo no omHo-rueHue ua eaukoBama e8onlot{ufl ce pa3ane>kgam kamo "vrukpoeBonkcuu-oHHu npoLr,ecu" - nogxog, ko[mo goceaa He e H.lMepun npuno>keHue B

emuMonc)auqHume uscnegBaHux.Momu6upa ce ueo6xoqllMocmma om onucuaHe u cucmeMamu3upa-

He Ha eonrMo kcxuqecmSo gemcku peue8u ynonrpe6u c omktoHntJaula ceom HOpMamuBuama cetraHmuka, koemo 6u utlano ga x8r-,pnu c8emnuuaBtpry ceMaHmuqHama munoloaufl Btrcl6ute u, koemo e ueklk:rqumeAHC)

ueHHo, Brpxy n exaH t B.a t u r t c,Ha caMu me npoMen u.

15

3.3. Oni npuaHa8aHenlo Ha cucnleMHUl Xapakmep Ha nekcUka,tUt-r-

ceMaHnluquama e&lnkrqurl, koento npeQcma$,tl[Ja rulemoqo1oeuqeH npuH-

qun? u om HenpomutJontrcmatlrtHemo Y".ESy erukoBamil cuHxp()Hurl u qu-

axpoHurl npou3mgttil C'bUlO maka usuckf3aHemo 3a npunai]aHe HA atCttrc',ttitt ,,o11xni1 B guitxpttHuume ceMaHmuqHu uscr\eq[]auul, ktriimo MH(13uHa

,oprro* ,izpyin$a 1rckoiurryryk4Lr"z',, npomugontrcma[Jrriiku u xa "amoMap-

Hama,,. B niasu Hacoka ce o<fclpulnr qBa c1,utecnr$eHo pa3nuqHu noqxoga:

om egHa cnlpaHa uscneg8aH-urima Ha nekcukama ce usflt ptullam tl parlaku-

me Ha cru:nti.,uoo61tu,tyiott1,ttne etyuttttl)a uo ,tekutkttrttnttn YtBIutup; ,tek'cukanH o-ceMaHnlu qHama apyna, cuHOHUMHull peg, ceMaHnlutl Hanra Uu k-p(rcucme Ma, aHnloHuMHume u qepuBaquoHHume peoirBe u, onl gpyea - not t rc rfi o t t u t tt t t t t ? l )y nt t (o6eguHeHur Ha t)cuo[Jama Ha ekcmpanuHa[Jucm uqen

kpunrepuii).3.3.'l Oc}rotJaHurrma aa cmpykmypHurl nogxoq, koiinro ce npunaaa

npU guaxpoHHonl() U:cneqBaUe Ha uK:tttc,'ttOo1ptt tyqattYtttt.c.cyJttttc:ttt.$n nt,ikcirk,,-i,trtrrttt 1xt{ltruup, cekopeHlm [l paa6upaHemo, qe "8olka no[la gy-

vra Br,sHuk{la [i npeceuHan'la mtlqka Ha peguqa cucnleMu... u ako caMo tloegHa gyMa e 6eakpaiiHo mpyqHO qa ce Hanpa8u sak^krqeHue 3a n()p()quAu-

me fl cucmeMu, mo, akO ce uMam npeofluo Hlktlnko c[h'paauu egHa c gpy?a

gyMu, qa ce Hanpil[lu makttlJa:ak,,rklqeuue e 3HitqumeAH() n()-npoct11cl' 3a-

tu,r'rnrtr-[Jrr: pttukuocnrnla 3a M HOe()3Haq Ha uHrnepn pe nlaqurl plsktl ce

ct kpaulaBa, a koHntpoAHume cpeOcnl[]a sa npotlepka Ha ucnluHH()cnInlaHa qaqeHama entuuoôaufl Hapacntllant" (B. H. Tonopg[l). floguepma8ace, qe npu mo3u mun quaxpoHHu ceMaHnluqHu uscnegBa-Hurl e fJrrsrtatllkHt-l

npunaeaHemo Ha uscneqtttlamenckurl anapan'l onr- paapa6omeHunle fl gec-

kpunmu8Hama ceMaumuka mepMuHu u Memogu, ktlumoce ocno[JaBam na

pis6u pa Herno 3a cucnteMHo-cmpykmypHama opeaHu3a u,url ua nekcukan-Homo pa$nuule Ha eauka. Om6enss[Ja ce, qe Memoqume Ha ktrxanoueHm-Hul u Oucmpu6ymu8uus aHanu3 HilMupirnr npuno*.euue tl uacneg[laHurlmana E. benllLHubm, H.VI. Toncm.li, I4. Heueq, B. Enauap. I-[umupa ce u

MHeHuen"lo na O. H. Tpy6autl8, kofimtl ce uska:[Ja ckenmuqHtr ()mHocH()

paencukuuc)cmn'la Ha nekcukaAH()mo 3HaqeHue Hil CeMaHn-lutlHu ktluntlHeH-mu npu u:cneqllaHern() My B quaxpoHurr u npegn()quma tloprvrynupaHulom H. ,t1,. Lllnlenrroll "npuHqun Ha gu(rysH()cmmu Ha 3HarleHurlnla Ha MHt)-

eo3HaqHama qyMtl", kitiirno cttulrla :ti npuncl>kuM npu ope[3Hunre ceMaH-

mutlHu pekonimpykquu. f[pu makr,['l noqxoq 3HaqeHuento ce pir3eAe*gakamo wincl u ce ua6nlt?a Ha "nt',cnleneHH()cmma, na "apaQyaAHocnlnta" Ha

u3MeHeHUe Ha U,rlA()nlo 3Ha,ieHue""3.3.2. Krrrnl 6asupaHume Ha cucmeMHul xapakmep Ha nekcukama qua-

xpoHHu uscneq$auurt ce npuqucrul[3am u uscneqlJaHurlma Hn qy,4ttt, ?l)ttttt-p?r,tu tto c,ttto1pt:rybatttc./tttt ttlttt:truk,kak[Junrtl Haii-o6qo ca uacnegflaHu-flma no ucnt()puqecko cno[JotJ6paeytlaHe. ilocoqtJa ce, qe cno(lcxr6paay8a'

t6

melHurrm aHalu3 e eguH om acnekmume Ha emuMoloauqHomo usc,tee8aue,ue rlocma8r{Hemo Ha gyMama B onpegeneu czro8oo6pasy8ame,reH peg eocHo8uo npaBuno Ha emuMoaoeuqHurr aHalu3 u ruorke ga ce u3nols8a kamoHeao8a omnpaBHa mcluka, qe egHa om mpygHume 3aqaqu Ha emuMolo-euqHomo uscneq8aHe e "omx8'upnrHemo ua uo6ume cno8oo6pasytlamen-Hu HacnorBaHurr" ((Dp. C,raBcku). Tncr-ro c8rpaaH c't c cno6oo6pasy8amen-Hu, aHanu3 B euaxpouuomo u3cleg8aue na aekcukama e ruoptlouoloeuq-Huflm aHalu3, npeqnolaealrl onpeqelr.Hemo Ha QoutxoeuqHume peoyfla-Hufl u Ha rrurxHama 3HaquM(rcm B paanuuuume cmpykmypHu MOgeAu. I[oq-uepma8a ce cbule maka u Heo6ioguMocmma t m ur"rr"g8aHJ Ha Bapu-amu[JHocmma B c,ro8oo6paay8amelHama cmpykmypa ua nekcerrlume qpe3uscnegBaue Ha BapuamuBuocmma ua cyQukiume B pgHokopeHHume n-ek-ceMu c mu*gecm8euo cno8oo6paay8amelHo 3HaqeHue, npu kclemo Eapu-amu8xocmma kamo nokaeamen sa gpe8Hama qleHuMocm Ha nekceuumee Bukna npu onpegen Hemo xa npouaBe>kgaulama ocuo8a u Ha nt p8uuHa-ma uomu8upaH(rcm Ha u3HaqalHama <fopr'ra ()K. Bap6om).

Ktu omqumaulume cno8oo6pasyBamenHama cmpykmypa Ha qyMa-ma uscrreg8aHurl ce omHacr u meopu{ma ua Iluptl sa "rrrbpr},oceMaHmuq-Hume" nonema, cn()peq kosmo gyr"rumd ce epynupam Ha ocHo{Jama ua o6-lqHocmma Ha ceMaHmukarna u r'aopQerrlHurr cu cbcmaB." I]umupam ce ugpyau rruua8ucmu kamo X. Bap6om, B.Ila8en, P. I-(eilmnuu, koumo go-pas8u6am ma3u me()pu, urt npunaaam npu u3cleg8aHe ua rrekcuka,tuamaceuaHmuka.- 3.tj bpeo emurrar)AoauqHume uscnegBauua uup.k() ca pa3npocm-paHeHu c'bulo uscneqBaHurrma no nrc,uatniutttu ?pynu (unu "ceuaHmuqHunolema" no mepMuHoloauflma na Tpup - mepMuH c nouupt'lko 3HaqeHue),npegcmaBrraBaulu o6eguHeHurr om gyMu, koumo rraakap u ga ca c[3rrp:auuno 3HaqeHue kamcl qleHflLrlu 6es ocmamt k gageHo ceMaHmuqHo nole, c'b-om8emcm6aulo Ha onpeqeleHo noHrmu[Ho nole, ocHo['lauuemcl sa o6e-guuaBauemo uM e o6ulHtrcmma Ha ekcmpanuHa6ucmuqHume peanuu, on-pegelrlrlu mo8a noHsmu[Ho none. flopagu cl6ycloBeH(rcmma cu on'l o6ek-muBHama qe[cmBumeAH()cm meMamuqHume epynu ca AuueHu om cuc-meMHocm B cc'6cm6eHoesukotJurr cMUCbA - Qrk-, koiimoce noguepmaBaom peguqa esuko8egu (P. Eygaao8;0. OunuH), nopagu koemo c'r,uleqm-ByBam MHeHur, ompuqaulu qe,rec'uo6pa3Hocmma Ha guaxpoHHume cenraH-muqHu u:clegBaHurr no meMamuqHu apynu (8. Hukono8).

B oucepmaqurma ce 3auluma8a mesama 3a u,enec'bo6pasHocmma HaemuMoloeugHqme uscneq8aHufl no meMamuqHu apynu, rntil kamcl n-leMa-muqHama apyna npume>ka8a gpyau npu3Hau,u Ha cucmeMHocm, kak8umoca: c't ulecmBytlaHemo na arcu,ruf ttqttu 'takotto,ttcpHocnut ll truqtufi 3a trc-/ttLtLtot|ufl u ctoqoo6pnsytlaua, koemo ce noqqepmaBa Om esuko8equ kamoB. Mepkyno8a, B.llatlen, !. Cemapo8, T. BeHquHa, Halulluemo Ha oco(te-

L7

Htt cuu,,m?,uattutttuu tt gelu$ntqttotuur Bltu:tkrr (H. A. IIlrraenuo8), a cbulo u

Hanuq uemo ua y ru fi a 1 rc ult, ru omHoc rto c t t tpyk mypa n ta u npl4ttr lr t t t t u n e ua k a'nrczopusotuttt Ha ceMaHmuqHomo nole, 3a koumo cmaHa 6t nptrc u no-eo-pe (E.Anoepctn).

floqqepma8a ce, qe npu emuMoloeuqHume u:cneg8aHul B par'aku'me Ha meMamuqHama ?pyna He Moeam qa ce nocma[hm usuckBaHut sa

sagt rukumenuo flceo6xlJamHomcl uscrreg8ane ua a6ct'rnklmHo Bcuuku npu-uagne>kau1u krrrra gageHama meMamurtHa apyna uaaBaHuR, kakBomt-r u3uc-kBaue cr,ulecmfly8a :i',mnocrro uscneg6aHunma no nekcukaAHo-ceMa Hmuq-Hu eBynu, mtI kamo moBa He 6u ce ompa3ulo Ha o6ekmufJnocmma Ha

cauom,, uscnegtlaue3.4.Kamcl gpya "ulmo.tHuk" Ha ceMaHmuqHama pekoncmpykqus I

emuMoloeuq Hume uscneg Bauu, ce pa3ane >kgam E1

ua ta k n m n rc u po g a nA e -

tuune e:tuttu. L(umupam ce peguqa aBmopu, noguepma[laulu fJa*HocmmaHa gaHHu me Ha rruHa [Joaeoa pa<ful ma 3a quaxpoHHume nekcukanHt)-ceM aH-

mulrHu uscnbg8auur (P. il. ABaHecoE; O. H. Tpy6auott; IO. B. Omkyn-uluko8;M. A. Eopoquua, B. f. fak; I'. fl. KlenukoBa u gp.).

3.4.I Om egHa cmpaHa, gaHHume Ha nuuaflucmuqHanla aeoapa<f ul B

c'bqemaHue c munoloeu"leckufl kpumepuii ca u,eHHu 3a guaxp()Hllume u3-cne g BaHur H a rrekcukanHa ma ceu aHnru k a I stt ulomo n pe gc ma [lu B am p as -

?bpHanm $ tryxtctttpouctttlJottto (lttupotttttt. Pas6upauemo 3a uHmepnpema-qusma na <poprrlartHo-ceMaHnluttHama [lapuamuEHocm Ha nekceuama B

npocmpaHcrnBomo kamo (rakm Ha e3uko8ama guaxpoHurl u nopagu mo8akamo uamoqHuk ea ue[uonro u:yuatlaHe ce crrgop*a u B ugelma Ha P. A"EygaaoB, ue pa:arrelkqaHenl() na uscneg8aHama eyua 8't 8-"tlr',8 Bprt,ekume

ir c'tc c't,om[Jemuume gyMu ()m qpyeu ptlqcm6eHu e3uqu" e usrntl'lHuk aa

paskpuEaHe Ha "Mei<qullHonl() 3BeHtt" I ne[uttmo ctuucaotJo paaBumue.flpu mtltla o6a.re, kakmo npeoynpe>kgaBa M. M. MakotJcku, koucnrama-qusma Ha pa3luttHo cbq'bp)kaHue Ha eqHa u cbula Qopr.aa ue 6u8a ga cepaaane>kea kamo qoka:anrencm8o so npuquHHa u/unu 13perraeuna Bpr-,ska

uMeHH o Ha q aqeH u me 3 Hati eHurl B on pegbneua rioczreqttt3a menuocm. flpu-Aaeauemo u Ha qaHHume Ha ceMaHmuqHama munolclzurl B cnyqa, tue u?-pae peuatlalqilma ponrl u e [Ja>kuo Ecuqku crrtqecmlly8aulu npu npocm-paHcm[3eHc)m() u3cneqfJaue ua esuko8ul MamepuaA 3HaLleHurl qa ca usEo-quMu om npeqnonaeaeMomo "nr,,ptlouauaAHo" 3HatleHue, aktl ue ce gtlkas-Bam omHoureHurl Ha oMoHuMua rure>kqy rukou orn mrtx.

3.4.2 Om .qpyea cmpaHa, gaHHume Ha HapoqHume atrtltlpu kamo ";ku-Ba na6opamopufl Ha esuka, k'nqemo Bcu.lko npomutla ncl Hail-ecmecm[JeHu:lHaquH" (8. flat3en) ca Haqei<qeH u3moqHuk sa usyuaBaHe Ha MexaHu3Ma ucpeqcm[la nril ua e:uktr[Jama HopluHaqufl .

3"4.3 Om6eruts['la ce, qe ua ocHot']ama Ha apealHul kpunrepuii ce npa-tSlm u:llr,qu ()mH()cH() apxiruttHul unu uHtltlaqu()HHurt xaplkmep Ha qaqe-

18

Ha AekceMa. O6utous8ecmHu ca onumume Ha HeoluHa[Jucmukama ga yc-maHo8 u ga Bucurraocm rnre>k gy omHocu melHa ma xpoH ()Aoe ur na esu kc,Bu-me s8neuua u aeoapa<|ckomo omparkenue Ha mrrxHama ucmoput. TakaHanpuMep M. Eapmolu ycmaHo8lEa ryrna [epapxun om safJucurrarrcmu (kc>umo cMrma noBe,re ra fiepolmnu omkonkomo 3a a6co,tkrmHu),n_,r;>kgy ae-oaparluama u xpoHono?urrma Ha psuko8ume eneMeHmu (omHocHo cbxpa-ruBauemo Ha apxausrulume u ntu8ama Ha uHo8aquu). a uueHuo: apxaus-MuJne ce c'bxpaHrr[Jam oSukHo8euo a) 6 no-ueolupaHu o6zracmu, 6) tt ne-pu<fepuilHu o6nacmu, B) B no-o6tuupHu o6nacmu, a) B no-uoBu (cnopeqkonoHusaqulma) o6Aacrnu, g) ueuesHalomo esuko8o gBneHue kamo npa-Qrn.l-: no-cmapo om saMeHunomo ao (mo8a He e aeoapa<pcku rlakmclp).Tpx6Ba qa ce uMa npeo8ug o6aue, qe ako "pasktcaHocmma" Ha apea,ra-aazrekcervrume e kpumepu[ sa rn x]amaapxauqHocm, mo no omHorueHue HazrekcukanHo-ceMaHmuqiume BapuaHmu, xapakmepu3upaulu ce kamo Bmc>pu1!u HOMuHaLluolrHu cpegcmBa, moeu kpumeputi e vranko Hage>koeu (I-.A. I-(uxyH). floguepma[3a ce, .te 6e: qaHHume Ha nuHaBucmuqHama ?eoe-paSur He uo>ke ga 6t,ge peueH u npo6nerratm sa sauMcnr[}auutma.

3.4.4 \aanume Ha,tuua[JucmuqHama aeoaparful ga8am ocuo8auueB emurraonoeuqHume usc,teqtJaHurr qa ce npuâaa u. QoprraylupaHurm omp. Ceue-peHu kpumepuii, ko[mo alacu: "ako Hanuquemo Ha gageHa gyMaB uHgrrctlpone[ckufl npaesuk ce eapaHmupa om ue[Hama npeocmalten6cmB aoaapra qacm om e3uqume u oco6eHo &mrrxHama nepurpepux, He[u{rmo(npegno,raaaernro) omcucmBue [l .npe geneH eeuk urr"ktJ, obrcnq BaHemoHa mo3u Qakm".

- 3.4.5 flpu na6nktqeHurlma c oHoMacuoloauqHa HacotleH(rcm Hag Ha3-Bauusma 3a onpeqeneu ileuomam B npocmpaucm8omo Moeam qa ce npa-Brm usBoqu on'rHocH() mlxHama/ctttoiiqu\,ocn, uAu gturu,4ut3.tttt,np,.uBx-BatU ce qpe3 pa3Hoo6pa:uemo uM, ktrcmo trm c8crricntpaHa e BarkHc', saonpegeMHe ua g8u>keulume culu Ha mrrxHama e8olkrqun. flpuuuHa eaguHaMu3Ma ua Ha^:8auurnla, kakmo 6etue nc'rcoqeHO no-eope, ruo>ke qa 6t -qe meHqeHuurrma ktrra ekcnpecu8uocm, u3pa3umelHocm, o c'bul,n makaMoaam ga cbulecm8y8am u nputruHu om ma6yucmuqeH Xapakmep. BuHaaumpa68a qa ce uMa npeoBuq mo8a, qe c.t,aqa8aHem() Ha Hotio nas[iaHue:aBeqe ua:oBaH qeH()mam He e cnyqaeH rpakm u uMa cfJorma :akoutlrraepHanputruHa, kcumo mpi68a ga 6roe omkfiuma. Omkpu8aHemo Ha npuuuna-ma ule uMa HacoqBaul xapakmep kt rra onpege^sHemo Ha muna HoMuHaqurrHa uscneqBaH0m() Ha:Banue.

PaaHoo6pasue rvro>ke qa ce koHcmamupa u tl cr,ulecm(ly[laHemo uagaqeua nekceva B pa:nuuHu r{roHemuuru u cnrl8txr6pa;y8amenHu quanek-mHu BapuaHmu. Kaknro om6erura8a B. Maxek, mol3a'lo6ukuo[JeHd e c8u-qemencm[Jo sa HelHun ekcnpecutluur xapaknrep" u rfropuaAH() ce npouEl-Ba upes {>ouemuuHa u ruoprlronoauqHa HepeeylrpHocm.

19

Om6erutsBa ce c'btrlo maka, qe Ha (rcHoBama Ha gualekmen Mame-pual, us[JneqeH om cbulecrn8yBaulume qualekmHu cnpa8ouHuqu, B uuo-eo clyqau e Het3rranao>kHo npulaaaHemo Ha cmpykmypHgrl nogxog npu u3-

crreq8aHemg Ha nekcukalHama cenaaumuka' satUomo n6Seqenro gua,tekm-

nu inpaBoqHuuu ca gu$epeHqualHu, a kakmo ocuo8antenHo nocoq8amunkou eauko8equ, sa esukotJomo c'b3Hallue Ha Hocume1unle Ha aotiopumeguanekmuu qyMu He coqecm8ytJam * me Brrusam B cucmevrnu omHotue-Hur c,kHu>kotiuume gyMu (O.l[. Ounun;T. Eotgil<ueB).

PaeanegaHume "u3mo.lHuqu" Ha ceManmuqHama prekoHcmpykqul (Ha

omkpu8aHe Ha munoloaurlma Ha ceMaumuqHume npoMeHu u HoMuHaqufl-ma) - eauko8ama cuHxpoHurl c uelHug napaguaMamuqeH u cuHmaaMamu-qeH acnekm, ctlepama Ha uHgutlugyanHume peuetlu vnompe6q kamo o6-pa3qu Ha ceMaHrnuqHume npoMeHu u HoMuHaLlUu, apyno[3ama pekoHcm-pykqua $ par'rkume Ha cucmeMt-ro6pasy8aulume equHcmtJa Ha e:uka u nct

merraamuqHu ?pynu kamo o6ekitrufJusupaulo xunolne3ama c[Egcm8o, np(rc-

mpancmBeHume qaHHu 3a pa3np(rcrnpaHeH(rcmma u Bapuamu[Jncrcmma uanekcukanHume eguHutl,u - qacmuqHo ce npecutlam u nopagu mei8a He np€g-cma8a.u[Jam noauqecku eguHHa cilcmeua. Taka r-ranpur'aep Bprrskama cuH-xpoHurl * guaxpoHu, kamg "uemoqHuk'2 sa Ha6nkrq.gHurl u us$ggu B gua-xpoHHomo ceMaHmuqut't uscnegsaHe HaMupa npcxitla u B apy4o8ama pe-k6Hcmpykqufl, u npu uecaeqBauemo Ha unqu8ugyanHurne okaauoHaluuynompe6u. To[3a, kou uemo.rHutlu qe 6rrqam uenona8aHu npu peua[laue-mo Ha gageHa koHkpemua emuMoloauqHa 3aqaqa sa8ucu npegu Bcu'lkoom uscnegt3aHufl Mame puan. 3a Bceku koHkp.rcmeu cnyua[ e Barkuo r"rakcu-Ma Homo uenons[JaHe na Bcuqku tJr,:vo>kHu "u3nltluHuqu" Ha ceMaHmurt-Hama pekoHcmpykuul c uel nocmui:aHe Ha uakcunaanHa o6eknlu8H(rcm Ha

Qrlprr,rynu paHama xu n()nre3a.4. B oucepmau,ulma ce npatlu o6o6upHuemo, qe Memogbm Ha ce-

MaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykqux * m6[Ja e Memoq, koiimo ycntlfJuo'vtctrkega 6rrqe HapeqeH Memoq Ha ucmgpuko-ceMacuo1oaurlHama muno1o?url UALI,

ktremtr e c'bLq()nr() - -aattnq tto ca,fiotlttlttqtmtll( ttltltlo/lo?tw, mt ii kamo,munonoaurrma Ha eBonklqulma Ha ceMaHmukama B guaxpouufl e npou3-6ogua Ha munoloeurlma Ha ceMaHmukama B cuHxpoHurl. Ttru Mernt)q uMa3a nleopemuqHa 6aea pa:6upaHem() 3a Haluque Ha onpeqeneuu aakclHt'r-

MepH( )cnlu, meHgeHquu, pe?yrur pHocmu (nog rltlpr'la ma Ha ceMaHnlutl Hu

napanenu ) [J nekcu kanHo-ceMaHnluqHama quaxpoHurt u, kamtl kpa[Ha qelnpeqnonaaa onrkpuBaHem() Ha me3u aakoHoMepH()cmu, meHqeHquu, peey-

AJrpHocmu u npuna?aHemo uM ['l koHkpemHomo uacneg[laHe. Kpumuky8ace mBr,peeHuenro Ha A. Eeneqku, ue ,rekcukanHama ceMaHlrluka 6 quaxptl-Hur cneqfJa qa ce u3flatla upes cpa[1Humerulo-ucmopuqeckurl Menlc)E. Cpat]-HUrTleAHorUcmopu.teckurtnt Menl()q uMa 3a o6ekm Ha u:c.,recltJ'nHe .il(tttrcPtt-

20

aiilonto nft*oeaillJo 6 pa,,ttkunrc ua noptrtenanru.floq,tepniaBa ce, ue BguaxpoHHomo uscneqBaHe Ha nekcukama nopagu g8ycmpaHnur xapakmepHa nekceuranla e Heo6xoquMo konn-nekcuorno npurlcreone kakmo nacpa9-Hu t na fin - uc nrcpua ec k ux fi e t t ng, u:cneg Batq Qoprrlama, npeq nonaeaul om-qumaHemo Ha rloHemuqHume sakouu, nrop$oHoloaurrHume sakoHovrep-Hocmu u Ha uoptlonoauqHume u3MeHeHufl, maka \ Hr rnetnogo Hd ce ./uuH-ntuq Hot, ta t ru urcloe Lm omHocHo c'bqt,p>kamenHama cmpaHql I4aHcpupane-mo Ha eguHur orn mflx Bogu gt-l cy6ekmu8u3bM u HemoqHocm B pekon-cmpykquama. B sa8ucuMocm om koHkpemHurl Mamepual u "usmouHuqu-me" Ha uacnegBaHe, kclumo.e B'usruo>kHcr ga 6'rgam Bsemu nog Buurrlauue,I emuruclncleuqHomo uscneq8aHe Moeam qa HaMeprlm npu.rro>keuue u ma-ku9a netno(Ju cbc cno/fiazott,etcu xnpakllrcp kamo "uettn(lbm no nurc0o-eeozpa$tmttra, ruanngttnft uo kontrcuuunntLn u {luctttpttiyttuthutw oHa.an.

II{o ce omHacrl go cpa8uumelHo-ucmopuueckur Memoq, om6el-s:-Ba ce, qe HeaoB Heg(rcmamr,k e pekoHcmpykqurma Ha npae3uko8ume <pop-ruu kamo eguHHu, xapakmepuu 3a npae3uk, xepasuleHeH B guanekmuoomHotueHue..flcuo e o6aue, qe pa3npocmpaHeHuflm Ha 3HaqumenHa me-pumopufl esuk He rrao*<e ga HrrMa guanekmuu pa3nutlufl, a kakmo e us-BecmHc'r, crrulecmByBam u ue pranko clyqau Ha 3auMcmBaue om equH qua-zrekm B gpyr.Ilopagu mo8a pekoHcrnpyupaHume npaQopMu [JuHaau cleg-Ba ga ce Busnpuepram kamo uqealu3upaHu o6pasqu Ha gaqeHo qpeBuoctcmoflHue u kamo ygo6Hu omnpaBHu mouku, koumo ue 6u c,tegBano gace a6ctnkm;A:frffi"

cmpaHuqu ca nrrctJemeHu Ha Bpruekama .,e>koy g1e-

cklxtttttttt9tfltna celftatuutka u emuMOAoeurrma. flo moau HaquH ce u3pa-sn8a y6e>koeHuemo, qe equH om nbmuruama sa npeogorurBaHe Ha u3(rcma-Bauemo Ha emuMoôauflma om qpyeume o6rracmu ua c'u[3pervleHHama AuH-a8ucmuka e uMeHHo n punaaaHemo Ha n()cmu>keHug ma aa.geck put t t t t u

(*t a-fita cerfiaHtmtka I He[uama meopu, u npakmuka.

5. 1. Egun clm acnekmume B masu Hacok a e u:ttto,t:tllaHatn Ha pil:]pa-fionrcuunrc $ geckputtttut&ntna (curtxporumtna) cenannutko notuutuut u,,nenD(lu.

Kakmo 6eue noqtrepmaHo u no-eope (m. 3.3.1), npu emuMoloauq-Hume uscneq8aHur 8 par',rkume Ha cucmeMot-l6pasy8aulume equHcm [3a n pu-no>keHue HaMupam makuBa nolurmurr u Memogu om qeckpunmu[Juama ce-vraHmuka kamo Memogume Ha qucmpu6ymuBHul u Ha konanoHeHmHuflaHalu3, koilmo, kakmo 6eue nocoqeHo, cpeula u kpumuka. Om6eu:Bace, qe nbAHOmo ompuqaHe Ha ceMaumuqHume kounoHeumu e mo.a,koBaBpeeHo, ko,,rkomo u He()n1cm'rrnHurm cmpernre* 3HaqeHuemo na Eclka gy-Ma qa ce npegcmaBir kamo Ha6op om ceMu. KoHkpemHurrm aHalu3upaHMamepual Lqe e mo3u, ko[mo u],e onpeqenrr qanu e noqxoqrulo I quaxpoH-Homo uscneqBaHe qa ce npunaea Memoqbm ua krlunoueHmHurl aHalu3,

2t

uexo>kqaru om ccrckrpoBckomo paaSupaHe, ue motla, koemo pasnuuaEa eguaeguHuqa om qpyeume eguHurlu Ha cucmeMama, ,l orn't >kqecmBrtJa c'bc ca-Mama ce6e cu,3aulomo moBa ule npegnonaea u3cleglJanemo ua nekceua-ma tl panakume Ha nekcukanHo-ceMaHmuqHa apyna u u1e uaucktla uscneq-Bauemo ua nekcukalHo-ceMaHmuqHama epyna B ue[Hama qflAocm - He-omqumaHemo u caMo Ha eqHa rrekcenaa u1e Bogu qo HemoqHocm I onpege-ArrHemr) Ha ceMaHmukama Ha ocmaHalume nekceuu. Om opyaa cmpaHa,ugerma sa "gurlysuocmma" ua pekoucmpyupaHama nekcukalHa ceMaH-muka (sa koemocmaHa 8lrnpoc no-aope) ule e nogxogrtqa, koaanto Aunc-Ba fJrr:ruo*H(rcm aa cmpykmypeH nogxoo npu EtscmaHo[Js8auemo Ha n'bp-BoHa.ralHomo 3HaqeHue Ha qyr'aama, oco6euo npu gpeBHu pekoncmpyktluu.Kakmo nocoq[']a H. 9eperraucuHa, Ha ugerma aa 'lguSysHocmrna" Ha ce-uaumukanra He npomuBopeuu u pas6upauemo 3a "g8u>keHuemo Ha e3u-koBomo MucneHe om He()npeqeneHocm krru onpeeeAeHr)cm", sakcl-HoMepHocm, krrflmo nao>ke ga 6rrge Ha6lkrga8aHa He caruo [JrrB t]uno-,aeHe3ama, uo u tJ oHmoeeHe3ama u ce npolrBlBa kamo'{e8onloqur Ha cAO-Becuom o 3 Ha qeH ue crm a6cmpak mn o-g u Qy3Ho k'bM koHkpemHc-r".

Ilrrcoq[Ja ce c'bul() maka ueo6xoqurrlocmma om npulaeaHe Ha ceMaH-muqeH Nremaesuk npu ekcn,ruqupaHe Ha 3HaqeHurrma Ha gyrvrume [J emu-MoAOeuqHume peqHuUu, mtil kamo cBo6oqHom0 urra ntrrnkyf:laHe 3ampyg-nstJa nonHoqeHHomo uenona[JaHe Ha npeqcma6eHama B peuHuka uH$op-Maqur. Heuenonst'laHemq Ha Memae3uk npu ekcnnuqupaHemo Ha 3Haqe-Hurrma Ha gyMumg e Hegocmamt k u Ha guarrekmHume cnpa8ouHuqu, ko-emo ctulo aampyoHlt3a nblHoueHHomo usntxstlaue Ha peeucmpupaHul B

mrx nekcukaneH Mamepuan 3a qenume Ha ceMaHrnuqHama pekoHcnrpyk-r\us.

5.2 3HaqeHuenro Ha cbBpeMeHHama geckpunmuBHa cerrraHmuka saemuMonoeurrma ce nptu8rBa u [J uanonsBauemo B emumtxoeutlHomo u3c-leq[JaHe Ha nogxoqrula koHqenqu, sa lekcukanuomO 3HaqeHue.CertaHmuqHama pekrtncmpykqut ce Hy>kgae om maka6a koHqenqur sanekcukunu()m() 3HaqeHue, kolnlo ga cr-,omtJenrcntBa kaknt() Ha cuHxp()HHu-me npeqcmafJa sa ncuxuqeckama peanHocm Ha nekcukanHonlo 3HaqeHue,omqumau.r,a Heao8us cmpykmypeu xapakmep, onpegerurula ce ()m cucmeM-Hanla c'bomHeceHocm Ha gyMume [3 npoqeca Ha mrrxHama ynonrpe6a, ma-ka crruto u ga e npuno>kulra npu opetluume pekoHcmpykquu u npu pa:i-

'ne>kqaHemo ua nekcukanHomo 3HaqeHue B guHaruruka. B masu uacoka B

cbBpeMeHHume quaxp()HHu u3cleqBaHur Ha nekcukalHama cervraHmuka cerrcrmullupa ueo6xoqurra(rcnlma om npula?aHe Ha koetutttuilleu notNoq ktrvt,rekcukanut)mo 3HaqeHue, npu koiimo nekcukanHt'lrno 3HaqeHue ce pasa,te>k-ga kanro koauunru[Juo orrn1sH11y, Ha gyMama, crr8kynHocm om 3HaHurmaHa eeukotJur konekmu[J sa tlnoauirmama o6ekmu8ua qeiicnrBumeAHOcm(B.ErtaHap, 14. Her.aeq, E. Cyunrct p); mo tJkrrkrq8a nau[JHonro n()Hrnrue 3a

22

npegMemume u q8neHurma u e pe3ynmam om nosHaBamenHurl onum(IO. A. Anf,"caH). B ceMaHmuqHama pekoucmpykqiu koaHumu8uurm nog-xog korra nekcuka,,rHomo 3HaqeHue omquma He caMo Qakma, qe ceaMen-mume om ge[cm8umelHocmma B gageH gpe8en nepuog ca 6unu no-pa3-AuqHu, a u Sakma, ve ca,uwne geHoDmnut ca 6uat BuurynrcnaHu otrt esuko-fionto basuatute trc trc-pil3/tuqeH HaquH.Tosu nogxog e [J c'uom8emcm8ue comqumaHemo Ha nosuaBamelHama Qynkqua Ha esuka, ko.smo 3aeMa qeH-

mpaAHO Mrcmo cpeg esukoBume ifryHkquu u kosmo cnopeg P. .flko6coHcrr8naga c pe<pepeHmHama, 3alqomo uvreHyBanemo Ha Seulma npegnola-aa neilHomo no3HaHue. Kakmo noguepma8a E. Cyumcup, koaHumuBuo6asupauulm aHalu3 rurotke He caMo agek8amuo ga onuue uscr\eq8aHume3HaqeHufl, uo moil npume>ka8a u o6gcusBaula cula.

B mosu cMuctl npu gpe8Hume pekoHcmpykquu oco6eno Ba>kuo eomqumaHemo Ha crco6euocmume Ha co6mtJemcmtJalqurl Ha apxauqHux munMucAeHe koanumuBeH anapam. Taka npu uscneg8aHemo Ha npoMeHumeua lekcukanHama ceMaumuka upes cBrrpsBauemo Ha cuHxpoHHurl c gua-xpoHHufl aHalu3,'3a koemo cmaHa Btnpoc no-eope, He 6u cnegBano us8o-gume om u3cleg8auemcl ua c'uBpeueHHomo cbcmorHue Ha esuka Mexa-HuqHo ga ce npunuc8am na ueeo8omo quaxpoHHo paa8umue, kamo ce npe-ue6pea8am oco6eHtrcmume B pa:Boa Ha.lo8eukomo MucAeHe nopdgu onac-H(rcrrrma om npeHacrxe ua c'uBpeMeHHu pas6upaHux Bt p*y opreflHume npreg-

cma8u 3a ngreqMemume u a8rreHunma om gelcm8umenHcrcnlma, 3a ko,qmonpegynperkqa8am peguqa esukoBegu (8.8. BuuoapagoB, IO.B. Omkyn-uluko8, O. H. Tpy6auoB). 7[sBecmxo e cxeMamuqHomo npeqcma8lHe Ha

emanume ua gy<o8Hcl pas8umue Ha qoBeqecmBomo, kourncl HaMupam om-parkeuue 6 esuko8ume Qakmu, kamo: 1) gpe8eu "Maauqecku" ulu "Mu-rnoloeuqecku", 2) 'lpeluauoseH" ulr.l "xygo>kecmfJeH" u 3) "uayueH". Cnpa-Beg,ruEa e o6aqe ea6ezrelkkama Ha B. B. BunoapagoB, tle npu ucmopuqec-komo uscneqBaHe Ha nekcukalHama ceuaumuka c omqumaHe Ha sakoHo-MepHocmume B paa8umuemo na Qoprurume Ha MucAeHe ce nolfta8a "cBo-eo6paaeu oMaebocaH kprre",3aulomo caMomo clmkpu8aue Ha me3u sako-HoMepHocmu ce 6a:upa Ha esuko8 Mamepual.

5.2. 1. Hanaaa ce ue8oqbm, qe koaHumuBuurlm noqxog npu ceMaH-murtHama pekoucmpyku,urr ce npkgae omo6eknnt9u:tLrparry.t kputttcptttl,.Kamo maku8a [l gucepmaquflma ce onpegelrm, om egHa cmpaua,ytuillel>ca.aililt.e He. culapoHHat,ta ce,naunutka u, om-gpyaa - {uknuttt.e Hu (Jettrc-

kanm peu.ToBa ca kpumepuu, koumo Bce otqe He ca HaMepunu npuno>ke-Hue B emuMonoeuqHume uscleg[1aHux.

Om.lumaHemo Ha yHu8epcanuume Ha cuHxpoHHama ceMaHmuka, ko-umo ce omHacflm go cmpykmypupaHemo, kameaopu3aqurlma u mepMuHo-Aoeu3aLlurma Ha ceMaHmurtHume nonema, koemo e I crrclnlBemcm[Jue uc'bc cucmeMHu, noqxog [-l cernraumuqHama pekoncmpykqur, kamo peanu-

23

3aLlu, Ha koeHumuBuus nogxog kt,na nekcukalHomo 3HaqeHue e npol8a uauHmepnpemalr,urlma Ha yHu8epoalHomo, m. e. Bceo6ulorno, kamo Ha[-opetlHo.

flpu8,tuuaHemo Ha gaHHume ua gemckarna pert,'om eqHa cmpaHa, enpoa8a na omqumauemo Ha Heilnume (lakmu kamo npegcma8lulu esuko-Bume yHu8epcanuu u, om gpyea, Ha cxeMamuqHomo pasa,te>kgaHe na e6o-rtkrquima Ha qemckama eauko8a cucmeMa kamo "MukpoQuaxpoHufl" noomuotueHue Ha esukoBarna quaxpoHur. Paeane>kgaHemo Ha e8onklqulrnaHa nekcukalHama ceuaumuka B qernckomo esukQ8o pas6umue 8t [J Bsa-

urraoflprrskama ir c nttauatJameAH()mo paa[lumue Ha gememo uo>fte ga cny->ku kamo uugukamop sa koaHumuBHarna cno>kntrcm ua uspaeaBaHume no-Hrrrnut u 3a ecmecmBetrug nbm Ha ITUIxHomo e8orrloupane.

[4anonsBaHemo u Ha yHu8epcaluu Ha ceMaHmuqHume nolema u Ha '

Qakmume ua gemckamfl peq kamo o6ekmu8usupaqu ktlanurnu8Hull nog-iog kpumepuu e o6zracm, kormo He e uocleg8aHa gclcmarn'bqHo u uo>kega ce okarke MHoao nepcnekmu8ua sa ceMaHmuqHama pekoncJnpykqus ''ycnopegHo c ornqumaHemo Ha nocmaHc'r8kume u ua nopa>kqaulama ce-vraHmuka, paspa6omeHu B uscneg8aHusma uaVl. Menuyk u A. XonkoE-cku.

BrrB tlptska c koaHumr"l8Hur nogxt)g npu pekoHcmpykqusma Ha nek-cukalHama ceuaurnuka e yMecmHo ga ce uumupa u MHeHuemo ua E.EeH8euucm, cnopeg koaomo npu opeBHume pekoucmpykquu Bt,suukBamrnpygHocmu, nopqgenu oni mo[Ja, ue nuHaBucmbm e ckrouen ga ce puko-Bdgu om ceManmuqHume kameaopuu Ha co6cmBeHu, cu eauk, m.e. Brro-

nuk8am npo6nerru, koumo ca nogo6uu ua'npo6lerrlume Ha npe8oga, unu,kasaHo c qpyau gyMu, cmatJa Brrnpoc sa npo6neu, npou3muqaltl om Bpt s-kama lae*oy esuka u MllcleHemo B gyxa ua nuna8ucrnuqHurl penamuBusou.B moau cMuc'bl mpr6lSa ga ee uMa npeg8ug mo8a, qe cpeqcm8ama uacr8peueHHur esuk,.u:nt nHnBa[rku Memae3uko8a QyHku,ul, mpygno 6uxaMoenu qa ekcnnuqupam ope8Hama ceuanmuka moqHo, nopagu koemonpregcma8lHemo ii upres cttlperraeHnus eauk B ceuaHmuqHama pekoHcmpyk-qua SuHaaq mpr6tia qa ce pa3ele>kga kamo ycnotlHo.

5.3 Om6enssBa ce ctur,o maka, tie ceMaHmuqHama pekttHcmpykqua6u 6una no-ycneruHa, ako He ce npeHe6peaBa u rntomutlupaHomo om npeq-cma[Junrerrume Ha rukonama "Ayuu u Beulu" $ttunorurc kun ca'utuneqeHottmtrut, Qakm, kotimoce noquepma[la u om gpyeu cu8per"reHnu esukt)-BeEu (B. B. BuHoapaqoB, A. A. Ee,teqku, B. A. Mepkylo8a, IO. B" Om-kynu1uko8,B.I . A6aeB, .[. C. Cemapo8 u gp.).

5.4 Om6eue[Ja ce c'L,tqo, qe nosHa8aHemo Ha eBonklqurlnla na lek-cukanHomo 3HaqeHue "He e 6e3 3HaqeHue aa pas6upaHemo Ha ueaclfJamact8peueuHa npupoqa u cmpykntypa" (O, H. Tpy6auo[3) u ntl mo3u HaquHce noqqepma[Ja sHaqeHuemo Ha emuMonoeuflma sa nekcukoapa<pulmar.

fi',.tl'

r

"llr

,fr.ii,

il*

rffi

t,

*t,{'-

tr,l:

11,

il,ti,

IIIilr:1;

24

5.5 Oc[Jen moBa c8rrpa8aHemo ua crr8peueHHama ceuaumuka Ha gy-Mama c Heiluama emuMoloaur B uacoka naontkp$aHe Ho stt[Jttctt./noctnu-rte (akcr ce npoa8lBam makuBa) nc*gy notnu\upauptn rru1t$ouaaailntno3HaqeHue H0 {ly/nonm npusuok u no-HontatnbluHt.ut t't celueHttutuen po:tqoitcteg ueiitnttm oeenut,,tro/tozusotlu;r proi<e ga 6rrge LleHHo u 3a caMamaemuMoloeus. Kakmcl mBrrpou O. H. Tpy6auoB, emunaoloeutlHomo sHaqe-Hue Ha gyMama uo>ke ga ce tltsnpoua8e*ga B crr8perraeuuama iynclnrpe6a,"qne8Hume Bprrsku... AameHmHo >ku8esm u nepuoquqHo ce uapkupam Bynompe6ama Ha qyMama". ToBa o>ku8llJane Ha emuMonoaultHume [Jf .-ku ua qyMama, koemo O. H. Tpy6auo8 Hapuqa olqe "peemuMoloau3a-qui", B kaqecm[Jomo Ha "c8uqemelcmBo sa c8oeo6pa3Hama emuMolou u-.reckama naMem Ha gyMama" (u Moarro ga 6rrge usnons8ann kamo kpume-puI npu peua6auem() Ha cn()pHu emuM()Aoeuu.

6. B gucepmaqurrma ce omgerur BHupraHue u ua Stsuo>kHrrcmma aaotttanattIJI.He otn "(rcal:tktloqwrrcnmilne fouctttuuttu sekoutt.'] Heo6xogu-Mocmma om cb6lk)ga$auemo Ha koumo B crco6euo kameaopuuHa <popua6eue aal[Jeuo om MnaqoapaMamuqume, quumo noclego8amenu cnyqa-ume Ha Hepeey^rpuu crrom$emcmBut o6ukHo[Jeuo ()6scHl[lam c kou-maMuHallunma, korrmo e pe3ylrnam om qeilcmtluemo Ha aHaloeurrma, ulucbc sauMcmtJaHe om 6nu:ku guanekmu (B. flusanu; B. feopauefl).

Kamo ocHo8amenHa ce onpeqe,rr kpumuka Ha ma:u MlagoapaMa-muqeckama kc'ruqenqurr om cmpaHa Ha HeonuHaBucn'lume, koumo nogqep-maBam (rakma, qe MlagoepaMamuu,ume He omqumam kt-rHkpemHama npu-poga Ha qyMume, qecmomama uM Ha ynompe6a, a cbulo u nurxHanla cou,u-anna g urlepeHqu au,url u aeoa parlurr, 3illq()mo " <poHemuu uu me u3 MeHeH u,(kakmo u Bcuqku esukotJu u3MeHeHuu) ce us8rrputlam B qyvrume, a Heusti'bH mexHume npegenu" (!*. EouQanme). I{unrupam ce MHeHurr Ha AuH-atlucmu, koumo nocoqt}am muno8e nekcukaneH Mamepuan, ktvr koumoHe ca npuloJ<uuu Qopr'aynu me Ha QoHe mutlHu me cbom [Jenrcm[lur. TakuRaca qemckume 6tn6onHu gyMq aa koumo nu.ueA. Meiie, oHoMam()noemurr-Hume Has[Jauur. sa kr)umo B. I4. A6aeB nocouSa, qe "He ce cnoaa>kqamcrrc s8yko6ume aakouu" u ce xapakmepu3upanl cr,c "ceMaHmulrHu npuqyg-AuBrrcmu", ekcnpecuBHume Has8aHul, npu ftoumo c'bulo ce Ha6nklqa8amHepeeylrpuu q[JneHut, kakBumo koucmamupam B. Maxek, @. Koneuuu,I4. Heueq, M. Mtrcko8 u ep. Kanro qokasame,tcmt'lo sa nGpa3lurlHul cnla-myg Ha oHoMamonoemuqHama gyvr&, koiimo uorke qa ce pa3ele>kga kamt-rnpuquHa 3il no-pa3luqHama nptu8a B mrx ua <foHerlur{Hume:akoHu, Bqucepmatlurrma ce npu8e>kqam gaHHu Ha ue8ponuHalJucmukama, koumc'rc8uqemencm[Jam 3a mlxHama, no-pa3nuqHa ncuxonuHaBucnruriHilpealHocm: s8ykonoqpa>kamenHume u sBykouso6pa:uprelHume gyMu ceynpatlnirtiam ()m qlcHomo nonykrrn6o Ha ut'rsr,ka, koemo ce cnel\ualu3upaB ynpaErur{laHemo'Ha cu?Hanunle, xapakmepu3upaulu ce c "nplkr), Heno-

25

cpegcmBeno, ocmeHcu8uo omHouenue ue>kgy mflxHama Bt uruua, Mame-puanHa Qoprrra u mo8a, koemcl me o6osuaua8am", sa koumo ce koncma-mupa c'bulo maka, ue "Bt,pxy mflx qecmo He ce pasnprrcmpaulBam Qouo-AoauqHume npaBuna ua peuHuko[Jurr cbcma8 ua eeuka", 3a pa3Auka omcuaHalume c "onocpegc.mtJaH" xapakmep (m. e.-SoHoloauqHume cpegcm-Ba Ha esuka), koumo ce ynpa8u8am om mBomo nolykr,n6o (P. .flko6coH).

Hanuq ue mo ua [J prrs ka'rured<gy qecmomHocmma u Hepeaynl pH ocm-ma BrrtJ QoHenruuuua pas8o[ Ha qyMume om6erure[Ja u B. MaH*rak, cno-peg koaomo Bucokama qecmomHocm e npuquHa 3a Hepeeyn-spHu npoMeHuom muna uati-qecmo Ha pegykqutma, koemo cnopeg Heeo e BrrB Bp'uska ucbc sakoHa Ha I{unQ. Om6ena:Ba ce, qe 3HaqeHuemo Ha r}pekBeHmHocm-ma 3a HepeayrurpHume QoHemuqHu npoMeHu vro>ke ga uMa kamo nocpeg-uuk u cerrraumukama Ha gyMume. Crr8per..renHume ncuxoluHeBucmuquuuscleq8aHuq ua nekcukanHama ceuaHmuka nokaa8am, qe qecmomHamaxapakmepucmuka e ncuxoloau.lecku pealeH kpumepuI sa ds6opa Ha gy-Mama r)I11 $tA?rrcpoqHama naMem saeqHo c'I]c ceMaHntuqHama u <pcluemuu-Hanla 6nueocm Ha qyMume (A. A.AeoHmue8), nopagu koemo ce HalaaausEoqt,nt, qe nlfl okasBa [JnulHue Br,pxy cucmeMHume Bptsku Ha nekcu-kanHomo pafiuuqe.

flportla ua no-ar,tlkaBomo omHorueHue ktru QopnaazrHama cmpaHaua,,rekcukama e npulaeaHu,m B ct BpervrenHume emuMoloautrHu u3cleq-BaHur nogxog, npu koiimo ce npakmuky8a cuume3upaHomo pasane>kgaueHa eoleMu epynu gyMu om pogcm8eHu e3uqu c mo>kqecmBeHa u 6luskaQopr"ra, no omHotueHue Ha koumo e Bt sN,Icl)kHo npegnolaeaHemo Ha emu-Mono?uuHo prlgcm8o (A.C.MenHuuyk). flpu rnosu mun u3cleq8aHun ne-crr8naqaHemo B kopeuHama elacHa Ha uscleqBaHume nekcetru ce omqaBaHa uop<fioHonoeuqHu npuquHu, kamo B uHoacl cnyqau nog BnulHue Ha ce-ManmuqHul kpumepuii ce qokas[Ja peanHocmma Ha cMrrnla.Hu ea He8ba-tvto>kH u crrom fJemcm [-lut.

7 . W uakap u crnpoeu npeqnucaHurr omHocHo npoqegypama Ha emu-Mcl,roauquc)mo u3cleq&aHe qa He Moeam ga ce usBegam, 3aulomo mr 3a-Bucu om koHkpemHus nekcukaneH Mamepual, qurmo cmeneH Ha co6cm=Beuoesuko8a cucmeuH(rcm u ucB'bHe:uko8a o6yc,roBeucrcm nao>ke ga 6rgepa3luqHa, uo>ke qa ce Hanpa8u cnequomo o 6 o 6 ul e H u e :

- T'eopenurt\o 6a:ta Ha ceMaHmuqHama pekclucmpykqut crregBa ga6rrge pae 6upa Hemo ia Ho /u4q t rc r m o t V e g e /te u u :t uk o u o,u c pt t o c t t ut {J rc k arkatuo-cenuunuttuonto qu(apontut, koumo ce omHacrrm kakmo go e8orrlo-r.\urlma ua esuka u nekcukama kamo qrlno u 3acfl?am nputluHume u Mexa-Hu3Mume ua aekcukalHo-ceMaHmutiHume npoMeHu, maka u qo cbqbp)ka-Huemo Ha caMume npoMeHu. Br-,sHuktJaHemo u ceMaHnluLtHurrm pas8o[Ha nekcukama, konkomo u qa ce xapakmepu3upa ct c cnyuaiinocm u uHgu-BugyanHocm, ce usBr,putJa fl npeceqHume moqku Ha qetionr[Juemo Ha me-

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26

3u 3akoHoMepHocmu. 3agaua Ha emuMoloauqHomo uacleg8aHe e qa om-kpue meau npecerlHu moqku u no mo3u HaquH ga o6lcuu npuquHume 3aBrsHukBaHe Ha u3cleqBauclmcl uaatlauue, HeaoBama ycmoiiuut3ocm, e8u->keulume culu Ha ueaoBul ceMaHmuqeH pas8oil u npuquHume 3a omnaqa-Hemo My om qageHa esukoBa cucmeMa (ako e Halutle makt fl rpakm).

B uemclqrx()euqHo omHnlueHue entuMolo?urlHomo uscleqt'laue ceupkoae crm korrannekcHomo npulaaaHe an qto\tu u neilo-uc t n()pu.qcc k t tst ne -mog (c ueuck8aHenlo 3a arr[Jka8 nogxoq ktr'l stlyko[iume eakoHu, omqu-malq u Hapyua Sarqume peaylrr pH(rcmma rpakmopu : <ppekfleHmHocnlma,ekcnprecu8nocmma, oHoMamonoemuqHul xapaknrep Ha HaeuaHulma) u uafi en n{l a Ha ceru olilnuq HQ ntq ilul,ilo,Lo?u.fl, npeqnoâaaul omqumaHemo Hamunoloeuqeckume oco6euocmu Ha nekcukanuo-ceuaHmuqHama gu-axpoHufl, u3moqHuqume 3a omkpu8aHemo Ha koumo ca B o6nacmma Ha:

a.) cBr,prEaHemo Ha quaxpoHuqma cbc cuHXpr)HHomo QyHkqu-oHupaHe Ha esuka qpe3 ucmopuueckama uHmepnpemall,urr Ha napaqu?-MamutlHume, cuHmaaMamutlHume u cmpykmypHume gaHHu om cuHxpo-ueu xapaknrep;

6.) c[tr,p:{laHemo Ha np(rcmpaHcm8eHurr c (lperraeuHur rfiakn-ropq pe3 ucm()puuecka nril uH nrepnpenla r.lu rt Ha q ua,rekmHunle qaHHu ;

t1.) c[tr,pet]aHemo Ha uHgu[)uqyalH()nlo cbc coqualHorxo qpe3coqualu3upaHama uHmepnpemauurr Ha AecHo ua6nklqaeur()n1() n()paqu c[Jo-xma koHkpernHocm uHqu8uqyanuo"

- Heo6xoqurrao ycno$ue sa no8uua8an,e o6ekmul'lHtrcnrma Ha $op-MyAUPaHama xunome3a e npuâaaHemo Ha:

a.) cenu ut o/t o?o-ouo.4tocuo-4o?uqau t togxog, npegnolaeaul pe-koHcmpykqurrma Ha nrrp{loHaqanHomo 3HaqeHue Ha qyManra, Heaof}amaqeHomamHa onlHeceHC)cm u emanunte Ha ceMaHrnuqeH pasSoii u peruatia-Hemo Ha peq oH()MacuoloeuqHu 3ilqaqu, c8rrpsauu c nr,pt3clHauanHu, Ho-MuHauuoHeH akm u c no-HamanlbruHul ceMaHmurteH pas[3oil Ha qyMama,u

6.) koettttttut6ctt ttoqxtrT krrrra nekcukanuume equHuu,u, quumoo6eknruBusupaulu kpumepuu ca ynu8epcaluume Ha cuHxpoHHama ceMaH-muka u qaHHume na qemckanta peq u arlrasulma.

- Ba>kuo ycnollue :a no[Jur-ua[JaHe o6ekmut'lHocmnra Ha emuMoA()-?utlHomo uscneq[JaHe e cbulio ntaka zpyttol)anru pakouctttyryk4tut, konmo ceu:Bt,ptutla kakmo [3 parvrkume Ha cucnleMoo6paay8aulunle equHCm[Ja uanekcukanuomo pa{lHuule. maka u no nleMamuqHu epynu.

- Kamo ce usxrlrkqir u om o6ulonpusuamomo pa:6upaHe sa fJucoka-ma crq€neH ua u:[Jr,HesukolJa o6ycnoSeHocm Ha nekcukanra kamo Llllo, eHeo6xoqurvlo npuBnuuaHenlo u Ha qaHHume Ha MamepuanHelnra u qyxo8-Hilma kynnrypa.

Brnopa ana8n (t39-12 c.), o:aana8eHa "O6u1a xapakmepucmukaHa coMamuqHarna nekcuka. ocooeuocmu Ha Heiiuun enluMoAo-2uqeH aHaAu3", urua Bc.unumeêH xapakmep kr,,rra mpema ana8a.

O6erurst'la ce, qe epynama Ha Has8aHuflma Ha rracmume Ha.rotJeuko-mo mr{Ao e meMamuqHa epyna (cerraaumuuHo noê), c kclemo ce noqllep-maBa, om eqHa cmpaHa, uz9tilrcsttko\anru o1yc,to[Jeuocttt ua o1eouuetriurio,neao[Janra npomullonocmaBeHtrcm Ha co6cmBeHtrcpuko$ume .i6eguHeHurrua ,tekcukanH()mo pa8nuule ua esuka u, om qpyaa- moBa, qe coMamuqHu-me Hae8auula ca cbt4tleuu no clutcb,4 katno qtetuutltt 6e:t ocnmirruk cenau-tI\tt.ttIottto ttola,a*)n1(lemcmfJaulo Ha noHrlmuemo t'mflAr)". Ta3u arraBa uua3a 3aqaqa qa pirakpue o6u-1unte mun()A()euttecku rrco6eH(rcntu Ha c()Mamuq-Hama nekcuka ()nt aneqHa moqka Ha Heiiuomo cmpykmypupaHe, npuHrtu-nume Ha kameaopu3au,url, mepMuHoôau3aqurr, meHqeHquqme Ha paeBu,mue u, kamo ce usxorkqa om koucmamupaHume mun()Aoeuqecku irccl6e- ..

Hocmu u onr .fitqonre()penruqHume n.cmaHo8ku omHocHo uemoqukamaHa ceMaHmutlHilma pekoncmpykqul, Qa onpeqeû crco6eurrcmume, koumocleqlJa ga ce onlqumam npu kclHkpemuus emuMon()zuqeH aHanug Ha [Jcr-ko eqHo.m ctcnrathu-1ume r uaaSauus. Taka noq apyno8a pekoHcmpyk-ttufl ce pas6upa ue pekoHcnrpykquxma na a6conkimn,, tlcu,riu HarBoHLr,npuuaqnedcaulu krru gageHama meMan-luttHa apyna, a uMeHHo omqumaHe-mo Ha xapakmepHume 3a epynama kamo qsno iakc,noMepHocmu npu emu-MoloautlHomo uscneq8aHe l.la koe qa e om crcma8lulume n uasf3aHul. llpuQoprraynuprr Hetrro Ha u38oq u nre ca u3noA3Bauu:

- pe3y^nranrume onl c1)n()cmaHumeAH() uscneq['laue, usllt pueuo omE- AuqepcrrH, ua uasBaHulnla Ha qacmume Ha qo[Jeukomo -nntl, t'lcucl8a-pauro ce Ha Mamepual orn 50esuka u ustle>kgarqo ynu8epcanuume Ha mo-Ba cenaaumurrHo noê omHOcHo HearltJ.mo crnpykmypupoHe u npuHqunu-me Ha kanreaopusauul u mepMuHoloeu3aqurr;

- Ha6nkrqeuurrma Hirq kapmuHama Ha coMamurrHun-le HaeBaHurr B 6t n-a,apcRpa npocmpaHcmt'leu koumuHyyrvl (B koHmekcma Ha qaHHunre u Ha6nu:ltgpogcnr[JeHunre esuqu) katno .uoglet Ha nutxuonte npo(:tttlxtuctnbermxapakrtrcltK:nutka, 9u,utr1ua y so lJpy?u etrcnt;me ce urno,rifJani sa paekpu-SaHe Ha cBu>keutru culu Ha e8o,rkrqulma Ha peaucmpupaHunre n,rriJouuir, oc'tLtlo u kamrt u:moqHuk Ha ceMaHmullHu napaêû c HeqeemuM()noeu3u-pauu Haa[laHur c qel unkrcnrpupaHe Ha [Jt,:rratl>kHtrmr, [J'teruaHnruqHamaquaxpoHurr.

._ @oprvrynupanl ce ustl.qume, qe npu emuMonoeutlH()mo uecneqBaHeua Bclko eqHo.()m c()Man"ruriHunie Ha:['lauur nrpu6[la qa ce uMa np"ouuo,

- [Jtsvo>kHOcn]ma 3a r\{em()Hr..lMuuH() prrtlr*u"'Ha crr[]pernrlrr..,*,.,3HaqeHue Ha ua:[Jauuemo om gpye() nbp['loHaqaAHo coMamurrHo 3HaqeHue;

27

28

- [Jtrarrao*lr)cmma 3a ntp8-oHau a,uro ekcnpecu8eu xapakmep Ha Ha 3-Banuemo kamo c()Manlurt Ho HastlaHue;

- Qakmr,,m, ue rlopuanHume npu3Haqu (u oco6euc) npu3Haqume"kptanocm" u "npoq'blacltJamocm") ca nepuenrnirBHo "Ha[-uenr-,kHalu",koemo e oco6eHo Ba>kuo npu pekoncmpykqunma ua nt,pBoHaqalHurr Ho-MuHau,uoHen akm na gpeBHume coMamuqHu Has[]aHut u c-rccl6euo Ha me3u,koumo Haacl8a[Jam qeHomamu c Bucoka nepuenrnuBHa "u3nbkHantrcm" (m.e., xunclme3ume, npeqnona?aulu Momu8upaHoom no ifyHkqul Ha uHgoeB-poneflcku coMamurrHu uaatJauus Ha geHomanru c Bucoka nepqenmu8Ha"usnt,kHalocm", ca rvra,tko EeptumHu) (Ha ma:u 6asa ce ocnoptla npegc-ma8enorno B preguqa emuMOA()euqH.U,peqHuqu us8e>kgaue Ha emuMOHa Haue. Has8aHue 3a 'oko'om kopeH *ok*- c'bc 3HaqeHue 2,tegau'(ua ocHoBa-ma Ha cbncmafJkama c ap. 6gopot'Buql') kamo HepealHo, mrr[ kanro cma8aBtnpoc sa ople[3Ho Has[JaHue Ha geHomam c Eucoka nepuenmut]Ha "u3n'rrk-Hanocm" npu Hanutruemo u Ha maku[Ja qeHoMuHamuBuu nepuenrnutlnuelaeonu kamo pyc. ztasitnb 'aneqaM om npa3Ho nkr6onumcm8o'(<anasooko') u npu clqe8uqutrcmma Ha noj[Jucokama koauumu[Jua cnod<uocm HaceuaHmukama Ha nepuenmu8Hurr alaeol I cpa8Heuue c'bc ceMaHmukamaHa nastJaHuemo Ha okom'cr kamo npeqrraem. Totla ce qclkas8a u om gem-ckomo e:ukt{Jo u koaHumuBHo pasBumue, ct}uqemencm['lau1o 3a n()-paH-Homo oBnagr8aHe Ha noHr{rnuemo sa 'oko'B cpa8ueHue c noHrrmurrma,cr, om [Je mcm [Ja ulu H a nepqe-n mu BHu me ala a onu. ) ;

-,ErrsuorkH(rcmma npu3Haqume "kprranocm'? u "np{rqblao8amocm"ga ca B ocHcl8:rma u Ha rraemarpopuqHume npeHocu ua Hasliauurr Ha npeg-Memu f3t,pxy qacn-lu Ha nrlAom();

- Qakmtrm, ue ycmo[uutJocmma ua uas[JaHuflma, kolrmo e yclo8ue3a mrrxHanla c'bxpaHeHocm om ape8uu enoxu, ce gtruku Ha nepu,enmu8ua-ma "usritkHanocm" Ha HasotJa8aHama rtacm Ha ntflA()mo u Ha Her u npo-muBogeiicmBa nreHgeHqurrma kt rra ekcnprcu8uocm, kr-rsmo e npuquHa 3aguHarurukanra I mevamuqHama epyna Ha coMamuqHama aekcuka. (ToBa,qe no-eolrlMama nepuenmuSHa "usnbkHal(rcm" Ha qageHa qacm Ha mrlo-mo pto>ke qa ce pa3ale>kqa kamo yc,toBue 3a no-aon tMama ycmotiqulitrcmHa ueiiuomb HaaBaHue, ce qokaa8a HanpuMep om Qakma, ue B ct,omBem-cmBue ctc cpa8HumeAHO no-aolgMama nepqenmu8Ha ttu:ntkualocm" Haqacmume om eopHama nono[JuHa Ha mrrlomo cnpr{Mo qacmume om gon-Hama nono8uHa (oco6eHocm, omkpunra om E. AHgepct n) e cpaBuurhelHorio-aerrutuama cmapuHHocm Ha HaetJauurrma Ha pt kama 8 cpa8HeHue c Ha-:Bauugma Ha kpaka: cp8. t} 6r,naapckul esuk uHqtletlponetickufl npou3xoqHa Has BaH u en1() pa -il o, 6anmocnaBuuckul na yt k o, u He oe8pone licku;r na.attut.t(o, om eqHa cmpaHa, u npacnaBxHckus Ha til)?u u n()-k'bcHurr npou3-x()q Ha kpuk - rrnr qpyaa);

29

. - Qakm'am, ue vromu8uparuurm npu3Hak u muna,Ha HoMuHaqu, HacoMamuquomo HasBaHue e eaBucuM u om neao8omo Mrcmo B cmpykmy-pama ua cdpranmuqHomo nole Ha coMamuqHamarrekcuka, ue na:Banusom onucameêH mun ce crrsga8am sa geHomamu, koumo He ce xapakme-pu3upam c Bucoka nepqenmu8Ha 1'usn'bkHalocm" (flpu8e>kgamce kamo.npuMepu HegeemuMoloau3upaHu Has8aHus, uomu8upauu no Qyukquoua-AeH npu3Hak:xogutto, cntbna/to, ?rcge\, t ueta, k",tenaq u,gp., sa koumo cegokaeBa, qe Ha3o8aBam geHomamu c rvra,tka nepqenmu8ua "ugnbkHalocm"u ue n'upBoHar{anHo ca BosnukHanu kamo onucameiHu pa3rrleHenu naaBa"Hufl c guQepeHqupaea QyHkuua - paenuua8auru QyHkquoHaAHa qacm HagageHa- qacm Ha mflAorno: cp8. "xoguno/cmbnalo na kpakal?, "anegeq Eaokomo", "klena.l Ha okomo" u m. H., npu koumo ugeHmu$uquparquameAeMeHm Haso8a8a geHomam c omHocumelHo no-eonqrraami nepuenmuB-Ha "ugn'bkHanocm". C meqeHue na Bpenaemo mo[ cma8a uenurue]r u om-naga,, mrr[ kamo ce nogpae6upa, koemo e npolBa ua esukoBama ukouo-rurun.);

- BusNroi<H(rcmma sa co6cm8eHoe:uko8u omHorueHun vred<gy uaeBa-Hu.flma om gageHama meMarnuqHa apyna.

Tpema z,ra8a, osaana8eHa "EmuMoAoeuqeH u ceMaHmuko-munoaoeuqeH anaaus Ha 6onaapcka coMamuqna lekcukat, (113-218 c.), ce ctcmou om mpu qacmu: I. ErnunprtoeuqHo u cenaurrutko-munotoeuqno u:tcteg9aHe ua uashaHufl 3a 'ycnta' u 'yctnHu'(113-140 c.)I I. E nru n o'4o e u q Ho u ce rfi aH t t u t k o - n ru n o to e uqHo us c te g 0 aue ua uas 0 a rutsua pakanm (l4l-L72 c.); ilt. Emu,uottozultHo u cenaunitko-nuutato?lttHouscteghaue rru Hat\aHun ua kpaka (17T218 c.).

^ Bcrka om mpume qacmu sano.rBa c npe?Aeq ua koHcmamupaHu-me B 6onaapckume guanekmu uas8aHua, na ocno8ama Ha koilmo cenpa8rm usBogu aa ycmotuu8ocmma ulu guHaMukama ua uasBaHuRma,sa o6ulume oco6euocmu npu mrxHama HoMuHaqufl u ceMaHmuqHopae8umue, kamo ce omqumam u ue BegeHume B.rB Bmopa a,taBa o6ruumunoôeuqecku oco6eHocmu Ha coMamuqHama rrekcuka kamcl ur{Ao.

I. Taka sa Hae8aHuqma sa 'ycma'u 'ycm-uu'ua ocuo8arna na kon-cmamupaHomo pa3Hoo6pasue: 6pi,Lv6ynu, 6pi,usa, 6pi,uda, 6pi,nz,a,6pdurc'a, 6i,pnu, 6i,paul6bpau, dydhrc, y)nu, p)rcu, u)pnu, qt)cnu, yjtnrcu,)cnu, )cu ut1 u, ycmb, pd u6u, Lv)4rcu, d)su, u)usa, sypad, nyq)na, ycmipu ugp. ce npaBu us8ogt,m, qe mo ce g.roku ua xapakmepHama sa cQepa-ma Ha coMamuqHama aekcuka meHqeuqua kru ekcnpecuBHocm. Ta:uuge, ce noqkpen.fl u om Qakma, qe MHoao om UurnupaHume HasBaHusce ynompe6sBam u kamo xapakmepusuparuu ycmHume, cp8.: u)n.sa ,uz-g ag e^H u Han pe g ycm Hu, sy p,ti,' c,auqo', 6bpt a 2 onsMa ycmua', * jtk a' ge6e-,ra y8ucuala ycmHa', 'no-apy6a ycmHa', a npu nrrktiu om nas8anunma

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30

kamo uyqyna, syp,ti'e sBeu ceMaHmuqHuflm pasBo[ 'ycmua, MyqyHa Had<u8omHo'-+ '.{o8etuka ycma/ycmHu', koiimo e eguH om n'bmuulama 3anono.t8aHe Ha meMamuqHama apyna Ha HasBauurma Ha rracmume Ha qo-Beukomo mrlo c ekcnpecuBHu Has8aHu.s. Vcmama/ycmuume u gHec cao6ekm ua no8mopHa HoMuHaL\u, nopagu cmpeue>ka k'uu ekcnpecu8nocm:cp9.uo\ka; ntloha.nuuk'ycma'. Tesu Has8aHux c8ugemencm8am sa akmy-alHocmma Ha meHgeHLluflma krrvr ekcnpecuBHocm no omHolueHue Ha Ha-eoBa8aHux geHomam. CnegoBamelHo npu emuMoloauquomo uscneq8aHe'ua Bcsko eqHo om geemuMoloeu3upaHu Haa8auus aa 'ycrna 7'ycmnu'c't -ulo vro>ke ga ce n peq n o naaa tt up Bo Haq,a,4e H ek cnp e c u B e u xap a k nt e p -

Orn gpyaa cmpaHa, ce om6enseBa koncmamupaHama BoB Bmopa ana-Ba ocol6euocm, qe ycmama ce xapakmepuaupa c aolrMa nepuenmuBHa "u3-nrkuanocm"- yclo8ue aa ycmcl[uu8trcmina ua uefiuume Has8aHuq, nopa-gu ktrcmo ce npa8u usBogtm, rre npu emuMoloauqHur aHanua ira qeemu-Moloeu3upaHume fiaaBaHurr ea 'ypma7'ycmHu'Mt-r)ke ga ce ouaklla u mflx-Hama ctxpaHeHocm om gpeBHu enoxu.

CneqBa emuMonoeuqeH aHalu3 Ha 6'o,u. gua* 6Lpna, 6ip.na, fipiruia,6piuza, 6pinz'a, 6pinx'a, Tlecneg8aHerno ce u:Brpu8a c pa6omua xuno-me3a, ue para,te>kqaHume 6rrna, gua.,r. HasBaHur{ ca BrrsHukuanu kamo ekc-npecu8Hu HaatJanurt eit'ycma' l'ycmHu' urru'uyqyua Ha d<u8omHo'. Ocuo-Banue ea mo8a ga8a kakrno om6el.aaaHama oSula munoAoauqecka oco6e-HOcm Ha coMarnuqHama nekcuka u peeucmpupaHomo eoArrMo paaHoo6pa-3ue Ha qaqeHume saa8aHuq [3 npocmpancm8eu u napagu?MamuqeH acnekm,maka u uskasaHomoom B. Maxek MHeHue, ue Bapuamu8Htrcmma BuB rpop-Mama na uas8aHu.nma, koxmo He ce c6e*ga eguHcm8euo go pa3lulrur,crrom8emcm8atqu ua QouemuqHume sakonu, uo>ke ga 6t ge c8uqernenc-m8o sa mexHua ekcnpecu8en xapakmep. ,[ageuume Has8aHul ce pasane>k-gam B equH no-ruupok nuHa8ucmur{eH koumekcm, BkrkrqBaul Hae8auusom 6rrnaaprckua u gpyau e3uqu c 6zruska Qoprraa u rnt >kge'cm8eHa unu mu-noloauqecku c6tpaaua c ma3u ceuaHmuka. Omqumam ce u Has8auuft, ko-urno nopagu QoHemuuHu Hecboml3emcm8us Ha npt,tl noaneq ue uaale>k-gam emuMonoauqHo c8trpsauu c paaanei<ga4ume u nepagu mo8a He cenocoq Barn kariro nraku[Ja I ct,utecm [JyBa u1urne e muMon()a u q Hu peqHuqu:6rrna. gua . (tpytt11x ce,67rytry1opa ce'ctpen ce; aomclB cbM eo 3anAa.la',6ipue,il ra 'kpullrl cu ycmama',61ti;urca'xalka', 6i1tuol6i,1tu'o,ltrytui"l, 6t'1tna-adta, 6z1naeitrcy,6i,1t,ttt'm,62'1ttie, 6i,prrcc'.lotJek'c eoleMu ycmHu; qolJek ceol.aMa ycma', (t('t)pugpila'qoBek ctc ulptkuanu Mycmaqu',6rpu lBuggu8a namutla', 6z,ptile, 6i,1tn'a1li,-6i;pit'ugfi 'koilmo cmpaqa om 8r.,pmoa,nra-Bue',62,1t:'beer rc 'paz6oruttlarra ce ()m []t pmtranallue (:a ollux)',6i,1tt'a 'ae-paa6paHa )keHa', 6i,pLt' o, 6itttilfli'Hepaa6pau ucl{1ek; Hemt,pnenu8,rnpocHam, pecnoktreH', 6d pt' atfi'6r,6pu8, 6t peoaoBopelq', 6pun.&m'nycmocAoBa, 6rrp6op,'; cpxp. gual. 61t nra'vy\yHa','6eAee, o6ukHo{}eHt-r

3t6rn, Ha MyqyHama Ha >ku8omuo', b6puuleuue ktu goMauHo >ku8omno c6errea Ha MyqyHama ulu ira anaBarna u uMe ua mako8a d<u8omuo', ':keua cpa3qeneHa eopHa ycmHa', 6pna'cmapa 6onua o8qa, Ha koqmo meqe cly3om MyqyHama', 'uMe Ha oBqa', bn{ica'aopua ycmHa ua kou unu ao8ego',ka,rka, ko.smo ce claaa Ha MyqyHama ua iru8omno',fipywga 'ycmua', 6Wn-gam'toBekc aoleMu ycmHu', fipyugacm 'nrraulu8';pyc. gua . 6puta 'y"-- .

Ha:, MH. u.'er,6u';'BorraH; kpauula;nepu<fepux (natuanka)', 6p7ota 'g-onHaycmHa', MH. tt. tnlouku, metlar4u y geqama, koaamo nrrauam', fipuuga'yc-mHa', 6pi*u, uu. q.'czrlouka', pas Becunru 6plouu, fiprmgu pas*ecuitu, fbbugupas0ecunttb6ukgarvt ce, Uynfl ce; aomoB cbM ga 3anlaqa, paanlak8au ce';6pwuzyrua'o6uguuB uo8ek', 6potu g a'o6uguuB uoBek'; ykp. gua,r. 6poouabSqa c qepHu yluu U 6a,r Hoc, o6apagen c qepHu nemHa', 6e,ropyc. 1pwadrc'UIOO om korla', 'Bug uauka c Brraecmurrocm U100 om koQa c pa3uupfl-Bautu ce Haeope kpauu.la (cny*u sa nrpka ua Bogka)', nol. bryndzi6 sig'npeBserirarra ce';'upn. bern 'krrucypa', Aum. burna !rcma', burliungis kpoa-.AoAuk', burn6ti 'snocAo8t', aptr. beran 'ycma', c,ro8aur. perna-'ycmua',namB. purna 'Myuyua', purpas 'ycmHu'; xem. puri 'ycmnu'u gp.

Ypes cerraaHmuko-munonoauqeH, cno8oo6paayBameneH u (popvran-eH aHalu3 ce gokas8a, tle gageHurne itasBaHu.fl Moaam ga ce pasane>kgamkamo emuMoloauuuo cBt,psauu tresa8ucuMo om HeeakoHorrrepHume Qo-Hemuquu pa3lurrufl B unkou orh rhflx, mtfi kamo me Moeam-ga 6ogimo6rcuenu. flpaBu u ce cxeMamuuuo o6o6qeHue Ha ceMaHmulrnur pas8o[na nas8aHusma. Pasane;kgarn ce ceMaHmuqHume nfreHocu:

- fuyqyHa'-) '>kuBomuo u uMe na >kuBomuo c xapakmepeH 6errea,c8opsan c ueao8ama "ycma"';

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fuyuyna' +'ycmua ua >ku8omHo';'rtayuyna' -+'qoBeuka ycma';'ycmHa ua rku8omHo'-+ 'xarrka';'ycmHa na >ku8omHo'-+ tzrloHku';}cmna Ha lku8crmHo'-> 'ycmua ua uo8ek';'ycmrta na qo8ek'-+'cnkrnku';'ycmHa na qo8ek'-+ 'qo8ek c aoleMu ycmuu';'ycmHa Ha qo8ek'-+ 'kpail';lcmna ua qo8ek'-+ 'ao6u';'ycmna Ha qoBek'-+ 'npukasBarra, npukasnuB';'ycmHa na qo8ek'-> 'nAatta, c.bpgfl ce; nrraunuB, Ctpgum';'cnlotrku' -+'Bupmoana8a oBqa''qoBetuka ycma'->'npukas Barra, npukasrru8'ErrpmoanaBa o8qa'-> 'uepas6paH, 3AoHpaBen qoBek'u gp.

. (Doprurynupa ce xunome3arna, qe pa3ene>kgaHume HasBaHun sa 'ycm-ttu' l'ycma' I fu yqyua' ca &t s HukHanu kamo ekcnpqcu8uu Has8auus c nop8o-ltaqalHa BrrmpeuHa Qoprraa

tusga8auqa r8yuu ruyqynat unu .oruopnflHa

32

Myr\yua'. flpegnorraaa ce, qe ca npous8ogHu om cbomHocurpelHu Eapu-arnu8Hu sBykonogparkamerruu kopeuu *bur- u *pur-.OcuoBanue sa maka-Ba pekoncmpykqux Hh nrrp8onaqanHama BompeuHa Qc,pvrq ga8a conoc-maBkama c 6ona. guat.6pdu6yttu'ycmnu', Aum. blerbetuvai (c oo*rucnauaBrrrnpeuna Qopr.aa "urrpMopurruuqa"), marmuze, marmolai, murza,gargalyne 'ycma, rrryrryna', koumoca vromu8upaHu om GmuMQHume uas8y-konogpat<amelHume alaaolu: blerbeti':Bonm.a', fu t,pu opl', marmaliuoti'sanioBaNl B karr', '6un6ykau', 'urrprraopt', gargaliuoti hpaBa aapaapa', muqmeti 'r"rrrpvropa', 6'un6ykaru', om egHa cmpaHa, u, om gpyza- 3HatleHuemofubp bd Ha rrum. rrekcepra murza, kogmo o:uaqaBa u 'ycrna', u makuBagyMu c uat-o6ulo 3HaqeHue 'MptcHo M-flcmo', sa koumo c'bulo rtao>ke ga cenpegnono>ku ruromu8upaHocm om elaeolu u,ru vre*<gyMe{nurl coc a8yko-nogpa>kameleH n pou3xog kamo: 6'a tre. 6 a p,n adr'u'umua Boga, Heq ucmo-mufl, noMu n', 6op' ndrc 'M'bmHa Boga, vrrrmurrka'1 dpiugsa 'pegucmclmufl,Mp'bcomufl; Mp'tcHu gpexu', 6ap)za 'nokBa', .udpauo lupocep uo9ek',uop-d)l 'omnag'bllu, gonHokaqecmBeuu npogykmu', cm6. Ep6{4 kaA', Aum.marmalas 'pagka kan', burlas'pxgka kan', birda kaur', g.-ny*. bruda 'kan'(cp8. crruro cbc 3HaqeHurlma 'Mt,pcfl, MauaM, kanflM', 'aaa4 u3 kan, muHfl,Boga', 'nAeu1r, 6p'uu-loleBx'Ha 6rrla. ?,Aaeoluana./n,3a ko[pno e lBua a8y-konogpukamenHama uomuBupaHocm ).

IIpaBu ce napalel rrae>kgy Qoprraama Ha 6t la..guarr. 6i,pta'ycmua'u pyc. ouan.6piltb'ycmHa', 6rrna. guan. 6pi,nda'ycmua'u pyp. guat.fipiuqa'ycmHa'- om egHa cmpaHa, u rrae>kgy 6rrnaapckume u pyckpme s8ykonog-pad<amenHu aâaoû: 6tm.6i'prca,u u pyc. 1pilrcamu'pumay cbc 3agHumekpaka (sa kou, kpaBa u gp.)'npu Haluquemo u Ha pyc. gual- 1dprcamo'xAnnaM, ygprM; gp'uHkar.a, 6rr6pr', 6t zra. guan.6t1t,tiurcon 'npa8l MexypuBr,B Boga'u pyc. 1pwtimo'pasxBrpuM c MyuyHa B paaluuHu cmpaHu (sa>ku8omHu)', 6'r,Ae. quart.6pi,sza^4u pyc. 1pilszarno - om gpyaa, c'bc c'blqu,mun QoHemurrHo Hec'bom6emcm8ue. flpu sBykohogpadtamenHume ela-aonu oc8eH unkrcmpupaHama Bapuamu8Hocm Br,B Bokanusua uo>ke ga6t,ge ua6,rklgaf3aua u Eapuamu8uocm 6*nB konconaHmHu, uM ct,cma8:cp8. c 6t w. 1updttpa - qual. nbpnotn, nct. *bryzgati -*pryskati,

*bl'uj4 -*pl'uj4 u gp.'BapuamuBHocm 6 - n ce Ha6nloga[3a u npu HasBaHuflma sa

lcmHu7 'ycma'l fuyuyHa': 6t'm.6ipua- cnoBau. perna 'ycmHa', nunr. burnit'ycma' - tant9 . p t n 1a'rryuyHa', xem. ptt ti'yc mHu', ttamfi . p t t tpas''ycm Hu'.B nam8. nekcer.aaTiiit#x$ ce omkpu8a HenbAHa pegynlukaqufl, kolmo cekouc ma m u pa u I p-e,f.tlr qa,6anm u iic ku : Bykclri oo pa>ka meAH u a Aa e on u : Au m.puryti 'wrapkaM', burltiti 'ur,prvropa',dunddti 'a"bpMfl', plepiti '6r,p6opa'.

Ilpegcrrra[JeHama xunon're3a 3a npou3xoga Ha 6tna. quan. HasBa-reux6i,pua,5i'pta,61ti,uda,6pi,usa,61ti,uz'a,1piinrc'a, kamoqokasBaemu-MoloauuHama uM Epr,ska c makuBa pyc. gua^. uaetJaHua kamo 6ytoma,6puu-do, 6pnua, 6ptota, 1pnuda, kakmo u c qpyeu caa6tHcku, noglaea Ha c'bMHe-

33

Hue cmaH(r8uulento, qe 6rr,ta. gua,t. 6tpxa'ycntai-'l nttm. burna'ycma' ecpeg npuMepume sa 6almuilcko-kr>kHcrcnaBlHcku u3oenocu, ctlu gemenc-m8aulu sa opef3nu apealHu Bpt,eku.

Tasu xunonle3ama cny*u kanro munonoeuqecku napanensa pa:kpu-BaHe na emuMonoau{ma u Ha 6rrna. quan. Ha:Ba:r.w g*j,ual*)ua u g*)kal .

*)ka'ycmlra', num. Ziirunos 'qenklcm', 3a koumo c'r,ulo ce npeqnolaeavromu[iupaH()cm om enaaon ct c etiykonoqparkanreneH npou3xrlq u aHano-aurr Ha Ha em uMoH a na 6i,p t n nrp8oHau anHa Bom peuHa rfopr"ra. BcluluocmnptB C. Mnageuo8 ugkasBa npegnonorkeHue, qe mesu Hae8aHurr ca Bt,BBprrska c uugoetipone[ckus kopeu *g'"u- 'gt8ua, >k[}akau', koumuHyaH-fnu Ha ko[mo ca6'urc.*$akarn,pyc.*e9anur, uo nocoq8a, ue mo8a "uleycmaHo8rm no-HamambtuHume usgup8aHun". EgBa nu cl6a.re 3HarteHuemo'gb8ua'e r.aonruSupaul() 3a c()MamuqHomo uagBauue. Trr BeporrmHo e np()-usBtlqHo om 3HaqeHue 'ururckaM', 3a koemo npeqnolaeaHem() na sByko-noqpa>kamenHa Momutiupauocm € HiIn'rrAHO Brrsuo>k.Ho: cp6. c ,tttickan''npu rgeHe usgaBarta oco6eH tuyM c e:uk u ycmHu', koemo 6 om s8ykonog-pokameneH npou3xoq u koemo B Hxkou ao8clpu pas8u8a 3HaqeHue'qut}qa6aBuo, c ycunue'.

B koHmekcma Ha rloprvrylupaHume xunome3u ce uskae[Jam u unkouc'uo6pa>keHufl omHocHo emuMonoeul ma ua 6rrla. AekceMa yclric, koa mcrkam6 coMamuqHo Has8auue uMa uHgoeBpone[cku np.-,urx.rg. Baervra cenog BnuvraHue nam8. Has[JaHue au5a 5t,p6opko', Ha trcuo8ama ua koemcrEyaa, Eug:enuH B'tscmaHo8r8am npa$oprvrama *austji, konmo QouanHocrrBnaga c nparfoprnlan"la Ha cla[lrtHckomo coMamuquo uasBaHue *usta,.ru-

r mcl ntp8oHarlan Ha lirm peuHa <f clpr'la kamo'u: ga8aula e Byuu ycma/vry-U/Ha', e munoloauqecku Brrsl,rorkHa. Om c8or cmpaHa *austjir ce pa:anerkgakamo om?AaeoAHtl o6pasytlaHue c HacmatJka c QoprtaaHm -t- om sBykono-gpa*amerreH enaaon *au.s-ti c ua[-o6qo 3HarreHue'usqafJaM.sByk'. @akme, qe 3a MHoeo crr[]peueuuu HegeemuMOAoeu3upaHu eâe()Au cbc 3HaqeHue'ao8opl; 6tp6opn'l'to>ke ga ce goka>ke npou3xog om pegynluqupauu aBy-konogpa>kamelHu koprn,tekcu: cp8. Hanp. c 6rna. 6ap6opa, -urtp-tnoprr,g bp{J o ps,, n u m. mu rme t i'ltt prraop.a', plcpdti 6t,p6opx'.

II. Ilpeaneg't m Ha 6rrnaapckume HasBaHurr Ha prrkama u Heiluumeqacmu ycmaHotll8a, tle u npu mflx e akmyanua meHqeHqurrma krr.a ekc-npecu8uocm, Ho ce koHcmamupam u HaeBauus k:d1no guut, takuttt, koumoue npume>ka8am ekcnpecu8Hu cuHoHuMu, koemo ce o6lcHlrvta c <fakma,qe me HascltJ:r[Jam rtacmu Ha mrrlomo, kclumo ce xapakmepu3upam cbccpaBuumenn o uet-iucoka nepuenmu SHa "usnbkHillocm". flpaEr nr ce u3 Bo-qu omHocHcl nt,ptloHaua^Hurr xapakmep Ha mexHume erhuuoHu, aa koumc'lce omkpuBa munonoeuqecko cxoqcm8o B uor.auuaqurma u ceManmqHamaeBonkrqux kamo ce qokae[Ja pasSo[ om g18yumilrc ontrc:att'tettut ruts\ururc,

34

koemo c rneqpHue Ha Eperraemo oaay6fla ugenmurpuqup4ulul cu koMno-HeHm. 3a e mquc'rHa Ha iltkant e Brrgr'lo:kna nrp8oua.ra^Hama Et mperUuaQopr.aa 'ue8u8ka', 4 sa emuMo*tHq gtefl - 'nnockocm'.

- lloguepma8p cp,19 3a enluMoHume Ha geemur\4o4oeu3upaHume Ha3-Bauus Ha pukama, koumo uuam ekcngrecu8Hu cuHoHuMu, e Brr:l,ao>kHo npeg-noâeaHemo ua nr:, p8oHaqaêH ekcn pecu8eu xa pa kmep.

Om6eass8a ce, qe xapakmepHa sa HasBaHul ua p.ukama u ueUHumeqacmu e c'bulo maka JflenoHu,*lutunoB ceMaHmuqHomo uM pas8umue, ko-flmo e r-6u1a munoAoauqecka oco6eHocm Ha coMamuqHama nekcuka. TakaMHoao tlm crrBpenaeHHume uas8aHut Ha ptrkama u HelHume .{acmu [J on-peqeleHu nepuogu orn ucmopu.teckomo pas8umue Ha esuka f"icmrn8arn IcuHoHuMHU omHoureHu.n noueTkqy cU - pe3yAmam orn Mcm()HuMurtHomouu-pae8umue, u nopagu mo8a u B omHorueHufl Ha konkypenqul, a c'brqomaka ce noqlaaarn ua geiicmEuemo Ha ceMaHmuqHarna aHanoaurtr, koemoe ocma6uno (xnneqa rnbk [J m;rxHom o ceMaHm u u H o paa I urn ue. llpu tle*ga mce npuMepu om eauko8ama guaxp()trufl u cuHxpoHurr, c8ugemencmtJaulu3a m03u Quk-.

OmqumilHemo Ha Stsuorkuocmma 3a MenloHuMuqHo paa[lumue usa nr,pBouaqaAen ekcnpecu8eu xapakmep ce u3noae{la kamo kakrq kt rvr

paskpuBane Ho ernuMoloauama ua nekcplraama puka, kolmo noqrnu He

lpegus8uk8a cnopr{ie. Ocnop8a ce pekoucmpykqurma Ha nbp8oHaqalHaBrrmpeuHa Qopua "crr6u pau ; 9u6u paula" sa 6anm rrna [Jfl Hck onr) cokrilfil urt :uo uaa8aHu e *iunkd, usEe*gana qpe3 cbnocmaBkama c Aunl. ittk ti 'ct 6u-paur', mr, I kamo npomu8opequ Ha HonruHaLluoHHo-munonoe uqeckume crco-GeHocmu Ha coMamuqHama nekcuka u Ha o6uloeauko[:]unre meHgeHLluu,3aulomo Has8aHue sa Beqe naeotlau qeHomam npegHaMepeHo ce CrrsgaBaunu kamo ekcnpecu8Ho, ulu kamo no-ukouorrauqno HaetJaHue. Ees qa ceomx[ltpnn Bprrskanra c Aum. fi*ti 'cr,6upaM', ce gonycka Has[iaHuerno cBrrmpeuua Qoprvra "cr,,6upau; crr6upaqa" nt p[loHaualHo qa e 6uno HasBa-Hue Ha uH_cmpyMeHm, npeHeceuo rraemarlopur.lHo flt,pxy p.r]kanra, unu qpe3crrnocmaf']kama c ma ku[Ja HeqeemuM c)Aoau3upaHu H a:Ban us sa'ruena' om6pnaapc k-un gua,rekmeH k.Hmuuyyu kamo c n tuc k o, fi n n * a'Luena', k.umoca oe8gp6amuBuu u coMamuqHonlo 3HaqeHue ua kclumo ce ocMucArr kamo8nropu.uHo, 3a 3HaqeHuent()'p't,ka' Ha * ranki ce npeqn()Aaea Menr()HLIMuq-Ho pa:Bumue om 3HaqeHue 'Luena', no MemoHuMuqeH nbm pil38unr() ()mnr,pBoHaqanlto 3HaqeH ue'Luena - ko,ru qecm Bo'.

flpouexoc-; om HastJaHurr ga konu.recmfJrr ce flpeefl')Adaa u 3a coMa-mutlHume Has[]aHu.n uteila u ?p't cnt, kakmo u 3a pequu,a uuq0efiponeilckuHasuauur sa 'prka" u 'uJena'. i<,rrnr,, mpaququ()HHo ce enrurra,)n.',rrrrf,rakam cl npu me>ka 8 illr..t u nbp[.lt)H a q i]AH a St m peruH a Qopnra "ct,6u pau ; x8a-ulaq". Tesu xunomesu noglJclrurtJam ga 6r,ge o6rcHeHa u ripuuuirarna 3apaaHoo6pa3uerno ua nastjaHurnla 3a 'pt,ka (kumka)'u 'Luena'B npocrn-

fl

35

paHcm8eu acnekm, koemo e cBt,psauo na npt,B noeneg c t'Auncama Hacmapo, o6u1o sa Bcuqku uHqoe8pone[qu uae8aHue 3a 'pt,ka (kumka)"',koemo A. EpklkHep koncmamupa u kBanuQuqupa kamo "cmpaHHo". To epe3yÎnam, om egHa cmpaua; ua akmuBHomo o6pasyBaHe Ha ge8ep6amu8-Hu uae8anun ea.konuqecmBo ('tuena- koluqecmBo!) u m;rxHomo MemoHu-.MuqHo ceMaHmuqHo pas8umue u, om gpyaa- na o6paey8aHemo ua ekcn-pecuBnu HaatlaHun ua-pt kama u ue[nume qacmu- npc,1-Ba Ha o6uloesuko-Bama meHqeHu,un krrna ekcnpecu8uocm.

VmoqHlBa ce c'bulo maka HenpequsBuk8aqama cnopo8e emuuo,r,o-eufl Ha 6rrnz. nekcewa rnuuulo, gual. nttutka, koflmo ce cBtrpa8a c HaeBa-Huemo ua uuukama. Ocnop8a ce uqerrma fuyckya'qa e netiHomo ntp8o-HaqaAHo 3HaqeHue (kakmo e cnopeg EEP Hanp.), rnb[ kamo mo e cB'upsa-no crrc c't BpreMeHHume npegcma8u 3a aHamoMuflma. Ilpunaaanemo Ha k(u-HumuBeH noqx()q krru nekcukaAHOmo 3HaqeHue c omqumaHem() Ha qaH-Hume na gemckama peq kamo o6ekmuBusupaul kpumepu[ riokas8a cneg..: iHama sakoHorraepHocm B e8onkrqurrma Ha noHflmuemo'uryckyrr', kr-rrmo cekoHcm am u pa q pe3 ekcnepurraeHmirlHume naSrrlogenur Hag e8onloqufl maHa gyMama nyckytu B gemckama esuko8acucmeMa. flemckcmoesuko8ocbsHaHue, koemo cpa8HumelHo paHo yc8oaBa gyvrama, ua[-Hanpeg r cBup-e8a c rvryckynunte Ha pr,qeme, om koemo ce npa8u us8ogom, qe me canepuenmutlHo "Ha[-u3nbkHaAu", mtf kamo ce.acou,uupam c npeqcma8a-rrla 3a culama. ToSa e c6rrp:aHo c npakmuueckama ge[Hocm ua .lo8eka..flBuo mo8a e nrrpEouauaAHama qeHomamHa omHeceHocm Ha emuMoHa HallltLru{a. .fiokasamencmBo sa mo8a e u 3HaqeHuemo 'MutuHuqa'Ha cm6.nAhttx6l"f,A u crr8pretueHHomo 3HaqeHue ua 6rrrra. /rekceM.atuuultr/lt, t"tH. u., ko-,mo He e pa3uupula 3HarreHuemo cu aHaloauqHo Ha emuMoAoauqHo c8op-3aHume c Hefl HasBaHu, om gpyau e3uuu (cpB. c pyc. nuuuln 'vryckyn'), ace c8rrps8a caMoc ruryckynume B paueHuul noac (cp8. He8rrauo>ks(rcmmaHa maku8a ynompe6u kamo *rtututtqu ua kpakanm, *kopenuu ,nuuuqu).Tuko8Hume peqHuqu ua 6t naapckus eeuk nenpa6urrHo npegcma8lmnekceuama kamo os.Haua8aula'ruyckynu'. flageHuam cnyua[ e npuMep 3amo8a kak nosualJaHemcl Ha emuMonoeurrma Ha EyMama pro>ke gd 6t gen()Ae3Ho sa pas6upaHem() ua ue[Hama gHeuHa ceiliannruka.

flpu pasane>kqaHemo Ha uasuauu ilma gccuutlil u tona HaMupa npu-norkenue noqxoqbm Ha omrrumaHe Ha npuMepu, nrpakmy[laHu kimc2 pe-emuMoloeu3allul Ha Has8aHurlma, 3a ymouHr8aHe Ha mrxHama emu-MOAOaUrI.

Pasane)kgam ce c'btuo maka muno,roauqecku oco6eHocmu Ha ceMaH-muqHu, pasBoii Ha Has8aHuflma Ha pt,kama B 6uaapckug esuk. TnxHomoQopvrynupaue e 8a>kuo sa paskpu8aHemo ua Hnkou mexHu gepu8amu. kcl-um() q()ceea He ca HaMepunu o6rrcHeHue.

Ha nt,p8rl Mrtcmo, kanro ycmcliiuu8a oco6eHcrcm Ha Has[JaHurrma Ha

36

p'bkama ce nocoqBa 3HaqeHuemo tuna, Blacm', ktlemo MHoeo om mrlxpas8uBam u koemo ce onpeqel, kamo ceruaHmuqHa yHu8epcanua, et ruka-ula ce Ha npegcma8uama sa pt kama u He[Hume qacmu kamo ge[cm[3euu,cunof'lu opaaHu. flpu8e*gam ce npuMepu om ucmopuflma Ha 6t naapckutesuk u munoloeuqecku napazrelu om gpyau e3uqu. B koHmekcnta Ha ma3umunoloauqecka oco6eHocnl ce paskpuSa c8rrpaBaqomo stJeHcl B crraucno-Bomo paa8umue Ha peeucmpupaHume B peuHuka na I,4. CpesHeBcku,rek-ceMu: pattsmuti = pantsttttti cuAeH', 'aparvtaeeH', pA&rbno=pA/ueu0'Hanpea-Hamcll, tuAHt'r','cmpeMumeAHo', parusH'[ tunHo, >kecntokcl', pAIA,AHbrm :pann'tnun tuAeH', '>kecmok, melkt k', '6bp3', 'Hacmt'lrmeAeH', 'epaMaqeH','pe6HocmeH', paM,ano 'cuAHt)', 6bpso', 'MHt)ao', pLAt,Aillil( 'uanpe>keuue',paittanhcTBo'cuAa, kpenocm', paa,r,*nt'HanpeaHamo', tuAHo', lcypcltlo',koumo He ca HaMepunu o6lcHeuue B emuMonoeuqHume peqHuqu u ea ko-umo ce onpeqenr, qe mo[Ja ca uasfJaHut, npclusBoqHu om ncn. *ramo u*ramg'paMo'.' Kamo ycmo[uu8a ce pasane>kqa u ruema<[opuqHama ynompe6a Hauae[Jauulma Ha ptkama B sHaqeuue lpaakaoH_eH_u_-e;_k:roH*_kacuue]. flpu-Be*gam ce npuMepu om ucnlopurnla Ha 6tnaapckur eauk u on"l gpyeue3uu,u. B koHn:ekcnla Ha ma3u munonclau.recka oco6eHocm HastJanuemcrtutuuka cbc 3HarieHue 'cnrrr6lrl, Beil.ka, apaHka, kn{lHr, koento EEP npeo-cma8x kamo HerrcHo, ce pa:ane>kga kamo ceMaHmuqen gepu8am om co-Mamu qHom o Has(JaH ue,/n t ll I u lo, qua,t. ttt t t t t t k u.

Ha ocuofJama Ha pa3eneqaHume npuMepu Ha ceMaHmuqHo pasBu-mue Ha HastJaHurma ua p'tkama ce npat3u usfjoqbm, ue EcrrulHocm B uc-mopuueckul pae$o[ Ha nekceprume ce Ha6nklqalJa egHa quknuqH(rcm, eq-ua no8mopreM(rcm Ha Moqelu u munofJe. Tasu nofJmoprreMocm g npor8aua sakouorraepHocmume B nekcukanHo-ceMaHnluqHanla quaxpoHurr.

III. Ilpeaneq'r)n1 Ha Ha:fiaHuqnta xa kpaka u seaoBume qacnlu [i 6r,n-, aapgkur np(rcnrpaHcntBeH koumuHyyu koucmamufra mlxuomt) uek rklqu-rnelH() eonlM() pit:ttoo6pa3ue,'MHoe() n()-aon tMomo, ontkonkomo npu Ha3-6aHurma Ha pbkama. TcrcfJuqeme,tcntBa ea qeiicm[JeHama cula Ha nleH-qeHuurrma ktu ekcnpecu[iHticm cnprMo nrrrx u 3a mrrxHama ueycmo[-qutJocm. Taeu Heycnrotrqul]ocm ce e'boku u ua om6erur3aHama t]t,l] BmopaalafJa ua,tkama nepuenmu$Ha "u3nrrkHalocm" Ha kpaka u occl6uuo uaHeaolJume qacntu, npon'1u['11yqsilcnrBaulu Ha pe3ynmama Ha nteHqeH[.t,urrrnakr,u ekcnpeculiHocm. flopaqu motJa ce npa8u ustloqr,m, qe e N,{anko [lepo-flrnHo ga uMa cmapuHHu Ha:s['lauul cpeo ctBpeMeHHurne ua:BaHul Ha kpa-ka u crcr'r6eHo ua HeaeltJume qacnlu. 3a mo[Ja ctJuqemencmfia u <pakmr,,m Hapa:Hoo6pa3ue u cpeq Heyntpan Hume HasBaHul sa 'kpak'8 6anmocnat'lrrHc-ku koHnrekcm HanpuMep: cp8. 6t,,*. kpik, pyc" ttoeo, nol. n()ga. ,tunr" kcrja'kpak'.:l'aka qe He e c^yga[iHocnt r]rakmr,nr, qe HrrMa equHHo uHg;rrctlpro-

.37ne[cko uzru cna8qHcko Has8aHue u 3a 6eqpo', 'nog6egpuqa', 'aAe3eH', lnpa-

ceq'. ToBa e tlakm, koiimo ce nogyepmaBa om peguqa esuko8egu, Ho 6esga ce mbfrcu Heao8omo o6tcHeuue (E. Pycek, 0. Eeszra[, O. H. Tpy6auoB).

Om6errns8a ce c'btqo maka vremoHurruHomo ceMaHmuqHo paeBumueHa peguqa nas8aHus na kpaka.

flpa8rm ce Ha6,rlogeuua u B'upxy odupthrc oco1euoattu B uonuua4u-'tuna npuHegeenut/uo/to?usuparutnre uaeBauua Ha kpaka u Heao8ume qacmu,koumo cnegtla qa 6rrgam omqumaHu npu emuMonoeuqHurr aHanu3 Ha ge-emuMoloau3upaHu HaeBaHuq :

1. 3Haqeuuemo 'mtHok, gt'nrre kpak'(c kakBomo ce xapakmepu3u-pam o6ukxoBeHoekcnprecu8Hume HasBaHus Ha kpaka) qecmo ce nocmuaa,koaamo uasBaHue ua npegMem c Qoprraa ua npt uka (lemBa) ce usnola8arvrema<[crpuu Ho: cpB. n at t mpu ? Lt, k o k u n,t,,uo rno 0 u ttl, 4 afi a pa (osnau a8ac'bulo u 'Bug c8upka'), c9rtltka, nuulntka u gp. Krrrra ma3u epyna ce omHa:csm peguqa HastJaHus ea 'kpak', cb3gageHu qpe3 MemaQoJfuueu npeHoc'na ekenpeeu8uu-nao8auul c Ha[-o6u1o sHaqeHue 'mosaa, nbpmBo gbp6o',sa koumo vrtr>ke oa ce goka>ke oHoMamonoemuqeH npou3xog: cp9- youzatt'kpak' c g*oueyt tmrr6no Ha pacmeHue unu grp8o, ocmaHalo 6ea Bprx uAucma'- Has8auur om mkrpkcku onouamonoemuqeH npou3xog (M. Moc-koB). MematlclpuuHuam ceMaHmuqeH npeHoc Ha HagBaHufl Ha morrau u HanpeqMemu c <|roprura ua npouka B.p*y kpaka u ueaoBume Llacmu ctom-BemcmBa Ha koHcmamupaHama yruBepcalufl, qe npu qacmume Ha rrutlo-mo Soprnan ra, I mcltla quclo u npuauakt m "npogrrnaoBagnocm", ce xapak-mepu3upac8ucclkanepqenmuBHa..u3nukHaA(rcm,,.

2.Vll'z.a npuMepu Ha npeHoc Ha uas8aHun na kpuBu npegMemu, kpu-Bu nprruku Bt,pxy kpaka, koumo ca 6nusku go moky-ulo npegcmaBetrume:cpB. c kcrckengllta (<kerck kpuBo u3pacHana guHrr, nr,neu').

3. MH<lao om qumupaHume ekcnpecu8uu Has[JaHurr aa 'kpak'ca npe-HeceHu uaaBauun na npegrtaeniu om 6uma: nontohu,ttl, notttilptizu., kokunt,BunanL u gp.

4.,I4ua na:8aHurr, nonyrreHu qpe3 rnremarlopuqeH npeHoc Ha HasBa-Hurr Ha kpaka (u uacmume rury) na icu8clmtro: konunto'kpak', 6ym'6egpo'.

5. WrvtaekcnpecuBHu HaeBaHus, nplko uomuBupaHu om ekcnpecu8-Hu s Bykon ogparkamenH u anaa olu: d trb na ru 1 u (< d "trcb n u n), ru t i ru t (< ut a i n a u),

6. Kamo qlno npaf3u BneqamneHue rfoprvralHama BapuamuButrcm B

Has8aHurrma, koflmo ce o6tcst8a c mexHun ekcnpecu8eH xapakmep:ad nto n u I 4,t dnzz',r u I p leea e, rcph ue a n a I rcph n sa a o, pb na ru1 u I ah noH 4 u.

7 .Wl.r.a u aauucm[JaHu HasBaHua:6a gatt, 6atgap, koumo e B't arrao>k-

Ho ga ea eaurucm8aHu kamo ekcnpecu8Hu HasBauus, m'u[ kamo sauN{cm8a-Hemo, kaknro 6eue nocoqeHc), ruro>ke qa ce pa3alerkga kamo npolBa Hanocm ue aHem o Ha ekcn pecu Bu (rcmm a u pes QoprvranHu cpreec m8a.

B. rIpcx8a Ha nocmueaHemo Ha ekcnpecuBnocrrlma c <poprraernnu cpeo-

38

cmBa ca c'br.rlo maka Ha3BaHuflma c ekcnpecu8Hu Hacma8ku kamo: kpa-4 oHgb/t, k pauyng pu, ru.AflneHg apu, k e rck e ugpa,,4boHg pu.

9. 3a Has8aHuama Ha aleseHa, cpeg koumo, om egHa cmpaua, cekoucmamupa eolflMo pasnoo6pa3ue, a om gpyea- Aunca ua uoBu ekcnpe-cuBHu ua:Banu"a, ce uskas8a npegnonorkenue, qe ntpBonauanno mo8a ca6uau uas8anu.,r Ha uairku o8a,,rHu npegMemu, B mo8a qucno u ua eapo8e,kaNro.rema, kokairuema 3a uepa, npeHeceHu uema(popuuno Brrpxy aleseHaBoB Bpernreua, koaamo ca 6unu akmyannu uapume c kokanqema (cp8. 6ua.etesev c'bc cmuHg. gl6ha 3ap'; 6ttlr-. koka$te'zte3e+'cbc cmap. rorrccrl,oq'kocmurrka (ceruka) Ha nAog', num. kulKnis 'kokanue, aAe3eH'c lum. kulk5ne'Astragalus - pacmenue om ceueficmBo 6o6oBq'). IlpaBu ce us8ogom, uemexuume HoMuHauuoHHo-munoloauqecku napalelu mpx66a ga ce m'bp-cflm uMeHHo cpeg nasBanurma ua sapo8e, ualku o8arruu npeqMemu,3akoumo no npunqun e xapakmepHa oHoMamonoemuqharna uomu8upaH(rcmu pegynnukaquflma kamo crro8oo6pasy8amenHo cpegcm8o: cp8. cmap,,yoyy6l,oE b6tl', cm6. rxronr 'kt kluqa', 6'bAa. guat.6ap6yai, kt pkatiltka'cmtk reHo monqe sa uepa', 6 pi, u6a a e u rca'oBue ue npa)kHeHue', g s u H g :]y lt -k a'cltuPag>kaxka' u gp.' B konmekcma na uerro>keHume o6u1u HoMuHaquoHHo-munoloeurrec-ku oco6eHc\cmu Ha nas8anusma na kpaka u ueaoBurne qacmu ce Qoprvly-Aupam xunome3u omHOcHo npou3xoqa Ha geemuMoloau3upaHume uaaBa-nun: k pak, k utk a, 6agpo, ?o /t? aH.

3a couamuqHomo nas8auue [7,rak ce npeqnolaaa r'aomu8upaHocmom ekcnpecuBHcl HaaBaHue c'bc 3HaqeHue'kpuBa np'uuka'c oHoMamonoe-muqeH npousxog, o6paay8ano qpe3 HentAHa pegynnukaqur. flpu8e>kgamce npuMepu ua uaetJanu.fl c Haii-o6u1u :uaueuua'kpu8a nprrukalu'uanukoBaneH nppe g r'lem' c l [JeH Qopualeu napanelus'brvr, o6paeyBauu Ll pes n'bnnau HenbAHa peOyn.,rukallurr, gonyckaulu pekoucmpykqun ma na rloprr,rume*kt,rk-/*kVrk-/nkrVk- (Qopruru c Hen'rrnHa pegynnukqul) unu *ktrkr,r- unogo6Hu (<foprvru c n'blHa pegyn rukaqur).

3a emivrona Ha coMamultHomo Has8anue k utka'Ggpo'ce npegnorraaanrpBcluauaAHo coMamuqHo 3HaqeHue'ele3eH, kokanue', pasBumo Mema-Qopuur"ro om 3HaueHue'uanrrk oBaneH npeguem' Ha oHoMamonoemuqHone npou.sxog Ha:BaHue, o6paay8aHo qpe3 HenbAHa pegyn,tukatlur. Kou-cmamupa ce aHaloauueH QclpualeH u ceMaHmur{eH napalenu3bu, kakmonpu pa3eleqaHume Bt B l3prrska c HaaBaHuemo kpak HasfJaHu.fl .

flo noBog Ha pa3?AegaHume ouoMamonoemuqHu Has8aHus ce ymoq-H-aBa, .le e B'beN,ro>kHo rurkou om ffrrrx ga uMarn Hesa8ucuM npou3xoq, Ho qe

He e B'bsruro>kno Bcuqku me ga ca BbsHukHa,tu a6conkrmuo HosaBucuMo,mt I kamo ca om 6,rusku quanekmu. I4skas6a ce MHeHue, ue Qclpuanno-ceMaHmuqHuflm napalenu3bM npu cBt,psauume c 6r,ra. kpak u kutka

39

Has8aHun clfn8e*ga kt na koucmamupaHufl Qakm, ue urrgr-re8pone[ckumekopeuu on'l muna Ha *ker'-/*kel-, xger-/tgel- riMam ctBnagaUu 3HaqeHur.

npou3xog,ce pasune>kgo kamo ceMaHmuqeH geputlam rlm ncn.*bt id-'rrem8a; npegr.aemc makaua rloprrla'(uuumo koHmuuyaHmu ca 6rna. furpgo 'qacm Ha mtkaqHuq'cmaH, c koRnro ce Ha6uBa Bt,mt krrn',dptru.qe 'qacm Ha n.,rya', pyc. gual.6eptp, 6eptp'kon ga sakpenBaHe Ha pu6tuo8uu npuuagne*<.noimu', ykp.quan. 6ap11x'napue grp8.o, qeneHuqa', 6ep4e 'ko6unuqka ua kapyua', i*-,-n<-ttt. burca, bcrce, bierco, non. qual. bark 'ct trlomtl u gp.), sa koemo kamogokasamencmBo ce nputie*ga Qakm't,m, ue ruremam-e:upauama Qopr"ra6egpo (< *bt,rdo) [} pyckume ao8opu tuupoko e pa3npocmpaHeHa c'be 3Ha-qeHue'qacm ua rnrrkaquufl cmaH, c krumo ce Ha6uBaBrrmrrktrml u cbc 3Ha-LleHue'tuurh oa nJreqpa>kqaHe Ha pekama no Bprcue na puSonbB'(pae8umuom u3xogHo3H&qeHue'nern8a'). B maktB cnyuafr u $oprvrama Ha pyekomocoMamuqHo HasBaHue 6cinp 'noq6eqpuqa', ouaA.'6eqpo', sa kt)emo ce npeg-noâaa, qe e entUMOA(yeuqHo c8rrpsaHt'l c qeglpor g uoBogunra om *bt rdt,ko6es mpyguocmu (cpB. c 6rne. eap4a < *surdt,ko). Kamo gokasamencmSoee npu8e>kga u ykp. gual. nasB4nue6epgn'ueg'uaaBa pt ka'u cpa8r-leHuemoom 6enopyekunie aoSopurygruak 6epgo, koumoc8ugemelcm8&m 3a aco-quupaHemo ua ncn.thrrdtr (unu Ha Heao8ume konmuHyanmume) c npeg-cmaBama ea cr\a6ocm, HegoaaBocm, koemo Stllnroano ga ce pa3?Ae*gakamo yczroBue sa memaQopuqnama ynomgle6a Ha Has8aHuemo-3a ekcnpe-cuBno uaso8*BaHe Ha qocm ua qoBeurkr)mo rrurno. K'ur*a mo8a emuMoloauq-Ho eHe3go ce omHacrm u pyc. gu'an. 6qtka 'npaceq' u 6epkatuqe 'nr46eq-puua','aopuama qacm Ha kpaka Ha >kutiomnt)', kournoca Bteut-r>kHukamokoumuuyaHmu Ha *bt,rd-uk- 6es ur8rrpueHa mpema nanarnanu3aqufl u celu3u, qa d, no.,r. borki l't.H..t. 'paMeHe', qeru b,edra wn- u.'coulom{/ u gp.

B sakllo.renUemo (2lg-224c.) ua qucepmau,usma ce ntrcoqBa qe:l. flocmuauamume pe3ynmamu npu koHkpemHu, emuMoloeuqeH

aHaau3, nokasBam, ue nraka, kakmo e Qoprvrynupiro, no"*.rgukama Ha ce-MaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykqut "pa6omut'.

2. @oprnrynupaHume npu emuMoloeuqHomo uscneqfJaHe Ha 6tnaap-cku crlrraantuqHu uae8aHu, xunome3u uMam npemeHquume sa nrakcupran-ua r6ekmu[JHocm. mt[ kamo ce ocuo[JatJam Ha apyno8a pekoHcmpykqux,npeqnolaaaula omqunlaHemo Ha o6tqume munonoeuqecku trco6eHocmuHa ?pynama Ha coMamuqHanta nekcuka kamo qlnq Ha qaHHume Ha ceMaH-muqHur napanelu3rM u Ha o6lqoesukcltJume sakouoruepH()cnru npu u3-cneq[Jauemtt ua []cltko c()ManlurrHo uaaEauue. Tosu usc,regil[iamencku nog-xog cbnn'lSenrcnrHa xa pas6upaHemo 3a sakc'rHorraepHux xapakmep Ha nek-cukamr>ceMaHnluqHanrrr quaxpoHul.

40

^ 3.-Kamo qrlo, usBrrpuenomo emuMonoauqHo uacneg8aue samBop-

rkgaBa Bneqamneuuemo, koemo ce crgt,p>ka u B r.(umupaHama Muc.bl HaM. M.IlokpoBcku, ue B cno8omBopuecmBomo "qo8eukama rlaHmasurue molko8a mBopu, konkomo Brrp8u no aomcl8ul, Beue na6e,rgaaH n.bm",u mo8a onpaBga8a apynoBama pekoncmpykqux, npomuflontrcma8r[ku qHa ttamoMapHama".

4. Hanpa8eHume usBogu omnocHo o6ulama xapakmepucmuka Ha me-MamuqHama apyna Ha,coMamuqHama nekcuka, Hesa8ucurvro om mo8a, ueB no-aonxrvrama cu qacm ce trcuo8aBiim Ha 6rrraapcku gualekmeH Marne-pual, Moaarrl qa ce u3nonsBam npu emuMoloauqHomo uscleq8aHe u HacoMamuqHa nekcuka om gpyeu e3uqu, 3aulomo ce omHac.flm 3a munonoeu-qeckume oco6euocmu ua mo8a ceMaHrnuqHo none. EmuMoloaurrHomo u3-cnegBaHe Ha 6rrnaapcka corraamuqHa nekcuka nokasa,..re me ca npuno>ku-,rru 6es usklk).reHutr, mu[ kamo npomuBclpeqaulume uM Ha npt B noanegnasBaHurr Moeam ga nolyqarm y6equmelHo o6rcHeHue qpes c'rro6pasrBa-H9MO C ITUIX.

OctJeH cucmeMamusupaHemo Ha nocmueHam()m() [J tl6nacmma HaceMaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykqua pa6onrama uMa u meopernuqeH npuHocu mori e B cleqHume uacoku:

l. Kamo ymoqHeHue krrrra nocmaHoBkama, qe ceMaHmuqHama pe-koncmpykqurr ce Hpkgae om koetunuthett nogxog krn ,tekutkafilonto:]tru-qeHtte nopagu neo6xoquuocmma om omqumaHe Ha nosua8amelHamaQyHkqurl Ha esuka, kcumo crr8naga c peQepeHrnHama (mrril kamo uMeHy-Banemo ua Betqma npeqnorraaa uedHomo noruauue), 6eue o6ocuoBaHaBrrsil{trruocmma 3a usnonsBaHe uayru$epca./lut,one ua ce"/uotttnu,qrilune ,n-tenta u na (iaknutt,rc Ha gaickarnapcv kamo ueaoBu odekmuhillupaurukprunepuu. Tosu ua8og e cneqcm8ue om me3ama 3a Henpomutlonocma8q-He r.ae>kgy esuko6ama cuHxpoHurr u quaxpoHux, uerkqy coqua^Homo u uH-gu8ugyaluomo.B eauka, sa Boauo>knocmml 3a ucmopuqecka uumepnpe-mau,ur ua cmpykrnypHume gaHHu ()m cuHxpoHeH xapaknrep u 3a c()u,uaAu-3upaHa u ubmopuuecka uHmepnpemaqus Ha AecHo ua6,rlogaevromo nopa-gu cBcuma koHkpemuocm uHquBueyanHo. ToBa, koemo e yHu8epcanHo,ce npeqnolaea, qe e ua[-gg;e8Ho, 3aulomo e koaHumu6Ho no-np()cmo. ToBa,koemo B gemckama eeukoBa cucmeMa ce yc8olBa no-paHo, ie npeqnona-ea, qee koanumuBHo no-nprrcmo om ycBuBaHomo nokrrcHo" lk-rHirmus-ma B qemckama eeuko8a cucrneMa cbu]o eBonkrupam I nclcoka om no-vanka ktM nrl-aon-s ua ktrauumu BH a cntukHocm.

2. Eeue omkpuma Bpt,:ka rvre*gy nepuenmu8Hama "g3J16[11nn1-pn1"Ha qeHomama, Mrrcmomo Ha HeaoBomo uasBaHue B cmpykmypama Ha c.b-om[]emHom() ceMuHnluqH() n()ne, om eqHa cmpaHa, u [Jrr:r.ao.>kHur 3a Hee()mun H()MuHat.r,ur{ - ()m qpyaa, krrcmo 6eue unkrcmpupaH() Br,pxy npuMepuHa Heqee-muMon()?u3upaHu coMamuqHu HasBaHu, u npu,roi<.eHo kamo me-

4lopemuqHa nocnrauo0ka npu emuMonoeuqHomo uscneg8aHe Ha geemuMo-AOe u3 upaH u HaeBaH ul. Tosu us8og nogkpren-a cmaucl8uulemo, ocnop8aulopa3npocnrpaHcHomo MHeHue, qe rraomu8upaulurm npusnak (u muna uaHoMuHaqul) xa xar8anuemo e clyqaeH, u ao ymoqHrr8a ue canao c ycmaHo-BsBaHemo ua Heaol]anra sa8ucuN,r(rcm om muna Ha HastfiaBaHama pealurrom npuHagne)kHocmma ira uasfiaHuerno kt,ru gageuoceMaHmuqHo nole, au otil 3ae/flil,tottto ottt uttgqattrctno ,aflcnto B cutpykntpafim Hd cuotn[Jenmo-nto cerfiaHtnuqH0 ,to"4e. B rnaeu nacclka 6erue gokasano, qe:HasBaHug omonucameneH mun ce ct rgaBarn caMo 3a geHpmamuc ualrka nepuenmu8uir"u3n'rrkHanocm" u qe caMo 3a mflx kamo vromu8upaulu ca Busrvro>kuu He-yHuBepcanHu npu3Haqu (B cnyraa npu coMamuqHune HasBaHuq maka8a euomu 8u paHocmma no SyHkqua).

3. Eeue o6ocuoBa8aua Heo6xoguMocmma om omqumano Ha Qak,mopunle Ha guHaMukama u ycmo[uu8ocmmana Has8aHurrma 3a u,elumeHa emuMonoaut{Horno uscleqBaHe. Tesu Qakrtopu uManl 5'nauenue npuueaparkgaue ua pa6omHama xunomp3a sa BclkoegHo uecneg8aHo ua:Ba-Hue u ce omHacflm go npoaHo3ama sa Heao8ur gpe8en unu uuoBaquoHeHxapakmep, go Bmut'r>kHocmma sa ekcmpaluHau8ucmuqHa ulu co6cm8e-Hoesukotia o6yc,ro8eHocm om meHgeHrluume c o6ul xapakmep, kak8amoe akmyannama 3a coMamuqnama rrekcuka meHgeHqufl kuu ekcnpecu8nocm.

4. flpegcmaBeHusm B pa6omama eguko8 Mamepual, sa ko[mo cenpegnonaaa oHoMamonoemuqeH npousxog, tuo>ke ga uMa npuHoc u B me-opemuqHomo paspa6om8aHe na npo6rreuume ua QouemuqHurr pas8ofl npuoHoMamonoenluqHu ekcnpecu8Hu HasBaHus. O6o6ura8aHemo ua uaSnlc:geHurm-a 6upxy o6uupeH M_amepual 6 maeu uacoka uo>ke ga gage omeo-Bop na Brrnpt'rca uMam nu I qumupaHume npuMepu arracuume B crrceg-cm8o crrccoHopHume cbelacHu c8apa6xakmuueH npousxoq ulu cneg8a gace aoBopu sa Eapuamu[JHocm orue Ha gpeBHa ocuo8a.

Om6engs8a ce u mclBa, qe He Bcu.rku "u3moqHuqu" Ha ceMaHmuq-Hama pekoucmpykqu.r, koumo 6axa pasazreqaHu I nt p8a ana8a, rvro>kaxaqa Hatvrepflm egHak8o npulcukeHue B npakniuqeckama rracm Ha pa6omama,u ma8a e o6lcnupro- mo ce onpegelrr om cnequrfuknma Ha uscleg[lauurMamepuan. Taka HanpuMep, ue pro>ka ga HaMepu npuncr>keuue uscnegBa-Hemo Ha Hccb3Hame^Hu peue8u ceMaHmuqnu apquku, kakBumo Moeamqa cc Ha6nklgatlam B np6qeca Ha o6uly8aHe. Cl6upaHemo na nogo6enMan'lepuan B egua 6'ageula pa6oma u o6o6ula8aHemo Ha usBogume rtao>keqa 6rrqe noê3Ho sa usyua8aHe Ha mun()Aoeuxma Ha ceMaHmuuHume np.r-MeHu u 'rpce molSa u 3a ceMaHmuqHama pe'koHcmpykqus. Kakmo 6eruen0Qlstr1n1itH(l u tl.ytlognama qacm, me()purma Ha ceMaHnruqHama pekoH-cmpykqul ce Hy*gue om o6o6ula8aue na ueBoqume om u:cnegBaHemc, uapa3Au rrcH ntunofl Mamepual.

42

OCHOBHI4 HAYTIH W NPWHACII

t. B gucepmauuflma ce u3naaam t6ulorqeopemuqHume ntEmauo8-ku ontHocuoeBonkruuflm4 Ha +eksukaaHama ceMoHnluka u r,4erpogu[<amaHa ceMaHmuqHama pekoucr;rpykqus. Te ca ua8egeHu no gegykmutleu nr,mnpu npuaa?gH@ Ha necrnurrcHurtrFq Ha qpckpunmuBH+m4 cenaaHnrukp, ncu-xolunp8gcrnukrlrna u couucr+uHaBuprnukarnq u qpE3 o6o6utaBaHe Ha noc-rnuaHamerng om rnoopemuqH4ma Muc'bl B ntaau o6nacrn. KonkpemHuflmemuMolo3uueH aupaus nokaca , He maka, kakrno e Qqptay,rupaHil, Merno-g uka p a H a cF M a H ryI! ll H a rna pek one rn py;< qul $ pa6orn u".

!. Kamo ymouHtrliup kr,M nocmaHo8kafna, ,lg cent0HmuuHama pe-ktrncmpykuua ee trpkga@ orn kor:uultut$eu no(Na(l kb4t tck,utkailrcuw:ln-qeHtrc n()paqu uooExoquu(rcmma on'l omqumaHe Ha ntnuallamenHama rfiyH-kqut na ea.uka, kotfno cr,llnaga c pre$epenmHarna (mr,ii kanro ur.aeHy8ane-mo Ha 8eu1ma npeqnoAaea ue[Homo no:Hauue), 6pue o6trcHo$aHa tl'r,s-ucr>kFcrcrnnla q0 UqnoA3BaHp uaynlil)apcanuttnc ltq ceryottttut,qrwlil( ttole-rrra u Ha $okryyq1ry He Tenrckaltu paq kamq Sealr8q adeknlu\utupauiltkpumcpuqt.fory pe$cq e oaegcr,nBu€ orn me3ama 3a Henpomu$onocmaBs-xe ue*gy psuko$arna cglr{po}tux u $uaxpoHun, r*p{<gy couuanHomo u uH-gu8ugyanHorno I psukq, ri1 Bt:rrao>\Hocmma ga upgepurreckq uHmepnpe:rnaqu, Hq cr,npykrnypHUme gaHHu om cuHxpoHerr xapakmFp u 3a coquanu-3upaHa u ucmopurtecka uumepnpemilqufl Ha AecHo Ha6nklgaer'a()nt() n()pa-gu ctltuma koikpemuocm uugu[SugyanHo. TgBg, koerno s yHutiepcarruo,ce npegnolaea, qg E Ha[-gpe8Ho, 3argomo e koaqurnu8Ho ncprrntr.mo. Tcilla,koemo B gemckapa esukcfia cucmeMa ce yc8ol0a no-paHo, ce nppgnola-ear qe e koauumu[ipo no-rlpocmo om ycBotBauomo nt>krrcno: flcrHflrnut-ma B qemckama e:ukotla cucmeMa cbulo e8onklupam H nrrcoka ()m n()-uanka kt,M no-aonsrua koauumu8ua cno;kuocm.

3. flo npuHqun $akmu Ha gemckama peq sa npt B ntm ce uHmep-npemupanl c oaneq Ha ceMaHmuqHama pekoncmpykuut.

4. Eeue omkpuma [lptska rtae>kgy nepuenmu8Hama "u3nbkHalocm"Ha qeHomama, Mrrcm()mo Ha Hoao8omo Has[UHue B cmpykmypama Ha ch-onrlJemuomo ceMaHmuqHo none, om egHa cmpaHa, u [Jt aucl>huux 3a He?omun H()MuHaqul - om qpyaa. TotJa 6eue unkrcmpupauo fir,pxy ftpuMepuua HeqeehruMoôeusupaHu c()MantuqHu nae8aHug u npuno>keHo kamo me-opemuqHa ntrcmaHofJka npu emuMoloeuqHomo uscneq[JaHe Ha qeemuMo-Aoe u3 upaHu Has0au us. Tosu ua8og noqkpeu cmaHtltJu ulemo, (rc nepflar,qirpa3np()cmpaHeHon'lo MHeHue, qe uomu8upaquflm npu:Hak (u muna HaHoMuHauul) na HastiaHuemo e cnyqaeH, u ao ymoqHrrtla He cauo c ycnlaHo-BtBaHemo na Heaolianta sa[Jucurraocm ()n] muna Ha Ha:o('la[JuHamil pealun.om npuHaqne>kHocmma ua uastJauuemo kt rta gageHo ceMaHmuttHo nole, atJ ont :Jocttenonto ottt na:t{lautrcnn ,uttcn,o B ctttltyk ttay!)anru tru c'bottt$enuto-

43

nto ccrfi(tilltilt.tilo twile.B maau uacoka 6erue goka3aHo, qe nasBaHus omonucanleleH mun cq er3go&om caMo 3a qeHomamu c ualka nepuenmu8Ha"usnbkHaAoem" u rle eeMCI sa msxkamo rrromugupaulu ca Bus*r.)d*u He-yHu8epcanHu npusHarlu (B cnyraa npu coMamuqHume Has8anus makaBa erraomullu paH()cmma ntr $yHkqux).

5. Eeue o6oenoBibaHa ueo6xoctuMocmma om omqurhaHe Ha Qak-mopume Ho guHaMukama u ycmtr[uu8rrcmtna:Ha Hae8aHusma 3a uelumeHa emuMoloauqHomo usclegBano. Teeu $akmopu uMam 3HaqeHue npuu:apa>kgaue Ha pa6omuama xunomega aa Bcrko e$Ho uscleg6ano naa8a-Hue u co omH&cflm go npoaHo3ama sa Heao8ux gpe8eu u,tu uuo8aquoueHxapa kmep, gcr 8'usrr4o*Hocmma ra ekcmpazruHaH8ucmuqHa ulu co6em8e-HtrcsukoBa rfyciro8eHocm om meHgeHuuume c o6tu xapakmep.

6. Ilpegema[JeHugm B pa6omama esukoB Mamepual, sa kofimo cenpegnolaaa oHoMamon()emuqeH npou3xog, ruo>ke ga uMa npuHoc u B me-op,emullHorno paspa6om8aue ua npoGnenaume Ha QouemuqHfix pas&r[ npuoHoMamonoemuqHu ekcnpecu8Hu nasBaHua. O6o6tuaBalrerno Ha ua6alo-geHurr,na B*p*y o6uupeu Mamepuan B maau Hacoka nao>ke ga gage omao-Bop na Errnpxrea uMarn au I qumupantlme npuMepu anacHume I ct ceg-cmBo sbc couopHurne ca,alactru c&apaSxakmuqeH npou3xog unu cleg8a gace ao8opu sa Eapuamultluercm oule Ha gpe8na ocno8a.

7. @opr.,rynu paHume npu ernuMonoeuq Hom o uscneq8aue xLlnomesuuMam npe meHuuunF 3a uakcumanna oSekmu8H(rcm, mrn& karno caueBrrp-ueHu qpa3 Bpyno8a g.rckmcnrpy,kqw, npegnonaeaqa urc*,e$alrenro na Bcq-ko egu<'r Hae$auue B kournekcma ua o6qume munoloauqecku oco6eHocmuHa apynama Ha coMarnu{Hanra nekcuka kamo q,rlno, npu omqumaHemo HaganHurne Ha e€lvxaHrnuqHurr narlaêû3'rrrvr u Ha o6r4oesuko8urne sako-HoMepHocrnu, koe rno. c'rrom8e nrcrnBa n a paa6u paHe m,o sa s akordoN4epn uflxapakrnep na rrekcukaAHo.s61,4411r-nuqHama guaxponurr. 3a nop8,u nt,mcoMamurrHa aekcuka emuMoaoauqHo ce uecneg8a qpe3 apynofla pekon-cmpykqura.

8. Hanpa8eHume ue Sogu or,nntrcnoo6u{ama xapakmepucmuka Ha me-MamuqHarna a.p)/na Ha coMarnu\Harna nekeuka, BesaBucurv{o orn mo8a, uetl no-aomrr,lalaa cuqacm ce ocno8a8am ua Gunaagrcku guanekmeH Mame-puan, Moaam ga ce usnolstiam npu enluMonoauqHorno uecneq[Jatre u HacoMitmurlHa nekcuka om gpyau e3uurr, 3au{(Xno ce ornHacxm 3a munoloeu-qeckume trco6oucrcmiu Ha m,o[Ja ceMaumutrno nole. Ernuruonerau\tHor,no u3-cnegSaHe Ha 6tonaapcka boruarnu,qHa nekcu,ka nokasa, qe me ba npuno*u-uu 6es u;knkrqeuux, mrril kam,o npomuBopeqaulume uM Ha nprr8 noerregHasBaHur Moitam ga nonyqam y6egumenno o6scu'euue qpe3 cie6pasrrBa-Hem() c mflx.

44

1.

Ily6lukatluu no meMama Ha gucepmallurlma

IIcl Bunpoca 3a Memoqukama Ha quaxpoHuqHume u3c,teqBauus Ha nek-cukarrHama cer.aaHmuka.- Bmopu konok8uyrta no esuko:uaHue.,[ok,raguu ct-,o6qeuua, Benuko Trpuo8o, 1994,77 -82;Errla. guan. 6ap u o, 6ap ta, 6pa u g1 a, 6pa rc a (Emu rrorroauqH u 6erre*ku ).-EonaapucmuqHu npoJtr Bauu.s. Me>kgyHapogeH ceMuHap no 6rrnaapckuesuk u kyrmypa. Beluko TrpHoBo, 1996,29 - 38;3a emuprorroeurma Ha 6arrmocrra8suckomo HasBaHue sa 'pt ka'' - OHo-MacmuqHo u emHonuHa8ucmuquo npocmpaHcmBo Ha eauka. C6opnukB qecm ua nop$. H. KoBaqeE, m. II, Beauko Tupuo8o, 1996,139 - 1421,

Memogozroeuq Hu 6ene>kku omHocHo emuMoloautlHu me u:cne gBaHuano meMamutlHu apynu (Br,pxy Mamepual om 6rrnaalrckama coMamuq-ua nekcuka). - ErrnaapucmuqHu npoyuBaHul. Me*gynapogeH ceMu-Hap no 6tlaapcku esuk u kylmypa. Berruko TrrpHoBo, 1997, ll5 - 127(neg-neuaml;3a ruremoHuMurlma B cerraaumukama ua gyuume /rrttltuta u fiutttHuqa.-C6opHuk B qecm Ha A. Angpe[uuH (nog neuam);Krrpremuuoloaurma naku,tka.- Tpygo8e ua BTV, m. 33 (nog neuam);Acnekmu Ha Memoqukama Ha ceMaHmuqHama pekoHcmpykqua. -TpygoBe na BTV, m.34 (nog neuam);Tunolclauqecku ocHo8aHu, 3a emuMoloaurtHume u3clegBaHug Ha Ha3-

BaHusma na kpaka. - flaleo6alkaHucmuka u cmapo6rrnaapucmuka.Bmopu eceHuu ue>kgyHapogHu qemeHu, B qecm Ha nporp. I4B. frrnt SoB(nog neuam);3a rukou oco6eHocmu npu Haso8a8auemo Ha prrkama B 6tnaapcku.-Eulaapcka kHu>ko8Ha u HapoqHa peu (C6opHuk c gok.,raqume om kc-rH-

QepeHqurma B qecm ua npo$. g-p M.Mnageno8, opaaHu3upaHa Ha?+25 $eBpyapu 1995 a. (nog neuam).

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