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Final Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Report December 2020 Version:01

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1.1 RISK ASSESSMENT & HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Risk assessment is a process to determine the nature and extent of such risk by

analyzing hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could

potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on

which they depend. It is an integral part of decision and policy making processes and

requires close collaboration among various parts of society.

The impact due to fire hazards, gas tanker explosion, major road mishap, floods,

earthquakes etc. occur due to avoidance of hazard. Elimination of risk is given prime

importance and National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has introduced strict

provision of road safety during the design of highway with following Road Safety Manual.

Details are given below:

Traffic Signs and Pavement Marking

Removal of junctions and direct access points on main roads

Safety barrier/delineators hard shoulders on main roads.

Improved median opening with stacking lanes

Separate provision and direct access point

Underpass and other grade separators at congested junctions

Service roads in towns and villages for segregating local and highway traffic

Safe use, handing, storage and transportation

Maintenance of means of safe access and egress

PROCESS OF RISK ASSESSMENT AND HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

During the risk assessment and hazard identification, observation and study of the

structure/process/site under consideration by risk assessment team is an essential

part of hazard identification as per consultation with the relevant section of the

workforce. During hazard identification, it is important to note that unsafe working

conditions are not confused with hazards. In Highway construction activities a lot of

risk involves and great threat to the speed of construction work. These risks are caused

due to association of several people like design department team, construction

contractor, sub-contractor, workers.

Remove

Reduce

Protect




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Figure: Hierarchy of Risk Control

RISK CONTROL MEASURES AND HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL

The hazard identification and risk assessment are to identify all the significant hazards

prior to the commencement of any potential high-risk operations, which may occur

during the construction and operation phase and to rank them accordingly based on

their severity. To consider ranked the risks, the contractor shall mitigate the effect of

risk by recording his findings on appropriate worksheets that shall mitigate the effects

of risk by recording his findings on appropriate worksheets that is applied to remove or

reduce the level of risk to an acceptable level.

Figure : Type of Risk in Highway Project

If contractor identifies the risk. Confirmation of risk-rank is the first step to remove the

risk. Step leaves behind some residual hazards, then the attempt has to be to reduce

1. Technical Factors: Material– Labor-

Equipment, Changes

imposed by Engineer,

Delay in handling over

the sites, Change in

scope, delays in

preparation of submittals

obtaining NOC’s, in

efficient planning &

design

2. Site Factors: Existing

Traffic, Archaeological

Finds, Unforeseen soil

conditions, inadequate

construction quality etc.

3. Commercial Factors:

Delay in payment,

inadequate claim

administration, poorly

tailored contract forms,

third party liabilities

Internal Risks External Risks

1. Environmental

Factors: Includes Bad

Weather conditions, Site

Contamination,

Environment Impact of

Project etc.

2. Social Factors: Cultural

differences, Immigration

of Labour, delay in land

acquisition etc.

3. Political Factors: Government Relations-

legislative Changes,

Changes in Rules and

regulation etc.

1. Utility Conflict: Inadequate

planning reviews by designers/

contractors, inaccuracy in site

data etc.

2. Right of Way: Error in

Assessment and delay in land

acquisition

3. Project Scope: Poorly defined

project scope, changes to

unforeseen environment

requirements

4. Construction Management

Factors: Poor communication

with owner and contractors,

delay of permits, sub contractor

errors, maintenance of traffic,

negligence of safety issues

5. Architect/Engineering Services:

Delay in survey, Errors in survey

& design, inexperienced

personnel, omissions, delay in

qualitative accuracy, Quality

Assurance and Quality Control

etc.

Other Risks

RISK IN HIGHWAY

PROJECT




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it to acceptable levels. Only in the last resort is the worker to be issued with personal

protective equipment (PPE) so that he/she can function in an unsafe environment.

GENERAL PRECAUTION TO BE MAINTAINED BY THE CONTRACTOR

Ensure health, safety and welfare of all workers while at work, including:

Maintenance of safe systems and without risks to health

Safe use, handling, storage and transportation

Information, instruction, training and supervision for health and safety

Maintenance of means of safe access and egress

Safe working environment

Provision of safe articles for use and without risks to workers

Necessary tests and examination for the use of articles before works

Adequate information for the use of articles in factory

Elimination/minimization of risks to health and safety wherever necessary

Application of suitable methods for prevention and accumulation of dust and fumes

Exhaust system for extracting toxic fumes and dust

Fencing system and device for every dangerous and moving part; all moving parts shall be enclosed

Striking gear and devices for cutting off power in an emergency safe working speeds not to exceeded for any revolving machinery

Safe working speeds not to be exceeded for any revolving machinery.

RISK AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS BASED ON HAZARDS

Infrastructure resilience, particularly related to transportation networks, is essential to

any society, especially when considering natural (and man-made) disasters. Serious

disruption to transportation infrastructure can have catastrophic impact on the ability

of the community business and economy to respond to and recover from a disaster.

The world’s dependence on transportation systems is continually growing as regional,

national, and international societal interaction and economic activities become more

fully integrated and interdependent. Recent events around the globe, including

significant seismic events have increased the awareness and importance of this fact.

Hence, it is of utmost importance for stakeholders to address the issue of designing

resilient transportation infrastructures. In particular, transportation infrastructures must

be able to withstand stress, maintain baseline service levels, and be stout in physical

design and operational concept in order to provide restoration to the system. Resilient

transportation systems may reduce the probability of failure within the system as well

as reduce the consequences of any failure that may occur, thus improving the time for

recovery. Moreover, analyzing the resilience of a transportation network adds

decision-makers in identifying specific weaknesses within the network, thus allowing

the proper prioritization of investments and mitigation.

Seismic resilience, particularly, as the ability of social units (e.g., organizations,




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communities) to mitigate hazards, contain the effects of disasters when they occur,

and carry out recovery activities in ways that minimize social disruption and reduce the

effects of future earthquakes. It is defined as a resilience function indicating the

capability to sustain a level of functionality or performance for a given building, bridge,

lifeline network, or community, over a period defined as the control time that is usually

decided by designer. Thus, transportation resilience can be defined in different ways:

1. The ability for the system to maintain its demonstrated level of service or to restore

itself to that level of service in a specified timeframe.

2. A characteristic that enables the system to compensate for losses and allows the

system to function even when infrastructure is damaged or destroyed.

In general, it is observed that there is no widely accepted measure for resilience of

transportation infrastructure for any mode of transportation. The review on disaster

resilience of transportation infrastructure exposes the systematic impact of disasters

on the resilience of transportation. Studies are setting levels of service or performance

measures for specific elements or qualitative measurements of resilience. More

detailed analysis and modeling take important issues, like specific typologies of

network components, spatial variability of ground motion and secondary induced

hazards (e.g., geotechnical hazards) observed in geographically distributed systems,

interdependencies between networks, system-level performance measures and

uncertainties. The framework encompasses in an integrated fashion all aspects in the

chain, from regional hazard to fragility assessment of components to the socio-

economic impacts of a natural disaster, accounting for relevant uncertainties within an

efficient quantitative simulation scheme, and modeling interactions between multiple

component systems in the taxonomy. Selected Performance Indicators (PIs) are

calculated for each network based on the estimated damages and functionality losses

of the different components under the given hazards. Ultimately, this contributes to the

assessment of the impact of disasters on the resilience and robustness of

transportation through a risk-based performance analysis on system level and through

identification of significant components and functions for minimizing losses and social

effects.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT (HIRA)

Hazard identification Risk Assessment is a process used to define and describe

hazards based on characterizing such as probability, frequency, severity and

evaluating adverse consequences, including potential losses and injuries. The method

describing the hazard identification and risk assessment is as follows:

Risk level is identified from the matrix based on the given rating.

The identification timeframe and keeping of a record of the hazard.

Risk involved in each activity and control measures are analyzed and Impact rating

and probability rating are given in Hazard Identification Risk Assessment (HIRA)

Sheet.




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Control measures are involved to bring the risk level to ALARP (as low as

reasonably practicable and residual risk at ALARP.

If the residual risk is not an acceptable level, then assessment process shall be

repeated to bring the residual risk at ALARP

The list of control measures for the activities is handed over to the concerned

execution engineer for implementation and the HIRA shall be explained to the

concerned workmen/ supervisor and engineers for implementation.

1.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

During any emergency, contractor/concessionaire will responsible to prepare

Emergency Response Plans for all work sites as a part of safety procedures. Ensure

that the plan shall integrate the emergency response plan of the contractor and all

other sub-contractors.

The emergency response plan shall detail the contractor’s procedure including detailed

communications arrangements, for dealing with all emergencies that could affect the

site. This include where applicable, injuries, sickness, evacuation, fire, chemical

spillage, severe weather and rescue. The contractor shall ensure that an Emergency

Response Plan (ERP) is prepared to deal with emergencies arising out of:

Fire and Explosion

Collapse of lifting appliances and transport equipment

Collapse of building sheds or structure etc.

Gas leakage or spillage of dangerous goods or chemicals

Bomb threatening criminal or terrorist attack

Drowning of workers

Landslides getting workers buried floods, earthquake, storms and other natural

calamities.

FIRE AND EXPLOSION

Fire and safety procedure will be developed and shall be integrated into Emergency

Response Plan.

ROAD ACCIDENT

In case of any mishap during road accident, the following contact number should be

contacted:

Helpline No. Description

100 Police

101 Fire

102 / 108 Ambulance

103 Traffic Police

104 Hospital on Wheels




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Helpline No. Description

1073 Road Accident

1033 Emergency Relief Centre on National Highways

1066 Anti-poison

1070 Relief Commissioner of Central/ State/ Union territory

1070 Central Relief Commissioner for Natural Calamities

1073 Traffic Helpline

1077 Control Room of District Collector/Magistrate

1090 Anti-terror helpline/Alert all India

108 Disaster Management

1091 Women in Distress

1092 Earthquake Helpline Services

1096 Natural Disaster Control Room

1099 Central Accident and Trauma Services

1099 Catastrophe & Trauma Service

112 General Emergencies Department of Telecommunication (DoT)

112 All in one Emergency Number

1910 Blood Bank Information

1913 Tourist Office (Govt. of India)

1911 Dial a Doctor

HAZARDS DUE TO EXTERNAL TRAFFIC

Hazards due to external traffic are as follows:

Due to fall in excavated trenches

External vehicle with other stationary objects in the side of the road

Construction workers hit by external vehicle during working

Collision due to improper traffic management

Collision between external vehicle and construction equipment/vehicles

Hit by construction equipment/vehicles

Injury to pedestrians

Use of carriageway due to blockage/absence of footpath

Contractor shall require to tie up with hospitals and fire stations located in the

neighborhood for attending any casualties promptly and emergency vehicle kept on

standby duty during the working hours for the purpose.

Contractor shall conduct an onsite emergency mock drill once in every month for all

his workers and his subcontractor’s workers. It shall be the responsibility of the

contractor to keep the local law and order authorities informed and seek urgent help,

as the case may be, so as to mitigate the consequences of an emergency. Initially,

prompt communication to NHAI through telephonically and followed by a written report

shall be made by the contractor subsequently.

1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANTS SAFETY

In view of safety of construction plant, contractor ensures that every construction plant

is in sound working condition and certified by either manufacturer warranty in case of




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brand-new plant or competent person under Factory Act. Such certificates have the

records of pertinent data such as date of purchase, accident to the plant if any,

overhauling if any in the past, visual examination result details and safety checklist of

critical components. The contractor maintains a work permit system for the

maintenance of movable part of the batching plant, hot mix plant etc.

A permit is required when construction work can only be carried out if normal

safeguard is dropped or when new hazard is introduced by the work i.e. high risk

activities includes but are not limited to:

Work in close proximity to overhead power lines and telecommunication cables

Entry into confined spaces

Hot work

Work with heavy moving machinery

Working on electrical equipment

To dig where underground services may be located

Work with radioactive isotopes

Heavy lifting operation and lifting operations closer to live powerline. The permit to work system should be fully documented, laying down:

How the system works

How the system works

The job it is to be used for

The responsibility and training of those involved

How to check its operation

Fire Safety

A work permit authorization form is completed with the maximum duration period not

exceeding 12 hours. A copy of each permit to work is displayed along with its validity,

in a conspicuous location in close proximity to the actual work location to which it

applies.

The contractor ensures that construction site is provided with fire extinguishing

equipment sufficient to extinguish any probable fire at site. An adequate water supply

is provided at ample pressure as per National Standard.

Ensure the recharging and proper maintenance of Fire extinguisher should be adhere

and as a minimum should meet the desired Indian National Standards.

The contractor gives consideration to the provision of adequate firefighting

arrangement within the underground and tunneling operations including the provision

of fire services compatible those connection and emergency lighting.

All the drivers of vehicle, foremen, supervisors and managers is trained on operating

the fire extinguisher and firefighting equipment.

As per DBOCW Rules 2002, Rule 63 (a) (vii), all lifting appliances driver cabin should

be provided with a suitable portable fire extinguisher.

Combustible scrap and other construction debris should be disposed of site on a




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regular basis. If scrap is to be burnt on site, the burning site should be specified and

located at a distance no less than 12 meters from any construction work or any other

combustible material.

Emergency plans and fire evacuation plans is prepared and issued. Mock drills should

be held on regular basis to ensure the effectiveness of the arrangements and as a part

of the program, the telephone number of the local fire brigade should be prominently

displayed near each telephone number on site.

Fire details, including those extinguished by contractor personnel is reported to the

Employer Representatives.

1.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN

The main aim of Occupational, Health and Safety Plan has been formulated to address

the occupational health and safety related impacts that may arise from proposed

developmental activities such as exploratory/development drilling, operation of drilling

rig and associated equipment, during drilling and decommissioning/closure of site etc.

In view of occupational health and safety, mitigation measures are as follows:

All the machineries, equipment and vehicle to be used in construction conform to

the relevant Indian Standards codes, is kept in good working condition, is regularly

inspected and properly maintained as per provision of IS and to the satisfaction of

the site engineer. Pollution Under Certification (PUC) certify vehicles are used in

operated.

No employee is exposed to a noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of

more than 8 hours per day. Provision of Personal Protective Equipment such as

ear plug, ear muffs etc. and rotation workers operating near high noise generating

areas/zones.

Contractor workers involved in the handling of construction materials such as

borrow material, cement etc. is provided with using proper PPEs i.e. safety boots,

nose nask etc.

All the areas such as hazardous and risky areas, installation, materials, safety

measures, emergency exits etc. is appropriately marked.

All the chemicals and hazardous materials storage container is properly labeled

and marked according to the National and Internationally recognized requirement

and standards. Material Safety Data Sheet or equivalent data/information in an

easily understood language must be readily available to exposed workers and first

aid personnel.

The workplace is properly equipped with facilities such as fire detector, alarm

system and firefighting equipment is periodically inspected and maintained to keep

good working condition at all time.

Workers health problem is taken appropriate measures by providing basic health

care facilities through health centers temporarily set up for drilling base camp.




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Ensure that the sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and

operated so that no health hazard occurs.

Adequate sanitation facilities are provided at site for the operational workforce both

during construction and operational phase.

Ensure that sufficient garbage bins are provided in the camp, regularly emptied

and the garbage disposed of in a hygienic manner.

Project site should be enabled with proper evacuation system with public address

system.

Training program is conducted regularly for the operational workforce regarding

proper usage of PPEs, handling and storage of fuels and chemicals etc.

All the laborers working in the proposed project is medical checkup twice in year

from Environment Health and Safety (EHS) fund allocated for employee health and

safety.

1.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP)

As per DM Act, 2005, Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave

occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes or by accident or

negligence which result in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to and

destruction of property, or damage to degradation of environment and is of such a

nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the

affected area.

To cope with the disaster, management involves planning before, during and after a

disaster or emergency occurs, provides better understanding of hazards and

assessing the structure behavior to them, helps in preparation for Disaster

Management Plan. Disaster includes earthquake, cyclone, drought, tsunamis, floods,

volcanoes, fires and wildfires etc.

The main objectives of the Disaster Management Plan include the following:

Prevention of disaster and their impact on people, infrastructure and environment

Building resilience of families and communities by reducing their vulnerability and

increasing their ability to withstand and minimize the effects of disasters and

complex emergencies by enhancing preparedness

Providing quick, coordinated, effective and appropriate responses to disaster and

complex emergencies

Ensure timely recovery from disaster and complex emergencies

Community Awareness and Participation Plan

Community Awareness and Participation Plan (CAPP) is prepared to ensure

widespread, ongoing, and meaningful participation of the key stakeholders with a focus




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on the poor and the vulnerable groups. The “reach” and “sustainability” of development

are initiatives. Community are informed for good practices through meeting, one to one

consultation, through announcement on media net-work including the poor and the

vulnerable groups, have an opportunity to participate in shaping investment programs

and the voice of the poor is heard at all levels of decision- making. Stakeholder analysis

is undertaken to ensure that relevant stakeholders are identified and included in the

participatory project design process. This is particularly relevant in a high-density for

western part of U.P. Districts Baghpat, Samali, Muzaffarnagar and Saharanpur, where

disturbances related to construction activities are inevitable. Information disclosure

and public awareness are essential for maintaining public support and mitigating

grievances during this period. The stakeholders are to be made fully aware of the

intent, design, schedule, impacts, and overall benefits of the project. These activities

require a coordinated effort between the executing and implementing agencies as well

as public, private, and community stakeholders. A Community Awareness and

Participation Consultant (CAPC) firm will be recruited to help the Project

Implementation Directorate (PID) in meaningful and widespread consultations and

public awareness during project implementation. The Community Awareness and

Participation Plan (CAPP) is a framework to help implement such activities.

Key activities of the CAPP are listed in the following practices are applied as given

follows:

Don’t give any importance to any rumor and don’t panic.

Aware the local people regarding do and do not, vulnerable areas and emergency

numbers empower them to do needful proactively as and when face such situation.

The community are awarded to keep their T.V., Radio on and listen to latest

weather warnings and advisories from the Doordarshan and all India Radio Station

and any announcement through public address system.

In view of generating awareness, following measures can be taken by respective

department such as:

Organize awareness camps for children and make use of folk dance, music, plays,

painting competition, debate competition etc. to disseminate the information.

Generate mass awareness program through advertisement, booklet, leaflets,

hording and banners etc.

Organize disaster management exhibition with using scientific tool like shake table

demonstration etc. to disseminate awareness about various hazards and ways to

deal with them.

Media can play a pivotal role in awareness of public and preparedness through

educating the public about disasters; warning of hazards; gathering and

transmitting information about affected areas alerting government officials, helping

relief organization and the public towards specific needs; and even in facilitating

about disaster preparedness and response.




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To reach out to masses at large, arrange TV spot, radio spot, audio-visual and

documentary.

EARTHQUAKE

Seismic Hazard

Many districts of the state fall in the category of seismic zone IV which is high damage

risk zone. In view of seismicity, the districts of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Bijnor,

Moradabad, Meerut, Etah, Hardoi, Sitapur, Agra, Mainpuri, Farukhabad, Unnao,

Lucknow, Barabanki, Raebareli, Sultanpur, Faizabad, Azamgarh, Ballia, Pratapgarh,

Jaunpur, Ghazipur, Varanasi and Mirzapur lie in Zone IV. The districts of Etawah,

Kanpur, Jalaun, Jhansi, Harimpur, Banda, Fatehpur, Allahabad and Lalitpur lie in Zone

III.

The proposed project lies on seismic zone IV as per seismic map of the Uttar Pradesh.

(Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune)

Figure 7-9: Seismic Hazard Map of Uttar Pradesh




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Figure: Earthquake Zone Map of Uttar Pradesh

Past History of Earthquakes in UP & adjoining states

Past trend of earthquake in UP and adjoining states are describing as:

Bulandshahr District (Uttar Pradesh), 6.2 (IMD) 15:31:36 UTC, 28.20N, 77.70E.

One of the most powerful earthquakes in Uttar Pradesh struck the districts of

western Uttar Pradesh at 21:01 IST on October 10th, 1956. The massive shock

was centred near Jehangirpur, in Bulandshahr District. No fatalities were reported.

The shock was also strongly felt at Delhi, where there was some minor damage.

27 August 1960- Gurgaon-Faridabad Districts (Haryana), 6.0 (TS)

15:58:59.20UTC, 28.20N, 77.40E Damage from this earthquake extended into

New Delhi where at least 50 people were injured. Structural damage was reported

in Karol Bagh and cracks in houses in R.K.Puram.

24 December 1961 - Indo-Nepal Border region (Pilibhit, Nainital, Kheri Districts),

6.0 (TS) 07:13:30 UTC, 28.80N, 81.50E

June 1965 - West of Ghorakpur, (Ghorakpur-Basti Districts), 5.7 (TS) 07:52:30

UTC, 27.00N, 83.00E.

15 September 1966 - South of Moradabad, (Moradabad-Rampur Districts), 5.8

(TS) 02:15:33.80 UTC, 28.70N, 78.90E.

29 July 1980 - Western Nepal, Mw 6.8 (HRV) 14:58:40 UTC, 29.60N, 81.09E

Between 150 - 200 persons were killed and hundreds injured. Extensive damage

in several towns in western Nepal. The quake also caused damage in Pithoragarh




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area, nearly 50 kilometres away from the epicentre. 13 persons were killed here

and 40 were injured. The quake was felt as far away as Kathmandu and New Delhi.

21 October 1991 - Near Pilang (Uttarkashi District), Mw 6.8 (NEIC) 21:23:14 UTC

/ 02:53:14 IST, 30.78N, 78.77E between 750 to 2000 people killed in the Gharwal

region. It was also felt very strongly in Uttar Pradesh, Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana

and Punjab. Some minor damage was reported in Chandigarh and New Delhi.

29th March, 1999 - Near Gopeshwar (Chamoli District), Mw 6.5 (HRV) 19:05:11

UTC, 30.492N, 79.288E 115 people killed in the Gharwal region. The quake was

felt very strongly in Uttar Pradesh, Chandigarh, Delhi and Haryana. In Haryana,

one person was killed in the city of Ambala and 2 atNakodar in the neighbouring

state of Punjab. Minor damage to buildings in New Delhi, most significantly in

Patparganj. Minor damage also reported from Chandigarh.

18 October 2007 – Gautambudh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, M 3.6 05:54:41 UTC,

28.300 N, 77.600 E A mild earthquake struck the district of Gautambudh Nagar in

western Uttar Pradesh, India, on 18 October 2007 at 11:24 AM local time. It had a

magnitude of 3.6 and caused minor damage in the epicentral region.

(Source: https://rahat.up.nic.in/sdmplan/UttarPradeshStateDisasterManagementPlan2016_17.pdf &

Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune, 2020)

FLOOD HAZARD

Various natural disasters floods are the most commonly occurring in Uttar Pradesh,

affecting almost every year some part of the state or the other. Important rivers, which

create floods in the State, are the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Ramganga, the Gomti, the

Sharda, the Ghaghra, the Rapti and the Gandak. The Ganga River basin of U.P.

experiences normal rainfall in the region from 60cm to 190cm of which more than 80%

occur during the southwest monsoon. The rainfall increases from west to east and from

south to north. Similar pattern of floods, the problem increases from west to east and

south to north. Out of the 240.93 lakh hectares geographical area of the State about

73.06 lakh hectares is flood prone. As per the Irrigation Department’s estimate, only

58.72 lakh can actually be protected. Up to March 2004, only 16.01 lakh hectares has

been protected. The eastern districts as well as those situated in the Terai region

bordering Nepal are the most affected. Due to floods, an average of 26.89 lakh

hectares is affected annually, and the estimated loss to crops, houses and livestock is

to the tune of Rs.432 crore annually. Apart from these, loss of human life also occurs.

In the proposed project natural hydrology and drainage pattern of the districts are not

disturbed. Ground water is recharged through rain water harvesting process.




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Figure: A view of Major River of UP and Drainage Basins

Rivers & Highest Flood Level

Rivers with their highest flood level is described as under:

Table: Rivers and Highest Flood Level

S.No. River Gauge Site District Highest

Flood Level Year

Danger Level

1 Ganga BhimGaura Haridwar 296.23 1978 294.00

2 Ganga Narora Bulandsahar 180.01 2010 178.42

3 Ganga CHCM Ganga Barrage

Bijnour 220.20 1997 220.00

4 Ram Ganga Katghar Railway Bridge

Moradabad 193.94 1924 190.60

5 Yamuna Okhala Barrage Ghaziabad 201.35 1995 200.60

6 Yamuna ISBT Delhi 207.49 1978 204.83

7 Ken Biryapur Bandha Madhya Pradesh

193.40 2005 189.74

8 Gomti Hanuman Setu Gomti Barrage

Lucknow 110.85 1971 109.50

9 Sharada Banbasa Champawat 223.30 1934 221.70

10 Sharada Sharada Nagar Lakhimpur khiri 136.55 1993 135.49




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S.No. River Gauge Site District Highest

Flood Level Year

Danger Level

11 Sharada Paliakala Lakhimpur khiri 155.17 2008 153.62

12 Ghaghara Kartania Ghat(Girija Barrage)

Bharaich 137.12 1975 136.78

13 Ghaghara Elgin Birdge Barabanki 107.40 2008 106.07

14 Ghaghara Ayodhya Faizabad 93.84 2008 92.73

15 Ghaghara Turtipar Ballia 66.00 1998 64.01

16 Rapti Rapti Barrage Shrawasti 129.55 2006 127.70

17 Rapti Bardghat Gorakhpur 77.54 1998 74.98

18 Gandak Balmikinagar West Champaran

112.79 1974 109.67

19 Saryu Saryu Barrage Bharaich 134.50 1995 133.50

(Source: Flood Bulletin, Department of Irrigation, U.P.)

Yamuna River: The Yamuna is the second largest tributary of river of the Ganga and

the longest tributary in India originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height of 6,387

meters on the southwestern slopes of Banderpooch peaks of the Lower Himalaya in

Uttarakhand. It crosses several states i.e. Haryana and Uttar Pradesh passing by

Uttarakhand and later Delhi and meeting its tributaries on the way including Tons,

Chambal, its longest tributary which has its own large basin followed by Sindh, The

Betwa and Ken.

Hindon River: Hindon river, a tributary of Yamuna River, is a river in india that

originates in the Saharanpur district from the Upper Shivalik in Uttar Pradesh. The

river is entirely rainfed and has an approximate catchment area of 7,083 km2. It flows

between Ganges and Yamuna rivers for 400 km through districts such as

Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Baghpat, Ghaziabad and Gautam Buddh Nagar before it joins

Yamuna River just outside Delhi.

Besides the floods in these natural drainage systems, there are other reasons for

inundation such as high precipitation or cloud bursts cause inundation where carrying

capacity of the streams is exceeded. Floods not only causes huge economic loss in

the form of damage to houses, roads, bridges, power projects, public utilities but also

cause immense loss of human and livestock. The topography and geometry of

channels in the state is such that inundation takes place in many places and become

main reason for flooding. People living in low lying area of the above-mentioned basins

are the most vulnerable to floods.

DROUGHT

Drought is another major disaster affecting the state of Uttar Pradesh. Drought is a

natural, recurring climatic feature which stems from lack of rainfall over an extended

period of time. Generally, drought is not considered as a crisis of urgent nature but

considered as a management issue. Drought is common phenomenon in arid zone

areas, a common phenomenon in semi-arid zone areas and a rare to very rare

phenomenon in dry humid and humid areas. It is a natural disaster which can be

anticipated and also expected on the basis of pattern of rainfall, temperature etc.




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Vulnerability of drought conditions in the state is primarily due to the fact about two

third of rural population of the state is dependent on agriculture for earning their

livelihood. Uncertainties of nature render majority of people of district i.e. Baghpat,

Muzzafar Nagar, Shamli and Saharanpur are vulnerable. Limited option due to climatic

condition couple with small size of operational holding add further to the vulnerability

conditions. Due to lack of adequate rainfall, districts face the adverse situation and

prone to drought.

FIRE HAZARD

Incidence of fire occurrence that constitute a threat for the population and the exposed

infrastructure of a region are associated with economic and human losses. Fire hazard

for the purpose of this study include fires due to chemicals, LPG, explosives and

electrical short circuit. All the resources while assessing the fire hazard along with

suitable mitigation measures needs of the state fire services must be considered that

these services are also used in rescue operation during any mishap due to fire. Apart

from the above, Department of Fire’s services are also required in rescue and relief

operation in fires caused due to natural as well as manmade accidents involving

hazardous inflammable substances etc.

In the State, every year a large number of houses and other establishment are affected

by fire. Fires destroy thousands of houses and a sizeable part of agriculture crop

during summers in the rural areas. Uttar Pradesh is agricultural and rural based state

of India. The rural population of Uttar Pradesh is 13.16 Crores whereas the urban

population is 3.45 Crores. The main thrust of fires in Uttar Pradesh is rural. Maximum

fires occur in rural areas during the harvesting summer’s dry season with effect from

March to June. The fires in these four months of the year account for approximately 60

percent of the fire calls received in one year. The fire calls of April month account for

25 to 30 percent of the fire calls of one year.

HAILSTORMS

Hailstorms affects the state as most of its economy is based on agriculture. In the year

2015-16, 73 districts of the state faced severe crop loss due to hailstorm. The details

of which are as under:

Table: Summary of Extent of damage due to Hailstorm & Unseasonal

Rather Heavy Rains

S. No

Item Details

1 Total number of districts in the State 75

2 Number and names of districts affected- 73 Nos. (Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Ambedkarnagar, Auraiyya, Azamgarh, Badaun, Baghpat, Bahraich, Ballia, Banda, Barabanki, Bareilly, Shambhal, Bulandshahar, Chandoli, Amethi, Chitrakoot, Deoria, Etah, Etawah, Faizabad, Farrukhabad, Fatehpur, Firozabad, Gautambuddha Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghazipur, Gorakhpur, Hamirpur, Hardoi, Hathras, Jalaun, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Amroha, Kannauj, Kanpur Nagar, Kansganj, Kaushambi, Kushi Nagar, Lakhimpur Kheri, Lalitpur, Lucknow, Mahoba, Mainpuri, Mathura,

73




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S. No

Item Details

Mau, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Muzaffur Nagar, Hapud, Pilibhit, Shamli, Pratapgarh, Raebareilly, Kanpur Dehat, Rampur, Saharanpur, Bhadohi, Shahjahanpur, Sitapur, Sonbhadra, Sultanpur, Unnao, Varanasi, Basti, Mahrajganj, Gonda, Sidharthnagar, Shravasti, Santkabir Nagar )

Total Sown area in the district (in lakh ha) 126.30

3 Total Crop area affected (in lakh ha) 89.01

3.1 Out of total affected area, Area where crop loss has been more than 33% (in lakh ha)

58.92

3.1.1 Loss to crops of the Farmers having upto 2 hect. Land (Rs. in Lakh) 626496.39

3.1.2 Loss to crops of the Farmers having more than 2 hect. Land (Rs. in Lakh)

127398.52

4 Estimated value of damage to houses as per updated GOI norms (Rs. In lakh)

21.49

5 Human lives lost 93

6

Ex-gratia payment to families of deceased persons (Rupees 4 lakh per deceased) (Rs. In lakh):-

372.00

7 Animals loss (Milch animals- Buffalo/Cow/Camel/Yak etc.@ Rs, 30000/- and Sheep/Goat/Pig @ Rs. 3000/-) (Draught Animals- Camel/Horse/Bullock etc @ Rs. 25000/-& Calf/Donley//Pony/Mule @ Rs. 16000/- (Rs. In lakh):-

25.65

8 Demand for livestock sector (Rs. In lakh):- 3057.62

9 Estimated total damage to Crops, Houses, Animal loss, Ex-gratia payment (Rs. In lakh)

754314.05

INDUSTRIAL & CHEMICAL HAZARD

Uttar Pradesh state is the second largest economy in India after Maharashtra. In the

State of Uttar Pradesh there are 2,456 factories of hazardous nature. Out of these

2,456 hazardous factories, there are 118 factories, which are major accident hazard

prone and wherein the use or storage of hazardous substance is equal to or more than

the quantity specified in above cited rules. All the Major Accident Hazardous Factories

are advised to, as per the provisions of MSIHC Rules, 1989 (amended 2000), to

conduct the rehearsal of their On-Site Emergency Plan twice in a year, in the month of

June to December Presently these 118 major accident hazard factories are situated in

38 districts. Districts Crisis Groups in all the 38 districts have been constituted under

the chairmanship of District Magistrate of respective districts. Some of the major

industries of Uttar Pradesh are:

Cement plants,

Pharmaceuticals,

Textile,

Tannery,

Paper,

Arms and Ammunition,

Dairy,

Food Processing,

Sugar,

Distillery,

Craft Paper,




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Electroplating,

Thermal Power, etc.

ROAD ACCIDENTS

In India, the motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the economic and

population growth. Road transport is the dominant mode of transport in India, both in

terms of traffic share and in terms of contribution to the national economy. The surge

in motorization coupled with expansion of the road network has brought with it the

challenge of addressing adverse factors such as the increase in road accidents and

road crash fatalities. Today, road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death,

disabilities and hospitalization in the country imposing huge socio-economic costs.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), road traffic injuries are the sixth

leading cause of death in India with a greater share of hospitalization, deaths,

disabilities and socio-economic losses in the young and middle-aged population.

1.5.7.1 Past History of Road Accident in the State

A past trend of increase in road length and motor vehicles along with changes in total

number of fatal accidents, total number of road accidents, number of persons killed in

road accident are given at Table below:

Table: Road length, Motor Vehicle and Road Accidents (2012-18)

Year

Road Length

(in Kms)

Total Number of Registered Motor

Vehicles (in Nos.)

Total Number of Fatal

Accidents (in Nos.)

Total Number of Road

Accidents (in Nos.)

Total Numbers of

Person Killed (in Nos.)

2012 403102 13287232 13293 29972 16149

2013 435969 17048184 13077 30615 16004

2014 397224 19114692 13842 31034 16287

2015 415383 21635530 15218 32385 17666

2016 422412 23879973 16164 35612 19320

2017 428055 26265246 17706 38783 20124

2018 432698 29394816 19364 42568 22256

(Source: Statistical Diary Year 2012-18, UP)

VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE

In last few decades there were many extreme weather events which have happened

and many of these are due to climate change. Climate change is enhancing the

vulnerability manifold to the potential hazards in the state.

At times climate induced disasters resulting in response to intense long-lasting rains

could also trigger flash floods as natural dams cause valley inundation upstream and

when subsequently breached by lake water pressure results in flash floods or debris

flows downstream causing heavy loss to life and property. Long/short dry spells,

Long/short winter season, untimely rains, Heavy precipitation are also few of the major

outcomes of climate change.




19 | P a g e

TRIGGER MECHANISM & OPERATIONAL DIRECTIONS

The trigger mechanism has been envisaged as a preparedness plan whereby the

receipt of a single of an impending disaster would simultaneously energize and activate

the mechanism for response and mitigation without loss of crucial time. This would

entail all the engaged/participating manager to know in advance the task assigned to

them and the manner of response. Response process begins as soon as it becomes

apparent that a disastrous event is imminent and last until the disaster is declared to

be over. Response is triggered on receiving any early warning or at occurrence of

disaster as the case may be. New experiences and instances that encountered every

year are added so as to take a hint and derive a lesson. Afterwards disaster

management plan is prepared and updated accordingly. Identification of available

resources including manpower, material and equipment and adequate delegation of

financial and administrative power are pre-requisite to successful operation of the

trigger mechanism.

On the receipt of warning or alert from any such agency which is competent to issue

such a warning, or on the basis of reports from District Collector of the occurrence of

a disaster, the response structure of the State Government will be put into operation.

The Chief Secretary/ Relief Commissioner will assume the role of the Chief of

Operation during the emergency situation. The details of agencies competent enough

for issuing warning or alert pertaining to various types of disasters are given below;

Table: Specific Hazards and Nodal Departments in Uttar Pradesh issuing

Disaster Specific Early Warning

Disaster Agencies

Earthquakes IMD , ISR

Floods IMD , Irrigation Department

Drought Agriculture Department

Epidemics Health & Family Welfare Department

Industrial & Chemical Accidents Industry , Labor & Employment Department, DISH

Fire Fire & Emergency Services

(Source: Uttar Pradesh State Disaster Management Plan, 2016-17)

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND IMMEDIATE RESTORATION REHABILITATION

Reconstruction and Rehabilitation activities come under the post-disaster phase.

Currently, the activities are primarily carried by the various Government departments

and authorities but role of local bodies (Gram Panchayats, District, Municipal

Corporations, and Municipalities etc.) is also very important. However, their activities

in this phase shall be in accordance with the reconstruction and rehabilitation plans

which shall be framed by UPSDMA..

The reconstruction and rehabilitation plan is design specifically for worst case scenario.

It is activated in case of L3 type of disaster in which the capacity of State and District

authorities have been overwhelmed and require assistance from the Central

Government for re-establishing normally in the State.




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MITIGATION MEASURES UNDERTAKEN

Relief measures shall be taken with co-ordination with all departments.

Table: Role & Responsibility of the Various Departments/ Stakeholders

ESF Responsibilities

Communication Department of IT will ensure the provision of state wide telecommunication, communication and other Network services to the state, and districts in response efforts

Public Health and Sanitation Sanitation

Department of health & family welfare will provide coordinated assistance in response to public health and medical care needs following any natural or manmade disaster.

Power Department of power through UP State Electricity Board facilitate restoration of energy systems in any disaster and maintain their functioning.

Transport Department of Transport through UPSRTC will provide transport support. Coordinate the use of both Govt. & Private resources. Support Forces requiring transportation to perform their emergency response, recovery and assistance for any other activity.

Search and Rescue Department of home through Police, Home Guard & Fire Brigade will provide specialized life saving assistance to district and local authorities In locating, extricating and providing on site medical treatment to victims trapped in collapsed structures.

Donations Department of Revenue will ensure donation management to control the flow of goods and services into a disaster area.

Public works and Engineering

Department of public works, Irrigation & other engineering departments will provides technical advice and technical services in repairing facilities and engineering infrastructure, contracting for construction management, inspection, and emergency repair. Engineering departments would assist in restoring life sustaining actions, damage mitigation and recovery. Perform immediate damage assessment of physical infrastructure.

Information and Planning

Department of Information & Public relation will collect, process and disseminate information about an actual or potential situation.

Relief supplies Department of Revenue through district administration will coordinate activities involved with emergency provisions of temporary shelters, emergency mass feeding, and bulk distribution of coordinated relief supplies for victims of disasters

Food Department of Food & Civil Supplies will identify the basic needs of food in the aftermath of a disaster or emergency. Procure appropriate supplies. Store at secured places and arrange to transport food assistance to the affected areas and authorize food stamp assistance.

Drinking water Jal Nigam will ensure and provide a minimum quantity of clean drinking water and check the spread of any potential disease during disaster. Undertake repair of infrastructures.

Shelter Department of Revenue will provide and arrange for the physical needs of individuals, families and communities for safe. Secure and comfortable living space compatible with season.

Media Department of Information & public relations will provide and collect reliable information on the status of disaster and disaster victims for effective coordination of relief work at all levels.

Help Lines All nodal departments will collect, process and disseminate information about the welfare of citizens of the affected area Assist in managing the flow of information maintaining accuracy as well as easy access. The help lines will be responsible for providing, directing, and coordinating, logistical resource operations.




21 | P a g e

Table: Role and Responsibility of Various Departments

Department Responsibility

U.P. State Disaster Management Authority (UPSDMA)

Lay down policies and plans for disaster management in the State. Declare emergency situation in case of State level disaster and the end of it. Provide policy directions and integration of Disaster Management programmes in the state development framework.

State Executive Committee for Disaster Management (SEC)

Implementation of the State Plan and monitoring body for management of disasters in the State.

Department of Revenue and Relief

Member Secretary of SDMA. Member of SEC, Overall coordination, implementation of the EOC activities and documentation and reporting to the SEC,

Department of Public Works (PWD)

Primary agency for maintenance of public infrastructure identifies safer places, assess physical damage, identify safer routes, and provide necessary reconstruction and rehabilitation support. Ensure hazard resistant features as per all building by laws and maintain all National & State roads.

Department of Housing Department of Urban development Uttar Pradesh Housing and Urban Development Authority

Primary agency responsible for evolving policy and ensuring land use, hazard wise zonation and implementation building by laws.

Main agency to ensure repair and maintenance in the urban areas.

One of the executing agency for constructions under implementation of recovery and rehabilitation plans. Responsible for ensuring the mitigation measures while construction or reconstruction of its projects in the state.

Department of Education The department will prepare curriculum related to disaster management and conduct training programme for teachers and children. The department will coordinate with the local authority and arrange for mock drills, search and rescue drills. Awareness campaigns, Volunteer Teams. Ensuring maintenance and retrofitting of school buildings/school safety.

Department of Home Be the primary agency responsible for “Urban Fire”, “Village fire”, Nuclear disasters, Serial Bomb blasts and Festival related disasters. And also for Security, evacuation, emergency assistance, search and rescue, first aid, law and order, communication, shifting of people to relief camps, traffic management. Burial work of dead bodies, Fire management.

Department of Forest Be the primary agency responsible for “Forest Fire”. During response and recovery support SEOC with resources. Identification of prone areas, mitigation activities, research and assessment.

Department of Environment and Science and Technology

The primary agency responsible for Avalanches Snow Storms & Environmental & Climate Change Hazards. GIS mapping for effective disaster management. Primary agency of research and development on Climate Change impact and adaptation activities for the State. Provide inputs to the State Disaster Mitigation Committee for new technologies and also for awareness programs.

Department of Power Primary agency responsible for Dam failures / bursts and electrical disasters and fires. It will ensure power supply for public facilities such as Hospital, police stations, telecommunication building and meteorological stations.




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Department Responsibility

Coordination with Hydro Power Projects.

Department of Information Technology

Various alternative Communication mode for state. There details access point, alternative link media, VHF, HF radio and policies of providing SAT phones and ensuring their operation with good/prolonged backup and publishing the same.

Department of Irrigation

Primary agency responsible for Floods, Water supply and Drought, Issue flood warnings, identification of safer places, construct embankments, arrangement of boats and pump sets, swimmers and divers and communication.

Department of Health Be the primary agency responsible for “Biological Disasters and Epidemics”. First aid, health and medical care, ambulance arrangements, preventive steps for other diseases, establishment of health camps. Providing Trauma Centres and all other health related support

Department of Information and Public Relations

Communicate warnings to the public, relay announcements issued by SEC, telecast special program for information and actions, education and awareness messages for preparedness actions and coordinated response. Promote disaster related polices, provide emergency communication systems, enable critical communication links with disaster sites and coordinate with media.

Department of Rural Development

Primary agency to implement vulnerability reduction projects to alleviate poverty and improve people’s livelihoods. Ensure Rural development schemes implemented in the State incorporating disaster management measures. Assists in rehabilitation of the victims.

Department of Agriculture

Primary agency for hailstorms, Droughts and pest attacks. To provide seeds and necessary planting material and other inputs to assist in early recovery.

Early warning and avert ion of disasters such as Hail Storms and droughts.

Department of Finance Arrange necessary funds and ensure equitable distribution, manage accounts.

Department of Planning Allocation of funds on priority basis for disaster mitigation and rehabilitation projects

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