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EAGLE'S NEST

A RESTAURANT / NIGHT CLUB FOR ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO

By Ronald D. Armstrong

- - ^

Architecture 22 Fall Semester

December 12, 1978 TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

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^ ' ' • > ' ' • Table of Contents

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13 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Philosophy , 1

Cisicepts , , , , 2

Client k

Clientele 5

Financial , , , , . « . . • . . . • . 6

Operation

a. Schedule of s e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . « . . « . . . . . . . , . » , . . . . 9

b. Types of s e r v i c e s . . . 9

c. Load of s e r v i c e s . . . . , 9

d. Basic operation ac t iv i t i e s 10

e. Management 11

f. Food cost . . , . , . 12

g. Organizati(»i., , . . 1^

h. Menu , . 15 S i te Analysis

a . ,S i t e 22

b. Milage local 23

c. GeograjMc locaticHi maps , . , , , . 25

d. State maps . , , , . , 2?

e. City maps , , • , , . . 29

f. Panoramic index , 33

g. Climate Jk

h. Orientation and solar data...., ,.... ••,,. ^1

i. Vegetatiaa ,,,,, 3

j. Drainage .,... 49

k. Topography , .....,., 51

1, Accessibility 55

m. Utilities and sex>vice 58

Site Images and Aerial Photographs ,........, 59

Activities,

a. Psychology. &?

b. Kitchen 69

c. Circulation and service stati<»is 73

d. Typical layouts..... 75

Design Requirements a. Space requirements , , 82

b. Production areas 83

c. Serving areas,... ,,., 84

d. Receiving and storage areas, 84

e. Sanitation areas , 85

f. Finishes, colcors, and furnishings....,, , 86,

g. Loads ,104

h. Design for the handicapped ,....104

Mechanical

a. Ventilation... , 114

b. Heating and air c<x)diti(»iing .,.115

Codes a. National Electric Code , 116 b. Uniform Building Code.... 116

c. OSHA 119

d. Liquor laws 121

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Related Aotivities , , , 122

Footnotes ,,.......,. ,.,,.,.,. 123

Appendix , ..129

BibUographor 162

Desi^ Docuraentaticsi , . , . 167

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"b' Philosophy

5

The purpose of this program is to establish guidlines necessary

to create an exciting restaurant and night club for the peopleKandrvisitors of

Albuquerque, New Mexico. Located at the Crest of Sandia Peak in the

Sandia Mountains of the Cibola National Forest , with a view of the city

of Albuquerque and the Rio Grande River Valley with mesas on the horizon,

the design will include a restaurant, night club, and parking facilities.

The night club will be a separate facility servicing the restaurant.

Currently existing atop Sandia Peak is the Summit House Restaurant

and a U.S. Forest Service Information Center adjacent to the receiving dock

of the Albuquerque Aerial Tramway. Proposals have been made for the renovation

of the Summit House Restaurant into a quick service cafeteria servicing the

Sandia Ski Basin. Also proposals have been made to renovate the ranger

station into a tourist information center and emergency aid station serving

both the tramway and the Sandia Ski Basin.

The Albuquerque Aerial Tramway will serve as the primary access way

to the highest restaurant and night club; in the Southwest; an experience

their visitors will not forget.

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CONCEPTS

1. Restaurant that contains a full service kitchen and service areas, dining,

and waiting areas.

2. Night club that serves the restaurant but its operation and service areas

are independant of said restaurant.

3. Planning of access road from the Crest Lookout serving the restaurant,

night club, and Sandia Ski Basin.

4, Maximum usage of solar energy concepts and/or other types of energy

conserving systems.

5. The entire facility designed in such a manner as to make it a profit

making venture. t 6. Interior areas designed to provide a pleasing,natural atmosphere with

optimum efficiency.

7. Exterior design to integrate with nature; not being obstrusive of over

bearing .

SCOPE

1. Restaurant 150 persons maximum

2. Night club 250 persons maximum

3. Parking 20 spaces

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Client

The client is the Anthony Gap Inc. Consisting of five people, the

corporation currently owns and/or manages various successful night clubs in

El Paso, Texas. The client has expressed a desire to expand its resources to

the state of New Mexico, Albuquerque, in particular.

The client plans to own and operate the club and restaurant for a

profitable business venture. The corporation plans to finance the project

through investments, and capital profit already accumulated. The opportunity

has arisen to sub-lease the land atop Sandia Peak from the Sandia Peak Recreational

Corporation for the sole purpose of constructing a restaurant - club facility

to replace the soon to be converted Summit House Restaurant. It is to be

converted into a cafeteria to accomodate skiers of the SPR Corp's ski basin.

The client has made feasability studies and has determined that the

city of Albuquerque, its tourism trade, and its economy can support its venture.

(for detailed economic data see appendix)

4.

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Clientele

A wide range of people will be seized by the restaurant and night club

including touristSj people seeking recreation at the ski basin, and the people

of Albuquerque. Age groups will range from young to senior citizens. What

these people will have in common is a desire for a special dining and/or

drinking experience.

Percent of eating out occasions spent at Restaurants

^

Men

IVomen

Income over $10,000

Income under $10,000

Age under 20yrs.

Age between 20-34yrs.

Age between 35-5^yr*s.

Age over 55yrs.

34fo

38%

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60%

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Eating out has become one of our nation's greatest pleasures. This

phenomenon has and v/ill continue to result in the creation of a large number

of not only new but revised, revamped, and remodeled restaurants.

A major aspect of any restaurant venture, new or revised, is finiancing.

Land, building, and equipment, normally the three major investments, persist

in escalating in cost. Money used to pay for them, in the final analysis,

must come from income generated from the restaurant before the propreitor

can realize any net profit. In addition the restaurant owner is faced with

other important operational decisions that have direct financial relationships 2

such as purchasing and insurance. '

The restaurant business has become one of the most competitive

industries in the country. It is therefore imperative before any new venture

is attempted, that the trip be mapped out with precision in orded to avoid

countless and, from a financial point of view, perhaps fatal pitfalls along

the way. Financial projections will disclose not only whether the right

route is being raken, but also, whether the trip should even be attempted.

Once the restaurant is in operation, and the projections are found to be

fairly accurate, they can be execellent reference tools to determine whether

actual operations are being run properly and efficiently.

Included in the projection should include: gross sales, cost of

inventory, gross profit (gross sales less cost of inventory), labor, gross

profit after labor, taxes, rents, other expenses including: advertising,

bank service and pay roll charges, bad debts, cleaning supplies, licenses

and permits, dues and subscriptions, utilities, menus (printing), uniforms and

6.

.linen, laundry and cleaning, telephone, office supplies, paper supplies, building and equipment maintenance, replacement costs, insurance, professional services, and other services (refuse removal, pest control, landscape upkeep, etc.).

All projects'taken into account, net profit can be determined, thus giving the proprietor an indication of how much volume sales he must attain,^'

Statics indicate gross profit averages about 52%, operative expenses about 44f.. The net profit is approximately 7^5%, of which the owner's salary is over k% and income tax approximately 1%. The annual discontinuance rate

for all reasons, including bankrupcy and other credit conditions, is over

600 per 10,000 concerns. This is relatively low in comparison with other

types of retail businesses. * In New Mexico, the rate of discontinuance is

50? in the first year, and 80? in the next years, considerably higher than

the national trend.• '

The main objective of the restaurant business, as is in any business,

is to make a profit for the ovmer. In order to accomplish this, the restaurant

deals in the preparation, sale, and service of quality, palatable food and

spirits to be presented in an attractive manner, with pleasant surroundings,

courteous and competant help. To the layman, comparing the price of a steak dinner

at a restaurant, with the cost of a steak in a supermarket, it v/ould appear

the restaurant business is all profit.

• ^

The following table indicates this is not true, in showing how

the restaurant income dollar is spent:

Food cost 30 to 45^

Salaries and VJages 25 to 30^

Operating Expenses 30 to 45^

Net Profit 6 to 8%

The point at which the total cost and the sales dollars equal is

called the break-even point. "Every operation has a break-even point. At that

particular sales volume, since every cent that comes into the operation as

cost, there are no profits and no losses. If sales drop below this point for

a sufficient period of time, the operatori will loose his business. If sales

are higher than the break-even point, he will make a profit. Finally all

things being equal, the higher sales volume is above this point, the greater

the amount of profit that will be gained from the operation." ''•

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SCHEDULE OF SERVICES

Luncheon H A M - 3 PM (Mon. thru Sun.)

Dinner 5 PM - 12 PM (Mon. thru Sun.)

Night Club 11 AM - 2 AM (Mon thru Sun.)

TYPES OF SERVICES

Luncheon: Full service but economical and quick, bar service

(wine and coctails)

Dinner: Full service with dinners and private partied, bar

service (wine and coctails)

Night Club:Full service(wine and coctails), bar service(wine and coctails)

LOAD OF SERVICES

Luncheon: max 150 at one time; 250-350 a day

Dinner: max 150 at one time; 400-600 a day

Night Club: max 250 at one time, plus service to restaurant

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BASIC OPERATION ACTIVITIBS:

Purohasini *

Receiving •. :t . Storing

^ Issuing

Pre-Preparation .:ij.j

(Butchering, Vegetable cleaning and cut)

Poi*tioning

(cooking, baking, salad and sandwich making, etc)

SERVICE

I Accounting and sales

Flow of cost through the various food and beverage activities.

10.

MANAGEMENT:

Manager

Assistant Manager

Accounting

Cashier

Executive Chef

Assistant Chef

Codes

Helpers

DlsfaRashers

Host/Hostess

Head Waiter

Waiters

Busboys

Bartenders

Waitresses

Barbaoks

11.

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1 ' 1 . 1 1

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I|i FOOD COST

The cost of the food sold is the dollar value of the food actually

dispersed to the customers.

A series of sample formulas used to simplify the so oswhat complicated

accounting involved in the various food operations have been devised by the

American Hotel Association Education Institue. These formulas are reproduced

here:

1. Beginning inventory + Purchases — ending inventory = usage x

unit cost = cost of food consumed.

2. Cost of food consumed — cost of employee meals — food transfers

to the beer + beverages transfered to the kitchen = cost of

food sold.

3. Opening inventory + purchases = cost of goods available — closing

inventory = cost of food consumed.

A simple inventory sheet should include :

1. day and date

2. food purchases

3. allocation

4. inventory adjustments

5. cost of food consumed

6. food credits

7. cost of food sold — today

8. cost of food sold — to date

9. food sales — today

10. food sales — to date

11. food cost percentage — to date

13. 'i:r

ORGANIZATION:

Cockta i l Waitress

Barbacks

OWNER

Hostess (cocktail)

Waiter/Waitress

I Busboy

Helpers

Dishwasher

i Assistant

Cook

Hostess (reception)

Cook

14,

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MENU:

The menu should consist of a variety of items available for both

the luncheon and dinner periods, Offering an adequate but limited variety

of food items is important for efficient control of food costs.

There are six important elements which should be considered for menu

design and content. These are color, variety, appearance, taste, quality,

and acceptability.

Color: Foods should have contrasting colors which are pleasing

in appearance.

Variety: A variety of foods and preparation methods should be provided.

Appearance: The visual appearance of the food results in much of

the restaurants success.

Taste: The menu should provide combinations and changes in flavor,

such as sweet, tart, strong, mild, etc.

Quality: High quality in food must be maintained for continued

business.

Acceptability: The menu must be designed to give the customer exactly

what he wants at a price he can afford. This might

include children's services to attract family business.

15.

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LUNCHEON MENU:

Soup Du Jour .75 French Onion Soup 1.50

Shrimp Coctail 3.50

-SANDWICH BOARD-

Chopped Sirloin Steak and Sauteed Onions on Grilled Sourdough Bread, with French Fried Potatoes 2.45

Sliced Roasted Beef on Sourdough Bread, with Mushroom Sauce and French Fried Potatoes 2.75

Thin Sliced Roast Beef and Cheddar Cheese Grilled on Sourdough French Bread. with French Fried Potatoes 2.95

Grilled Cheddar Cheese on Black Bread, with an Array of Fruits 2.45

Corned Beef, Sauerkraut and Swiss Cheese on Grilled Black Bread, with French Fried Potatoes 2.95

Open Face Prime Rib Sandwich, with French Fried Potatoes 3.50

Continental French Dip Sandwich, with French Fried Potatoes and tomatoe garnish 3.75

16,

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-SALADS-

C l a s s i c a l Chef ' s Sa lad

J u l i e n n e of Roast Beef, Ham, Turkey, Cheddar and Swiss Cheese on Cr i sp Sa lad Greens with Tomato, Egg, and choice of Dress ing 2.95

Shrimp Sa l ad

Baby Shrimp on Crisp Salad Greens wi th Tomato, Egg, and choice of

D r e s s i n g . 2.95

S a l a d

Your own selection, "Do it yourself" from the Soup and Salad

Buffet 1.95

-CHEF'S FAVORITES-—-- — ^

Filet of Red Snapper

served with French Fried Potatoes ;3«95

Hamburger Steak

Lean Ground Beef topped with Crisp Onions and French Fried

Potatoes 3.25

Omelettes Fluffy (3) Egg Omelette with a choice of Zesty Cheese, Mushrooms,

Ham, or Spanish served with French Fried Potatoes 2.45

17.

Teriyaki Brochette

Marinated cubes of Beef with Mushrooms, Peppers and onions, served

with Rice Pilaf 3.95

Top Sirloin Steak

Top Sirloin Steak served on Grilled Sourdough Bread with Baked

Potatoe or French Fried Potatoes 4.50

Slim Burger

Plump Hamburger Patty served with Cottage Cheese and Sliced

Tomatoes 2.55

Brochette of Scallops Tender Scallops with Peppers, Mushrooms. Onions, and Rice P i l a f . . . 3 . 9 5

F i l e t of Sole Sauteed Amandine, Baked Potatoe or French Fried Potatoes 3.25

Luncheon Beverage...40

Cheesecake.... 95 Chocolate Mousse 1.10

Ice Cream 65

18..

DINNER MENU:

Veal Cordon Bleu, Rice and Vegetable 7.95

Chicken Kiev, Vegetable, Rice 6.50

Broiled King Crab Legs or King Crab Legs and Brochette of Beef,

served with Drawn Butter and Rice Palif 8.50

Roast Prime Ribs of Beef,

Au Jus, Creamed Horseradish, served v/ith Baked Potato or

French Fried Potatoes 9.50

ENTREES

Stuffed Flounder, Baked Potato, or French Fried Potatoes and Vegetable 7.50 r -FROM THE SEA-

Freah Sandia Trout, Sauteed Amandine, served with Rice Pilaf... 6,95

Filet of Red Snapper

Sauteed and served with Rice Pilaf.. 6.95

Brochette of Scallops Tender Scallops with Peppers, Mushrooms and Onions, Rice Pilaf....6.50

Scampi Large Shrimp sauteed in Garlic Butter, served with Rice Pilaf 6.50

19.

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Scampi and Brochette of Beef Large Shrimp, Cubes of Beef. Mushrooms, Peppers, Onions, Rice Pilaf 7,95

Broiled Salmon served with Rice Pilaf 6.95

Filet of Sole Sauteed Amandine, served with Rice Pilaf. 5-75

Steak and Lobster Top Sirloin and Lobster Tail, served with Baked Potato.... .11.50

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-FROM THE BROILER-

Steak f o r Two Top S i r l o i n , served with Baked Pota to oro French F r i e d Pota toes Per Person 6.25

Top S i r l o i n Top Sirloin, served with Baked Potato or French Fried Potatoes 7*75

Club Top Sirloin Top Sirloin, served with Baked Potato or French Fried Potatoes .6.75

Teriyaki Chicken Broiled Boneless Chicken Breast, with Teriyaki Sauce and

Rice Pilaf 5'^°

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Ground Beef Steak

Topped with Thin Fried Onions, served with Baked Potato 4.95 Filet Mignon

Petite Filet Mignon, served with Baked Potato 8.25

Rib Eye Steak

l4 oz. Steak served with Baked Potato or French Fried

Potatoes 8.75

New York Steak

l4 oz. Selected Aged Beef, served with Baked Potato 8.75

Teriyaki Brochette of Beef

Cubes of Beef, Pepper, Mushrooms, Onions, Baked Potato 5*95

Sliced Italian Steak

Sliced Top Sirlion, sauteed with Mushrooms, Onions and Green

Peppers, served with Rice Pilaf 6.95

( All Entrees Include Dinner Rolls and A Trip To Our Salad Bar)

ACCOMPANIMENTS:

Z ucchini Florentine 95

Skillet of Mushrooms 1.75

Thin Fried Crisp Onions... .75

Artichoke 1.50

Dinner Beverage 45

Cheesecake, .95 Ice Cream 65 Chocolate! Mousê<> .1.10

21.

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'u,'^ Site Analysis

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SITE

The site is located just east of Albuquerque, New Mexico, atop Sandia

Peak, with an elevation of 10,029 feet above sea level (5029 feet above city of

Albuquerque), in the Cibola National Forest. Also located on the peak is the

disembarkment dock for the Albuquerque Aerial Tramway (the major form of access),

the Summit House Restaurant, the lift disembarkment for the Sandia Ski basin,

a U.S. Forest Service Ranger station, the lorigin of numerous hiking trails,

and a small U.S. Forest Service service road.

The Sandia Peak Recreational Corporation leases this land from the

Forest Service to accomodate their facilities which include the tramway, the

ski basin, and the Summit House Restaurant. Currently the corporation intends

to convert the restaurant into a cafeteria type facility serving the skiers

of their ski resort and the visitors of its tramway. Also the corporation

plans to lease the ranger station and convert it into a tourist information

station for the ski resort. This corporation plans to either build a new

restaurant facility or to sub-lease the land to someone who will, ie. the

Anthony Gap. Inc.

22.

MM

MILAGE LOCAL (with driving time at 55 mph)

Albuquerque tos

Gallup

Santa Fe

Roswell

Clovis

Lovington

Artesia

Carlesbad

Alamagordo

Las Cruces

Miles

138

59

199

219

293

239

275

207

223

Time

25 hrs.

1 hr.

2 hrs.

2.25 hrs.

6hrs.

4.25 hrs.

5.25 hrs.

4hrs.

4.25 hrs.

INTERSTATE

Salt Lake City, Utah

Las Vegas, Nevada

Denver Colorado

627

590

450

12hrs.

11.5 hrs.

9hrs.

23.

f^

Tucson, Arizona

El Paso, Texas

Lubbock, Texas

Dallas, Texas

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Kansas City, Kansas

Miles ^39

266

319

670

564

800

Time 10

6

7

13

11

15.

hrs.

hrs.

hrs.

hrs.

hrs.

5 hrs.

24.

d ' 1 '

THE UNITED STATES

OF AMERICA

h j

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIOIM 25.

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THE WESTERN STATES

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RIO ARRIBA

SANDOVAL

SOCORRO

SIERRA

NEW MEXICO

County Seat Q

SCALE OF MILES 0 10 20 40 60

tV) 00

NEW MEXICO / 1

\

29.

30.

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en

> IT-OS

c c . en I

SCALE OF MILES

1 2

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ALBUQUERQUE

31

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Figure 9. — View southeastward from Jemez River val ley, showing dip slope and western escarpment of the Sandia Mountains. Albuquerque to r ight and edge of Santa Ana Mesa to left. Photo by Walter Lissiuk.

fit

32. •f.

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M'E X I C O G E O L O G I C A L S O C I E T Y T W E L F T H F I E L D C O N F E R E N C E

Jemez Mt». 11,250'

45iril«s

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. " D ^ /

M.sa 7

38

•

Nacimiento Mts. 7 0 0 0 - 8 5 0 0 ' 4 0 - 5 0 mil.s

**^°

Mt.Taylor 11,389'

66.S miles

Zuni Mts. 9000 '

95 miles Albuquerque volcanoes 6 0 3 3 '

19 miles

Sofigre de Cristo Ronge 10.000-12,400'

•IS-es miles

N O R T H

4

SANDIA CREST STOP 3 10,685*

South Scndio Peak 9765'

6.4 miles

Manznno Peak 10.120'

43 miles Chupadera Meso

7 3 0 0 ' 54 miles

Son Pedro Mts, 8 2 4 0 '

15.2 miles

South Min. 7 9 8 5 '

13.5 miles

Figure 5. - Panoramic index of features seen from Sandia crest.

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GLIMTE:

Temperature and precipitation in the Albuquerque region are determined

largely by local topography and air mass movements from regions outside the

state. The mean annual temperature ranges from 57*^^ at the Albuquerque Airport

to 38°F at Sandia crest? the difference in elevation is 5*3^5 feet. ' This

gradient of about 1°F for each 200-300 foot rise in elevation is the principal

controlling factor in the distribution of precipitation and vegatation, and

indirectly, in the physical appearance of the land forms. The mountain tops

would be even colder were it not for the increase of wind velocity with elevation

which tends to displace the normally cold air with warmer air. Low temperatures

in the Rio Grande Valley are normally 8-10 degrees cooler than for the pediments

and mesas, a few hundred feet higher in elevation.

The climate in the Sandia Mountains is similar to that of other

mountains of central and southern New Mexico. A marked difference exists

between the climatic conditions of mountain and mesa, and between the east

and west sides of the mountains. In summer, showers occur on the mountains

almost every day, usually of short duration.

The occurrence of the summer showers is directed largely by the

mountains, towards which air currents move during the warmest parts of the day.

These showers usually "come up" from the east or the southeast while the

eastern slopes of the mountains receive the greatest amounts of rainfall.

In winter, heavy snows usually fill the higher parts of the mountains.

The mesa is generally free from snow, excepting on northward slopes, where

3 .

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it may remain for several days.

In all seasons of the year the difference between night and day temperatures is relatively wide. The nights are always cool, while the mid- f day sun strikes with great intensity, on account of the dry, clear atmosphere. L Winter temperatures are rarely below 20°F below zero and summer temperatures do not often rise above 95 F«

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35:

TEMPERATURE

Month

January

February

March

April

May

June

JulT

August

September

October

November

December

Total Year

Ave Max

k6

52

59

69 78

39

91 88

82

71

56 W

69

Ave Min

Zk

28

33 kZ 53 61

66 61* 58

^5

31

26

Mf

Ave

35

^0

k6 56 65

75 79 76

70

58

^

37

57

Temp High

69

72

35

89 9

102

lOif

99

9

87

72

63

104-

Temp Low

17

1

9

23 28

^2

5^ 52

37

25

13b

4

17

•Degree Days

930

703

595 288 81

12

229

6 2

868

434B *Heating degree days are the number of degrees that the average

temperature is bbiow 65^F PRECIPITATION

ON

Mwith

January

February

March

April

May June

Jtily

August

September

Ootober

November

December

^?s?a .30"

.39"

.^7"

.48"

.53"

.50"

1.39"

1.34"

.77"

.79"

.29"

.52"

24 hr Max Precip

.87"

.48"

1.11"

1.66"

1.14"

1.64"

1.77" 1.22"

1.92"

1.80"

.76"

1.35"

Total Snowfall

9.5"

8.2"

13.9"

8.1"

T

T

.50"

9.3"

14.7"

Maximum Depth

5.1"

4.2"

10.7"

6.6"

T

T

.50"

5.5" 14.2"

•E»rr?P 'HSlrKISî.

SUNSHINE

Month

January

February

Maarch

April

May June

July

August

September

October

November

DecesiJI r

^ Possible Sunshine

73 74 74

77 80

83 76 76 81

80 78 71

Ave. Total Sunshine(Days}

13 12 12

13

15 18

12

14-

18

18 16 14

AVERAGE SOLAR RADIATION (langleys)*

January

April

July

OetobBT

250-300

500-550

650

350-400

*Langley - Gram Calories per square centimeter

HUMIDITY

-V}

Month 1

Januaz7

April

July

October

Hr.-05

68

^5 61

59

Hr.-ll

^9 25

35 37

Hr.-17

37

17 38

29

Hr.-23

58

23 49

. . ^

^^: ''^:<f**'mr:*m,w~ • li^BWW^î

a n i i t a a l SK%rc^m

• ' 1

Month

85^

m ^'"^ wM 5^ IN ^0',_ S 65® " 60^

t^ 55<* _ ^ 50** ^ " i o

40°

35* 3P©

p

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JON JUL AUG SEPl OCT NOV DEC YEAR TOTAL

^ ^ on —

S g — f — • i t - : • ^

CXI

120"

110"

^ 100"

E 90" A °"

\ 0 70"

Is! °" 1 W 50" ^ 40"

30"

20" 10" I^HI T T

awg •!«E&r,^:r -^»=KJjrii

m^f'smmummH'^

WIND INFCRMATieW

Jan N Feb

W E W E

8mph 8mph

£|ir N

llmph

\ W-

I -E

May

lOaxpti

W -

N

\ -E

Jun lOmph

W -

N

\

\

•E

VO

Oct N 8mph

Nov

E

8mph

Sept 9«ph

Dec

W-

N

N

1

• E

-S

8nph

i^'-'j.'-'vgj.- j.îiiii>ytfi(Hi(iiiWi'"_ •M:'":'-''--<T»a«' •• •.v.i ~, îE»rj^= 'âsmsx^t.

ANNUAL AVERAGE

^

9mi^

W .. >

-'

. , [

. K

NOTE:

Arrows indicate wind direction. Arroiêad is pointing with the wind and indicates the mostprevalent

wind for that mcxith. MPH indicates the maximam wind speed for that month. Winds are quite gusty at the ibop of Sandia Peak, this information is

for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The winds are channeled up the slopes of the mountains at higher speeds. I^Q

I

oyie^ntatioai ctai: TIME CONVERSION - STANDARD TO SOLAR

Daylight Savings Time

Month

Januajry Februajry March

April May June July August September

October November December

8"00 a.m.

7J44

7'M

6:49 6:57 7:00 6:5f*' 6:50 6:53 7:03

7:11 7:48 7:58

12:00 nooa

11:44 11:41

10:49 10:57 11:00 10:54 10:50

10:53 11:03 11:11 11:48 11:58

5:00 p.m. 4:44

4:41 3:49 3:57 4:00

3:54 3:50 3:53 4:03 4:11 4:48 4:58

Daylight Savings Time

SOLAR ANGLES

Tiiae

M<mth

January

February

March

April

May June

July

Mxsast Septeniber

October

November

December

8;00 a.m.

B 59°e

65°e 82°e

920e

980e

l02Oe

lOOê

920e

8i°e

680e

580e

53°*»

13^

14°

18° 240

25° 22° 18°" 13° 120

80

7°

PA 15° 30°

50^

55°

30© 15*=

IQO

B » Bearing

A » Altitude

PA = Profile Angle

12:00 noon

B 5°e 6°e

29°e 34rOe

430e

520e

480e

340e

240e

I60e

3°e

1°

30* 43*

50^

63* 69*

73° 680

63*

52*

420

33*

280

PA 35^ 40°

55' 65'' 750

800

75'' 65*

55' 450

35°

300

^:00 p.m.

B 60°* 70°*r

71°w

8lOw

90Ow

93°w 89°w 810^

72°w

640w

63°w

25* 320

360

38<

37° 33* 240

150 40

Stmdcwn 4:^5 p.m

PA 10°

25' 55' 75' 900

90°

75' 55' 30°

'MMWMBMwani"'• vww&mmfjaiamiwmgf- L3«t5»*giMiuyaiWMS" :wr. ••'* """"MIBfcaBHTMHM'iKi

SUN ANGLES

A- 8:00 a.m. N-12:00 p.m. P- 5:00 p.m.

~ . A — -..N—-« — P

Altitudes Bearing Profile Angle

SUMMER S0I5TICE -

WINTER SOLSTICE - DBCEMMR 21

4:-

I Biir,-^','««^'gBij!yKaeL« •.Mi!^^^^s^^^^::j!Si^s^S^^gg^^^Sl^!ûm^_i_^^^^%g^_ •.Vfmr mems^:

b

i. VEGETATION:

Under the influence of temperature and moisture availability, vertical

changes in vegetation correspond, in an approximate way, with latitudinal

changes. Each 1,000-foot increase in elevation is about equivalent to a

200-mile northward shift in Canada, such as spruce and fir, occur above 8,000

feet of mountains while plants typical of Mexico, such as mesquite and creosote

bush, have extended their range up the Rio Grande valley as far north as Rio

Salado.^^* This resulted in the formation of the "life zones" by Messiam(l896)

and the naming of zones such as the Hudsonian, Canadian, and Sonoran based

on the vertical distribution of plant and animal life but using geographic

terms to impart the idea of a relationship to latitude. •*

Later, ecologists found it necessary to refine the concept of life

zones and classify characteristic plant and animal associations into "biotic" 1 k communities.-^ The elevation tolerances for these "biomes" are as restrictive

as those of life zones. Hoff(l959) has suggested elevation ranges for the

plant and animal associations in New Mexico and has related them to life

zones (see subsequent illustration),

The three main types of vegatative cover are grassland, shrub, and

forest. Grass is of the short semi-desert type in the lowlands and of the

taller mountain grass and meadow type when associated with forest cover at the |

higher elevations. Shrubs are mainly sagebrush, salt-brush, arease-wood,

catclaw, rabbit-brush, and creosote-brush. The pinyon-juniper forest association

is the most extensive vegatative cover in the region (5.470,000 acres in the

43.

upper Rio Grande basin as compared to 2,883,000 acres for semi-arid grassland,

and 2,163,000 acres for ponderosa pine). -'• Other forest types are ponderosa

pine^tSpruce, fir, and aspen. Subsequent maps of these vegatative types,

toptgraphie and precipitation illustrate this,

44,

68 N E W M E X I C O G E O L O G I C A L S O C I E T Y •«• T W E L F T H F I E L D C O N F E R E N C E

L

ASSOCIATIONS AND LIFE ZONES

HIGHEST POINT IN STATE

TYPICAL PLANTS

•13,l5lft,—4-

ALPINE TUNDRA

(ARCTIC-ALPINE ZONE) \ " . ^ ^

— 1 1 , 5 0 0 f t . - 1 2 , 5 0 0 f t . \ —

SPRUCE-FIR

ASSOCIATION

(CANADIAN-HUDSON ZONE)

8 , 0 0 0 f t . - 9 , 0 0 0 f t

YELLOW PINE

ASSOCIATION

(TRANSITION ZONE)

7,000 f t . - 8 , 0 0 0 ft.

PINYON-JUNIPER

ASSOCIATION

(UPPER PORTION OF

UPPER SONORAN ZONE)

6 , 0 0 0 f t . - 6 , 5 0 0 ft.-

MIXED GRASSLAND

ASSOCIATION

(LOWER PORTION OF

UPPER SONORAN ZONE)

4 , 0 0 0 f t . - 5 , 0 0 0 ft

DESERT P L A I N S '

ASSOCIATION

(LOWER SONORAN Z O N E )

r

' • • 5 .

~7 ^ -7'7~\ % ^

N A T U R A L

V E G E T A T I O N

Desert grassland and shrub

Pinyon - juniper woodland

Ponderosa pine

[••••.''••.•':''-ii Spruce,f i r ,aspen

F igure 4 . V e g e t a t i o n in t he A l b u q u e r q u e r e g i o n , N e w Mexico (a f te r Dor t lnnnr 10SA1

46,

Figure 2. Physiography of the Albuquerque region, New Mexico.

^7.

w I m i

68-

Percent in worm

season (Apr i l -Sept . )

15-20 inches

10- 15 inches

< 10 inches

^8.

DRAINAGE:

The main channel of erosion in the area is Tijeras Canyon. This

canyon has been sawed through the uplifted edge and core of rocks nearly

transversely. ' It is now the outlet for about one third the drainage of

the area. '' It is rapidly being deepened by the scour of frequent summer

torrents. During ordinary conditions a small stream from mountain springs

flows above a gravelly bed to the edge of the mountains.

Bear Canyon and Canyon de las Huertas both have streams which relieve

some drainage of the mountains. These two particular canyons are frequented

quite often by tourists and campers.

Nearly all the canyons contain springs which flow at the surface 1 F\

of the canyons or underground through beds of sand and gravel. ' The springs

on the east slopes carry much carbonate of lime, originating in the cavernous 19 limestones which cover the slope. ^' These springs are more copious and

numerous than those on the west slope.

1.9.

* G e o l o q i m o d i f i e d f r o m K e l l e , M 9 S 4 ) onO n j r e o o d B o c h m O n ( 1 9 5 7 )

Figure 1. — Water-table and artesian-pressure-surface contours for ground water in the Rio Grande trough in Santa Fe, Sandoval, Bernalillo, and Valencia Counties, New Mexico.

• TOPOGRAPHY:

The main topographic features of the area are a mountain range and

its bordering foot hills and mesa. Viewed from the west, the Sandia range

presents a smoothly irregular sky line arching to a height of 2000 to 000

feet across some 18 miles and descending to the general level of the adjoining 20.

mesa. * At the base of the range on the west, the mesa slopes away at an

angle of 10° to 15°, but gradually decreasing to the valley of the Rio Grande

River. The south limit of this range is Tijeras Canyon, which cuts through

the general uplift and separates the Sandias from the Manzano range.

The west front of the range is very rough and its margin is separated

by many canyons. The upper limit is marked by a precipitous face of rock

having a slope of from ^5° to nearly vertical for a distance of nearly 1000 21

feet of descent. ^' The rim is very distinct, and the "roof" of the mountain

I slopes gently away to the east. The mass of the mountain westward from the

abrupt descent is an almost indiscriminate arrangement of peaks and irregular 22 ridges intensely cut by erosion. * Very little soil is able to cling to the

steep and rocky surfaces.

Toward the north end of the range a spur is given off which curves

southward forming a hook. Along the middle and southern portions of the

western edge of the Sandias the mesa deposits are much finer and the slope 23 is more gentle. •* The east side of the Sandia range has a general slope

of 10 to 15°• ' Compared with the western side of the mountan, it is rather

even and regular. The south end of the Sandias drops rather abruptly to the

51.

level of Tijeras Canyon. South of this canyon the mountains are not so high,

but there is a somewhat similar arrangement of topography.

52.

53.

p-m 1—" c"

\ \

^ . ^

• ^

: »

^Jj Sfrih T ^ W

\ \ l- l ,,i^).

WWW^

v; , w \^:^

\\\K

^ v \ \ -^^î^))/ )v->i.Ê^-^'^'ni/m^ W( f • % v .

x> ^ : : ^ \v^

-8000-

mti-..

, \ \ \ -^

V ^ %

iA-lJiSS-Sby V m \ \ \

\ \ \

mm

:\ (( '///S'

r*4- ::!! .r^-

. • ^ :

^*'Picnic ArM'

i trg /:

^ [; . W ;^^^te^M^^.^;'Sfe fend , ^>\'\^

\'-.: "i^ Av

, \ r

\ /

<:Â "^^y.

^% \ N . \ A

/ ( ( : ^ / . : :A \ : ^

J : •5)0 ^ r ^ Y^V.

kii.f?:^<s?j

(

A. . \ ^Ca<e;

\ \ \ ' l;?K

s<'

\\[(.\

K$-^< V \ •

iv_^'"v;d''',

fLXi^^\m•,l^.v^•/•' ' ' ••.•• A.:i-y\v.>A\v-':vi,il/j,'^ A/-^-

'^:^:::^j:%0^,.:^^^ 't ,yo-:?/^?r

. ir>—- r\-S j ^ ^

::fei S? *fe^ 5^.

ACCESSIBILITYs

The Sandia Mountains are easily reached by automobile, located about

10 miles from Albuquerque. U.S. 66 leads from Albuquerque to the mountains

and through Tijeras Canyon eastward. A paved road leads through San Antonio

to the Crest Lookout and on to the base of the ski basin. Unpaved roads,

maintained by the U.S. Forest Service serve as service roads for the rangers,

one of which exists from the Crest Lookout to Sandia Peak. An abundance of

hiking trails wind through the mountains as well. Also serving as primary

access to the recreational facilities at Sandia Peak and the current Summit

House Restaurant is the Albuquerque Aerial Tramway.

55 *

— -V - ' r * 3 0 > - ^ ' . - - , - ' - ,

• " " ~ >, \ i * - \ ^4 BERNALiiXo

1 - Ax -,.(-.;

S«tu Spr

Lê**

ifiDIO rowfRS '

\J^p^

spr

3 6 ; ;V I j .Madcr.i

Capulin J i .. - 4 :-^ y ' ; - V»'- ^

Y v\ ' .,v

GUDf

70V\'f« NO ' rov^'Ep Nc 2

A E m " //-

GAME ^ - -REFUGE

Luilunita Spr air

CAMP I P T Tecolote

" Peak

^^ .<^°' 3\* i I

NATIONAL

ELENA

-11 ;/

. S.AN PEDRO

^"yoo . ' • ^ '

- . ' f ' l •'SUt."WU» cjOTcoa 1 A_ J

GALLEGOS

BeaT*- ''y^'

Caftoncilo

5 (i*ui)' 9_

_ '-• !'/> 36 1 ,9 / -•V'

Hot N[.AHV "il 'fHt'X

U:KUhe^

I / •

56. A

I // • ^^:ip, ,

^ 36 -' > - Spr.

<?

[

FOREST

^Fji'o • r i -

UTILITIES AND SERVICE;

Electric service — The city of Albuquerque will provide service (existing on site)

Water and Sewage service; — Water is taken to the summit via the tramway

and stored in holding tanks. The sewage is

handled with septic tanks and serviced regularly.

Telephone — Bell Telephone Co; Albuquerque

Highway— Partial service is provided by U.S. 66, NM 10, NM h^. These take

you to the crest lookout. A small service road serves the peak

from the crest. This road will be modified for better access to the

site. Currently major access is provided by the Albuquerque Aerial

Tramway.

Wastes — Garbage will be stored and transported by the tramway to the bottom

for disposal.

Parking; — The majority of the parking will be located at the base of the

tramway to accomodate visitors of the tramway, the ski basin and

the restaurant and night club. Additional parking for approximately

20 automobiles will be provided at the restaurant to accomodate

guest or employees entering from the east side of the slope.

58.

:E'S JVEST

^^" ^r

1 A A /i Si te Images SL Aerial Photographs

' *sAii _ #: .

' . . • ' * > - - ' ' ' , ^ . . , " - , . : - • ^ c . « - > V ' » " ^ ' ^ ^ - " ^ S , »

65.

~*"-?x

66.

^

vf

'\ y i' ••••

'U.i Activities

PSYCHOLOGY;

Ideally, dining areas should be comfortable, attractive, and inviting

to its guests. It is important not to let the space get too overbearing as

it could destroy the specific! mood intended for the space if it is overdone.

A certain degree of privacy also must be provided. It is important not to

alienate the guests from each other ot from the overall mood of the setting.

Provisions for privacy must usually arise from other than the traditional

and obtrusive specifications of spacious aisles with large tables and chairs.

These principles hold true for the atmosphere of any night club also, with the

possible exception of privacy, depending oiS the setting. Usually guests in

a lounge or club are encouraged to integrate with each other. These spaces

must be convenient for customers and employees alike. Materials and furniture

should be considered carefully, keeping in mind holding down maintenance costs

and depreciation factors.

The simplest kind of relationship that exist among various elements

of a restaurant occurs in the small type where there is an entrance directly

into the dining area from the street and either a cloakroom or v/all hooks

for hanging coats. Beyond this, at the other end of the dining area, is the

kitchen. Occasionally such establishments have a bar or lounge near the

entrance.

The lounge, like the dining area, should be designed to attract a

particular type of clientele rather than to try to encompass all interests of

67.

all men. Since liquor is more profitable than food, the restauranteur does

well to encourage his patrons to use the lounge while waiting for a table.

68,

KITCHEN:

The most commdaa items of equipment for a restaurant kitchen are;

food supply, hot and cold water, steam supplies, baking oldens, roasting ovens,

top and cooking ranges, grills, fryers, broilers, vegetable sinks, washing

sinks, refrigerators, refrigerated storage area, dry storage, dishwasher,

dryer, waste depositors, and waste disposal. • '

For our purposes all kitchen activities are considered such as

buffets and small service stations which belong more properly to the dining

area. Thus salad and sandwich preparation areas and soda fountains of the

luncheonette variety are considered extensions of kitchen activities in the

dining area. The same is true of cafeteria lines, steam tables.etc., which 96

in a festive restaurant would be in the kitchen. '

The logic behind this approach becomes apparent when one considers

that the placing of equipment should be organized to route supplies and traffic

towards the dining room efficiently. Thus the main kitchen areas are as follows;

1, Receiving and storage spaces, including frozen food storage.

These should be located near the receiving dock.

2, Preparation areas for vegetables and meat with sinks and refrigerator

near by.

3, Cooking areas for general food preparation including baking.

^. Preparation areas for salad, fruit, desserts, and sandwiches.

-69.

5. Areas for coffee, tea, and soft beverage dispension.

6. Areas for dishwashing. '*

70..

DISTRIBaTIQIf OF QOCDS RBCBIVED:

71.

MANAGER'S OFFICE

Linen aiid Paper Storage

T

Low Temperature Storage

RECEIVING I Vegetable PreparatioQ

i

Meat i^êparation

if-

4

Dry Storage

Cooking Unit

f— I

Pot & Pan Wash & Store

Cleaning âpplies

a Garbage Piclr^p

Can & Track Washing

T w ^ ^

72,

CIRCOUTION AND SERVICE STATIONS:

CiroulatioQ of persoimil from dining room should be arranged, one-way, roughly as follows,

the last two being frequently combined:

WASHim SECTION

1 ^ C(HJ) FOOD SECTION

U HOT FOOD SECTION

U DESSERT SECTIOT

^

BEVERAGE SECTION

^ WAirER/WAHKESS SECTION

• • • • - • • • • • . - >

73.

. .

TEfeeppianiple waiter sections should always be located in the kitchen

with only substations in the dining areas. This is not possible in the case

of a restaurant where the server picks up the food from the counter or from

a through-hatch from the kitchen. Obviously, for aesthetic reasons, waiter

stations should not be placed in the dining area. A principle station will

carry, besides the items found on a sub-service station, such things as cubed

ice, running water, condiment refrigeration, and rolls. Beverages also should

be prepared in this section.

The proper relationship of a dining area to the kitchen facilities

is of the utmost importance. The simplest way to set forth movement of material

from kitchen to dining room to kitchen is to talk about those kitchen functions

that can and often do take place in the dining area.

7 .

Commercial Kitchen Equipment Layouts 28

•: . ' P f C A L L A V C U T S

T ,• ,(t r) I In- f r i l l 'nv i r - ( i p.Kin ' . I I D W S» h i - t 'M i r r dr .^wtniis (pf v,if lous W i l( I X M I .iriMS TfiO (}. dw

"in ; • " i i i i ' - n i j r d I c ' i - . . - . r f l i K I .JM' I.-IT..it > ••!.,i(onshi|)S u l l l i c f i i . i rn ( • ( lu ipn. i ' f i t j n t j d o

r * ' t t ' - f i | i r t n | i ' " s i :>t (|.".M)n sn l . i l i nn ' , . t u k i l i lii-M.

T : i ' ' I I f- ' i i iy ..M'f I.iv'Mit i-f c q i i i i ' " ' ' ! i\itl v.irv v'-'ili .niiif.ip.iti'd p.iin.Mi.ii|p .mtJ niMnu. ^ r '•».M"l'lr. lar.i" titLln'H'. rnjy i.i-..! "u)f<' Mcrns. Such as r.tiirp's .mti l>.(?tili.'s. than are

i> -.-.'i ,;t;ilfr "CIK; ' - I'>I] L-. ( lu'ns " !- r.- - ;iLhons m.iy f ombiMt; III a couking ate.i funct 'O ^ ^li'ivM" ^ ' [ . j r^ ic ly hil.uv. -.uf.h ,.•:. • . " t i n g ami bdking.

vV "*RK A I 6 L C 6

! f ••!' lUn.i tf.iffic. ("I ijM. vvMlth .s J ' 0 "

VV-h ? pifal lc l work i.ibii's, ri i ir i inium aisle widih is 3 ' - 6 " , pre'crablv 4' - 0 " io 4 C"

cp It

C ) V

. _ ; - u . f J "I" t ' - ' • < f

• 1

v> r I

• 1

•J3 lO

n -1

C O L D F O O D S I V . i» fy l ; e M A ^ ^ • J t .< )

S A N D \ ^ I C H E S , S A L A D S . O Y B T E B S . C L . A M B , A P P E T I Z E R S

S t A L C - A L L . ORAX^/ IMOS : / a • I ' - O "

A i

' • ' : . . L •

..XI 1 - / . ' ..

i i ! ^

• L 3

S A i . . : . !^. : .r j O E R

o K E : T L T ~ i ~

' F L O O I ' I o r c ' C s s i O N i I S L U P E D , T . T D H A . l s i

' F' r E P S I E A t . ' E P

f - I A ^ ' ^ j r j W Y ( . l / .T.E O R L E G S U M D E P

^ S T A H i E f ' O T" ^ - ' ^ .C ' - ' O V E P I

^ M , . O D O P V L r j T iL A T O P " l O v E H l

.... >• H.-. i fJ I M A R I E

C O O K I N G A R E A A G A I I M S T W A U L

— X " 7 " ^

^ t^jKC- p'C r . L f F-?

C u r T C R O D i C E R

/ ' V K G f^t f"

\ ^ I X E n n A C K

0=0 "^^ 2 VEGETABLE a SALAD PREPARATION May also have |Xirial)ie racks, cold cabincls, plaie dispensers, etc.

• 0

0

r

'-3 0

p' ,

t .

B B A f t g

H : ; r ) _i iJ V [ ^J 1 11 A T I

<{ j v n J • .1. -» S H E L V E S

H R C 5 I L E R

t l t . v P A - . r C " ' L E :.=• ' J ' JOS P '

D

an JZL B O X P " c n <

• V> /ALK - i r s j j

TaA A/ n . ig

b

-« T A B L f

« F, t-J C M

•"jrju-jrjr.R

' f * A ' f J -

iliiii

T A B L E >-T" E ' Ii « r: , . : w

M E A T a F I S H P R E P A R A T I O N

I l i p i . t f r ,n i ( ) | .menl r. lv() iC.lt i n p l - ic rs vvhr fc i n c i l HiitJ l is i t arp p rc rL i r i ' l l o n p ' c n i i s c i

H|. i , i i | . . . . u l 111" , i , / , , i l , , l i i l i ty 1)1 ( r o / c n j n i l p i i ' c u l i r i M l , . • " ! I i i l i Ih i5 , i r id iu(| .niL ' i i l in . r / 111. i n ( , i l , l . , . i |

C J O K I N G A R E A ; I S L A N D T Y P E

75.

Commercial Kitchen Equipment Layouts 29-

. 1 ; F . P

J i . : : J i : liiii

nil i i i i i i n C' A ' : T E P

[ r A M I p"-.

e 'vL . ' t t »^s 1 p v E P ^ R .•• t.J .1 ' i

J A L A * , * A r - j i . ( : p c - j

00000 nn-".: . ^ ' _ I

.• - • : rv / . 1 T M

J_ . . H o o n c.ip vEl^JTi i . A T i j r ^ l O v E P l * r ' . * . ^ ' | 3 •- O-.." ^ E : P A ^ T t r j - j A . ' C .

A- . p f : . . ' . ' ' ^ ' 3 1 ..,•_. c: r . ' LT *.>(-'. F •" r :; r .uT " i-.c TO ; .p.-. • .

n f ) T r > A C K l O v C P l C O . . I-- S ; A P k . r i . ^ . r s ( _ r v O E ' - ' l O N J

A - . A . N r ^ T A A 1 . L . . \ > . , . 1 . T . ^ p _ - v E

- J ^ 1

, T f / . - . I T - A B t . C • f = * L A T r V v ' A R M F . F ? i T L A \ 1 - A H L E.

£•-» A t ^ J O [ l b

C O O K I N G A R E A F O R L A R G E D I N I N G E S T A B L I S H M E N T S

Di*:b'HV"/A'onF:R

C L fc;Af J L ; ;SMt ' - . tt Cji. AS£,S,r Ti

(•;>' A ; i \ j ' v f ^ r g J i^ • ^ • . V A i a H E R O i

, s o A H: t i I r-j i<

*~.OlLE r j l l O U A S S E E

' I

(s5 • ^ O i u l O IDT

.PRE WAS i - iER

n i ^ F ' O h i t P I W H E R E I f O A L 1

A . O" 1 iL' O

T Y P I C A L D r S H V w ' A S H I N O L A Y O U T

G E N E R A L N O T E S :

M . i n y t I c b i i j M i I . . I l l h . ( i i U i p I u i l

A r r , i i i . l i . i l l | . | i l l i i i l l i i . I10..1I P v S I ' L ' u l ( . . i l . i p l i s h r i i i . n l . i n i l l l l j p i - u l

S p j t c i j i / . i l f j p l c

A r i . i n i J ( ; f n ( . . m s l u f W d S h i n y i j l . i i i L - s , s i i v i - r u n d I f j y s J i f ( i i i i l i : i . n . i l d i

j n U i i t j y I jL' i l t s i i j i i L - t l v - ^ i t h i n d i ! . l i w c i s l l i n i j . l i e d

M . i n , l y p L " , i . l 111..1 l i i n i - b . i i ( ; . i v j i l . i l i l i - ( o r . i H l y p i ' i u l u | i i i . . l . u i i s

( • I i ( | l i l l y p i - I S U . i . . | l i l I l i l L ' L u n v i ' y u i l d i i d c . u i i l i i i i i u u ' j i i v . i l • . h . i p i . d

t - u i i v i . ' y u r ' j y i l L - i n . , .jft". j v j i l d b l t . .

W O R K C O l . r 4 T E P

C i L . A S t j V ^ A 5 4 . M E P

IIJ-^:^ ±[:

XLLl r "T"

S E R V I C E B A R L I Q U O R . W I M E B , S O F T D P I hJ K 6

H;^.'*PL )

\--- -- - ' , j i ) [ I . . . I

A I . .- « - ..

. • p A i r 1 1 j A P l i

P O T W A S H I N G

76.

Commercial Kitchen Equipineni 30.

AS DEGIRED

W O R K T A B L E . '• r. • r..( : A i , ^^• ' ^^s .^ ' t T A U

; wA^^f p ^ t* u^J[.1F Pl^ i - rELVES i l l .'.-J' TO 3G"

P L A T E W A R M E R S r.iE TAL r o f ' S . p o r ? ' t 5 0 0 R S o S H E L V F : S H f i A T E D s v G A S . E I E C -T P I C I T V OR S T E A M MAY BE F PEE-STArJDI IJO o n BUILT-irv) OTFIEP FTATurÊS HT 2 - e T O 6 - O"

DE^mPEO

B A I N MARIE METAL HEAILTJ t lY CAS. E L E C T R I C I T Y OR SiTEAM MAY BE F PLC sTANjDirsi i j o n SET ir-JTO C C I O K S TABLE H T 3-1" TO 3G-

1

1

- - ! • -

1

1 1 1 1

CAF.rvirjr, BOARD

o ô oOo

b

rj

M T E A M T A B L E

' Top oppiii(i(|s are 1 2 " x 2 0 " or

?•• X 1 8 " . Pans are l u l l , half, t h i rd .

.-laMcr or sixTh si/es, 'l-'s = G'••:^' , 8 * 2

•• 10 .'p .

.•' Tdblc rriav t".' f i i y heated iqas or

''Miiricl or wet stc.i in hnalcd (gas,

•'•M.tric or steam).

' Tdl)!e may f>e frppslanding or blTed

•>to cook's tables or counlcrs. niay b,ivf} '.'•fVMuj sbr-lf above,

I'lh a warming un i t . a lower BreD f i l l ed

etc.

2 - - I O " * 3 ' - 6 "

M I X I N G M A C H I N E MAfsJY TVPL? i t i S t Z t S MT 26"' TO 65 "

F O O D C U T T E R M A H I O H

JY 17"

TN PES TO 2 2 "

TABLE

e. S I Z E S or^ LEOS

PEEL TRAP'

BUTCHER BLOCK Y^/OOD Orsi L E G S H T 3-> • TO 3G-

1 1 ,L

PAPER MArsJY TVtÊS & « I Z fc" s HT I B " TO 62 "

B A K E a R O A S T O V E N OA'j i <_in I L( r i r - ) ic rÂrj> T V f C S fcl. SIZEIS HT -ê" TO 6 6 '

S T E A M E R S T E A M , OAG OR E L E C TRIC APPI=?OX H T 6 0 "

S T O C K K E T T L E S T f l A M . GAS OR ELt .C-TF^lC WAtNlY TVPE.S » S I Z L S HT :^2' TO 3 4 "

77.

1 1 1

A •: 1 •'• 1 3 I

i , -'

o ( )

Q -I'-O" — 7 - 0 "

1—I 1 . 1 '"^ 1 : 1 ?

e •

r 1 : ;oA i_ OR OIL

fl'in' A V A I L A B L E

ul

d ^ a a

0

^ S A L - f - M A r j C E R 31. •T

1

2| 1

] -

\ SHELF

OO O O s' '

OPEi-J TOP

2 - H • - 2 2 - I O " 2 -

T 1 1

S H E L F

O T H JP t»RO

S" .• 2 B- - 2 -lO" 2'- iO" 2 -

1 0

•

II.f P 1

P •••- ,.'• I

T T E L E C T R I C MT i-G- G A S HT ?<-,-

Ff?>E.R M A Y B E I N S E R T E D G L T W E E M O P E 'J T O P » ' . f .^0.3Tf-

A^4GES

• - i n C ^ ^ I T C H E ^ i •A C H I N E S

^ !t S.I'A'i

'•_-t: qr irtders

• ' ' • j i s l ic 'rs

ire,!') ShCPfS

Iv'.'f washnrs

• l i v r b y m s b e r s

" • '> V.H' fuTS

'Nr.*; washers ' ( i ^ j ^ t p r s

'înddlcs 'rjt plates

:.-p fn ,i.prs

re f:ream r.ihinets

r ^ O T E S

1 Provide hoods connected to mechanically venl i idted duc twork , or other approved type of vent i lat ion lor bake and roast ovens. steamers, stock kettles, fryers and ranges.

2. Ranfjes, fryers and ovens should hnve legs Of be v; i on masonry pidtforms.

3. Steamers, parers and kettles should be placed in depressed f loor areas wi th drams,

or provide properly sloped troughs w i th drams

in floor at f ront of f?<|uipmenl. Acid resistant

grout recommended for tile m these areas.

r - 2 " ^ 2 ' - 3 "

FRYER C A S O R r _ E C T R i c M A i B E : S E T ir JTO

MT z&'

78.

1

J

Q. to"

<

J

1 1

' ip 1

' L cL

_J

SERVING TABLE (& sideboard) >^

32 =

As Service only

Ap Public circ'n

— Clcdrdnce +o ad-jacenl untls

Lenqth / Width \ ' " ^

Abs. Mm.

? -6_

2 0

? 0

42 ' is av

1 Des. 1 Mm, ! 3-0

! 2.6

t r a ' j e .

C omforl-able

3-6

3 0

2-6

Display tables (hors d'ocuvres, etc.) usually 5 ' 0 " x 2'0'^ (wmes), 3' 0" round

tf> <

. V .

\ \

AREA OCCUPIED BY CART WHEN STORED: 38x2lJ/2"^35 oj^

SERVING CART

As Service only

R Turn rad iu i

Dooi r, opening wi dth

Abs. Min.

2 0

3-0

2-0

Des. Min,

2-6

3-6

2-6

Approx. area when storcH; SB'' x 21 ' / i " x 35"

79.

m

33.

WALL OR COLUMN i . n i m i r y i i i | i i . ii !|i i n ji 11 il i iiii

Ck.

<

iDli

i-L,

AREA OCCUPIED BY TRAY STAND WHEN STORED: 5"x 2 0 " x 3 4

TRAY STAND

As Service only

Ap Public circ'n

-» Clearance to adjacent units

Abs. Min.

2-6

2-0

2-0

Des. Min.

3 0 2-6

2-3

Comfortable

3-6

3-0

2-6

Lengfh ( fray) }

Wid fh ( t r a y r r Depends on fype of resttsuront

Approx. area of stand, stored: 5" x 20" x 34''

'

ex. V7 <

J

11! n 111

1

1 > 1

' 1 . ,

1 \

- L ,

1 1 I t ] I ! ! 1 M l

1.

_ J

I I I 1 I I I

WATER COOLER

Length

As

Ap

C

Service only

Public circ'n

Clearance to adjacent units

Abs. Min.

2 6

2 0

Des. Mir,.

3 0

2-6

Cary arrange on tc

Comfortable

3-6

3-0

p or ^ronf

Depends on car W id th 1 included.

and if qless stora'.je

Fig. G Serving units.

80.

• s s ^

J ^ - '

BAG] r e s t a i i r a i t t - i i i g l i t dii]

. - ' ^ ^ ^

• • • 1

^ ^ -

^ ^ ^ Design Requirements

Since the restaurant business began, nothing fundamental has changed

in the expression of hospitality, although the "playing rules" have undergone

constant changes. The word "hospitality" comprises the services rendered for

the well being of a guest. Aside from the food, its preparation and service,

great concern has always been made in creating just the right atmosphere for

the desired dining experience. The configuration of guest space is enhanced

by the appropriate use of decoration that creates the desired mood of atmosphere.

The designer must strive to achieve a pleasant, warm atmosphere

when he is decorating a room in harmony with contemporary techniological

insights as well as a new type of design. The shapes and proportions of the

rooms, the materials, structure, and color combinations, the amount and ar

rangement of lighting, and the site itself combine to offer an active experience

and a comfortable, pleasant stay.

The term "exterior" in the case of a restaurant and/or lounge may

be taken to include signs, logos, landscaping, parking areas, buildings,

entrance doors, and windows. The function of the exterior design is to attract

customers to the interior design where, if it measures up to the exterior,

they can be relied upon to stay.

8l.>

S : A C E REQUIREIVIENTS S

Dining Area

The patron's size and the type and quality of service should be

considered. Small children may require only 3 square feet for a type of

service while an adult would require 12 square feet for comfort. The amount

of serving equipment in the dining area and line-up space will influence needs.

Lost space must be considered.

The diner's comfort should govern allowance. Crowding is distastful

to many people. It is more acceptable in low-cost quick service units than

in those featuring leisurely dining. Place settings for adults allow 2^ inches

and for children 18 to 20 inches.

SQUARE FEET PER SEAT USED FOR .,K VARIOUS TYPES OF FOOD OPERATIONS'^^

Type of operation

Cafeteria, commercial

Cafeteria, college and industrial

Cafeteria, school lunchroom

College residence, table service

Counter service

Table service, club restaurant, hotel

Table service, minimum eating

Banquet, minimum

Square feet per seat

16-18

12-15

9-12

12-15

18-20

15-18

11-1^

10-11

82.

All.'Of the areas in a dining room used for purposes other than

seating are a part of the square footage allowed for seating, excluding waiting

areas, guest facilities, cloakrooms, and other similiar areas. Service stations

may be estimated in the proportion of one small one for every 20 seats or a

large one for every 50 to 60 places.

PRODUCTION AREAS

A frequently iiised rule for allotting space for the kitchen is that

it should be one-third to one-half the size of the dining room. Detailed

studies of space allocations leads to the conclusion that percentages in relation

to the dining area are unrelated. An analysis of specific needs is required.

Many factors influence space requirements, such as:- - *

1. Type of preparation and service

2. Amount of the total production done in the unit.

3. Volume in terms of number of meals served.

^. Variety of foods offered on the menu.

5t Elaboratenes of preparation and service.

6. Amount of individual service given.

7. Seating and service plan (multi-level or not).

Kitchens serving a smaller number, require a larger square footage

per meal than those serving a larger number. After production policies have been

established, work areas may be blocked out in terms of the equipment needs

and the number of workers required to do the work in a section. Linier space,

depths and heights for work centers should be controlled in terms of average

human measurements, including the reach to and grasp of material or equipment

used in working.

83.

Aisle space should permit for easy movement of essential traffic.

The mininum v/idth for a lane between equipment where one person works alone

is 36 and ^2 inches, where more than one is employed and where workers must

pass each other in the progress of work.-' ' At least 60 inches is needed

for main traffic lanes where workers regularly pass each other with mobile

equipment.-' ' ' The percentage of floor area covered by equipment varies ac

cording to production needs and the type of equipment used. A satisfactory

layout may claim less than 30% of total space for equipment while work areas,

traffic lanes, and space around equipment for easy operation and maintenance

may require 70? or more.

SERVING AREAS

Space allowance of serving areas should be adapted to the needs

of the specific facility. The menu, organization of work, and number served

will influence size. The type of service will also be influential in dictating

space needed.

RECEIVING AND STORAGE AREAS

Space allocation for receiving and storage must be based on specific

needs. The volume and type of items received and stored should be considered.

The space requirement in square feet for food storage for 30 days has been

calculated as approximately one-half of the total number served.^ ' Refrigerated

and low temperature storage must be calculated and planned for.

8^.

SANITATION AREAS

The space required for the dishwashing and sanitation operation

depends on the methods and equipment needed. In all instances there must be

adequate room to receive the volume of soiled dishes likely to arrive at any

one time, plus space for scraping, stacking, and placing in baskets on a

conveyor of a machine or into a prerinsing operation. Provide a soiled utensil

collection area adequate for the largest volume of pots and pans that normally

arrive in the section at one time.

85.

.FINISHES COLORS AND FURNISHINGS:

LIGHTING

The correct amount of and the type of lighting play an important

role in setting the mood of the desired atmospheres for the dining or driking

areas. In considering lighting, natural light, when available, should be

used as it is the cheapest means available while also conserving valuable

energy. Also extended use of fluorescent lighting v/hen possilbe is more

efficient than the incondescent type, as it is much cheaper.

COLORS

Amounts of and types of light should be used in correlation to color

combinations of the interior design. Warm colors combined with dim lighting

suits luxurious dining areas best. A space that is constantly dark (below the

threshold of discernment of color, 1 to 5 candle power) might just as well

be painted black, grays, and white. Avoidance of the use of yellows, greens,

grays, and purples is suggested as many people look upon them as unsavory.

The use of artwork and sculpture is suggested as good taste.

FLOOR AND VJALL ACOUSTICAL COVERINGS

Floor coverings come in two types: resilient and rigid. Almost all

the foregoing flooring types are benefitted by faithful v/axing, which seals

the surface and helps maintain the original colors. Vifall-finish materials

may be considered as extensions of floor coverings, since many of these, like

86.

terrazzo and various tiles, natural and synthetic, are used effectively in

such application, particularly in self-service and counter operations. Acoustical

control through the use of floor and wall coverings should be considered

carefully.

87.

F l . G O R i ? ^ G P r - A T F . n i A L S F O R R E S T A IJ V A ' ) ! a'

1

-

Lobviy Steps

Concrete ' Yes Yes

Jtmzza Yes Yes

QuErry & VitreaiisTi'.s Yes Yes

Magnesite Yes Yes

Linoleu.-n Yes Yes

Vinyl Tiifl Yes Yes

Asphalt Tile . _ Yes* Yes*

Rubber Tils Yes* Yes*

Cork Tile No No

Wood Yes Yes

* Do r,c'. i:. ; i'. '.iiefe is grease in the ?'ii. t Specia

Rest D' ".^

Roo.nis Ro;.::i

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

No Yes

Yes Yes

Yes* Yesr

Yes* Yes*

No Yes*

No Yes

gree;?-procf type wMch '::, avi ' !

Gr-iii-: Kitchen Di^^.,:•;^•^3 Bs-sshj, Refri;..:.,';;,- S t i ' i £ i

Yes Yes Yes No Yes

No No No N J NO

Yes Yes Yes ' Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

No No No No Yes

Yes No

Yest No Yest No Yes'

No No No No No

No No No No No

No No No No No

^.ble.

88,

FURNITURE

Furniture arrangements and layouts are important aspects of the

overall functioning plan. They become integral parts of the building design.

An architect's conception of space automatically includes furniture and interior

design as he-prepares the plan. The furniture should integrate smoothly with

the interior design and color combinations. The furniture is a major determinant

of the mood of the atmosphere. Also to be considered is the maintenance and

durability of the chosen furniture.

The relationship of the chair to the table must be tested. Do not

just test the chair for comfort, (see figure of the following page)

1. Dimension A should measure 18" to the top of the seat with the

user's weight on it.

2. If dimension B is 29", then dimension A should be 17"'

3. Dimension D (2*^") is a minimum amount of foot room needed to

prevent the table base from obstructing the position of the chair.

k. Though the crucial comfort point on the chair back varies, it

is a rare chair that is comfortable with a back less than 2*9"

from the floor.

The furniture, its function and comfort play an important role in

whether or not the patron returns to the establishment.

89.

^msimmi

\

90.

J

mmmmm^

I'G-ia ^ ~ \

. - - • ^ • . ^ - • \ . v , i ; ' '

:.' < ; ic— •> '^ \—2 :(yA-\

a'

•Z"2'6'

"M: ; _ j

O/O ) ' C,"

4'A' 8" I 2 3 ' A ' 17• 3 / i "

—TTT^. '•-^•,'Tî

Z -14 '

- f "

I .',_-

1 /-Z0'-Z'2r

h

I i-A'

X I S T ; — i — ^'l{ 1K.J xni

i^^j->'f—r-'

-r-ri-^

-^—30'

3'6'

2'6'-l

3- . t' â.J.»lil ti

39.

91.

I • G" 9

k-o. RECTAN GC L A R TXii irts^n:asirrD"W7ra:s (with 4 chimsj •

S2, .Mii'iinuuri Lengtii of UilNic Widtli Oi' tabic Table to pubiic aisle Between tables

^•i

T

' 3

:';. 6 in. fl. . t. 'ft.

.Adequate

3 ft. 10 in. 2 fl. 6 in. 3 ft. 6 ;n. 3 ft. 6 in.

uCMralNic

4 ft. 2 ft. 8 in. 5 ft. 4 ft.

CIRCULAR TABLES (with 4 chairs)

': Space Minimum

Diameter of table 2 ft. 8 in. Table to public aisie 3 fi. Table to wail ' ft. 6 in. Between tables* 2 fi. ''Distances between tables to rows parallel to public aisle to provide .sen'ice aisle

Ade

2 ft. 3 fl. 1 ft. 2 fi.

quate

10 in. 6 in. iO in. 6 in.

Desirable

2 ft. 10 in. 4 ft. 6 in. 2 ft. 3 ft.

SQUARE TAi3LES (with 2 chairs facing each other)

Space Minimum Adequate

^Length and width ' of "tables 2 ft. 2 ft. 6 in. ;Tab!e to wall 1 ft. S in. 2 ft. Table to pub-ic aisie 3 ft. 4 ft. • Between tables 0 6 in.

Desirable

2 ft. 8 in. 3 ft. 5 ft. 1 ft.

•

RECT.'WGULA.R TABLES (with 4 chairs, 2 each on facing sides)

Space

Lenr.th of table Wid^h of table Tabie.to wail Table to pubiic Betv.-ecn tables

aisie

Minimum

3 fl. 5 in. 2 ft. 2 ft. 3 ft. 6 in.

0

Adequate

3 ft. 10 in. 2 ^.1. 6 in. 2 ft. 6 in. 4 ft. 6 in. 1 ft.-

Desirable

4 ft. 2 ft. 8 in. 3 ft. 5 ft. 6 in. 1 ft. 6 in.

'Spaces shown arc recommended for tables and chairs set between a ;long aisle and a W..I1 or partitio::.

' ^ 1 ( \','/L

LJ 92.

iMsm^

Seating Arranyements i n .

...A 1.1a

L , t - '• • - .

T T -

I - f 1 ' ' 1. I I

1 :

iTOO

< / -% v ' !

I, 'iTOO •> - ' I - -J,

.A/<,y

.n n. • . ^ -

> I

d

•0 0 ° f - o ' « "

_,.3 1 —

IDOO

xn4 dZLi" [ a n L

- I

in

S Q U A R E A R R A I M G E M E N X

rui 3

• - T / ^ • . / N . ^

I • I •

' I ' v .

C L E A R A N C E S A= 6. • ^v1l Jl 1_•M (^JO r s ^ s S A G E I A= r - e " L I M I T E D RAîOAOE A= 2 - e " T O 3 - 0 " SERVICE AISLE

IB'- < VARIES 1 I

EtDOt C..F- CMAIK D.f-F r .TLV u ' . r c R f - - . r - ' T.-.iji r

V J-.LL T A O L E S DIAOO^JAL AF-IR A r J G E M E N T S

E L E V A T I O N BI-ÔVVINO R E L A T I O N O r C H A I R T O T A B L E W H E N A P E R S O N IS S E A T E D

M A X I M I N

10-11 I 7

I^-TS ; 10-12 "Is [1?

T Y P E or R O O M

B A N Q U E T

T E A R O O M D I N I N G R O O M / R E S T A U R A N T

C A F E T E R I A

L U N C H R M S : C O U N T E R A N D ^ 20 I 16 C H A I R - T A B L E T Y P E S I N C L . C O U N T E R S . C H A I R S | I T A B L E S I 1

S E A T I N O A L L O W A N C E S

These figures are rule ol ihumb (or square Icei per person (non sldnddrdi7Cd), drid are 10 be used only for making an apprOKirnalion of sealing capacities.

93.

T Y P I C A L S E A T I N G A R R A N G E M E I s l T S

i^2.

V A OM O

- f

«

P E R e O N S

?

4

A

r ?•

?•

,-,

O H

H'

c-fi-

• n-

B

10

to

X

7 3

3--A--

W 6-

6-3-

t i )

111

S 3 U A R E

I

P E R S O N S A ^ B

2 ICM Or,IC 1 3' • 6 " 10 ?' - 0 " °'°'"-' . 1 0 ;

2 2' O" U) ] ?• - O" 10 I ?• r,- I ?• . G "

•» , 3 ' Il • 111 :

' V IV ! ?• - Q-' lo

I '.• O' I I . j 3' Q-

B' O"

R E C T A r g G L E

T«*'les -.-.'di.'r llian 2' B"' will seal one at each end.

P E R S O f ^ S A

? ! ?• Q-

2- 6"

3 - O"

R , ' ( l l.iblcs are ijsu.illy n <-oMirnrri(lr.d i " ' , lur se.iltrK) 5 OS ••>ns or niore.

' A " I I " " depends on ilii- IIII i initvr, I r 10 V 2" per litrsonl neces'.arv lu se.!! fi-fiuirrd number F oi cock

't.-i^^ 1 G" 'S suHlcirnl

T A B L E S ttr '!•'.im si/es are S.IIISI.K luiv for (funk srrvicr'. Inrqer f j i , I'T Iiinif Tat'l'-. .Mill '.Mdi- spri-dd liases aie n-.ore cr lif.jl Ih.in loui li'tini'il t,lilies.

i

•t:

• j " 1

B.

_

. -_9.

J^

,__o__._. , ._ .c ._ .

1

E

!

Wilh '.lopifiq SPJl hdck 5 - A' siop'M'j seal hdck 5' <! ' tn 6'

to 6 ' - 2". Wiihoul

B O"** inMsofi pi.T sitle 2' - 0 to 2' 6" . Two pi'iso'is f)i,'i sidr 3' 6" to 4' - 6 " . RDComnienUed max. for serving ar>d cleanmg A- 0".

c V- 6 " •

D 2' 0' 10 2'-- 6".

E 2 - t u 6 "

5"--* • TO 6 ' - 2 " CJ- T . :

Oi

•J

.2 - O " TO T 7 I . - - -

ELEVATIOrs I B O O T H S

Local Tpqulalinns (J{'rcrniini> actual hooih st?cs Tables rfre ohcn uvu inches shorter tha-i seats ^ n j mjy have fcundi'd ends. Circular booths have overall diameter of 6 - 4 " +

! 1 '

T Y P

S T R >

r , - . ^ - - --. 1 P I u <! 1 '—' *

- i-^4 > ^ - j -

E:6 1 A a : c . 0 MGHT i r - 5 " to

r - 6 ' : "

A R M ' 1 ' - 5 "

r- 6" T A V E R N V - 5 "

I - 2 " 10 1 r - 2 " i o 1 2 - - 8 " to r - 4 " j r - 4 " 3 ' - 0"

r - 7 • to 1 r 3" 10 2' 0" to 2 - 0 " i 2- 0 3 - 6 "

V - 5" to r- 3" 10 2 ' - -t • to r - 8 " r - 6 - 2 - 6 "

o i r j i N G ' ' - 6 " 1 r - 5 • 10 1 r - G" IO 2 ' - 10" 10 R O O M r - 9 " 1 r - 10" 3 ' - 3"

C H A I R A N D C H A I R D l l v l E N S l O N S

Chair rail heights <ire delermined by dimension D.

N O T E Di'.'F • I S O N S S M O ^ r . j AHF r jO r N E C E S S A R I l •/ tJRAkVN T O S C A L E

9^.

WALL OR OTHER FIXED OSSTRUCTION • ' • ' • ' ' ' • ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I I M . M M l . l l . M . i i i K . i M . i i i i M i I l i i i i M i M f M l M l t l M I I I I M i m i l M I M M t M H P " . 1 1 1 1 1 M t M I M I • M i ' M l l l l

a D a .0

LIMITS OF AISLE

OD OD As AR.

^3.

all dim.niioni in U. t «nd Inchtl

WALL OR OTHER FIXED OBSTRUCTION

• •• • " ' i | . . . i ' i

-V o CO (Ji

CD

m CD

m o X

o n a

W

LIMITS OF AISLE

OD

Ap Public circ'n

A i S.rvic* sisU

C B.lwa.n units

Length

Width

Abi. Min.

• I - I O to

4 - 4

3-0 to

3-6

0 to 3

1-8 to

2 - 0

1-8 to

2 -0

0«t. Min. 2-3 io

5 -0

3 -6 to

4 - 0

4 to 6

2-3 to

2 -4

2 -2 to

2-3

Comfort-. b l . 3-0 to

5 -0

3-9 to

4 -0

6

2 - t lo

2-6

2-4 to

2-6 * Lowtr ring* only If ch«irf, etc., do not project into aiiie

- * Ap

A I

B

C

Pubiic circ'n

S.rvic. . i l l *

To w.ll

B.lw.sn units

L.ngth

- Width

Abs. Min, 3-0 to

4-6 3-6 to

4-6 1-8 to

2-0 0 to 8

1-8 to

2-0 l-B to 2-0

D.s. Min. 3-6 to 5-0 4-0 to 5-0 2-0 to

2-6 6 to 1-0 2-3 to 2-4 2-2 to

2-3

Comfortable 3-9 to 5-0 4-0 to 5-6 2-0 to 3-0

1-0

2-4 to 2-6 2-4 to 2-4

95..

WALL OR OTHER FIXED OBSTRUCTION ( l u m i m i l r H ^ . j l i ; i l ; , ^ . | H j , ^ ^ m j ^ m , I j^ i l^m^. r r i . in iM^, . ,

D D

W

LIMITS OF PUBLIC AISLE

. Servlj* or pub. circ'n

C Between units

Length

Width

1 Abs. 1 Min.

2-0 to 3-6

3-0 to 3-6

3-6

1-8 to 2-0

Des. Min.

2-6 to 4-6

3-6 to 4-0

3-10 to 4-0

2-0 to 2-3

Comfortable

3-0 to 5-0

3-9 to 4-0

4-0

2-4 to 2-6

VMLL OR OTHER FIXED OBSTRUCTION " " " " " " " " " I ' M i m i i i i i i

iî^.

1;_

J. LIMITS OF PUBLIC AISLE

dll dimensions in feef and inches

. Public Ap . , " circ n

. Service A i 1

only B To wall

— Between units

Diameter

»l Perimeter per seat

Abs. Min.

3-0 to 3-6

2-0

6 to 1-0

1-6

2 8

I-IO

Des. Min.

3 6 to 4-6

2-6

10 to 10

I-IO

2-10

2-0

1 Comfortable

3 6 to 4 6

3 0

1-0 to 1-3

2-0

2 1 0

2-2

* For scaling units for more than 4 persons, round tables are usually recommended; diameter dcprndinK on perimeter necessary to brat rcquiicd number.

96.

'' s

_ J

V f

,.

<

"

X 1 LU B o

BE

N 1 - J 1

TA

B

J

w

i

2 P&gSONS SIDE BY SiDE

Service A and pub.

circ'n Length

Width

Abs. Min.

2-6

3-6

3-0

Des. Min.

3 -0

3 -9

3-3

Comfortable

3 -6

4 - 0

3 -6

Note: This type not ordinarily recommended.

I l l l l l l l ill iliill.Jfc IIIIII III l U l l l l I ,1 u i i I I I I I I i i m i i £}. < ,

w

2 PERSONS FACE TO FACE

Service A and pub.

circ'n

Length

Width

Abs. Min.

2-6 to

3-0

2 - 0

4-10 to

5-6

Des. Min. 3-0 to

4-0

2-2 to

2-6 5-2 to

5-6

Comfortable 3-6 to

5-0

2 - 6

5-8 to

5-10

dimensions in feet and inches

U J I I I I I l OkUM I I I I I I yi ini i r

w

4 PERSONS

S e r v i c e A and pub.

circ'n

Length

Width

Abi. Min.

2-6 to

3-0

3-6

4-10 to

5-6

Des. Min.

3-0 to

4-0 3-9 to

4-0

5-2 to 5-6

Comfortable 3-6 to

5-0 4-0 to

4~;

5-6 to

5-10

SEAT BOOTH FURNITURE HEIGHTS

H

S

T

W

Seat

Splay

Abs. Min.

3-0 to 3-6

1-5 lo 1-5

2-5

1-8 to 2-0

1-4 to 1-5

0 to 0-3

Das. Min.

3 -6

1-5 to 1-6

2-5 to 2-6

2-0 to 2-2

1-5 to 1-6

0-2 to 0-3

Comfortable

4x^

1-6

2 - 6

2-4 to 2-6

1-6 to 1-8

0-31/2 to 0-4

97. /

1 1 1 1 ' 11 ' 1 1 1 1 ^ ' ^ " • ' ! ' ' l ' ' ' l l l ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' l " " " ' " " " " " " l " " f l ' l " " " " " " " .

BACKBAR OR WORK AREA

COUNTERMAN'S AISLE

2

Variations in Shape

A B C

Usual Minimum 2-6 to 3-6 2-6 to 4-6 2-9 to 5-6

::|iiiLfimiifiiiiiiiiiiui^mimiiiViiiii[m,u,.nMtn) ^ 6 .

BACKf * BAR •

COUNTERMANS AISLE

COUNTER N

o o o o ,.B.L CO J

STANDARD (stroight) TYPE

LiJ

Cl <

dimensioni m fa t t and mchai

X No cooking .quipmept X With cooking .quipt. V 1 person Y 2 or more p.rsons Z E Ap

• CC

Abs. Min.

1- 6 2- 0 2- 0 2- 6 1.10

9 3- 6 1- 0 110

Deiirable Min.

2 0 2-6 2-3 29 2 0 1-2 4-6 12 2 0

98.

. .

WALL .::^, ' V " " . T . . . 1 L . . . . . , , I , ^ ^ ^ _^^

BACKBAR

BARTENDERS AISLE

. B , QQOOe

CC

o. <

STRAIGHT TYPE-with or without stools

A p Public a i i la

B Stool to wall

C C Stool, cent, to cent.

E Stool to bar

X Back bar

y Bartender's aisle

Z Bar

Abs . M i n .

3-6 to 4 6

1 0 to 1-6

1-9 to 7-0

9 to 1-0

1-6 to 1-8

2 0 to 2-2

2-3 to 2 6

Des. M i n .

4-0 to 5 0

1-2 to 1 6

2-0

1-0

i-a to 7-0

7-6

?.5 to 2 6

C omf o r t able

4 - t to 6 0

1-4 to 1-6

2-2 to 2 6

l - l to 1-2

2 0 to ?.3

3 0

2 8 to 7 9

i-

C U R V E D T Y P E S : R .d i u , R .hould be at l.a>t 2 I t , ; other dimensions a i for i l r a i gh t types.

Bar l e n g t h : A l low from I ( I , 6 in, to I ( i 10 In. per person i.^r s t j n d u p bars: 2 I t , for c-1 h stool.

Bar d e p t h : N.., ,r,M,;ase in de)_rh is nL-,-,-f,.-t for more lh,-n I i . i r l c n J c r , as encti rn .v should Iju p i o - i d e d will-, Ills o » n :.:< .11, ip , t , , . ,n the ,. -l rounte- or,d I. .1. 1 -bar.

Serv ice b a r s : 71...... 3,,. , , . „ j i i , (:,„-„ t i^ g f, j , , , , ^

for I man •.<.. .,r... Iicrr, 10 to 12 I- ion.j if 2 L,ir t'.-n.jc.is an- r,......i...j (. ,r (.i-al servl tn p . , i i j d i Uo fowl i / i i l , coi inttr i c,^f..ifian) or iU ol^ ar.^ cîjiu^ri l o c a t i o n is i.tl.-n jOj,i,-c-ril I,, i,t-J.r-ri , - r j ,.,-,f, ,.a.t^6

f i cm p. i l rons; ti ..>c.c.r. ad.L- ' l ismq . . i l u f i s.-rT-.ei,r.,,!s cause if I,, \jn s-f in .,,,1.1.,: v i e - . In ihe U'U-r -.r.'..; n ri,(i,.. t j i l f l s in i i l i i I c . i i J , lo d ' . . Our.l .0 (. 31 r ns f r . r i i s landi i i . | o l 1!,,. l o , . is oflL-n o I . ,'.rii. •,.

^7.

99. /

CD

"Ti

(/) •h.

n

¥r H

LEVEL FLOOR

X

CC

o

I 1

CQ CD

HEIGHTS

CO o 3:

CD

ij-8.

DROPPED FLOOR

B

BB

H

K

Ranqe of Dimensions

2 6 to 3- 6

3 0 to 3- 6

7 lo 10

2 4 to 2- 8

X

W o r k

S

Range of Dimensions

1-2 to 1- 3

2 4 to 2- 7

1-6 to 2- 6

B K S X W o r k

Range of Dimeniioni

3 0 to 3- 6

7.4 fo 2 1 0

1-6 to 2- 1

1 2 to 1- 3

2 4 to 2- 8

CD < O

00 CQ

/ CABINET ^ OVER

,SPACE FOR CASH REG.

J

V DC O $:

'

n L

1

[Hn y

CO

!

J

m

" BACK BAR

BAR STOOL

BAR HEIGHTS

^

dimensions in feet and inches

H

RAIL OR STEP

P := 7 to 10

H = 7 to 10 B

BB

C a b ^

S

Worr X

Usual Min,

i_t_ ^

3 5

1 OTT'BTO'" 2 4 ' . 2 ;.

Usua Ma. ,

__ 2 4

l-O":" 1-2

£ 0 1, s"; ^ _ _ 2 7_

\ 2'^

I 7 1 , 1-3

100.

.:=^-

/ / ^ / / ^

1 1 -'' 4

. > /.,..H / P

:î , f 1 1 - I O T O e ±

ul 2 - 1 ;

Iw i -r^

-6"

TO

V) j

..A|«iBH!ili«pr

B A C K - B A R W O R K S P A C E B A R S E C T I O N

2 T A P S = I ' - S " 3 T A P S = 2 ' - 0 '

4 T A P S = 2 ' - 6

P L A N

- 2 ' - 2 ' - 3 ' 0

IJ

0

, g ' - 4 " T O

2 - S "

/ \

! !

O R 6 "

S E C T I O N - B A R a B A C K - B A R

N O T E :

All stock units stiown fit unijer bars in various sizes and combinations, as may be required by design.

B E E R D I S P E N S E R B U I L T - I N T O B A R S E C T I O N

S E L F - C O N T A I N E D B E E R D I S P E N S I N G U N I T

S L I D E C O V E R

, . - s " - 2 ' - 0 " Jf ^ I C E S T O R A G E C A B I N E T

P O R T A B L E C O C K T A I L W A G O N

F R U I T I C E A R

BO

TS

1 !A-i

m i 1

1

,2' - 0 ' - 3 '

C U B E S

0) h 0 ID

-a

+1

b CM

y

A

C E C U L 3 F

•J 1 J

F*- -

J u

>-

o'-z

' J

L)

^^ S E T - U P A N D B O T T L E R A C K S

^2- - O " T 2 ' - R ^ ^

^ ^

nZLD

S A N D W I C H B O A R D

OOI ooj

I

S T E A M T A B L E

nouRi .E

1 ' - 3 " T O ^ r>._/-\ . . '

TI

y. ._ , ..DR'^lfMBOARD I

r r i I. -----

:; ^ O O O O O ^

1 1 I

1

1 • i o • r '

i <\

-^-^ P O R T A B L E ] • - O T T L E . R A C K ^

D E P R E S S E D A R E A A P P R O X . S " * F O R C~;L_ASS ^.VAS.I-ÊF••• >

C O R R U O A T E D f . l l - ITAL T O R N

y - - r / - ,

m B:, - g ^

V-a": J^-o--3;-o"

W O R K B O A R D

U N I T S O F S I N K A W O R K B O A R D S

Antfiony J, Amendola, AIA; Forest Hills, New York

0

- '

L^- lO , .

/

IvIETAL RAILS

•/zn M A S O N R Y S T E P

,4;=!

Vl/OOD STEP

F O O T R A I L S A N D S T E P S

LJ O P T I O N A L ^

.|

?• i f r;

.-S\

[ ^ y

io

0

01

i V - 3 "

"- ',-

sr S T O O L S T H E R E A R E M A N Y S T Y L E S A N D S H A P E S A V A I L A B L E - p "

Cardboard or VVoL,d Cdses; 16" to 19" x 11 " to l a " X 8 " to 10" h..

A 9 i/a"

C H A M P A O N E B U C K E T

A

G S

D

23" 17 14

/ 8 " / 2 "

H

[25"

25" 16 1/2"

B O T T L E S B O T T L E S

>gs, usually aluminum, ill keg tiolds 496 8 oz, issas.

E E R

Small Av'g,

Quart

D

2 3/4" 2 3/4"

3 1/2"

H

6" 9" 9 3/4"

•

Can Sizes: 2 5/8" diameter, 4 3/4" or 6 1/4" high.

Packed also in 6-Pack5.

Wine

Whiskey Gm Champagne 1/5

Brandy (fine champagne) Vermouth — 30 oz,

- 2 5 3/502,

D

3" 3 1 / 2 "

3 1/4"

3 1/2" 3" 3 1/2" 3 1/4" 3"

H

14 1/2" 11 1/2" 11 1/2" 12 3/4" 12-

10 1/2" 12 1/2" 12 1/4"

B O T T L E S

Sizes given are for stri, round bottles. Wine sizes vary wi th type. Size given is usual max. L I Q U O R

Quart Pint-Max. Split

12 oz. Soda

D

3 3,/8"

2 1/2"" 2 1/4"

2 1/2"

H

1 1 "

8" 9 1/2"

D

S B O T T L E

Coca Cola Soda 12 oz. Soda 16 oz. Schweppes

C O N T A I N E R L

7" 8 " 8 "

7 1/2"

w

4 3/4" 5 1/4" 5 1/4"

5"

H

8 " 9 3 /4 "

11 1/4"

8 3 /4"

Can Sizes: 2 5 /8 " diameter 4 3 /4" high, packed in six-packs of 5 1/4" Wide, 8 1/4" long, 5 " high

M I X E S A N D S O F T D R I N K S

CONTAINER S I Z E S

\

V 1

u

r -7

^

y^

u /" \

"-\

>

/

<

\ -\

-<

w - / )

/

J

'~rrz7

; v ^ ^

\

( y-< >

\ -J \

/ • <

-( i M A L L S I Z E F O R P I N T S J A P A C I T Y 14 B O T T L E S P E R S Q . F T .

M E O I U M S I Z E F O R Q U A R T S C A P A C I T Y 9 V a B O T T L E S P E R S Q . F T .

• = ^ . - _ - = . • •

, / - ' " - • •

1 J

Ul

^ in a • —

L A R G E S I Z E F O R C O R D I A L S C A P A C I T Y 6 l/a B O T T L E S P E R S Q . F T .

v I E T A L H O N E Y C O M B B O T T L E S T O R A G E R A C K S

XI [_T

_ r._ .a -.11. n.___:j

L _ u n ,

(oXolf?)

S E C T I O N

/ / O O D B O A R D S H E L V E S

II n ..n_ n. n ,

n . n .-1 II f...

_ri . n _ji_ [I a_

7 B O T T L E S P E R 12 B O T T L E S P E R S Q . F T . - Q U A R T S S Q . F T , - Q U A R T S

.x0(°M

Bottle Size 2 1/2" d. 2 3/4 d. 3 " d. 3 1/2" d.

Nu per

mber sq, ft. 20 18 14 9

These figures also for standing bottles.

l^m)l ^(°xe)-.-.-

S T A C K E D B O T T L E S

II B O T T L E S P E R B B O T T L E S P E R S Q . F T . - Q U A R T 8 S Q . F T . - Q U A R T S

W O O D S L A T S H E L V E S

D t ^

D • = .

<S3

C?

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ LT l_j

• O

n c=i

C3

«:3

S E C T I O N

3 0 T T L E S T O R A G E

11JM I 6 " FOR

a S H

12 % :

lO" FOR C . O . E

I' - 2 " F O R F » I

O ^ . E C T I O N

ro

e.,1 'ect lor 1 duz. glasses on I'-O" shelf ' . • ; •

•

A iCordial R 'r'ncktoil C iWine D IChampag.

E F

i '

Beer Pilsener Highball

H _ Old. Fash. 1 Brandy

Glass d, • ' l 72" -2 - ' ~

2 1 / 2 ' - 3 " 2" - 2 1/2" 3 l / 2 " - 4 "

3 1/2" 3"

2 3/4" 3"

4 " - 5 "

Glass h. 3 l / 2 ' ' - 4 "

2 " - 4 " 5"

5 " - 6 " 5"

"S 1/2" 5 1/2" 3 1/4" 6 " - 8 "

Lin, ft, of shelf 4 " - 5 " 8 " - 1 0 " 5 " - 8 "

I 6 " - 1 9 " 16" 12" 9"

12" 1 9 " - 3 6 "

The above are dvi'fdye sizes and allowances. No standards exist.

J L A S S S T O R A G E

.1 C Mjycr Willian- B. Tdbler, FAIA; New York, New York

C O O L I N G 3 " T O 4 " F I B E R G L A S S OR C O R K C O I L L O C A T E D I N S U L A T I O N A T T O P . E N D S , OR K/IULLIONS

PLAN

DETAIL OF SHELVES AS S H O W N ABOVE

LENGTH AS REQUIRED

WINE B O T T L E STORAGE REFRIGERATOR

C O M P R E S S O R L O C A T E D A T T O P OR S IDE

E X T E R I O R F L O O R D R A I N

S E C T I O N

3 ' T O 4 " I N S U L -A T I O N

WALK -INI BEER C O O L E R

O

5 1 .

CASHIEK'S DISK and COUNTER

« Cithisr't Ai i l .

i „ Public * " Ai . l .

L.nglh

Width

Uiu.l Minimum

2-0 to 2-6

3-6 to 5-0

•4-0 to S-0

2-0 to 2-»

Uu

111

CO

<

^ A8 >

o

W

i< M

" I I I

1:0.

J GATE FLAP DOOR ETC

)

<

n CO

a <

CHECK ROOM

_£

*p

A I

1

C

o

w

Abi. Min.

3-0

2-6

l-C

2-0

1-6

I-IO

D.I. Min.

4-0

2-9

1-6

3-0

1-9

2-0

Com-lort-• bl.

6-0

3-3

1-9

S-0

2-0

2-0

dim*ni)oni in i%tf and inchct

103

LOADS:

Special considerations should be made for structural design incorporating

concepts used for heavy snow loads and earthquake loads. (see appendix for

history of earthquakes in New Mexico)

DESIGN FOR HANDICAPPED:

Special considerations shall be made in regard to design for the

handicapped in this project.

10i|".

OESnSN LOADS—1 a

Snow loads

fo rce w i thou t exceeding the a l lowab le

stresses for the mafer io ls used. Anchors

prov ided to resist over tu rn ing moment may

also be considered os prov id ing resistance

to s l id ing.

Stresses during erection

Provision should be mode for w ind stress

dur ing erec t ion of the bui ld ing or o ther

TablOvM. Local peak external pressure coefficients for roofs

Roof slope 6' R/dges ond eoves Corners

0 ° to 30°

Grea te r than 30°

-2.4

-1.7 (0. 10 • 5.0)

2 .0

' For arched roofx, 6 shall be taken as the angle between Ike horizontal and the tangent to the roof at the springing.

S N O W LOADS

Bosic snow loads to be assumed in the

design of bui ldings or other structures ore

given in Fig. 2, wh ich shows the ground

snow load in pounds per square foot for o

50-year mean recur rence in terva l . A basic

snow load v/ith a 50-year mean recur rence

interval shall be used for al l permanent

structures except those that present an

unusually high degree of hazard to l i fe and

proper ty in case of fa i lu re , in wh ich case

a lOO-yeor mean recur rence intervol shall

be used. For structures having no human

occupants a 25-year mean recur rence inter-

vol may be used. Maps for lOO-yeor and

25-year mean recur rence intervals may be

found in the Standard.

Special snow regions

Special considerat ion shall be given to

regions where no design loads are shown

in Fig, 2 and where unusually high accumu

lations of snow may occur. The var ia t ion

of ground snow loads w i th e levat ion and

exposure is not yet complete ly understood

and local d i f ferences in mounta in regions

ore usually very signi f icant.

Roof snow load

Min imum snow loads for the design of

both ord inary and mul t ip le series roofs,

e i ther Hot, p i tched, or curved, shall be

de termined by mul t ip ly ing the ground snow

load given in Fig. 2 by the oppropr io te

coeff ic ients. The ful l intensity of the roof

snow load shall be appl ied to any one con

t iguous por t ion of the roof area w i th l e r o

load on the remoinder of the area if it

produces a more unfavorob le ef fect than

the fu l l intensity appl ied over the ent i re

roof areo.

Table 15. Internal pressure coefficients for buildings

n

Openings

uniformly

distributed

Openings mainly In:

Windward

wall

Leaword

wall

Side

wall(s)

0 to 0.3

Grea te r than

0.3

C0.3 (0.3 - I - 1.67n) ( - 0 . 3 - n) ( - 0 . 3 - n)

= 0.3 0,8 —0.6 —0.6

• n — ratio of open area to solid area of wall having majority of openings.

Table 16. Net pressure coefficients for flat plates

a

10°

15°

20°

25°

30°

1/5

0.2

0.35

0.5

0.7

0.9

1/3

0.25

0.45

0.6

0.8

1.0

1/2

0.3

0.5

0.75

0.95

1.2

1

0.45

0.68

0.92

1.14

1.32

2

0.55

0.83

1.0

1.1

1.2

3

0.70

0.88

0.96

1.04

1.1

5

0.75

0.83

0.9

0.95

1.0

Table 17. Net pressure coefficients for chimneys and tanks

shape Type of surface

Square (wind normal to a face)

Squore (w ind olong d iagonal)

Hexagonal or octagonal {d.j q > 2.5)

Round {d,:q > 2.5)

Smooth or rough

Smooth or rough

Smooth or rough

Modero te ly smooth*

Rough (d'/d = 0.02)

Very rough (d'/d = 0.08)

h / d

1.3

1.0

1.0

0,5

0,7

0.8

1.4

1.1

1,2

0.6

0.8

1.0

25

2.0

1.5

1.4

0.7

0,9

1,2

h — height of structure in feet: d = di<:meter or least horizontal dimension in feet: d' dciith in feet of protruding elements such as ribs and .tpoilers: q is the effective veloc pressure, in psf, from Tables 8-10.

* = metal, timber, concrete. For slender.itructures such as flagpoles, a minimum net pressure coefficient of 1.2 shall

usedif<i^q<2.5

•ity

be

O

Snow load coefficients

The basic snow lood coeff ic ient shall be

taken as 0.8 and shall be increased or de-

creosed in occordonce w i th the fo l lowing

condi t ions:

1, Decreosed lood due to slide-off of

snow on roofs w i th slopes exceeding 30

degrees

2, Decreased load due to roofs having a

clear exposure in windswept areas

3, Increased load due to nonuni form

accumulat ion on pi tched or curved roofs

4. Increased lood in the valleys fo rmed

by mul t ip le series roofs

5. Increased load due to snow sliding off

sloping roof areas onto adjacent roof areas

6. Increased load on the lower levels of

mul t i leve l roofs and on roof areos adjacent

to project ions such os penthouses, cool ing

towers , and parapet wal ls due to dr i f t ing

snow

For roofs having a c leor exposure to

winds of suff ic ient intensity to remove

snow and having no project ions such as

parapet wal ls , a basic snow load coef

f ic ient of 0.6 may be used. This coef f ic ient

may be appl ied only in those regions where

the resul t ing reduced snow load is equal to

or g reo te r than 12 psf. Roofs shielded on

any side by obstruct ions w i th in a distance

of lOh f rom the bui ld ing (where h is the

height of the obstruct ion above the level

of the roof) shall not be considered to have

a clear exposure.

f

ii

112

•~'^'-v='-^S«*-i''>iffi*^!Si!gsi-;;: r.^^

Values ore based on water equivalent of snow occumulfltion on ground for general elevations such os those near meteorologicol sfations. Any effect for unusual conditions such as for high elevations, dr i f t ing, etc.,must be taken into account by further onalysis,

[ / 115° 110° 105° 100° 95°

9. 2. Snow load in pounds per square foot on the ground, 50-yoar mean recurrence interval

O m to C3

O » S P t/» O I

106o

Earthquake loads

EARTHQUAKE LOADS

lateral forces

Every building or structure and every

portion thereof, ond minor accessory build

ings, shall be designed and constructed to

resist stresses produced by lateral forces.

Stresses shall be calculated as the effect

of 0 force applied horizontally at each

floor or roof level above the foundation.

The force shall be assumed to come from

any horizontal direction. It may be ossumed

that wind and earthquake loads will not occur simultaneously.

The following definitions apply only to the provisions of this section:

A space frame is a three-dimensional structural system composed of interconnected members other than shear or bearing walls and laterally supported so as to function os a complete self-contained unit with or without the aid of horizontal diaphragms or floor bracing systems.

A space frame—vertical load-carrying is

a space frome designed to carry alt vertical loods.

A space frome—moment-res/sting is a vertical load-carrying space frame in which the members and joints are capable of resisting design lateral forces by bending moments and column shears.

A spoce frame—ductile moment-resisting is a moment-resisting space frame in which ductility is provided in the elastic and inelastic range in accordance with estob-' lished criterio. (See Uniform Building Code,

! I

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. .KAUAI /

NllHAU " / _ / ^

/ O A H U ^ MOLOKAI . / ' ; "

HAWAII

2 LANAI " C i N Q " ^ ^

^^KAHOOLAWE-^

© HAWAII \

" l^ \J@

125° 120° 115" 110° 105° 100° 95° 90° 85° 80° 7 5° 70° 65°

' ' ' l i j |i I m. [

I ' l l

!i .]

ii • l i '

Kii,

i

lip'

o

Earthquake rhk lonet

'^^^^_ 114

Earthquake loads

o CO

1970 ed.; Recommended Lateral Force Re

quirements, 1968 rev.. Seismology Com

mittee, Structural Engineers Association of

California; Building Code Requirements for

Reinforced Concrete, ANSI A 8 9 . 1 - 1 9 7 2 ,

ACI 3 1 8 - 7 1 . )

A box system is a structural system with

out a complete vertical load-carrying space

frame. In this system, the required lateral

forces are resisted by shear walls.

A shear wall is o wall designed to resist

lateral forces porollel to the wall . Broced

frames subjected primarily to axial stresses

shall bo considered as shear wolls for the

purpose of this definition.

A total lateral force or shear at the base

of the building (V), assumed to act in the

direction ol eoch of the main axes of the

building, is determined in accordance with

the following formula:

V = ZKCW

whert Z = coefficient determined by the

risk zones shown in Fig, 3. (For

zone 1, Z = 0.25; for zone 2,

Z = 0.50; for zone 3, ' Z ==

1.0)

1^ = coefficient determined by struc-

turol system os shown in Table

18

C = coefficient for base shear

determined with the following

formula;

0.05

(Exception: C = 0.10 for oil

one- and two-story buildings.)

T is the fundamental period of

vibration of the building in

seconds determined by the

following formula:

7- = 0 0 5 h , |

v' 0

h„ = height in feet above the base to

level n (top)

D = dimension of building in feet in

direction parallel to applied

force

(Exception: In o building with

0 moment-resisting spoce frame

which resists 100 per cent of

the required lateral forces and

which is not enclosed or od-

joined by more rigid elements

which prevent it from resisting

'atorol forces, T = 0.10N,

where N = totol number of

stories above grade to height

n.)

W = total dead load (plus 25 per

cent of floor live load in ware

houses)

Lateral force distribution

The total force V shall be distributed in

the height of the structure in the following

Table 18. Horizontal force factor K for buildings or other structures*

Type or arrangement of resisting elements Value of K

All building framing systems except os hereinafter classified.

Buildings with o box system.

1.00

1.33

Buildings with a dual bracing system consisting of o ductile moment-resisting

space frame and shear walls designed in accordance with the following

criteria:

1. The frames and shear walls shall resist the total loterol force in

accordance with their relative rigidities, considering the interaction of rhe

shear walls and fromes.

2. The shear walls acting independently of the ductile moment-resitting

space frome sholl resist the total required lateral force.

3. The ductile moment-resisting space frame shall hove the capacity to

resist not less than 25 per cent of the required lateral force.

0.80

Buildings with a ductile moment-resisting space frame designed to resist the total required lateral force. 0.67

Elevated tanks plus full contents on four or more cross-braced legs ond not supported by o building.

Structures other than buildings.

3.00

2.00

• Where prescribed wind loads produce higher stresses, these loads shall be used in lieu of the loads resulting from earthquake forces.

F, = 0.004V ( > ;

where F; = thot portion of V considered

OS concentrated at the top of

the structure, at the level n.

F( need not exceed 0.15 and

may be considered as 0 for

v o l u e s / ^ N o t 3 or less, and

P _ (V - F,)w^, '^x — n

S w,h, 1 = 1

where x = that level of the building which

is under design consideration and / = 1

designates the first level above the base of

the building. At each level designated as

X, the force Fj. shall be applied over the

orea of the building in accordance with

the moss distribution on that level. (Ex

ception: one- and two-story buildings shall

have uniform distribution.)

Rile foundations ond caisson footings

Individual pile ond coisson footings

shall be interconnected by ties, each of

which con carry a horizontal force equal to

10 per cent of the larger pile cop loading,

Distribution of horizontal shear

Totol shear in any horizontal plane sholl

be distributed to the vorious elements of

the lateral force-resisting system in propor

tion to the rigidities of the horizontal brac

ing system or diaphragm.

Drift

Lateral deflections or drift of a story

relative to its odjocent stories shall be

considered in accordance with accepted

engineering practice.

Horliontal torsional moments

Provisions shall be made for the increase

in shear resulting from the horizontal

torsion due to an eccentricity between the

center of moss and the center of rigidity,

Negotive torsional shears shall be ne

glected. Where the vertical re^sisting ele

ments depend on diaphragm action for

shear distribution at ony level, the shear-

resisting elements sholl be capable of

resisting a torsional moment ossumed to be

equivalent to the story sheor acting with

on eccentricity of not less than 5 per cent

of the maximum building dimension at that

level.

Overturning

Every building or structure shall be

designed to resist the overturning effects

caused by the wind forces and related re

quirements or the earthquake forces spec

ified in this section, whichever governs.

At any level, the incrementol chonges of

the design overturning moment in the V_a

story under consideration shall be dis- * ^

tributed to the various resisting elements

in the some proportion as the distribution

of the sheort in the resisting system. Where

other vertical members ore provided which

are capable of portiolly resisting the over

turning moments, a redistribution may be

mode to these members if framing mem

bers of sufficient strength and stiffness to

tronsmit the required loodt ore provided.

115

I J'

iili'K'7i55i18S-14 Earthquake loads

i:i^

''Il

A\

where a vertical resisting element is discontinuous, the overturning moment corried by the lowest story of that element shall be carried down as loads to the foundation.

Setbacks

Buildings having setbacks wherein the plan dimension of the tower in each direction is at least 75 per cent of the corresponding plan dimension of the lower port may be considered as o uniform building without setbacks for the purpose of determining seismic forces.

For other conditions of setbacks, the tower shall be designed as o separate building using the larger of the seismic coefficients at the base of the tower, determined by considering the tower as either a separate building for its own height pr as part of the over-all structure. The resulting total shear from the tower shall be appliod ot the top of the lower part of the building, v/hich shall be otherwise considered separately for its own height.

Structural systems

Buildings more than 160 ft in height shall have ductile moment-resisting space frames which (including connections) ore capable of resisting not less thon 25 per cent of the required seismic force for the structure as a whole. All buildings designed with a horizontal force factor K of 0.67 or 0.80 shall hove ductile moment-resisting space frames.

Moment-resisting space frames ond ductile moment-resisting space frames may be enclosed or adjoined by more rigid elements, which would tend to prevent the space frame from resisting lateral forces, where it can be shown that the action or failure of the more rigid elements will not impair the vertical and lateral load-resisting ability of the spoce frome.

Building separations: All portions of structures sholl be designed and constructed to act as an integral unit rn resisting horizontal forces unless separated structurally by a distance sufficient to

ovoid contact under deflection from seismic action or wind forces.

Exterior elements: Nonbearing nonshear wall panels or other elements which are attached to or enclose the exterior sholl accommodate movements of the structure resulting from lateral forces or temperature changes. These panels or other elements shall be supported by approved means or by mechanical fasteners as follows:

1. Connections and panel {oints shall allow for a relative movement between stories of not less than two times story drift caused by wind or seismic forces, or '/, in., whichever is greater.

2. Connections shall hove sufficient ductility and rotation capacity so as to preclude fracture or brittle failures at or near connections.

3. Connections to permit movement in the plane of the panel for story drift may be properly designed sliding connections using slotted or oversize holes or moy be connections which permit movement by bending of ductile material.

' » • •

it

mn

m'

o VO

ON

116

UBJ.IUIU l-UH- IHt HANUtCAP'rtu — 1

By HOWARD P. VERMILYA, AIA

Building and Faci l i ty S t a n d a r d s f or P h y s i c a l l y H a n d i capped

If the physically handicapped are to be rehabil i tated, they must be able to move about as freely, and with as little assistance as possible. Fur the r , since useful and gainful employment is an essential pa r t of rehabilitation programs, the buildings in which the handicapped may work should be designed to permit use by them. Recreational and educational buildings as well as other buildings used by the public should have similar provisions. •

The problems of design of buildings are largely concerned with movement or circulation and the use of facilities with ease and safety. The American National Standards Institute has issued ANSI A117.1-19C1, Specifications for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable By, the Physically Handicapped, sponsored by the National Society for Crippled Children and Adults and the President's Committee on Employment of the Physically Handicapped. This standard is comprehensive and includes much of the essential data required by architects to meet the basic needs of the physically handicapped. The following text is based primarily on ANSI A117.1-1961. The drawings are taken from Building Standards of the University of Illinois Rehabilitation Center, Timothy J. Nugent, director.

Wheel Chair Dimensions The wheel chair is the basic vehicle for the non-ambulatory person and establishes the fundamental access and use design requirements . Crutch- or brace-supported semi-ambulatory persons are callable of maneuvering within the l imitations demanded by the wheel chair. The most commonly used type is collapsible, made of tubular metals with upholstered back and seat. 1. WHEEL CHAIR LIMITS (.standard- model, collapsible) a. Length : 42 in. b. Width: open 25 in.; collapsed 11 in. c. Height: seat 19V2 in.; a rmres t 29 in.; pusher handles 36 in. 2. FIXP;D TURNING RADIUS, ivhecl to wheel (i.e., t racking of caster wheels and large wheels when pivoting on a spot) : 18 in. 3 . FIXED TURNING RADIUS, front .structure fo rear structure, measured diagonally from one end of foot platform to opposite r ea r wheel, when pivoted on a spot: 31.5 in. 4. TURNING AND PASSING SPACE a. Area required for 180 degree and 360 degree turns: average 60 in. by 60 in. Rectangular area 63 in. by 56 in. often preferred to square area. b. Minimum corridor width for turning 360 degrees: 54 in. Minimum corridor width for passing of two wheel cha i r s : 60 in. c. The distance between crutch tips at normal gait is: average 5 ft 6 in. person—31 in.; average 6 ft 0 in. person—32.5 in.

FURNITURE

! i- jL

EL EV.%TIOM

I

I 4" Deer' I or? AWE R I

PLAN

L J 'f! b

ELEVATION

WHEEL CHAIR

I 't'V I '<!• 1 12- I

•S-IDE G L e V A T I O K i

Definition of Handicapped The physically handicapped represent one out of seven persons, and where capable of movement may be classified a s : 1. Confined to wheel chairs 2. Walk with difficulty (require braces or crutches) 3. Blind or see with difficulty 4. Deaf or hear poorly 5. Badly coordinated or subject to palsy or 6. Infirm from age.

INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONING IN

Unilateral vertical reach

Horizontal working reach (table)

Bilateral horizonal reach {both arms extended to each side, shoulder high)

Diagonal reach to obiect on wall (height on wall)

WHEEL CHAIR

Average

60 in.

30.8 in.

64.5 in.

48 in.

Range

54-78 in.

28-33.2 in.

54-71 in.

1032

DESIGN FOB THE HANDICAPPED — 2

Design Guides to Permit Use of Wheel Chairs (Exterior)

1. ENTRANCES a. Service either on grade or by ramp with recommended incline. b. Entrance should lead to an elevator in multi-story structures. 2 . ENTRANCE PLATFORMS. S h o u l d be used with each door, extending 5 ft out from and 1 ft each side of door if door swings out, or 3 ft out from door and 5 ft wide if door swings in. 3. WALKS a. Minimum width: 48 in. b. Mn.rimum grade: 5 per cent Note: Level walks at intersections. Avoid abrupt changes in level and surface materials. Avoid long continued grades by

providing level sections at intervals. Bring walk gradually to level of driveways and parking lots. Provide means for blind to recognize intersection of walk with driveway or street (may be done with raised strips in concrete walks). 4. PARKING SPACES {special and identified). Should be 12 ft wide to permit room at side of car for wheel chair access to or from spaces. Should avoid need to pass behind parked cars. 5. RAMPS a. Surface: non-slip. b. Grade: maximum slope 1 in 12, or 8.33 per cent. c. Length: not over 30 ft of continuous slope between level platforms. d. Platforms (level) : should be provided at top, bottom and at

locations where changes in direction occur. Size where doors occur, same as for entrance platforms. In other locations, minimum length 3 ft except at bottom straight clearance shall be 6 ft. e. Guard rails or walls: both sides if ramp is free standing. f. Handrails: minimum, 1 side; preferably on 2 sides. Height: 32 in. (Provide additional rails at lower heights where children will use the facility.)

Extend 1 ft beyond top and bottom of ramp on side of continuing wall or guard rails. g. Width: same as walk or corridor. Where serving as required exit, shall comply with current Life Safety Code of National Fire Protection Association.

RAMPS TOILET COMPARTMENT

ELEVATIOM

•SIWOLe QUN QAMP

^ '•: -Z "«4"cu r?s

BL.EVATIOM

M:TTi |

IT

PLAh4

DOUBLE a U N rtAMP

00

1033

OPSIUN FOFt- THE HANDICARREn — 3

Interior 1. DOORS a. Width: minimum 32 in. opening when door is open. b. Operation: single-effort, (two leaf doors are inoperable by non-ambulatory and semiambulatory persons unless they open with single effort or each leaf provides minimum opening.) c. Door closers: locate so as not to prevent use by disabled. Time-delay type desirable. d. Threshholds: flush or very low. e. Platforms (level): on each side of every door (same dimensions as for entrance platforms). Recess doors equal to width of door when they swing into halls. ' 2. RAMPS: see exterior.

3. STAIRS for use of semi-ambulatory persons. a. Risers: 1 in. maximum height. b. Nosing: avoid projecting nosings (see illustrations). c. Handrail: at least one, 32 in. high, extending 18 in. beyond top and bottom risers. d. Width: minimum 36 in. between handrails; when stairs serve as a required exit, comply with Building Exits Code of National Fire Protection Assoc. Note: Open stairs should provide means of warning blind of their existence. One device is the insertion of slightly raised abrasive strips in floor at approach to stair. 4. ELEVATORS. Essential for multi-story building. Accessible at entrance level and each floor, a. Doors: minimum 32-in.-wide

opening desirable (see wheel chair dimensions if this is not feasible). b. Cab area: minimum 5-ft .square or 63 in. by 56 in. Automatic control panel not over 48 in. high. 5. CORRIDORS a. Width: should be minimum 60 in. b. Doors opening into corridors: should be recessed where the traffic is likely to be heavy or where corridor is used by blind people.

Toilet Rooms, Showers Water Fountains 1. TOILET COMPARTMENT a. Width: 3 ft 0 in. Depth: 4 ft 8 in. minimum, preferably 5 ft 0 in.

SHOWER SEAT

1-^

SHOWER EQUIPMENT

•f T -SHOWER CLif iTAIfs l r70o

M/.MD T e ^ T i N O O U T L E T W I T H .^Pr jAY H E A D

P f V t R - V I O M i R Y V A L V E

P L E X I P L E C U S B E I 3

-4 'O" IJDNG

IVA'O.O. CWrJOMC PL. P i p e r ? A i L

LAVATORY

P L O M 3 I N Q W A L L

0 M

V (fl

•

0-

t -N

" 1

• ^

h • * —

//f r \

i ^2 ,

^ ( * in

111

f L - M O N -,, ^ E A 111 -!.UPC

.SUPPORT B B A C H E T

)

LOA VAC 3 0 Q - r

• ^ I N K E L . E V A T I O K 1

1034 ' i*<f-^tnitr'

IHWH> .

- D E S I G N FOR T H E H A N D I C A f f - t U .

b. Door: 32 in. wide, opening out. c. Handrails: each side, 33 in. high, parallel with floor; strong and .well-supported. 2. WATER CLOSET Seat 20 in. high. Wall-hung type mo.st desirable. If floor supported, under-structure should not interfere with close approach of chair. 3 . LAVATORIES Aprons narrow to permit close approach. Place hot water pipes (or insulate them) so they cannot burn wheel chair occupant, particularly those without sensation. 4. URINALS Wall hung, opening 19 in. above floor; floor mounted, at same level as floor. 5. SHOWERS a. Size: 3 ft by 3 ft. b. Opening : full width.

c. Curb: maximum height, 4 in., preferably lower. d. Seat: folding, along one side, height 1 ft 9 in. e. Handrail; along one side and part of rear wall. Height 3 ft 0 in. f. Testing spray: desirable (using hose attachment). 6. MIRRORS Over lavatories as low as possible, not over 40 in. above floor. 7. TOWEL RACKS, DISPENSERS, SHELVES Not over 40 in. from floor. 8. WATER FOUNTAINS Height (hand operated or hand and foot operated): floor-mounted side fountain, 30 in.; wall-hung basin, 36 in. Recessed not recommended. Alcoves should be wider than wheel chair.

Public Telephones Public telephone booths are not

usable by most disabled persons. Dial and handset should be within reach of person in wheel chair (see illustrations). Confer with local telephone company. Some phones may be especially equipped for those with hearing disabilities (these may be used by all).

Identification for Blind 1. RAISED .LETTERS OR NUMBERS for room identification: place 4 ft 6 in. to 5 ft 6 in. high, to side of door. 2. HAZARDOUS OPENINGS Knurled hardware for door. 3. AUDIBLE SIGNALS To provide warning. 4. FLOORING MATERIALS Can aid in directing and locating blind occupants of buildings.

Identification for Deaf 1. Visible signals as warnings.

TELEPHONE BOOTH STEP RISERS

."-n 1

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I V \ V V v

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N ^

•^TEP-i- WITH NO-VINO

. ^ \ ' W W I \ ' ' v V \ ' s ^ ' ^

P a E P E R R E D

Li iNCLiNEc Ri-veia

HARDWARE IDENTIFICATION

. N '<>^^<^^'ô. |n] llM'V: AMI' ' W M O

P A N I C B A R

KNUQLIMO

V-0 T h e ilriiwinKS w e r e prepared for use by the Univers i ty ot Illinois Re-

* l iabil i lat ion C e n t e r , and to facilitate development of an American

National S t a n d a r d s Institute standard. T h e dimensions shown thus

do not in all cases correspond to those stipulated in the published

ANSI standard A 117.1-1961. In all cases , however , the drawings

de rnons l ru to principles to keep in mind in designinfr facilities tor the

haniHoiippod

R K I O R L I N C J

CON V C N T I O M A L K N O B

o

1035

m r^

^

Kyj^/i ^ . - ^ ^ • - ^

' ^ ' S . r

IVEST

Meehauieal

VENTILATION:

Good ventilation provides clean fresh air at a comfortable temperature

for building occupants. The input and exhaust of air will be sufficient to

remove smoke, odors, moisture, fumes, and grease vapors that offend. Balanced

pressure has to be maintained in kitchen and dining areas so as to reduce

heat loss in winter, and to prevent drafts and a rush of cold air as entrances

are opened. A slightly negative pressure in the kitchen as compared to that

in the dining area/s will help prevent hot and odorous air from flowing from

the kitchen into the dining areas.

The supply of air to the dining area will be 30 cubic feet or more:

at least 50% of this should be fresh air. All will be fresh if recirculated

air is not filtered and deodorized by means of dust filters, deodorizers,

such as actovated carbon or ultraviolet light, and dehumidifying equipment.

11^.

HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING:

All requirements for good ventilation are also required for satisfactory

heating and air conditioning, but, in addition, controlled temperature and

humidity must be provided. Moisture laden air, even though cooled, may feel comfortable

because it has little drying effect. Drying of the air to a relative humidity

of approximately 50% will be desireable. In this area, "air may be cooled by passing

the air through filters laden with cold water, the air picking up the desired

quantity of moisture as it passes through the filters. A room at 65°-70°F.,

when the outside temperature is 90°F., may feel too cool. Usually air at

75°-80°F., on a warm day is comfortable providing the humidity is satisfactory."

Placement of cooler inlets will be such that comfortable temperatures

are maintained throughout. Multiple outlets strategically located to prevent

chilling air flowing on individuals have to be planned. Recirculation of

already cooled air is desirable. The quantity of air that can be recirculated

after cleaning by electronic filters is said to be around 90? with a 10^ fresh

air addition.

115".

i

''Jr

m<^ Codes

NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE

For the purposes of this problem, the requirements set forth in the

National Electric Code are to be followed.

UNIFORM BUILDING CODE

The site of this project is located just east of Albuquerque, New

Mexico, outside the city limits of Albuquerque. It is within the confines

of the Cibola National Forest. For convenience and for the purposes of the

design and construction of this project, the code requirements of the Uniform

Building Code for Broup B Occupanicies, Division 3 will apply.

Section 701. Group B Occupancies shall be:

Division 3• Any assembly building without a stage and having an

occupant load of less than 300 in the building, including such buildings

used for educational purposes less than 12 hours per week or hours

in any one day and not classed as a Group C or Group F, Division 2 63. occupancy.

Section 1101. Group F Occupancies shall be:

Division 2. Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, drinking

and dining establishments having an occupancy of less than 100, printing

plants, municipal police and fire stations, factories and workshops

using materials not highly flamable or combustable, storage and sales

rooms for combustable goods, paint stores without bulk handling.

116.

SUGGESTED FIRE PROTECTIVE REQUIREMENTS

S t r u c t u r a l Members Fire Rating

Walls:

Party walls

Fire walls

Exterior Bearing

Exterior Non-Bearing

Inner Court walls

k- hrs.

14-

3 2

2

Partitions:

Interior Bearing

Interior Non-Bearing 3

1

Column:

Supporting Masonry or Bearing walls

Supporting of Roof only

Other Columns

3 2 2

Girders:

Supporting Masonry or Bearing walls,

-columns, girders, trusses

117.

nfifiim^

Supporting Roofs only i hrs. Other Girders ll

Trusses:

Supporting Masonry or Beating walls, 3 Columns, Girders, Trusses Supporting Roofs only 1 Other Trusses 1|

Beams:

Supporting Masonry or Bearing walls, 3

Columns, Girders, Trusses

Supporting Roofs only 1 Other Beams l|

Floors:

Deck Construction l|

Roofs: Deck Construction 1

tit.

OSHA

OSHA, The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, applies to all

businesses with one or more employees. OSHA's permanent standards have become

effective as of August, 1973.

Employers with eight or more employees must keep detailed records

of job related sicknesses or injuries. An OSHA poster giving this information

must be updated and displayed on the premises.

OSHA has a fixed schedule for on site inspections. These are:

a) on the occasion of an employee's death

b) if five or more employees are injured from the same accident

c) in response to an employees complaint of unsafe conditions

d) certain target industries

e) general inspections

Penalties are provided for violations of the standards. A survey

provided by OSHA shows those sections of the standards most frequently violated,

provides a good guide to watch for in all buildings planned or built.

Section

22 - Walking and working surface - unclean and wet working areas, projecting

nails and splinters. 23 - Guarding floor and wall openings and holes unprotected drops of feet or more,

119.

m

37 - Egress, General - Unmasked, locked, or improperly lighed exits.

106- Flamble and Combustable liquids - improper storage.

107- Spray finishing using flamable materials, failure to post "No Smoking"

signs.

125- Portable ladders - broken or wobbly legs, broken or missing rungs,

133- Eye and face protection - failure to wear protective goggles.

\h7- Sanitation 151- Medical service and first aid - inadequate or missing first aid kits.

157- Portable fire extinguishers - outdated inspections, improper mountings,

inaccessible locations.

212- General requirements for all machines inadequate, point of operation guards,

213- Wood working machinery - unguarded saw blades.

215- Abrasive wheel machinery - improperly adjusted tool rest, missing guards.

2^2- Hand and portable power tools and equipment - failure to ground, missing

guards.

309- National Electric Code - failure to comply with requirements.

120.

iliOIiilMSmiMi

STATE LIQUOR LAWS

"The state of New ivlexico has some very unique and strict liquor laws.

These s tatutes could affect the design of this project in that there are laws

r'egulating the sale, consumption, and transporting of alcoholic beverages to

and from the" premises (see appendix for detailed information).

121_,

-ai»"S5?

E : : ^ . / •*>•

ef ^.

EAGLE'S KTES

^j^r

•-^y •4r,

" • * . • » • > ^

Related Activities

other activities o'ccuring in the general vicinity of the chosen site

include: tourists riding the tramway to view the city of Albuquerque and the

valley and mesas,to the west, snow skiing in the winter months, hiking and

backpacking,' ballooning, and hand gliding.

122.

vmmmmmmMni.

/

^^

i&r^ Footnotes •.K

FOOTNOTES

1 Coffman, James P., "Introduction to Professional Food Service,

Institutions. May 1968, p.12.

2 Llich, John, Restaurant Finance. (New York: Chain Store Age

Books, 1975), p.3.

Îbid., pp. 5-18.

k

Coffman, James P., p.13.

-'interview with Francis Durbin, IO-I3-78.

Coffman, James P., p. 1^.

'Dukas and Landberg, How to Operate a Restaurant (Nev/ York:

Athens Book Co., i960), p.229. Q

Horthrop , S t u a r t A. , e d . , Albuquerque Country. (New Mexico

Geo log ica l S o c i e t y ) , I 9 6 1 ) , p . 6 3 .

123,

^ E l l i s , Robert W., Geology of the Sandia Mountains. (NMSU

Press , 1922), p . 8.

^ ° I b i d . , p . 8 .

^^Horthrop, S tuar t A., p . 6 3 .

^Îbid.

^Îbid.

l^ Ib id

^^ Ib id . , p , 65 .

^ ^ E l l i s , Robert W., p . 1^.

^"Îbid., p .15 .

^Îbid.

l ^ i b i d .

12^,

^°Ibid., p.12,

^Îbid.

^Îbid.

^Îbid.

2Îbid.

Âdler, Joan,, and Atkin, Williajn P., Interiors Book of Restaurants.

(New York: Whitney Library of Design, i960), p.il-2.

^Îbid., p.^8.

27 Ibid., p.^9.

^ H a r o l d D. Huff and Joseph H. Boaz, A r c h i t e c t u r a l Graphic

S t a n d a r d s , (New York: John Smiley and Sons, I n c . , 1970) , p . 2 6 .

^ ^ I b i d .

^ ° I b i d . , P.A32.

125.

^Îbid .

^^Callender, John H., ed. Time Saver Standards for Building Types. (S t . Louis: McGraw Hi l l , 1973)» p.626.

^Îbid.

^^ Ib id . , p .618.

^^ Ib id . , p .619.

^^ Ib id . , p.620.

^ ' ' ib id .

^^ Ib id . , p .621 .

Adler and Barnes, p.6^.

^îbid.

^^Huff and Boaz, p.30.

126,

h

' Ibid.

^3 Callender, p.622.

kk Ibid., p.623.

^%bid., p.62^.

^Îbid., p.625.

''ibid., p.627.

^°Ibid., p.625,

%uff and Boaz, p.i|'3 .

^°Ibid., p.iJ'35.

•'•Callender, p.628.

•'^Callender, John H., ed., Time Saver Standards for Architectural

Design Data. (New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 197^). p.112.

127.

53 Ibid., p.113.

5^ Ibid.

^Îbid.

^Îbid.

^"Îbid.

58 Ibid.

59 Ibid.

Ibid.

p.11^.

p.115.

p.116.

p.1032.

p.1033.

p.103 1-.

p.1035.

^^Coffman, p.28^.

62 Ibid., p.288.

-Ûniform Building Code. Vol. I., (Whittier, Cal.: International

Conference of Building Officials, 1970), p.59.

614' Ibid., p.72,

128,

^

i-

uk

2>*

^ iVEST restaiiraiit-iiiglit elu]

nsl» A i

•iXi-

Appendix

BCONOMIC AND POPUUTION STATISTICS

.J R8

I1lt

Albuquerque — Bernaiilio County

COMPILED iJY:

LOCATION

other Area Markt'i ing Centers

Oen.er, CV)lor,ido

' ' l ioenix, Arizona

El Paso, Texiis

Avei.i!;c i lov. i l io i i 5000

POPULATION

Jim McCormick, Albuquerque

Distance in Miles

444

390

266

EDUCATION

Kindergarten

Elementary

)r. High

Mid High

Hi);h Sdii iol

Pvl.& Parochial

Vo-Tcch

DATE:

No. of Schools

72

0

22

to

23

August 3,

No. of Teachers '

111

1550

929

1040

NA

1977

Grades

K-5

6-8

9-12

1-12

No. Enrolled

. _ 2,279

. 28,782

20,663

. 29,467

6,300

•Mbuquerque roch.-Voc. Institute

County

City

r>li in,i 'r( i f'rcsont P()()ui.tti(!n ; !0

CLIMATE

mi.)

1977 (Est.)

373,900

288,700

405,000

1976 (Prov.)

3i',4,800

281,600

1970

315,774

243,751

I Of,I)

262,199

201,189

( j iaieor rrival

Libraries:

MEDICAL

Hospitals:

Clinics:

Doctors:

Number

Number

Number

8

11

28

821

Total Vo

Beds

Beds

Dentists

340,000

Tcm|>er,!tu'e

Annual

Aver.ige

. 54.9 lanuarv

July

Monthly A\erage

33.2

77,0

Annual Mean Rainfall (inches)

Annual .Mean Snoul. i l l (inches)

Pre\,iiling Winds

COMMUNITY FACILITIES

4.8

0.4

Southeast

N) 274 ^ Churches ( \umher ) : Protestant

Catholic •'5 leuish

Number \U)tels '14

Number tbitels '2

Number Shopping Centers

tian(jiiet F.icililv (Seating Capacity) 3,380"

^ other 7

Total Rooms 8200'

Total Rooms 8200'

40-t-

1917

NA

183

RECREATION FACILITIES (Public)

Skating Rink 3 _

Ball Field 45

Swimming Pool 9

Tennis Court ' 40

Golf Course 6

Amateur Theatre 8

Numberof Parks 1- 7 ôcai 116 ' other H '

Other Recreation Facilities Country Club, auditorium, museums, etc.)

SEE APPENDIX —Pages

Auto Race Track

Bowling

lndo()r \ t;) \ ic

Outdoor Movie

YMCA

YWCA

3

12

28

8

3

2

^-.

file:///umher

P o p u l a t i o n

BERNALILLO COUNTY - 1970 CENSUS DATA

SANDOVAL

-1 0 0

VALENCIA

BOUNDARY SYIVIBOLS Census Tract Boundaries: Boundaries Which Are Not Tracts:

County Corporate Limit Corporate Limit Unincorporated Place

—^^—^^—^— Census County Division Other Tracts

- - - - - - - - - - - - Unincorporated Place ! , , , ° ^ I"""

a:i< "I

BERNALILLO COUNTY

GROWTH: Between 1960 and 1970, Bernalillo County's population increased from 262,199 to 315,774 or 20.4%. Over this same time period, the population of the State of New Mexico has increased by 6.8% and the population of the United States has increased 13.3%. The population growth and projections of growth for Bernalillo County from 1910 to 1990 are illustrated graphically below.

o Sources: U.S. Bureau of Census (1970) •National Planning Association, Regional Economic Projections Series Report No.

68-R-1, Jan. 1969. **U.S. Bureau of Census Population Projections for 1990.

ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO

V 1970 CENSUS TRACTS IIM ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO

(SEE INSET " A " OVER)

VoO


r P O P U L A T I O N C O M P O S I T I O N (Bernal i l lo C o u n t y )

AGE AND SEX: Bernalillo County is predominately youthful. The population under 18 years of age represents 38.3% or 121,197 persons of the total population of 315,774. The largest population increase from 1960 to 1970 took place in the ten to fourteen age group for a gain of approximately 36%. The largest number of inhabitants in any age group is in the ten to fourteen years category. This segment represents 11.6% of Bernalillo County's total population. At the other end of the scale, there are 19,348 persons or 6.3% of the total population 65 years of age or older in Bernalillo County.

Percent of Bernalillo County Population by 5-Year Age Groups and Sex 1 9 4 0 - 1970

Males Females

(-* VJJ

ro

1940 1 Over

1 60 -1 55 -

1 50 -1 45 -

1 40

r 35-1 3 0 -

1 1 20 ,

15 -

rr 10 1 5

1 1 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 l o .

1950 1 Over J

1 60 4 1 55 J

1 50 1 45

1 40

r 1 30

r"

1 1 II 1 I I

20

1 1 10

5 -

1 1 1 1 1 1 l o -

I960 1 Over -

1 60 1 55

1 50 1 45

1 40

r 35-1 X

,1 2 5 -1 20

1 15 -1 10-

1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 TTT-

1970

- p j J 1 1 u : ^ 1 Over

1 60 1 55

1 50 -45 40 35

r 30-1 25-

1 : i : 20 1 1 5 .

1 , 0 -1 5

1 1 L.. 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 -

65- 1 64 1 59 1 54 1 49 1 44 j 39 1 34 ' 1 29 24 19 1 14 1

9 1 4{ 1 1 1 1 1 1 I {

65- 1 64 1 59 1 54 1 49 1 44 1

I I I I !

39 1 34 1 29 1 24 1

19 1 '

' l 9 1 41 1 1 1 1 1 1 l' 1 1 11 1 1 1

65 ' 1 64 1 59 1 54 1 49 1 44 1 39 1 34 i 29 1

'l >• 19 1

- 14

- 9 ^

'—±i 1 1 1 1 I I - 65" 1 - 64 1

59 1 - 54 1

49 - 44 - 39

1 1 II 1 1

34 1 - 29 1

24 1

19 • — ^ — 1 14 ' 1

- 9 l ' - 41 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 'l 1 1 1

% 14 12 10 8 6 4

*Not comparable to other areas

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census (1970)

10 12 14 %


5 Rac ia l Groups

2 . 1 % NEGRO 1.8% INDIAN .9% OTHER

White = 300,783 Negro = 6,689 Indian = 5,839 Other = 2,463

E t h n i c Charac te r i s t i cs

% OF TOTAL POPULATION

39.2% SPANISH HERITAGE

Spanish heritage = 123,814 Al l other = 191,960

.u- ^^''^!l^nT^'' ' " ^^'•"3l'"o County, there are 105,753 males 14 years of age and over and of this group 69,342 or 65.5% are married. Of 115,901 females 14 years of age and older 71 069 or 61.3% are married.

B E R N A L I L L O COUNTY

Male % Female

Total, 14 years and over Single Married Separated Widowed . Divorced

105,753 30,579 69,342

815 2,148 3,684

100 29 65.5

.8 2 3.5

115,901 27,457 71,069

1,658 10,280 7,095

Male

34.5% single

M A R I T A L STATUS, 14 YEARS & OVER

38.7% single

Female

65.5% married

Education

Persons 25 years old and over No school years completed Elementary: 1 to 4 years

5 to 7 years 8 years

High School: 1 to 3 years 4 years

College: 1 to 3 years

4 years or more Percent high school graduates

Poverty Status

Total number of families

Families with income below poverty level * Persons below the poverty level

•Average poverty level for a nonfarm family of four with a male head is $3,745.

Source: U. S. Bureau of Census (1970)

154,860 1,924 5,003 9,805

12,248 23,377 51,875 24,453 26,175

66.2%

77,586 10,124 50,664

%

100 24 61.3

1 9 6

61.3% married

100% 1% 3% 6% 8% 15% 34% 16% 17%

13% of all families 16% of total population


i ECONOMIC DIGEST

(MID-YEAR 1978)

Civilian Labor Force

Unemployment Employment

Total

IMon-Agricultural Wage & Salary

EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS June 1978^ June 1977

1

% Change % of Total (6/78)

11,200 186,300

197,500

16,200 172,400

188,600

-30.9% + 8.1%

+ 4.7%

Contract Construction Manufacturing Transportation & Public Utilities

. Wholesale & Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, &

Real Estate Service & Miscellaneous Government

15,000 17,800 9,900

46,200

10,000 40,000 39,700

12,900 16,400 9,000

46,200

9,400 37,700 37,900

+16.3% + 8.5% +10.0% + 0.0%

+ 6.4% + 6.1% + 4.7

Total 178,600 169,500 + 5.4%

5.7% 94.3%

100.0%

8.4% 10.0% 5.5%

25.8%

5.6% 22.4% 22.2%

100.0%

P Preliminary

1. Albuquerque Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties.

UTILITY CONNECTIONS 1

Electric* Meters

Water'• Meters

53,037 67,586 70,495 74,459 77,993 81,647 86,055 88,689 91,538 94,188

1960 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 (1st Half)

'Residential " T o t a l 1. Albuquerque service area is determined by the particular utility company 2. Fourth quarter data averaged for each year but 1978, 2nd quarter data (averaged)

76,575 90,533 95,202

101,083 106,738 109,742 112,441 115,493 120,294 126,348

Gas Service* Meters

69,186 88,217 91,798 96,063

100,375 104,433 107,369 117,242 111,851 114,309

any. a (averaged).

Telephone^ Stations

108,980 192,791 209,562 226,552 243,565 252,290 263,674 277,288 293,523 131,715

POPULATION

1940 1950 1960 1970 1977

City of Albuquerque

35,449 96,815

201,189 243,751 289,900

% Change

+173.1% +107,8% + 21.2% + 18.9%

Bei-nalillo County

69,391 145,673 262,199 315,774 377,900

% Change

+109.9% + 80.0% + 20.4% + 19.7


SELECTED ALBUQUERQUE

Banking Data Bank Clearings Bank Deposits Bank Loans Bank Assets

Postal Receipts

Multiple Listing Sales Volume Average Selling Price

Building Permits Single Residential Buildings

Value Units

Multi-Residential Buildings Value Units

Public Buildings Commercial Buildings Alteration/Additions

Total Value Number of Permits

Savings & Loan Associations Deposits Loans^ Total Assets

Income^ Total Personal Income (Millions)

Per Capita Income (dollars)

School Enrollment (Fail Semester)^ Universities^ Public/Parochial/Private

1. Mortgage Loans only.

AREA ECONOMIC

First-Half 1978

$32,624,613,932

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,024,925,506 644,388,049

1,200,401,212

9,046,230

183,601,806 47,851

79,474,109 2,078

17,538,679 1,178

1,933,535 17,692,031 17,061,791

133,700,145 4,903

1978

729,100,000 772,658.907 864,200,000

1976 2,353.1 6,062

24,325 84,383

INDICATORS

First-Half 1977

$23,921,277,310

$

$

$

$

$

$

893,543,495 521,244,189

1,023,763,556

8,316,102

140,964,033 40,429

72,017,404 1,908

24,678,917 2,041

3,653,689 13,758,941 16,485,877

127,964,668 4,595

1977

616,000,000 582,700,000 710,600,000

1975 2,090.8 5,425

24,344 88,920

2. Albuquerque Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, Bernalillo & Sandoval Counties. 3. 1978 and 1977 figures, respectively. 4. Estimate • >

Prepared by the Bureau of Business and Economic Researdi, lARS, UNM (July 1978)

% Change

I

+ 36.4% + 14.7 + 23.6% + 17.3%

+ 8.8%

+ 30.3% + 18.4%

+ 10.4% + 8.9%

- 28.9% - 42.3% - 47.1% + 28.6% -(• 3.5%

+ 4.5% + 6.7%

% Change

+ 18.9% + 32.6% + 21.6%

+ 12.6% + 11.7%

.01% - 5.1%


1977 ECONOMIC DIGEST

ON

EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS 1

Civilian Labor Force

Unemployment Employment

T O T A L

Non-Agricultural Wage & Salary

Contract Construction Manufacturing Transportation & Public Util it ies Wholesale & Retail Trade

• Finance, Insurance & Real Estate

Services & Miscelleneous Government

T O T A L

1977

15,000 164,500

179,500

11,300 16,200 9,200

42,800

8,800 38,100 38,100

$164,500

1976

16,800 155,000

161,800

9,800 16,200 8,500

40,400

8,500 35,600 36,400

$155,400

% Change

- 10.7% 6.1%

10.9%

+15.3% 0.0%

+ 8.2% + 5.9%

+ 3.5% + 7.0% + 4.7%

+ 5.9%

% o f 1977 Total

8.4% 91.6%

100.0%

6.9% 9.8% 5.6%

26.0%

5.3% 23.2% 23.2%

100.0%

1. Albuquerque Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, Bernalillo & Sandoval Counties.

Prepared by Bureau of Business and Economic Research, UNM.

UTILITY CONNECTIONS'" (December's Numbers) Electric* Water** Gas Service' Meters Meters Meters

1960 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

Residential * * Total 1 Albuquerque Service Area as determined by the particular ut i l i ty company

Prepared by Bureau of Business and Economic Research, UNM.

68,696 92,606 97,987

104,411 109,103 111,605 113,871 117,445 124,099

53,037 68,673 72,240 76,218 80,076 83,509 87,100 89,956 92,966

70,227 90,340 94,485 98,718

103,247 106,418 110,083 119,706 114,306

Telephone' Stations

108,980 192,791 209,562 226,552 243,565 252,290 263,674 277,288 293,523

1940 1950 1960 1970 1976 1977 P Preliminary

POPULATION City ot

Albuquerque

35,449 96,815

201,189 243,751 284,600 289,900P

% Change f rom Previous Period

— +172.7% + 107.8% + 21.2% + 18.0% + 0.5

Economic Research, UNM.

Bernalillo County

69,391 145,673 262,199 315,774 368,900 375.500P

% Change f rom Previous Period

— + 109.9% + 80.0% + 20.4% + 16.8%

+ 1.8%


EMPLOYMENT

ACTUAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE ALBUQUERQUE SMSA* (Annual Average - 1960 thru 1977)

n

180,000

170,000

160,000

150,000

140,000

130,000

120,000

110,000

100,000

90,000

80,000

— —

—

1 1

1

1 i M /

1 /

/ 1 /

— — —- — — —

'

—-

Year

1960 1961 1962 1963

1964 1965 1966 1967

1968 1969 1970 1971

1972 1973 1974 1975

1976 1977

Annual Average Non-Agricultural Wage & Salary Employment *

81,400 81,300 83,800 88,700

92,300 94,800 98,300

100,000

100,800 106,000 110,600 119,500

131,600 139,900" 144,000R 146,700"

155,500 164,500P

P - Preliminary R- Revised

'SOURCE:

Employment Security Commission of New Mexico.

Does not include official unemployed.


137

•cn

I ECONOMY

1940 1950 1960 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

POPULATION GROWTH

1940 1950 1960 1970 1971 1972 1973 1975 1976 1977P

Bernalillo County

69,391

145,673 262,199 315,774 329,300 339,500 348,900 362,600 368,800P 375,500P

P - Preliminary estimate

Source: U.S. of the Census; search.

1940-1950 1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1977

City of Albuquerque

35,449 96,815

201,189 243,751 253,600 262,800 267,900 279,400 284,600 289,900P

Department of Commerce, Bureau Bureau of Business

% Increase

Bernalillo County

109.9% 80.0% 20.4% 18.9%

& E conomic Re-

City of Albuquerque

173.1% 107.8% 21.2% 18.9%

VALUE OF BUILDING PERMITS (City of Albuquerque)

$ 2,355,930 $ 31,998,119 $ 43,393,171 $104,380,521 $161,223,229 $200,772,147 $172,056,285 $138,110,902 $146,254,037 $179,606,029 $252,026,562

Growth % through 1977

Up 10,598% since 1940 Up 688% since 1950 Up 481% since 1960 Up 141% since 1970

CO

Source: City of Albuquerque, Department of Housing & Development, Building & Inspection Division.

A L B U Q U E R Q U E , N E W M E X I C O

EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME (Bernalillo County)

Per-Capita Total Income

Median Household

Income

1970 $ 990,043,000 $ 3,540 $10,313

1971 $1,072,390,000 $ 3,793 $ 8,170* 1972 $1,250,013,000 $ 4,186 $ 8,598 1973 $1,414,407,000 $ 4,560 $ 9,355 1974 $1,531,590,000 $ 4,967 $10,878 1975 $1,641,697,000 $ 5,414 $11,581 1976 $1,835,103,000 NA $11,989 Source: Sales Management Magazine, "Survey of Buying Power",

appropriate years,- U.S. Department of Commerce. *Drop due to adjustments to 1970 Census data.

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

!

New Ranges

1975 1976 Source

INCOME

Number of Households

96,000 96,500

104,900 111,800 121,600

DISTRIBUTION DATA (Bernalillo County) % Households by Cash Income Groups

$ 0-$2,999

13.9 12.6 11.6 9.9

11.8

$ 0-$7,999

122,500 NA 131,500 NA

Sales Management Magazine,

$3,000-$4,999

13.0 12.0 11.1 9.8 8.6

$8,000 $9,999

9.8 9.4

"Survey of Buy

$5,000-$7,999

25.5 24.1 22.9 20.6 14.7

$10,000 $14,999

22.2 21.3

ing Power"

$8,000-$9,999

15.7 15.4 15.0 14.3 10.4

$15,000 $24,999

$10,000 & Over

31.9 35.9 39.4 45.4 54.5

$25,000 & Over

25.3 10.0 26.1 11.6

appropriate years.

Fiscal 1960 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

Source: S F e r

GROSS

Year

RECEIPTS (SALES) TAX C (City of Albuquerque)

$ 9 280 269 $ 9 815 095 $12 558 767

. . . $14 058 932

. . . $16,880,559

. . . $21 751 767

. . .<R9.?91fi7nfi

tate of New Mexico, Department of inance and Administrative, Local Gov-rnment Division, appropriate annual sport.

)ISTRIBUTED


Up 497% since 1960 Up 207% since 1970 Up 37.5% since 1975

• ' ^ . i ^


r t =

ECONOMY

o

WATER CONNECTIONS (City of Albuquerque System)

1940 . . . . 8,158

1950

1960

1970

1971

1972

1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

25,371

53,037

68,673

72,240

76,218

80,076 83,509 87,100


Up 1,040% since 1940 Up 266% since 1950 Up 75% since 1960 Up 35% since 1970

89,956 92,966

Source: City Water Department, Albuquerque, N. M.


TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS 1940 . . . . 11,701

1950 . . . . 39,640

1960 . . . . 108,980

1970 . . . . 192,791

1971 . . . . 209,562

1972 . . . . 226,552

1973 . . . . 243,565 1974 . . . . 252,290 1975 . . . . 263,674 1976 . . . . 277,288 1977 . . . . 293,523

Source: Mountain Bell Telephone Co. (Fourth Quarter Totals)

Up Up Up Up

2,409% since 1940 640% since 1950 169% since 1960 52% since 1970

1940 . . 1950 . . 1960 . . 1970 . . 1971 . . 1972 . . 1973 . . 1974 . . 1975 . . 1976 . . 1977 . .

Source: U.S

POSTAL RECEIPTS . . $ 398,897 . . $ 1,317,258 . . $ 3,589,199 . . $ 7,600,564 . . $ 8,669,772 . . $ 9,531,143 . . $10,167,024 . . $12,558,007 . . $12,738,390 • . $16,672,621 . . $16,801,270

Post Office Department,


Up 4,112% since 1940 Up 1,175% since 1950 Up 368% since 1960 Up 121% since 1970

Albuquerque, N. M.


E C O I M O A ^ Y

( BANK STATISTICS

(Bernalillo C o u n t y - December 31 , 1977)

Institutions

Albuquerque National Bank First National Bank Bank of New Mexico American Bank of Commerce Fidelity National Bank Rio Grande Valley Bank Citizens Bank Republic Bank Southwestern National Bank Western Bank Plaza Del Sol National Bank El Valle State Bank

Source: [ndividual reports by

Total Resources

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

677,848,000 442,902,000 221,055,000 114,820,000 39,701,000 46,695,000 44,561,000 34,140,000 27,373,000 27,358,000 10,717,000 6,774,000

$1,654,243,000

various 1 janks appearing

Total Deposits Gross

$ 585,588,000 $ 360,318,000 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

197,224,000 103,214,000

36,386,000 41,986,000 40,572,000 31,217,000 25,308,000 24,509,000

9,619,000 6,183,000

$1,425,738,000

in the Journal, quarterly.

Loans Outstanding

$325,746,000 $247,281,000 $111,264,000 $ 68,987,000 $ 22,736,000 $ 29,196,000 $ 32,144,000 $ 23,057,000 $ 11,118,000 $ 17,024,000 $ 6,275,000 $ 3,537,000

$875,629,000

1940 1950 1960 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

BANK RESOURCES (Bernalillo County)

$ 23,109,740

$ 123,531,645

$ 270,554,453

$ 727,462,845

$ 936,531,228

$1,150,410,111

$1,287,637,788 $1,346,530,708 $1,424,075,910 $1,493,050,000 $1,654,243,000



Source: New Mexico Department of Banking

1940

1950

1960

1970

1971

1972

1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

BANK DEPOSITS (Bernalillo County)

$ 21,649,020

$ 114,791,586

$ 245,328,952

$ 642,020,587

$ 814,375,255

$ 994,063,237

$1,107,819,982 $1,143,953,311 $1,226,020,130 $1,307,845,000 $1,425,738,000





BANK CLEARINGS

(Bernalillo County)

1940 . . . . $ 213,499,700

1950

1960

1970

1971

1972.

1973

1974 1975 1976 1977

. $ 1,367,334,267

. $ 3,411,663,682

. $ 9,693,527,573

. $14,852,487,243

. $18,543,837,299

. $26,648,930,900

. $32,139,881,652

. $32,518,785,560


Up 24,328% since 1940 Up 3,714% since 1950 Up 1,429% since 1960 Up 438% since 1970

. $42,053,978,385 . , $52,153,164,517


^3

BANKS AND BRANCH BANKS -(Bernalillo County)

(1967 vs 1977)

Number of Branches

Institution

Albuquerque National Bank

First National Bank . . .

Bank of New Mexico . . .

American Bank of Commerce

Citizens Bank

Fidelity National Bank . .

Western State Bank . . . .

Republic Bank

Rio Grande Valley Bank . .

El Valle State Bank . . . .

Plaza del Sol National Bank

Southwest National Bank

1967

Main office + 8 branches


Main office -i- 9 branches


Main office

Main office

None

None

None

None

None

None

1977

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

office +

office +

office +

office -I-

office -I-

off ice +

office -t-

office -I-

office +

office

office

office

17 branches 16 branches

11 branches 7 branches

2 branches

3 branches

3 branches

2 branches

2 branches

Source: New Mexico Department of Banking.


^ • ^

CITY OF ALBUQUERQUE BUILDING PERMITS

General Total Residential Building Comnnercial

Building Public

Building Alterations &

Additions

Year

1968

1989

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

Value

52,321,236

73,993,538

104,380,521

161,223,229

200,772,147

172,056,285

138,110,902

146,254,037

179,606,029

252,026,562

Permits

Issued

6,117

5,877

6,860

8,793

8,745

6,031

5,341

5,777

7,677

8,634

Single F a m i l y

Va lua

16,447,354

20,734,334

44,456,241

71,889,319

76,591,629

50,956,868

48,049,151

60,227,306

95,899,622

128,458,309

NO.Of

Units

871

997

2,159

3,305

3,438

1,820

1,577

1,580

2,490

3,192

IVIulti-F

Value

8,691,847

6,566,841

16,834,103

45,825,907

58,427,141

28,239,208

11,994,204

8,634,468

19,316,674

50,863,246

j m i l y

No.of

Units

1,086

716

1,566

4,513

5,458

2,344

977

709

1,677

3,768

Value

25,139,201

27,301,175

61,290,344

117,715,226

135,018,770

79,196,076

60,043,355

68,861,774

115,216,296

179,321,555

T o t a l

NQ.Of Units

1,957

1,713

3,725

7,818

8,896

4,164

2,554

2,289

4,167

6,960

Permits 1 ssued

899

1,019

2,215

3,555

3,649

1332

1,687

1,642

2,668

3,696

Permits

Va lue Issued

7,958,898

24,615,432

19,232,837

20,335,776

37,703,390

48,408,841

50,521,051

32,943,005

19,987,255

23,785,052

142

195

153

256

308

268

183

138

173

171

Permits

Value Issued

11,569,252

10,963,279

12,921,041

6,972,865

9,620,582

7,151,644

8,349,054

5,268,185

14,746,373

16,087,293

14

38

25

29

19

29

25

18

14

17

Value

7,653,885

11,113,652

10,936,299

16,199,362

18,429,405

17,299,724

19,197,442

39,181.073

29,656,105

32,832,662

Permits Issued

5,062

4,625

4,467

4,953

4,769

3,802

3,446

3,979

4,822

4,749

SOURCE: City of Albuquerque, Dspurtment of Housing & Development, Division of Building & Inspection .

ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 1^3.

I ; \ /

RETAIL SALES (SOOO's) BY STORE GROUP (1970 - 1976)

ALBUQUERQUE SMSA & NEW MEXICO

Albuquerque SMSA

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

Niw Mexico

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

Total Retail Sales

$ 545,195

597,028

780,719

945,756

1,043,900

1,157,305

1,299,685

$1,518,139

1,622,248

2,039,701

2,463,093

2,800,199

3,119,769

3,524,479

Food

Total

$107,459

110,737

133,852

178,676

170,307

198,002

225,310

$331,559

336,274

389,296

521,348

567,556

662,585

758,555

Supermarkets

$ 94,241

96,042

115,701

166,843

158,359

IMA

209,248

$ 253,704

255,676

300,060

445,375

542,989

NA

724,864

Eating & Drinking

$ 40,866

41,621

59,132

77,026

86,682

98,812

• 102,766

$ 113,665

113,647

152,893

200,377

215,509

246,410

258,926

General Merchandise

Total

$ 109,778

123,675

155,136

178,244

170,912

183,997

202,837

$ 227,284

253,029

305,535

334,964

361,147

390,647

433,950

Dept. Stores

$ 81,888

100,892

128,056

142,720

150,979

NA

184,962

$115,303

136,427

167,892

187,117

211,084

NA

259,513

Apparel & Accessories

S 34,424

35,204

42,737

48,755

41,593

NA

47,076

$ 75,651

76,422

90,862

104,362

134,865

NA

152,598

Furniture^ Furnishings Appliances

Tot,al

$ 26,007

25,868

34,311

48,938

73,951

76,584

88,239

$ 59,200

57,965

75,172

107,980

152,558

159,130

183,703

Home

$ 17,126

17,240

24,782

37,155

53,733

NA

62,594

$ 35,602

35,324

49,768

74,889

102,385

NA

120,310

Automotive

$ 108,033

134,005

191,517

197,258

213,005

237,904

285,556

$295,187

355,773

494,253

511,897

548,471

609,534

733,955

Gas Station

$ 36,506

37,990

51,187

65,469

81,549

NA

96,307

$151,270

153,457

189,477

242,712

288,694

NA

348,001

Building Materials

$ 17,611

19,305

28,083

46,595

77,490

86,210

96,904

$ 78,425

84,028

115,836

146,654

177,316

NA

224,716

Drug

$ 25,862

28,077

32,877

34,308

36,638

37,912

42,451

$ 59,425

63,469

72,537

75,835

88,729

88,567

99,658

N A - N o t Available. Source: Sales Management Magazine, "Survey of Buying Power" (1971-1977).


^^r tS

Ikk.

Trade and Services

Employment in the Trade sector in Bernalillo County continued its growing trend of recent years as the total number of jobs increased by 4. 0 percent during 1977. The overall increase was miainly attributable to the 5. 6 percent increase in wholesale t rade. Retail t rade increased 3. 5 percent over 1976 figures. This increase resulted primarily from a 10.4 percent increase in employment at eating and drinking places; smaller increases were recorded by miscellaneous (2. 5 per cent), auto and service stations (2. 3 percent), apparel and food categories (each registering a 2.0 percent increase), and furniture (0.7 percent). General merchandise and building materials both recorded decreases in employment from 1976 to 1977 of 3. 6 and 0.1 percent, respectively.

49. WAGE WORKERS IN TRADE—BERNALILLO COUNTY* (Covered Employment)'

0\

1967^ Number %

1975^ Number %

1976^ Number %

1977^ Numb er %

TOTAL 23,592 100.0 36,123 100.0 39,928 100.0 41,526 100.0

Wholesale Trade 5,862 24.8 9,4A8 26.2 10,015 25.1 10,577 25.5

Retail Trade 17,730 75.2 26,675 73.8 29,913 74.9 30,949 74.5

Building Materials 883 3.7 1,455 4.0 1,483 3.7 1,481 3.6 General Merchandise 3,556 15.1 3,984 11.0 4,589 11.5 4,425 10.7 Food 2,037 8.6 3,401 9.4 3,557 8.9 3,628 8.7 Auto & Service Stations 2,904 12.3 3,997 11.1 4,234 10.6 4,330 10.4 Apparel 931 3.9 1,483 4.1 1,876 4.7 1,913 4.6 Furniture 919 3.9 1,687 4.7 1,906 4.8 1,919 4.6 Eating S. Drinking Places 4,339 18.4 7,303 20.2 8,617 21.6 9,511 22.9 Miscellaneous 2,161 9.2 3,368 9.3 3,651 9.1 3,742 9.0

* Detail may not add to total because of rounding. 1 Only those employees covered by the State Unemployment Compensation Law. 2 Annual average of quarterly data. 3 Average of last quarter of 1976 and first three quarters of 1977. Source: Employment Security Commission of New Mexico, Quarterly Reports.

The number of wage workers engaged in service activities expanded by 3. 4 percent in 1977 and increased 81.7 percent over the number employed ten years ago. Employment in miscellaneous business services increased by 5. 4 percent as that category, dominated by research and development activities, continued to account for nearly a third of all service workers. Although the medical services division registered a very small increase of 0. 4 percent, 24. 7 percent of the total wage workers in services in Bernalillo County held jobs which were related to medical services. Miscellaneous repair experienced the largest percentage increase at 9.4 percent, followed closely by auto repair at 9.1 percent.

ALBUQUERQUE / 49

50. WAGE WORKERS IN SERVICES—BERNALILLO COUNTY* (Covered Employment)^

TOTAL

Lodging Personal Services Misc. Business Services'* Auto Repair Miscellaneous Repair Motion Pictures Amusements Medical Services Legal Services Education (Private)^ Social Services Nonprofit Organizations* Miscellaneous

1967' 1975' 1976' 1977^ Number

18,416

1,342 1,923 9,520 700 281 312 564

1,665 343 408 na 420 939

%

100.0

7.3 10.4 51.7 3.8 1.5 1.7 3.1 9.0 1.9 2.2 na 2.3 5.1

Number

30,191

2,336 1,946 9,590 1,329 493 366 870

7,420 891 726

1,153 1,089 1,983

%

100.0

7.7 6.4 31.8 4.4 1.6 1.2 2.9

24.6 3.0 2.4 3.8 3.6 6.6

Number

32,354

2,470 1,864 10,268 1,455 508 355 915

8,236 1,011 753

1,292 1,101 2,128

%

100.0

7.6 5.8

31.7 4.5 1.6 1.1 2.8

25.5 3.1 2.3 4.0 3.4 6.6

Number

33,469

2,435 1,902 10,827 1,587 556 369 970

8,266 1,066 741

1,372 1,085 2,295

%

100.0

7.3 5.7

32.3 4.7 1.7 1.1 2.9 24.7 3.2 2.2 4.1 3.2 6.9

* Detail may not add to total because of rounding. na Not available. 1 Only those employees covered by the State Unemployment Compensation Law. 2 Annual average of quarterly data. 3 Average of last quarter of 1976 and first three quarters of 1977. 4 Research and development activity classified as Misc. Business Services. 5 Change in coverage in 1972. 6 Includes museums, art and zoo employment; change in coverage in 1972. Source: Employment Security Commission of New Mexico, quarterly reports.

OS

There were 168 fewer conventions in Albuquerque in 1977 than in 1976, a decline of 23. 5 percent. The number of delegates decreased 10. 0 percent, but the estimated money spent increased 8. 6 percent. This can be attributed largely to an increase in the average duration of conventions compared to previous years .

There were 548 conventions in both 1977 and 1974, but 1977 showed a 21. 6 percent increase in delegates and a 36. 3 percent r i se in estimated dollar value, compared to 1974.

SO / ALBUQUERQUE

51. CONVENTIONS—ALBUQUERQUE

Year

1970 1971 197.? 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

Total Number

626 510 517 576 548 582 716 548

Number of

Delegates

106,422 99,767 97,085 116,836 117,941 131,548 159,463 143,472

1 Value estimated at $40 per delegate per day. Source: Greater Albuquerque Chamber of Commerce.

Estimated Value

^ (000s)^

$ 8,887.4 9,959.6 10,496.6 12,354.8 13,822.6 14,149.7 17,358.7 18,844.3

Inflation, population growth, and increases in real income in the Albuquerque area have resulted in a 46. 6 percent growth in retail sales in the four-year period between 1972 and 1976. Furniture and household appliances registered a high rate of growth, 76. 4 percent, during that period. Lumber, building materials and hardware sales also grew substantially (75. 4 percent). The only categories that grew at rates significantly below the average were apparel (16.6 percent), and drug (22.3 percent).

52. RETAIL SALES—ALBUQUERQUE SMSA' (in thousands)

1966 1972 TOTAL

Food Eating & Drinking Places General Merchandise Apparel Furni ture—Household Appliances Automotive Gas Stations Lumber, Building Material & Hardware Drug Other

$471,449

$ 86,957 38,820 66,316 30,229 26,907

113,433 33,582 21,108 21,701 32,396

$886,851

$156,757 67,637 141,058 40,358 50,017 202,037 65,663 55,237 34,697 73,390

$1,299,685

$ 225,310 102,766 202,837 47,076 88,239 285,556 96,307 96,904 42,451 112,239

1 Albuquerque SMSA includes Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties. Source: Sales Management, Survey of Buying Power, copyrighted,

Further reproduction is forbidden.

ALBUQUERQUE / 51

Although new car sales increased by 6, 3 percent in 1977, the total number of cars sold remains well below the levels of the early 1970s when the number of sales approached 20,000 (1972). The 57. 0 percent drop in 1975 sales, the 13. 9 per cent increase in 1976, and current figures make it difficult to predict future trends.

Both the Albuquerque Journal and Tribune experienced declines in circulation levels for the first time in several years ; the Tribune being hit the hardest with a 2.1 percent decrease. The number of TV and radio stations has remained substantially unchanged since the early 1970s, AM radio stations having the largest increase.

53. SELECTED SERVICE DATA—ALBUQUERQUE AREA

Number of New Cars Sold Newspaper Circulation (daily)

Journal (morning) Tribune (evening)

Number of TV Stations Number of AM Radio Stations Number of FM Radio Stations

1967

62,766 33,275

4 9 6

1974

16,000

74,081 37,306

4 11 7

1975

6,887

75,650 37,541

4 11 8

1976

7,846

76,490 37,914

4 12

1977

8,339

76,289 37,111

5 13

na Not available.

Source: R.L. Polk National Vehicle Registration Service; Albuquerque Publishing Company Circulation Department; KOB-AM/FM/TV.

Government

Civilian government employment in the Albuquerque SMSA increased by 4 4 percent, or 1, 600 workers, in 1977. The number of state and local employees increased substantially, whereas the number of federal workers remained constant The number of state government employees rose 7. 8 percent, from 9, 000 to 9 700 in 1977. Local government added 900 employees to their payrolls for a 5.8 percent r i se .

During the last 10 years , civiliangovernment employment in the metropolitan area has grown 50. 8 percent. Employment by the state government has grown by

•- 4, 600 workers, or 90. 2 percent. Local governments have added 7, 200 employees, 00 a 77.4 percent increase in the decade. The numberof federal employees has grown

by only 1, 000 during the ten-year period, an increase of 9. 3 percent.

52 / ALBUQUERQUE

Trade and Services

The trade sector of the New Mexico economy again experienced an Increase in total employment as 5, 000 more employees were added last year, resulting in a 5. 5 percent r ise above the 1976 employment level. This increased employment r e flects the continued growth of the state 's wholesale and retail trade sectors as more employees are hired to meet the demand for various retail goods.

Employment in wholesale trade registered a 6, 8 percent increase in 1977, while retail trade employment grew by 3, 900 or 5, 4 percent during the year. As was true ten years earl ier , total employment in retail trade accounted for 80. 3 percent of New Mexico's wage workers in trade in 1977. Eating and drinking e s tablishments were primarily responsible for the r ise in total employment last year, adding 2,100 more workers, a 10,0 percent increase over the number employed in 1976.

20.

TOTAL TRADE

\ iniolesale Trade

Retail Trade Retail Food Automotive Eating & Drinking Places Other Retail General Merchandise Other Retail

WAGE WO

1967 Number

56,900

11,200

45,700 5,900 9,000 11,700 19,200 7,000 12,200

RKERS j

%

100.0

19.7

80.3 10.4 15.8 20.6 33.7 12.3 21.4

[N TRADE--NEW MEXICO*

1975 Number

83,600

16,800

66,800 9,500

11,900 18,500 27,000 9,300 17,700

%

100.0

20.1

79.9 11.4 14.2 22.1 32.3 11.1 21.2

1976 Number

90,400

17,600

72,700 10,000 12,600 21,000 29,200 10,100 19,100

%

100.0

19.5

80.4 11.1 13.9 23.2 32.3 11.2 21.1

1977 Number

95,400

18,800

76,600 10,500 12,800 23,100 30,200 10,100 20,100

%

100.0

19.7

80.3 11.0 13.4 24.2 31.7 10.6 21.1

-p-\o * Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Employment Security Commission of New Mexico.

NLW MEXICO / 21

tr- =

file:///iniolesale

The number of wage workers in service activities in New Mexico steadily increased (78. 7 percent) over the decade 1967-77. This was not unexpected as the New Mexico economy is largely government, service and trade oriented. During 1977, service workers , as a whole, increased 4. 2 percent, with miscellaneous repai rs (11. 0 percent), amusements (8. 3 percent), and auto repai rs (7. 9 percent) showing the greatest improvements. The only decrease was in private education (-1.8 percent). As has been the case for the past three years , medical services and miscellaneous business services were the two largest categories making up the Service sector of covered employment.

21. WAGE WORKERS IN SERVICES—NEW MEXICO* (Covered Employment)^

1967' 1975' 1976' 1977^

O

TOTAL

Lodging Personal Services Misc. Business Services'* Auto Repair Miscellaneous Repair Motion Pictures Amusements Medical Services Legal Services Education (private) Social Services Membership Organizations Miscellaneous

Number

37,680

5,066 4,733 14,917 1,404 712 889

1,587 3,453 718 493 na

1,998 1,713

%

100.0

13.4 12.6 39.6 3.7 1.9 2.4 4.2 9.2 1.9 1.3 na 5.3 4.5

Number

60,305

8,344 4,264 13,352 2,342 1,193 933

2,962 14,875 1,573 1,205 2,244 3,574 3,444

%

100.0

13.8 7.1 22.1 3.9 2.0 1.5 4.9 24.7 2.6 2.0 3.7 5.9 5.7

Number

64,607

8,855 4,258 14,273 2,644 1,238 921

3,114 16,231 1,748 1,253 2,530 3,761 3,782

%

100.0

13.7 6.6 22,1 4.1 1.9 1.4 4.8 25.1 2.7 1.9 3.9 5.8 5.9

Number

67,320

9,002 4,314 15,083 2,852 1,374 949

3,374 16,583 1,851 1,230 2,658 4,034 4,018

%

100.0

13.4 6.4 22.4 4.2 2.0 1.4 5.0 24.6 2.7 1.8 3.9 6.0 6.0

* Detail may not add to total because of rounding, na Not available. 1 Only those employees covered by the State Unemployment Compensation Law. 2 Annual average of quarterly data. 3 Average of last quarter of 1976 and first three quarters of 1977; preliminary. 4 Research and development activity classified as Misc. Business Services. 5 Change of coverage in 1972. 6 Includes museums, art, and zoo employment; change of coverage in 1972. Source: Employment Security Commission of New Mexico, quarterly reports.

22 / NEW NEXICO

f *f

Ik

Retail sales volume in New Mexico totaled more than $3, 5 billion in 1976, having grown from $2, 3 billion in 1972, indicating an increase of 53, 2 percent. Although part of this growth can be attributed to inflation, increases in population and income have certainly contributed to growing retail sales in the state.

Every category of the retail sales industry registered an increase in business volume during the period from 1972 to 1976, The Food and Automotive sectors , traditionally the largest areas in the state 's retail trade, together comprised 42. 3 percent of the entire 1976 retai l sales volume in New Mexico. The food industry shov/ ed a 60. 9 percent increase in sales volume between 1972 and 1976, while automotive establishments recorded a 43, 6 percent r ise during the same period. Fur niture and household appliance sales continued their recent trend of rapid advances, recording a 75, 8 percent increase in sales volume from 1972 to 1976. Lumber, building material and hardware sales also reported a large increase, as did the gas stations and general merchandise categories.

VJ\

22. RETAIL SALES—NEW MEXICO (in thousands)

1966 1972 1976

TOTAL

Food Eating & Drinking Places (.ieneral Merchandise Apparel Furniture—Household Appliances Automotive Gas Stations Lumber, Building Material & Hardware Drug Other

$1

$

,356,420

282,973 106,498 169,437 71,463 59,024 295,687 129,076 82,716 51,895 107,651

$2

$

,300,272

471,323 171,540 283,697 106,919 104,523 511,003 227,498 142,195 76,508

205,066

' $3

$

,524,479

758,555 258,926 433,950 152,598 183,703 733,955 348,001 224,716 99,658 330,417

Source: Sales Mar,age~er.t, Survey of Buying Power, copyrighted, forbidden.

Further reproduction is

NEW MEXICO / 23

0 \ ^ 3

T''^"'^.'^^"'^ significant changes in annual numbers of visitors to New M^vi

P e c L f Wh + ' 9! i u ^^^^^^sed interest in other wilderness areas (such as ThPtnt ; i ! . ' however, registered an increase in the number of visTtors

wa : do^ r r t l ° ; e r T e n t % n 19?^ 'tT'^'' ' ' T ' ' ^ ^^^^^ ^^' Nat iona l l lume^nts auuui o percent m i\^ n, as compared with 1976,

23. VISITS TO NATIONAL PARKS AND MONUMENTS—NEW MEXICO

i ^ ^ ^ 1975 1976 1977 TOTAL 1 . . , ,cn ii - r 1 K . . 1.61A.250 1,927,580 2,077,730 1.973 370 Carlsbad Caverns 610 77n -70 «o„ J-. /J.J/u White Sands IH'I^ 89,980 876,490 862,790 Bandelier . ig^'^J^ 56J.080 575,210 622,330 Others ?7T Q;n 248,460 283,280 136 430

^73,940 325 QAn Q/o TC/A J--)O,'4JU J^3,uou 342,750 351,820

Source: National Park Service.

Government

Employment in the Government sector registered a ? Qrôr,. + • • ^ m . an increase of 3, 600 employees State PHHTO.!? Percent gain in 1977, of the 3,600 added employees while mm ^ ^ ^ go^êmments accounted for 2, 600 tion of the rest of the g a ^ r F e d e L r c i v n T a n ^ / ' T accounted for a major por-representing a 0, 6 percent ' r ise over t h r . n "^P^^.^^^"* increased by only 200, tary employment scored the ^ ^ 1 7 . ^°^^^«P°^dmg 1976 figure. Federal mil i -groups, i n c ' r ' a l g ? ; 5 3 p e - e n f " " T Z T ' ^ ' T ' ' ^ ''' government employment local government emolovrnpnt T \ ! """^ ^'^^^^^ percentage gain came in

g ernment employment, which rose 4, 0 percent between 1976 and 1977,

their payrolls' b r 2 r 8 0 0 ; o r T 5 r 7 ' ' ' ' ' * % ' " ' ' °^^^ governments have increased ment L p l o y L n t has risen frn^!'.i T ""'^' '^^"' ' ' ^^^"^ °^ *^^ totalgovern-riod. In contrast the fedVr.l ' ' ' ' ' ' ^ ' ' * *° ' ° ' ' P^^"^"* ^^^^'^g ^^^ ^^^^ P^"

e n i p l o y e e s ^ r c : ^ l 9 6 ; ' \ ' n 1 n T r l f r o T 5 T p l r t n r '^ ' '^ '^^ '^^ ^^ '^^ °"^^ ^' ^°° 24 / NEW MEXICO

EARTHQUAKE RESSAUCH-

PC / <r c^ c^ E o t t j ' L SOCIETY «• T W ^ c C> r-J 1= E R E r-J t E 1 i 1

EARTHQUAKES OF CENTRAL NEW MEXICO STUART A. NORTHROP

University of New Mexico

After experiencing several earthquakes in Albuquerque in 1930 and 1 9 3 1 , and especially the Belen swarm of 1935-36, I became interested and in 1 9 4 1 , as State Collaborator for New Mexico, Seismological Field Survey, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, I began to part ic ipate in gather ing noninstrumental informat ion by the questionnaire-card method. (New Mexico did not have a seismological station until 1959.)

A study of avai lable in format ion, chief ly old newspaper fi les, shows that more than 600 earthquakes have been defini tely felt in New Mexico between 1855 and the present. For several years it was thought that the earliest quake was one in 1868, but the diary of a soldier stat ioned at Socorro refers to one there in 1855 (apparent ly the earliest in the Rocky Mountain region except for one recorded in Montana by- the Lewis and Clark expedit ion in 1 8 0 5 ) .

About 95 percent of the State's quakes have or ig inated in a narrow belt a long the Rio Grande depression between Socorro and Albuquerque; the majority of these have been concentrated in the southern part of the belt between Belen and Socorro. Shocks have been felt in the Socorro-Albuquerque belt in at least 30 dif ferent years from 1855 to the present. About half of the 600 shocks were recorded vaguely, the other hal f more def ini tely. There have been several of intensity VII to VIII on the Rossi-Forel scale. This scale, ranging from I ( least) to X (greatest ) , has been replaced in this country by the Modi f ied Mercal l i Intensity (Damage) Scale of 1 9 3 1 , ' which ranges from I ( least) to XII (greatest ) .

Notab le features of the Rio Grande earthquakes include: ( 1 ) occurrence in swarms (dai ly for 3 weeks in 1935, almost dai ly for 3 months in 1893, almost dai ly for 6 months in 1 9 0 6 ) ; (2) maximum nocturnal frequency (more people notice them whi le in b e d ) ; (3) maximum annual frequency (82 percent) in the July-December period ; (4) numerous strong to moderately strong shocks; (5) general ly small areas affected by most of the shocks al though a few extended beyond the State's borders; and (6) occasional property damage, but no loss of l i fe.

In connection with items 2 and 3, it may be noted that, according to Davison's hypothesis, in continental interiors there is a nocturnal maximum along with a winter maximum and shocks tend to be of moderate intensity, whereas a long continental borders there is a day-t ime maximum along with a summer maximum and shocks are often of destructive intensity. A long the Rio Grande the maximum monthly frequency is in July, but December ranks second, and September, third.

It is interesting, but perhaps not significant, that our maximum seismicity in July coincides with maximum preci-

' Used in the quarterly "Abstracts of Earthquake Reports y ^ for the Pacific Coast and the Western Mountain Region," VoJ issued by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.

p i ta t ion. Furthermore, the maximum seismicity of the last six months of the year coincides wi th maximum precipitation during these same months (amount ing to about two-thirds of the annual amount at Socorro). A further curious fact is that the 1906 swarm of quakes was preceded in 1905 by the heaviest annual precipi tat ion (22 inches) recorded in half a century for Socorro. I am not much impressed by these coincidences, for, as G. K. Gilbert astutely remarked long ago, many attempts at work ing out the periodicity of earthquakes are apparent ly successful because the great frequency of earthquakes on this planet furnishes examples for almost any time-system postulated.

Many of our shocks have been felt over small areas, ranging from less than 3,000 to about 7,000 square miles. Some have been felt over much larger areas. For example, one shock of the 1906 series was felt over an area of 75,000 square miles; another, over 95,000 square miles; and one over 180,000 square mi les—from Raton, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, and Douglas, Ar izona.

Property damage has occasionally been fair ly heavy. Practically al l the towns, vi l lages, and farms are located on the f loodp la in of the Rio Grande and alluvium enhances the ampli tude of mot ion. Also, the widespread use of adobe-brick construction accounts for much of the damage to buildings. An adobe bui ld ing, of course, like one of brick, t i le, or block, does not have the resilience of, and is not as earthquake-resistive as, a wood- f rame or reinforced concrete bui ld ing.

In the past, a number of explanations for the Rio Grande quakes have been offered by laymen, journalists, mining engineers, mathematicians, and even a few geologists. The quakes have been attr ibuted to landslides in the mountains to the east or west of the val ley; to faul t ing of bedrock in these mountains; to volcanic activity (fears have been expressed on several occasions that volcanoes near Socorro and those near Albuquerque might come fo life and start spurting lava a g a i n ) . In 1906 the opinion was held by some that the Socorro series was caused by the San Francisco quake. And in 1931 a journalist thought one of the Albuquerque quakes was " the tail end of a shock" registered by instruments and known to have or i ginated several thousand miles away in the Pacific. Apparent ly, no one ever considered the possibility that some of the earthquakes might be or ig inat ing in the Rio Grande val ley itself, that is, beneath the f l oodp la in . Slow dri f ting, perhaps lateral ly in the bedrock beneath the val ley f i l l at depths of several miles, may be in progress; occasionally a slight slip along a faul t may occur, fo l lowed by elastic rebound to a position of no strain.

Earthquakes have been fel t in Albuquerque on at least 26 dif ferent days in 1 1 dif ferent years from 1893 to 1956. Some of these originated near Socorro; some were near Belen; one was at Cerril los; two were in the Sandia Mountains. But thirteen of them apparent ly or iginated beneath Albuquerque.

i v T E W M E X I C C3 G E O L O G I C A L S O C I E T Y •» T W E L F T H F l E L D C O N F E R E N C E 1 5 3

EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH AT NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY

A. R. SANFORD and C. R. HOLMES

New Mexico Institute of Min ing and Technology

INTRODUCTION The Rio Grande val ley between Socorro and A lbu

querque is historically the region of highest seismicity in New Mexico. Numerous earthquakes have been fel t a long the val ley, part icular ly at Socorro and Albuquerque. Prior to 1959, however, no serious instrumental studies of ear thquakes in this region had been at tempted. In the fa l l of 1959, Carnegie Institution, Wash ing ton, D. C , loaned New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology a h igh-magnif icat ion seismograph. During a tr ial period of 650 hours of operat ion, 49 very small earthquakes were recorded. Eighty percent of these shocks or ig inated wi th in 10 miles of Socorro.

The large number of quakes recorded indicated that high-magnif icat ion instruments could give a large amount of informat ion on earthquakes in New Mexico, particularly those quakes or ig inat ing near Socorro. In the summer of 1960, two high-magnif icat ion seismographs were permanently instal led in two abandoned mines located two miles west of the main NMIMT campus. These instruments have been in nearly constant operat ion since that t ime.

INSTRUMENTATION The two seismographs being used for earthquake

studies at NMIMT are: (1 ) a single-channel seismograph recording continuously at a slow rate (3.5 mm/sec) , and (2 ) a three-channel seismograph recording intermittently at a high rote (30 mm/sec and 60 mm/sec) . The seismograph used for continuous recording consists of a vert ical transducer (Wi l lmore seismometer with natural f requency of 1 cps) , a high-gain transistor amplif ier, and a drum recorder with pen and ink registration. The magnif ication of this instrument is about eight mil l ion at a f requency of 20 cps.

The three-channel seismograph used for high resolution recording consists of three transducers (Wi l lmore seismometers), three high-gain amplif iers, and a high-speed (30 or 60 mm/sec) strip chart recorder with pen and ink registration. The magnif icat ion of this instrument is variable with a maximum of about ten mill ion at a frequency of 20 cps. An example of a three-component seismogram for this instrument is shown in Figure 1 .

EARTHQUAKE STATISTICS Most of the earthquake research at NMIMT has been

concentrated on the shocks or ig inat ing wi th in 10 miles of Socorro. The number of quakes wi th epicenters near Socorro is impressive. In the period from September 15, 1960 to March 20, 1961 , 207 of these quakes (wi th S-phase peak to peak ampli tude exceeding 8 mm on the twenty-four hour records) were recorded. Fifty percent of these events occurred within the month of October, 1960. Three of the quakes recorded in the six-month period were suffi-

Vsrticol

3.6uv/mm

N-S Horizontal

3fluv/rmi

E-W Horizontal

Omn

3i9uv/mm I——One Secood-

r\r-\r^'-^~v-\r\j~\r-\j-\r-u- ^ September 16, I960 03:20 MST

Figure 1 . Three-component seismogram for an earthquake wi th an epicenter f ive miles southwest of the NMIMT recording stat ion. The energy release for this quake is about 100 mil l ion ergs and the magnitude about negative 2 on the Richter scale.

ciently strong to be fe l t in Socorro: October 25, 1960, 12:21 MST, intensity III (modi f ied Mercal l i Intensity Scale) ; December 19, 1960, 16:28 MST, intensity IV-V; and January 27, 1961 , 23:33 MST, intensity l l l - IV.

High-speed (30 mm/sec and 60 mm/sec) three-component and tr ipart i te recording on the three-channel seismograph has shown that ninety percent of the close quakes, including the three fel t in Socorro, or iginated in a 50-square-mile area southwest of Socorro. This area is port of the narrow elevated faul t block which borders the western margin of the Rio Grande val ley at Socorro. Preliminary work wi th the high resolution records also ind i cates that these quakes had abnormal ly shal low foci . Depths of focus for nine quakes ranged from 9,000 to 20,000 feet and averaged 12,000 feet.

No lower limit to the magnitude of an earthquake has been defected in the recording to date. The number of earthquakes increases regular ly with decreasing energy release down to the limit of recognition of earthquakes on the seismograms. For each one-tenth reduction in energy release, the number of quakes increases by a factor of about f ive. The energy release for the smallest quakes recorded is less than 10 mill ion ergs which corresponds to a quake of negative 2.9 magnitude on the Richter Magn i tude Scale.

Areas with the same degree of seismic activity as Socorro may exist elsewhere between Socorro and A lbuquerque. The large number of shocks that or iginated from the southeast end of the Ladron Mountains in July and August of 1960 (Sanford and Holmes, 1961) suggests that other active areas do exist.

REFERENCE Sanford, A. R., and Holmes, C. R., 1961, Note on the July 1960 earth-

quokes in central New Mexico: Seismol. Soc. America Bull.,v. 5 1 , p. 311-314.

-o-

>'rni:rK9R*rrtsej£0

E X I <: O G E O L O G I C A L SOCIETY T W E L F T H F I E L D C O N F E R E N C E

1893, Apr i l

July

1906, July

12.

16.

LIST OF EARTHQUAKES FELT IN OR NEAR ALBUQUERQUE (Rossi-Forel Intensity Scale)

8. A Belen shock (intensity VII) was felt in Albuquerque.

Three shocks at Albuquerque, one of Intensity VI .

A Socorro shock (VIII at Socorro?) was felt here.

Another Socorro shock (VII to VHP) fe l t here.

Severe shock of shal low focus at Cerrillos (possibly VIII to iX there) was fel t here ( I V ) .

Slight. About V I . Slight.

Nov. 15.

1918, May 28.

23. 3. 4.

1930, Mar Dec Dec,

1 9 3 1 , Jan. 27 Feb. 3 Feb.

1935, Dec.

V. 4. VI to VII .

12 to 1936, Jan. 4. The Belen swarm, wi th 81 shocks on 24 dif ferent days at or near Belen. O f these, seven were felt at Albuquerque, as fo l lows:

Dec. 17 Dec. 28 Dec. 18 Dec. 30—most severe

one fe l t here Dec. 19 Jan. 4 (1936) Dec. 21

1936, Sept. 9.

Sept. 11 .

1938, Apr i l 15.

Apr i l 16.

1947, Nov. 6.

1954, Nov. 2.

Nov. 3.

1956, Apr i l 25.

IV to possibly V.

Three shocks of about III each. Slight.

Slight.

Slight, in Sandia Mountains IV.

V.

Slight, in Sandia Mountains

Sanford and Holmes (1961) hove reported on on

instrumental study of the July 1960 swarm of earthquakes

at Bernardo and La Joya, between Belen and Socorro. See

also their art icle in this Guidebook.

REFERENCES

Northrop S. A . , 1 9 4 5 , Earthquake history of central New Mexico

l a b s . J : Geol . Soc. America Bull., v. 5 6 , p. 1 1 8 5 .

" ' ' ' ^ ' Seismology in New Mexico [ a b s . ] : Geol . Soc

America Bull., v. 5 8 , p. 1 2 6 8 .

Sanford, A. R., and Holmes, C. R., 1 9 6 1 , Note on the July , 9 6 0 earthquakes in central New Mexico: Seimol. Soc. America Bull V. 5 1 , p. 3 1 1 - 3 1 4 , 3 figs.

0 \ C7\

NEW MEXICO LIQUOR LAWS

i

-N3

D. No license shall be issued or transferred until the post ing requirements of tliis section are met.

E. Any person who removes or defaces any notice posted in accordance with this section is guilty of a pe t ty misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars ($100) or by imprisonment for a definite term not to exceed six months, or both.

F. Notwithstanding any other section of the Liquor Control Act, where the property, for which a license is issued under the Liquor Control Act, is condemned by any entity having the power ot eminent domain, the chief of division, upon application by the licensee and proper proof a n d certification of such condemnation, shall transfer the license to another location in the county in which the license was issued; provided, however, that , except for licenses for which applications for transfer have been made prior to March 1,1975, no Ucense may be transferred from a location in the county, outside the corporate limits of a municipality, to a new location inside the corporate limits of t ha t municipality.

ARTICLE 5

STATE LICENSES

46-5-L Liquor policy of state—Investigation of applicants.— I t is hereby declared to be the policy of this act t ha t the sale of all alcoholic liquors in the s ta te of New Mexico shall be licensed, rt'jnilated and controlled so as to protect the public health, sntt'ty and morals of every community in this state; and it is hereby made the responsibility of the chief of division to investigate into the legal qualifications of all appUcants for licenses under this act, and to investigate into the conditions existing in the community wherein are located the premises for which any Iii(rnse is sought, before such Ucense is issued, to the end tha t Ucenses shall not be issued to unqualified or disqualified persons or for prohibited places on locations.

46-5-2. Dispenser's license.—In any local option district any person who is the proprietor or owner of any hotel or restaurant , as herein defined, or anj ' person qualified under the terms of any oidinaace of any municipality or resolution of any board of county commissioners or any other person who is not disqualified by provisions of this act, may apply for, and if found qualified by the licensing authorities whose duty it is to make a finding concerning such quaUfications, shall be issued a dispenser's Ucense for the sale of alcoholic Uquors. A Dispenser's liiOiise may be reclassified or converted to a retailer's Ucense upon proper appUcation and payment of the Ucense fees to the chief of division. The reclassified or converted Ucense shaU not be considered a new or additional Ucense if it is to be used a t the same location or if it does not add to the sum total of the Ucenses of a given area in any computation for the purpose of determining the maximum number of Ucenses tha t may be issued.

46-5-3. Retailer's license.—In any local option district any person who is the proprietor or owner of any mercantile iiusiness, or who shaU desire to s tar t or to continue a business for the sale of alcohoUc Uquors, if found quaUfied under the provisions of tliis act by the Ucensing authorities, whose duty it is to make a finding concerning such quaUfication, shall be issued a retailer's Ucense for the retail sale of alcohoUc Uquors. A retailer's Ucense may be reclassifed or converted to a dispenser's Ucense upon proper appUcation and payment of the Ucense fees to the chief of division. The reclassified or converted Ucense shaU not be considered a new or additional Ucense if it is to be used a t the same location or if it does not add to the sum total of the licenses of u given area in any computation for the purpose of determining the maximum number of Ucenses that may be issued.

'tt>-r>'3.1 Reclassification, conversion or change of license va l ida ted . -A dispenser's, retailer's or club Ucense which a t any time prior to the effective date of this section was reclassified, converted or changed from any other type or class of Uquor

Ucense recognized under the laws of this s tate , and any renewal of such license, is hereby confirmed and made vaUd. No action a t tacking the vaUdity of such reclassification, conversion or change of Ucense shall be entertained by any court or by the chief of division. This provision shaU not deprive any court or the chief of division of jurisdiction over any proceeding inst i tuted prior to the effective da te of this section.

46-5-1. Wholesaler 's l i c ense . - In any city or county any person who is not prohibited from receiving a Ucense by the provisions of this act, upon proper appUcation therefor, accompanied by the proper foes therefor, shall be issued a license as a wholesale dealer in alcohoUc Uquors. No such wholesaler shaU sell, offer for sale, or ship, any alcohoUc Uquors not received at, and stiipped from, the premises specified in such wholesale Ucense, except beer as provided in section 705 [46-5-18]; and no wholesaler shall seU or offer for sale, any alcohoUc Uquors to any person other than the holder of a New Mexico wholesaler's, retailer 's, dispenser 's or club Ucense; Provided, tha t nothing contained in this section shaU prevent the sale, t ransportat ion or shipment by a wholesaler to any person outside of the s ta te of New Mexico when shipped under permit from the division.

46-5-5. Brewers' , distillers', rectifiers' and winers' licenses.—In any local option district in this s tate , upon proper appUcations therefor, accompanied by the tender of the proper fees, Ucenses shaU be issued to lawfuUy quaUfied persons as brewers, distill rs, rectifiers and winers.

46-5-6. 'Vested rights of licensees operating breweries, distilleries, rectifying plants or wineries.—In the event any permit or Ucense shaU be issued to any person for the operation of any brewery, distillery, rectifying plant or winery, and such permittee or Ucensee shaU have commenced the operation of such brewery, distillery, rectifying plant or winery thereunder, then such Ucense or permit shaU be construed to consti tute a contract vesting in the Ucense, for a period of fifty [fjO] years from the date of such Ucense or permit, a vested right to operate the business thereunder, which right shaU not be impaired by any subsequent legislation or local option election; Provided, however, tha t this section shaU not be construed to permit such Ucensee or permittee to seU its products in this s ta te contrary to the laws of this state, bu t tha t sales in inters tate or foreign commerce shaU not be prohibited.

46-5-7. Exemption to growers.—There shaU be exempt from the payment of any Ucense fee or the procurement of any Ucense under the terms of this act, bu t not from the procurement of a "grower's permit" under the rules to be prescribed by the chief of division, any individual person (but not a copartnership, firm or corporation) who is the lessee or proprietor of any vineyard of

' this s ta te who may make and sell the fermented juice of grapes grown in said vineyard; Provided, tha t there is hereby levied on the sale of such product a tax a t the rate of one cent (Ic) on aU containers of sixteen (16) ounces or less; two cents (2c) on containers of more than sixteen (16) ounces up to and including thirty-two (32) ounces; four cents (4c) on containers or more than thirty-two (32) ounces up to and including one-half (Vi) gaUon up to and including one (1) gaUon; and, on containers of more than one (1) gaUon at the rate of eight cents (8c) per gaUon or fraction thereof. The foregoing excise tax shaU be in Ueu of the excise tax provided for wine in section 46-7-2, and shaU be paid by the grower by the fiUng of a return as provided in section 46-7-7.

46-5-8. Sales to wholesa lers . -No New Mexico distiUer, brewer, or rectifier, without having a New Mexico wholesale Ucense, shall seU or offer for sale any alcohoUc Uquors manufactured within this s ta te to any person other than wholesalers Ucensed under the provisions of ttiis act. Nottiing in this act shaU be construed to prevent the sale and transportat ion by said distiller, brewer or rectifier of the products of such Ucensee to any person outside of this s ta te when shipped under permit from the division.

46-5-9. Salesmen.—It shall be unlawful for any person except Ucensed New Mexico wholesalers, noiu-esident Ucensees and/or their Ucensed salesmen to sell, offer for sale, or to soUcit or to

OJ

take orders for. a lcohol ic l iquors a t wholesale . AU sa l e s a g e n t s of wholesaiers ond nonresident licensees, except the members of the firms so hcensed, shall be provided with a salesman's license issued by the division. AppUcations for such Ucense shall be rnade on blanks furnished by the division. Such salesman's license shaU be vaUd only as long as the person to whom issued IS an employee of the firm shown on the Ucense. An annual Ucense fee of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) shaU be charged by the division for each Ucense issued. The fee shaU accompany the appUcation for the salesman's Ucense. Life of a salesman's Ucense shaU be from date of issuance until June 30. foUowing

46-5-10. Special dispenser's permits for fairs and public celebrations-State and local f ee s . -Any person holding a dispenser s Ucense in any municipaUty or county wherein a state fair county fair or other type of pubUc celebration is to be held upon receivmg a concession from the board or other governing b ^ v in charge thereof, may dispense alcohoUc Uquors at said celebration upon the payment of ten doUars ($10.00) to the division for a special permit therefor. In addition to such fee, the municipaUty or county in which such celebration is held, if previously prox'ided for by ordinance or resolution, may charge an additional fee not to exceed ten dollars [$10.00] per day permittee is o dispense Uquor. Permittee, during said period, shaU be subject 0 all state law and regulations and aU local regulations regula

ting dispensers'privileges and disabiUties.

46-5-10.1 Club Ucenses-Surrender of other types of Uquor licenses-Transfer of ownership prohibited-Change of location -- KeDcwal-Limitations on number.-A. An appUcant for a club .cense wh.ch holds any other type of Uquor license authorized by

the laws of this state shaU first surrender to the chief of division I u' t." nl°".'''° ^^' cancellation its existing Ucense before the

c ub ShaU be issued a club Ucense under the provisions of section 4b-M New Mexico Statutes Annotated. 1953 Compilation Upon issuance of a club Ucense to the club the surrendered Ucense shaU be void and canceled upon the records of the division of Uquor control.

B Club Ucenses shaU not be transferred from one owner to linotlier and they shall not be converted, changed or reclassified to any other type of Uquor Ucense. A club Ucense may be trans-terred from one location to another upon compUance with the ^l°T'T^ °, law governing transfers of location. A club Ucense snail not be leased to any person.

C. Each club Ucensee annuaUy and not less than sbcty (60) davs prior to the date for renewal of its Ucense shaU submit to the chief of division of Uquor control sworn documentary proof hat It IS in all respects fuUy quaUfied to hold a club Ucense. If

the chief of division of Uquor control finds that it is so quaUfied he ShaU renew the club Ucense for an additional period of one 111 year. If the chief of division determines that the proof is inad.quate he shaU enter an order requiring the club Ucensee to show cause why its Ucense should not be revoked and he shall conduct a hearing on the matter as provided by law, and after such hearing if he finds that the club Ucensee no longer quaUfies for a club Ucense such Ucense shaU be revoked.

D. The provisions of sections 46-5-24, 46-5-25 and 46-5-27 New Mexico Statutes Annotated. 1953 Compilation, (being Laws 1951. chapter 30. sections 1 and 2, and Laws 1941. chfpter 4 section 1) ShaU not apply to club Ucenses, Provided further that' the number of club Ucenses shall not apply to or restrict the number of dispensers or retailer's Ucenses as provided in the above section, and Provided further that section 46-5-24 New Mexico Statutes Annotated. 1953 Compilation, and any amendments thereto made by the twenty-fourth legislature, if enacted into law, shaU not apply to: " <=, H

(a) Any existing club Ucense or the renewal thereof-(b) Any club Ucense issued to a bona fide country club after the

effective date of this section; and ""^rtne

ti In ^ff-r "l"^ "^\"^* ' " ' " ^ ' ° ° ° y ^"^^ °' fraternal organization affUia ted with a recognized national or international ruon-

«ftn [ S Z r """=' ' " """ ' ' ' ^ " °°' '- ' »

4S.5-10.2. Club Ucenses—Issuance or renewal contrary to l a w -Mandamus action to test vaUdity of Ucense.-Any person or association of persons, including other Uquor Ucensees, affected or aggrieved by the issuance or renewal of a club Ucense contrary to law shall be entitled to institute a mandamus action to test the vaUdity of such Ucense.

46-5-11. Sales by Licenses Clubs.—

f I A ^ ^ ^ ^ U ' M ' I " * ' * " ? ^ ""' ®'' '•'* provisions of the Liquor Control Act shaU have the right to seU alcohoUc Uquors by the drink tor immediate consumption on the premises of the club, but it ShaU be a violation of the Liquor Control Act for any club to seU any alcohoUc Uquor, except beer by the can or bottle in any manner other than by the drink for immediate consumption on the premises, but nothing in the Liquor Control Act shall be construed to prevent the sale and services of wines by clubs by the bottle for immediate consumption on the premises

B. It IS unlawful and grounds for suspension or revocation of Its Ucense for a club Ucensee;

(1) to solicit by advertising or any other means pubUc patronage of Its alcohoUc Uquor faciUties. and in the event the club soUcits by any means pubUc patronage of its other faciUties alcohohc Uquors ShaU not be sold, served or consumed on the

for the benefit of the general pubUc. except where the faciUties being used for the sale, service and consumption of alcohoUc beverages are separate from faciUties of the club being used by or operated for the benefit of, the general pubUc and the general pubUc is not permitted to enter any part of the facUities where alcohoUc beverages are being sold, served or consumed; or

(2) to serve, seU or permit the consumption of alcohoUc Uquors to persons other than members and then- bona fide guests A bona fide guest for the purpose of this section is a person whose presence in the club is in response to a specific invitation by a member for the specific occasion and for whom the member assumes responsibUity.

=1,1 w^^^" ^"'=f"««°*»' w i n e . - N o Ucense of any kind or character ShaU be required of any person, society or corporation to shfp

Z Z ^ t ,'•"' '^^ ""^"^ '« ^ ^^ used exclusively Tor sacramental or reUgious purposes when such wine is consigned f^nT^h""^ f'de priest, pastor, bishop, rabbi, preacher or n L i s -ter of the gospe of any reUgious faith or denomination and the lT^T%}'r"^l «•«« O"- carton thereof is plainly and legibly R e u L t , P " ' ^°-^' ^/^ Exclusively for Sacr'amental and ReUgious Purposes '; and no Ucenses. transportation permit or other permit of any kind shaU be required for the importetion into, deUvery, transportation or distribution within this sUte of n a s t o r t i T ' ''r 'ui!-,"' ''°'''l^^ ^ any such bona fide priest. fhpr.r.n^ ^ Pu''"H'"'^ ^'^'"'^^' °' "^'^êr of the gospel, and

U^::T::7O':7^^:I ° '^^^°"''-'"'''- p' ^ - êkibiy

46-M3. Invoices for sacramental wine required-Exemptions. -Whenever any person shaU ship into this state, or when anv wholesaler, winer or grower shaU seU within this sUte. a n y ^ ^ e to be used exclusively for sacramental or reUgious purposeT^s contemplated by section 814 [46-5-12], such pe»on s C u maU ?o t i e n Z r " r°- '^' '"^r °^ "" ^ ^ ° ' « ^ ° ^"<=h wme showing L ?h n T v ' ° r"'^^""""^ °f ""' • " « ^° «»^PP^d into, or sold

permit number of the shipper and/or seUer. and the name and address of the buyer and/or consignee of such wine, and that such wine IS to be used exclusively for sacramenUl or reUgious purposes; Provided, however, that this section shaU not apply to wine sold for sacramental or reUgious purposes to the persons mentioned in section 814 [46-5-12] when such wine is w ld at reUJ; and Provided further, that this section shaU not apply to the distribution of such wine after it has been received by any such priest, pastor, bishop, rabbi, preacher or minister of the gospel, and is being distributed by such priest, pastor, bishop ™,tJ!.'r,^v^^ or minister of the gospel to other priests.' pastors, bishops, rabbis, preachers, or ministers of the gospel of the same reUgious denomination as that of the persoVso distributing such wine.

i '^

46-5-14 Persons prohibited from receiving Ucenses.—(a) The foUowing classes of persons shall be prohibited from receiving Ucenses under the provisions of this act;

(1) Persons who have been convicted of two [2] separate misdemeanor violations of this act in any calendar year or of any felony, except those persons restored to civil rights.

(2) A person who is not a citizen of the United States. (3) A person under the age of twenty-one [21] years. (4) A corporation which is not duly quaUfied to do business m

the state of New Mexico. (5) A person who is not the real party in interest in the business

to be conducted under the Ucense for which appUcation is made. (b) r>io nonresident distiller, brewer, winer, rectifier or bottler,

and nonresident Ucensee coming within the provisions of section 707(a) 146-5-21(a)] of this act, directly or indirectly, or through an affiUate or subsidiary, shaU apply for, be granted or hold a Ucense under the provisions of this act as a New Mexico wholesale Uquor dealer, distiUer, rectifier, brewer, winer, bottler, dispenser or retailer.

(c) It shall be a violation of tliis act for any person whose Ucense as a retaUer or dispenser of alcohoUc Uquors has been revoked under the provisions of this act to accept or remain in any employment in or about the retaU or dispensary sale of alcohoUc Uquors gratis or for hire within two [2] years form the date of such revocation of such person's Ucense.

46-5-15. AppUcations.-A. Before any Ucense may be issued by the chief of division the

appUcant shaU; (1) submit a written appUcation or renewal for the Ucense

under oath, in the form prescribed by, and stating the information required by, the rules and regulations promulgated by the chief of division; and

(21 if the appUcant is a corporate appUcant, it shaU be requu-ed to submit as part of its appUcation the foUowing;

(a) a certified copy of its articles of incorporation; (b) the names and addresses of aU officers, directors and stock

holders owning ten percent or more of the voting stock of the corporation and the amounts of stock held by each, but a corporation may not be Ucensed if an officer, manager, director or holder of more than ten percent of the stock would not be eUgible to hold a Uquor Ucense under the laws of this state, except that the provision of Paragraph (2) of Subsection A of Section 46-5-14 NMSA 1953 shaU not apply if the stock of the corporation is Usted with a national securities exchange;

(c) the name of the agent of the corporation authorized to accept service of process for aU purposes, including orders and notices of the chief of division of Uquor control, which agent must be satisfactory to and approved by the chief of division with respect to his character;

(d) a duly executed power of attorney authorizing the above agent to exercise fuU authority, control and responsibiUty for the conduct of aU business and transactions of the corporation within the state relative to the sale of alcohoUc Uquors under authority of the Ucense requested; and

(e) such additional information regarding the corporation as the chief of division may require to assure full disclosure of the corporation's structure and financial responsibiUty.

B. Licenses are assiâble and transferable to persons who are found by the chief of division to have the quaUfications to receive Ucenses in the first instance, and whose appUcation for transfer and approval of assignment have been approved by the chief of division in writing. No Ucense shaU be transferred while any charges of violation of the Liquor Control Act, or any rules or regulations promulgated under its provisions, are pending before the chief of division, or while any Ucensee is charged in any court of criminal jurisdiction with any violation of the Liquor Control Act, or during the period of any suspension of Ucense, or after the revocation of any Ucense. The transfer or assignment of Ucense shall not be approved untU the transferor has compUed with the Uniform Commercial Code as to bulk transfers if a transfer or assignment of Ucense also involves the sale of merchandise. The transfer, assignment, sale or lease shaU not b<! approved until the chief of division is satisfied that aU

creditors of the Ucense in connection with the operation of the business have been paid or that satisfactory arrangements have been made between the Ucensee and the creditor for the payment of such debts. Such debts shaU constitute a Uen on the Ucense and the Uen shall be deemed to have arisen on the date when the debt was originaUy incurred. (See Section 72-13-94 on la it page.)

C. In case of the transfer or assignment of any Ucense, the assignee and appUcant for transfer or assignment shaU pay to the division fifty doUars ($50.00) as a transfer fee.

D. When a Ucense is transferred, the chief of division shall notify the county clerk or city clerk in the local option district where the Ucensed premises are located of the fact of the trs ns IGF

E. In case of the death of the holder of any Ucense, the unexpired portion of the Ucense shaU vest, by operation of law, in the personal representative of the deceased, and shaU be disposed of by him pursuant to the powers vested in him in;the Probate Code for the purpose of reaUzing the maximum return practicable under the circumstances. The person purchasing the unexpired portion of the Ucense must be quaUfied as a Uquor Ucensee, and the transfer of the unexpired portion of the Ucense shaU be made by the chief of division in the same manner as for other Uquor Ucense transfers.

F. The holder of a retailer's, dispenser's or club Ucense has no vested property right in the Ucense as against the state, but as against creditors of the Ucense the Ucense shaU be considered property subject to execution, attachment, security transactions, Uens, receivership and aU other incidents of tangible personal property under the laws of this state, except as otherwise provided herein.

G. Corporations that hold retailer's or dispenser's licenses shall notify the chief of division within thirty days after the occurrence of any change in the officers, directors or holders of more than ten percent of the voting stock, giving the names and addresses of the new officers, directors or stockholders. A corporate Ucense holder shaU also notify the chief of division immediately of the change of agent by fiUng a new power of attorney. Except for corporations whose stock is Usted with a national securities exchange, no corporation holding a Uquor Ucense shaU transfer a controUing interest in its stock owmership without the prior vn-itten approval of the chief of division. The provisions of this section relating to corporations shall be appUcable to new Ucenses, renewal of existing Ucenses and transfer of Ucenses.

46-5-15.1. AppUcants—Fingerprints..— A. Every appUcant for a new Ucense, or for a transfer of owner

ship of any Ucense, if an individual or partnership, shaU fUe with the appUcation required in Section 46-5-15 NMSA 1953 two complete sets of fingerprints of each individual taken under the supervision of and certified to by an officer of the New Mexico state poUce, a county sheriff or a municipal chief of poUce. If the appUcant is a corporation, it shaU file two complete sets of fingerprints for each officer, each stockholder holding ten percent or more of the outstanding stock, and the agent responsible for the operation of the Ucensed business. The fingerprints shaU be taken and certified to as provided for an individual or partnership.

B. If any appUcant is not a resident of New Mexico, fingerprints may be taken under supervision and certification of comparable officers in the state of residence of the appUcant.

C. Every appUcant seeking approval as an agent shaU file with his designation of agency, two complete sets of fingerprints of each individual taken and certified to as required by this section.

Section 3. EMERGENCY.-It is necessary for the pubUc peace, health and safety that this act take effect immediately.

46-5-16. EXPIRATION AND RENEWAL OF LICENSES-TRANSFERS-ADDITIONAL LICENSES RESTRICTED-APPEAL FROM ISSUANCE OF D E N I A L -

A. AU Ucenses provided for in the Liquor Control Act shaU expire on June 30 of each year, and may be renewed from year to year under the rules and regulations of the division. The chief of the Uquor control division shaU determine whether any of the

ON

o

Ucensees under his jurisdiction are deUnquent in any taxes administered by the bureau of revenue as of June 1 of each year. The c2iief shaU check his own files to ascertain whether or not there exists any other reason why a Ucense should or might not be renewed. If any impediment to renewal is found, the chief shaU, by certified mail, return receipt requested, mailed not later than June 10, notify the Ucensee of the impediment. Any New Mexico wholesaler, rectifier, winer, wine bottler, retailer, club or dispenser Ucensee who has received such a notice and who has subsequently satisfied the chief of division tha t he is not presently Uable in the payment of any taxes administered by the bureau of revenue and is otherv/ise in good standing a t the expiration of any Ucense year, shaU be entitled to a new annual s ta te Ucense for the succeeding license year, if the Ucense is otherwise entitled thereto under the provisions of the Liquor Control Act. At the beginning of any new Ucense year, and throughout the new Ucense year, the chief of division may limit, in his direction, the number of additional New Mexico wholesaler, rectifier, winer, wine bottler, retailer, club or dispenser Ucenses to be issued within the s ta te and every poUtical subdivision thereof, and the chief of division, in his discretion, may refuse to issue any additional Ucenses.

B. III determining whether a new or additional Ucense shaU be Umited or refused, the chief of division shaU take into considera-1 ion the population of the locaUty involved, the number of existing Ucenses in the locaUty or area and the pubUc health, safety and morals of the poUtical subdivision, area or locaUty wherein any additional Ucense is sought.

C. Before any Ucense may be transferred to use a t a new location, and before any new retailer's or dispenser 's Ucense is issued for a location where alcohoUc Uquors are not now being sold, the chief of division shall cause a notice of the appUcation therefor to be posted conspicuously on a sign not smaUer than thirty inches by forty inches on the outside of the front waU or front entrance of the immediate premises for which the Uquor Ucense or transfer is sought or, if no building or improvements s!xist on the premises, the notice shaU be posted a t the front entrance of the immediate premises for which the Ucense or transfer is sought, on a biUboard not smaUer than five feet by five feet. The contents of the notice shaU be in the form prescribed by the division of Uquor control, and such posting shaU be o\er a continuous period of twenty days prior to the issuance of the Ucense or transfer.

D. No Ucense or transfer of Ucense shaU be issued until the posting requirements of Subsection C of this section have been net.

E. It is unlawful for any person to remove or deface any notice posted in accordance with this section and any person convicted of violating this provision shaU be punished by a fine of not more than three hundred doUars ($300) or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one hundred and twenty days, or by both.

F. Any person, firm or corporation aggrieved by any decision made by the chief of division as to the issuance or refusal to issue anv additional Ucense may appeal to the district court of jurisdiction by fUing a petition therefor in the court within thirty days from the date of the decision of the chief of division, and a hearing on the matter may be held in the district court, which he.irin.L- shaU be de novo. The decision of the chief of division. shall continue in force, pending a reversal or modification by the district court, unless otherwise ordered by the court for a good cause shown. Any appeal from the decision of the district court to the supreme court shaU be permittod as in other cases of appeals from the district court to the supreme court ."

46-5-16.1. Costs of pubUcation and posting.—AU costs of pubUcation and posting shaU be borne by the appUcant.

46-5-16.2. Repealed.

46-5-17. Proration of Ucense fees.—The s ta te Ucense fees herein required of retaUers, dispensers and clubs shaU be prorated so that s ta te Ucenses issued prior to the first day of October of any

year shaU be subject to the fuU amount of the annual Ucense fee; Ucenses issued on or subsequent to the first day of October and prior to the first day of January , foUowing, shaU be subject to three-fourths [%] of the annual fee; Ucenses issued on or subsequent to the first day of January and prior to the first day of April of a year shaU be s u b j e c t t o one-half ['/j] of the annual Ucense fee; Ucenses issued on or subsequent to the first day of AprU shall be subject to one-fourth ['/<] of the annual fee. AU licenses issued to dist i l lers , rectifiers, winers , bo t t l e r s , nonresident Ucenses and wholesalers shaU be paid for a t the yearly rate regardless of the date issued and shall expire on J u n e 30th of the fiscal year for which such Ucenses are issued.

46-5-18. License fees.—Every appUcant for a Ucense, before receiving the Ucense, shaU file a separate bond with, and pay to, the division the following designated Ucense fee for each place of business in the s ta te from which sales and deUveries of alcohoUc Uquor are made; provided tha t the wholesale deUvery of beer may be permitted by the division from cold stbrage plants located in the vicinity of the location specified in the Ucense;

A. DistiUer's Ucense to seU to wholesalers only, $1,000; B. Brewer's Ucense to seU to wholesalers only, $1,000; C. Rectifier's Ucense to seU to wholesalers only, $350; D. Winer's Ucense to sell to wholesalers only, $500; E. Wholesaler's Ucense to seU aU alcohoUc Uquors for resale

only, $1,200; F. Wholesaler's Ucense to seU spirituous Uquors and wine for

resale only, $950; G. Wholesaler's Ucense to seU spirituous Uquors for resale

only, $700; H. Wholesaler's Ucense to seU beer and wine for resale only,

$700; I. Wholesaler's Ucense to seU beer for resale only, $500; J . Wholesaler's Ucense to seU wine for resale only, $500; K. State retailer's Ucense, $50.00; L. State dispenser's Ucense, $50.00; M. Sta te club Ucense, $50.00; N. Wine bottler 's Ucense to seU to wholesalers only, $250; O. Resident broker 's Ucense fee, for firms represented up to

five (5) in number, none of which exceeds $50,000 gross volume of business in New Mexico, $250 plus $50.00 for each firm represented over five (5), and provided the place of the broker's business is located in New Mexico.

46-5-19. Issuance of licenses and collection of fees.—AU Ucenses provided for in this section 7g5 [46-5-18] shaU be issued by the chief of division in strict compUance with the provisions of this act, and Ucense fees, a t the rates therein provided, shall be coUected by the chief of division and immediately shaU be remitted to the s ta te treasurer.

The chief of division is vested with exclusive control over the issuance of, and the coUection of license fees for, distiller's, brewer's, rectifier's, winer's and wholesaler's Ucenses, and, also of, and for, pubUc service Ucenses, wine bott ler 's Ucenses, nonresident Ucenses and salesman's identification cards; and no additional Ucense fee. occupation Ucense or tax shaU be imposed or coUected on account thereof by any municipaUty or county.

46-5-19.1. Issuance of Ucenses-Opinion of chief legal officer of bureau of revenue.—Before the chief of division of Uquor control may issue a new retailer's dispenser's or club Uquor Ucense under the provisions of Chapter 46, Article V, New Mexico S ta tu tes Annotated, 1953 Compilation, as amended, he shaU first obtain a written opinion of the chief legal officer of the bureau of revenue advising that all s ta tu tory and procedural steps relating to the issuance of the Ucense have been compUed with in fuU. This opinion shaU be made a par t of the official pubUp record concerning the Ucense.

46-5-20. License fees for t ransportat ion companies.—Every transportat ion company or other person selling alcohoUc Uquors to travelers on trains witiiin the s ta te of New Mexico shaU secure a pubUc service Ucense from the division on July first of each year and shaU pay therefor a fee of one hundred and fifty dollars ($150), and a photostatic copy of said Ucense shall be posted in each car from which such alcohoUc Uquors are sold.

ON

46-5-21 Nonresident Ucense.-A. Before any person, except licensed New Mexico wholesalers, shaU directly or indirectly seU offer for sale, or ship into the state, any alcohoUc Uquors, he shall procure from the division a nonresident license and shaU pay therefor, as shown by the records of the division for a total bilUng to New Mexico wholesalers in excess of:»

$3,000,000 annuaUy $3 000 1,000,000 annuaUy j'gOQ

500,000 annuaUy [[ I'OQO 200,000 annuaUy 750 100,000 annuaUy 500 50,000 annuaUy 250

all others having less than $50,000 shaU be represented by a resident broker and pay a fee through him as prescribed in section 46-5-18 New Mexico Statutes Annotated, 1953 Compilation. The Ucense shaU entitle the holder thereof to exercise the privileges of a nonresident Ucensee on and from July 1 of any year up to and including June 30 of the foUowing year The rionresident Ucense fee shaU be prorated in the manner provided m section 46-5-16 New Mexico Statutes Annotated. 1953 Compilation.

B Nonresident Ucensees may sell, offer for sale or ship mto the state alcohohc Uquors only to Ucensed New Mexico distiUers brewers, rectifiers, winers and wholesalers. Nonresident Ucensees shaU not seU. offer.for sale or ship alcohoUc Uquors to retaUers, dispensers, clubs or consumers.

C. Every nonresident Ucense holder or every New Mexico wholesaler or rectifier seUing or shipping alcohoUc Uquors to a New Mexico wholesaler shaU mail to the division of Uquor control. Santa Fe New Mexico, one [1] dupUcate invoice stating the prices, together with aU terms, concessions, aUowances forbearances and deductions, covering aU shipments into or sales m the state In cases of shipments a copy of the bUl of Ming or way bill shaU accompany the invoice mailed to the division. On each mvoice for alcohoUc Uquors the total number of cases and the total number of wine gaUons of alcohoUc Uquor ShaU also be noted by the shipper or vendor. The invoice of aU shipments or sales shaU also state the brand, labels, size of containers of each item, unless shipped or sold in buUt to be bottled by a licensed rectifier or bottler using his own label and brand; Provided, however this section shaU not apply to sales and shipments strictly within the state from one New Mexico wholesaler to another wholesaler.

D The Ucenses provided for in subsections K. L and M of section 46-5-18 New Mexico Statutes Annotated, 1953 Compilation shall permit the respective Ucensees to seU aU classes of alcohoUc Uquors logaUy in the state.

E. The chief of division of Uquor control may suspend or revoke the Ucense of a nonresident Ucensee or wholesaler who does not comply with subsection C of this section.

46^22. License to transport.-On July first of each year every common carrier transporting alcohoUc Uquors into and for deUvery withm the state shaU register with the division, and ShaU pay a registration fee of five doUars ($5.00).

46-5-23. \Vine bottler's license.-Before any winer or wholesaler whose Ucense permits the sale of wine for resale shaU bottle

^n,!!f "iif»7 ^ T ^"' '•^'^'^' ^^ ^^^^ P"^""'^ f'-°'° the division a wme bottlers Ucense and shaU pay therefor the annual fee required by section 45-5-18 New Mexico Statutes Annotated. 1953 Compilation. The Ucense shaU cover a period beginning on July 1 and expirmg on June 30 foUowing. There shaU be no proration of the fee.

(b) In umncorporated areas, not more then one [1] dispenser's J'o''n«nV ' retailer's or one [1] club Ucense for each two thousand 12,000] or major fraction thereof population in any county excluding the population of incorporated municipaUties within the county. Provided no new or additional Ucense shaU be issued m unincorporated areas or transfers approved for locations or prenuses situate within five [5] miles of the corporate Umits of any mumcipaUty, except that transfer of a Ucense already within the five [5] mile zone may be made;

(1) to another location within the zone; and (2) from the municipaUty to a location within the zone. (c) In rural areas new or additional Ucenses may be issued

regardless of population if the proposed location or premises are not within ten [10] miles of any existing Ucensed premises Provided that such new or additional Ucense and any renewal thereof, issued in such rural areas, either before or after the effective date of Laws of 1957. chapter 159, section 1 [this section] ShaU not be transferred to any other location or premises within ten [10] miles of another Ucensed premises.

46-5-25. Location of presently Ucensed premises-Population determination.-For the purposes of this act [45-5-24, 46-5-25] all presently Ucensfed locations or premises lying within five (5) miles of the corporate Umits of any municipaUty shaU be deemed as lymg within the municipaUty in determining the maximum number of Ucenses to be issued in said municipaUty under the provisions hereof and Provided further that the population of any incorporated municipaUty or county shaU, for the purposes of this act, be deemed to be the population thereof as last determined by the bureau of census.

46-5-26. Locations near church or school-Restrictions on Ucensing.-No hcense for the sale of alcohoUc Uquors at a location, where alcohoUc Uquors are not already bemg sold which IS within 300 feet of any church or school shaU be granted by the division unless such appUcation is accompUshed by a resolution duly adopted by the municipal council or board of county commissioners approving of and consenting to the grantmg of a Ucense to seU Uquor at such location.

46-5-27. Locations near military installations.-Restrictions on Ucensmg.-Except as to existing Ucenses and renewals thereof the chief of division shaU henceforth issue no retail, dispenser or club Ucense for the sale of alcohoUc Uquor within any area adjacent to and not exceeding one and one-half [1'/,] miles in any direction measured from the exterior boundaries of the United States miUtary instaUation where United States troops are domiciled; Provided, however, such Ucenses may be issued or transferred subject to the discretion of the chief of division for operation in any area within the one and one-half [1'/,] mile Umitation and which portion of the area Ues within the incorporated Umits of any municipaUty. but no Ucense shaU be issued or transferred for a location within two hundred [200] yards of anv entrance to such miUtary instaUation.

46-5-28. Locations on municipal property.-The chief of the division of Uquor control may issue or transfer Ucenses for the sale of alcohoUc Uquor for use at locations on property owned or under the control of any municipaUty if:

A. the property is leased by the municipaUty for a commercial purpose; and

B. the governing body of the municipaUty has approved the issuance or transfer of the Ucense for use at the location on mumcipal property.

46-5-24. Limitation on number of Ucenses that can be issued -The maxmium number of Ucenses to be issued under the pro-.visions of sections 46-5-2. and 46-5-3 and 46-5-11 New Mexico Statutes Annotated, 1953 Compilation, shaU be as foUows-

(a) In mcorporated municipaUties, not more than one [11 dispenser s or one [1] retailer's or one [1] club Ucense for each two thousand [2,000] or major fraction thereof population in such mumcipaUty.

ARTICLE 6

^^^^^^Â9Ji^^x?USPENSI0N OF LICENSES -COIVIPLAINTS AND HEARINGS

46«-l. Cancellation of Ucense for failure to engage in business. —A. Any Ucense or renewal thereof hereinafter issued under the provisions of the Liquor Control Act shall be canceled if the holder thereof fails to commence operation of the Ucensed

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

Adler, Joan, and Atkin, William P. Interiors Book of Reataurants. Neiw York:

Whitney Library of Design, i960.

Albuquerque Chamber of Commerce. Community Profile.

Albuquerque, NM. The Economy of The State of New Mexico and The Albuquerque

Metropolitan Statistical Area. July, 1978.

Callender, John H., ed. TimeSaver Standards for Architectural Design Data.

5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 197^.

Callender, John H., ed. Time Saver Standards for~Building Types. 5th ed.

New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 197^

Cloyd, Francis, ed. Guide to Food Service Management. Chicago, 111.: Cahners

Publishing Co., 1972.

Coffman, James P. "Introduction to Professional Food Service." Published by

Institutions Magazine. May, 1968.

162. .

Davis, Deering, Contemporary Decor : Restaurants. Lounges. Bars. New York:

Architectural Book Publishing Company, 1950.

Dukas, Landberg. How To Operate A Restaurant. New York: Athens Book Company, i960.

Ellis, Robert W. Geology of the Sandia Mountains. Albuquerque: State

University of New Mexico Press, 1922.

Emerging Techniques: Architectural Programing. American Institute of Architects,

1969.

Food Service Interiors. Vol., 2. Chicago, 111: Medalist Publications, Inc.,

1968.

Food Service Planning. New York: John Wiley and Sons, I967.

Kahrl, William L. Food Service On A Budget. Boston: Cahners Publishing

Co., Inc., 197^.

. Food Service Productivity and Profit Ideasbook. Boston,

Mass.: Cahners Publishing Co., 1975*

. Planning and Operating a Successful Food Service Operation.

New York: Chain Store Age Books, 1973.

16-5.

Lame, Iris, and Lane, Steven. Promotion In Food Service. New York: McGraw

Hill Book Co., 1972.

Lehrian, Paul. The Restaurant. London: Practical Press, 1953.

LLich, John. Restaurant Finance. New York: Chain Store Age Books, 1975.

MQtels. Hotels. Restaurants, and Bars. New York: F. W. Dodge Corp., 1953.

Northrop, Stuart A. , ed. Albuquerque Country. Published by the New Mexico

Geological Society. 196I.

Panero, Julius. Anatomy For Interior Designers. New York: Whitney Library

of Design, I960.

Ramsey and Sleeper. Architectural Graphic Standards. 6th ed. New York:

John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1970.

Sanoff, Henry. Methods of Architectural Programming. Stijoudsburg, Penn.:

Dowden,' Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., 1977•

The Service Society. Vol., 6. Chicago: Mecalist Publications, Inc., 1966.

Small Commercial Buildings. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1956.

I6i4..'

Stein, Bob. Marketing In Action For Hotels. Motels, and Restaurants. New York:

Ahrens Publishing Co., Inc., 1971•

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers. Chicago* University of Chicago

Press,1973.

U.S. Department of Commerce. Establishing and Operating A Restaurant.

Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office. 1957.

Uniform Building Code. Vol., 1. Whittier, Cal.; International Con

ference of Building Officials, 1970.

University of New Mexico, Bank o^ >Iew Mexico, Bureau of Business and

Economic Research, City of Albuquerque.

Wilkinson, Julie. Special Atmosphere Themes For Food Service. Chicago:

Cahners Publishing Co., Inc., 1972.

MAGAZINES AND PERIODICALS

"Commercial Kitchen and Dining Room." Vol., 13. No. 3. Stamford, Conn.:

Publishing Dynamics, Fall-Winter, 1973*

"Interiors." Restaurant Design Checklist, March 1973. PP. 113-15.

165-

INTERVIEVJS

Saturday, October 7, 1978

T.N, Armstrong III., President of Anthony Gap, Inc. El Paso, TX.

Friday, October 13, 1978

Albuquerque Chamber ijof Commerce, Albuquerque, NM.

Department of Planning and Engineering, Albq., NM.

Albuquerque Industrial Service, Albq., NM.

Saturday, October 1^, 1978

City Inspector, iilbq., NM.

Bill Gaine, owner of Summit House Restaurant Albq., NM.

Ben Abruzzo, President of Sandia Peak Recreation, Inc.. Albq., NM.

Monday, November 28, 1978

U.S. Forest Service, Albq., NM.

Mrs. Sanchez U.S. Department of Agriculture, Aerial Photography

Field Office, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Friday, December 1, 1978 Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, Santa Fe, NM.

Mr. Romero.

166.

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/ ^ / 4 Design m. a'' itmentat io n

The E;agle*s Nest Restaurant and Klght Club is •isuallzed as being a yery unique and

exciting entertaiOMnt experience. Like other dining and drinking establishments of its kind,

it offers fine food and drinks. But unlike many of its eonpetitors, it of fen an experience

not likely to be forgot-ten. Hot many eatablishnents of its kind are located on a cliff five

thousand feet aboro the city. Nor do many establishments of its kind offer a ride on one of

the world's l<»)gest traimri^ to get to it. The Eagle's Nest was designed to maximize very

dramatic views in all directions and to blend into the very tmique mood of the site while add

ing to the diversity of functions of the site.

Already located at the site is a ski basin, the aerial tramway, a visitor's station

for the traffifay, and the old restaurant which is being converted into a quick-serve cafeteria

for the skiers and possibly a few tourists who want a quick bite to eat. These are primarily

daytime activities. The Eagle's Nest provides a continental cuisine restaurant and full ser

vice night club which are nighttime as well as daytime activities, thus utilising the site

and tramway to their full potential.

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The physical design of the building iioulates

the verticality of the surrounding trees of the for

est thus profviding a synbolic link to the site as well

as achieving height to maximise three hundred and sixty

degrees of views above the tops of the trees. It also

is located at the edge of the cliff with porti<»M of

the structure oantilevered over the edge to maximize

the views down to the city of Albequerque. Different

levels are provided to maximize the views of the pat-

ron from within the building.

The'building is located on the southern por-iSH? '

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tion of the site, situated on the western cliff line • - * -

which has anywhere frcxn a sixty degme to an eighty

degree slope westward. Drainage is to the east and

west off of the crest and to the south along, the crest.

,> The major views are from the southeast and

radiating to the north and around to the southwest.

Insluded in these views are the mountains to the east

and north, the mesas and Rio Grande River to the west

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and the city of Albequerqiae to the immediate west.

The only major noise producer is the tranvay

loading dock located just to the north of the proposed

location of the building. Prevailing winds are out

at the southwest with a constant updraft off of the face •h %

of the mountain. Dense forest occupies the top and i- . '..

eastern slope of the mountain, while less dense, low

profile' vegetaticKi covex^ the western face of the mountain.

Tine current service road is to be paved and

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extended to serve the Eagle's Nest, Its route will

t tlM it to ihe'immediate east of the tramway visitor*

eenterândâdoess the parking facilities and service

entrance ol* the Eagle's Nest, Parking for twenty cars ^

w^ll be provided for restaurant guests who wish to

ai^xroaoh friam the east without having to drive all the

way intp Albequerque to use the tramway which will

serve as the primary means of access to the facility.

Also the inqprqvenent of the road and the provision 'Qf''&f''^•^. .-v •• - '

of parkingat the top'âilows people tAxo do not wish

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] to ride the tramHay to get to the top of the mountain.

A U exterior landscaping will consist of

natural vegetation and growths ctMitroUed so as not

to impede the functioning and views of the facility.

Exterior' lij^hting will consist of low pro

file fixtures fdr.tht access road and parking areas.

Spot floodlights will illoainate the logo as well as

the vertical walls of the service wing. Colored

laser lights will be provided from grouixi level pro

jecting up to and reflecting from the undersides of

the building adding to the curiosity of the activities

occurring in the building as one approaches the sunsdlt

traveling up the tramway*

The desiga consists of a central vertical

circulation core from which people radiate out to the

desired areas of use. This allows the total perimeter

to be free from visual obstruction. An abundance of

glass is used so as to provide maximum views in any

direction.

- ^ ^

no

The service areas are kept separate from

the diniqg and lounging spaces by both level change

and circulation areas* thus providing transiticHsal i.

spaces as well as noise and visual buffers.

A eambiiiati<»3 of stairs, rai^, tunnels,

and glass fr<mted (tlevators provide aceessways and

means for level changes throughout the structure.

Two firestairs are provided for in the interior of

the central shaft. Two elevators serve all levels

of the struc1»ac e. During nonbusiness hours they act

as service elevators for transp<»*t of suiiqilies to all

levels and for use by janitorial perscmnel. Capacity

for the elevat<K« is S-10 people.

Psychology of space is the major consider

ation of this design. The relationships of the in

ternal spaces wit^ each other are very important.

Just as important is the relationship of those inter

nal spaces as a whole with the surrounding exterior

spaces.

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A degree of s«ri.-privacy is provided for

in the restauz>ant and in the lounge by means of bal-

c&ay levels siraller in size than the main levels.

Direct visual links between these levels are main

tained so as^not to seclude one from the other or

from the overall mood of the space. Complete seclu-if?

sion is provided for in the night club with the

"Nest" level. Although secluded from the majority

of the activities, it enjoys complete privacy and

the most exciting views of the complex.

Each level has with it varied transition-

ary elements from one to another which add diversity

and intrigue to the total mood of the space. These

being visual links, aceessways, circulaticm spaces,

and implied spaces. The major implied space being the "-• • • • « •

surrounding vistas viewed through the glass roof

structure.

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\

172-

Eagle's Nest offers its patrcHis the oppor

tunity to dlhe. under the stars with the vistas of

the horizon providing an everchanging wallpaper all

in a controlled eiacrironment. The mood of the spaces

of Eagle's Nest ure^l^pt sinple and direct so as not

to compete with thase views* The spaces are open

and spacious with aiiâsis on views. "Warm subtle

browns and tans confined with dim lighting set the

mood of the spaces, garly"American antique furnish

ings are to be used along with the extensive use of

southwestern art, and sculpture.

Floarlevel lifting along with small d a m

spot lights are to be used in the circulati«ai spaces.

Abundant flourescent lighting is to be provided for

in all service areas, restrooms, and office space.

Candlelight is to be used in the dining and loung

ing spaces. '^î

The f lo<»w are to l3e carpeted througluaat

except in the service areas and on the gdrr<»red

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(75

dance floor. Also all intericn' wall space in the

lounge is to be carpeted for acoustical purposes.

The wall space in the dining areas is to be warm

tcHie stucco; The texture of all surfaces in the

lounge areas is to be resiliant for the best possible

accoustical qualities. Banners and tapestries are

to be hung from the coiling of the lounge area to

provide partial protecticxt from direct sunlight as

well as iiQiroving the accoustical qualities of the

space. ,,;, X. z • •

r jir The structural system consists of six

four foot diameter columns. They are to be poured

in place and reinforced with steel. These columns

support radiatiiig steel trusses which are attached

to the center column and cantilevered beyond the

six smaller columns. This system of columns and

trusses carries anjipproadmate load of 5,000,000

pofuids. The major steel trusses taper towards the

perimeter and are spanned by a system of smaller

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steel trusses and bar joints. This system is used

for every level except the "Nest" level irtiich is

merely a deck supported by bar joints spanning be

tween the six columns. The flooring element is a

six inch steel reinforced lightweight concrete deck.

The roof structures are comprised of light

weight steel trusses spanned by double insulated

tempered glass panels with aluminum framing allow

ing a one-half loch cdrspaoe between the glass pan^

els. This system attaches to a three foot high . * . . . - ' • . • '

perimeter wall at floor level and at the top, it

attaches to a cono3;>9to coBQiression ring supported

by the central column in the restaurant and by the

six columns in the lounge. In the lounge, atop the

coapeeas^jon ring, is a double insulated, tempered

glass dome.

The structure of the service wing complex .t,f r.ji

is oonposed of a reinforced coicrete slab with con

crete footings. Concrete block load bearing walls

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support a concrete double T roof system. Interior

spaces below concrete decking and truss systems contain

suspended acoustical tile ceilings. The exterior shell

is ccmiprised of high sheen aluminum sandwich panels.

The mechanical system of Eagle's Nest is an

active solar system. The use of solar energy is a

stipulati<xi of the client. The system, entails the

collection of heat by water in a series of flat plate

collectors located remotly south of the structure. For

the approxinately 324-,000 square feet of floor space,

an appriximate cooling load of 56 tons at 22,400 cfm

is required. The approximate heating load is 700,000 btu/hr.

The system jprovided takes stored: hot^watsr-anr transfers it

to circulating water through a water to neater iat ymp. The

circulating water is then taken directly to remote fan coil

units located below the flooring system where ductwork carries

the heated air to flom* registers. For aJaibst ten months

out of the year, heat is required, but a cooling

\1^

system has been provided. The same stored hot water

is taken to the heat punq> and the heat is transferred

to the eiroulatisigo water where it is then taken to

an absorpticm chiller where U M heat is taken out

of the water. From there it goes to the remote

fan c o U units. —,|

All sdLar systems need auxiliary systems.

For Eagle's Nest tlw back up heating is provided

by electrical radiant heating in the floor slabs.

I, ifa! To prevent e(»idensation an the glass surfaces, nnall

U-remote fans blow rising hot air onto the glass.

r Auxiliary cooling is is>oviiled by natural ventilation.

Openings at the bases of the perimeter walls and at

the tops of glass roofs allow Uie flow of air

from bottom to ibp, allowing for the constant moro-

ment of air and the escape of the hot air. , •.•'If, •

The sign is a reproducticm of the logo

used in this program and is located at the parking

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it entrance and at the entrance on the dock of the

•aaway. Special effects include a 100 contizstous

itt music system with remote sound board, laser

^ t shows for the lounge, a mirroaned danee floor,

d a large thiriyt-three foot diameter eoofvaz mirror

,tached to the bottom of the "Nest" so no matter

lere you are sittingêxoept for in the "Nest", you

n look to the mirror and see the dance floor which

ts as a stags for special performances and shows.

The design offers seatii^ in the lounge

•eas for up te 600 people for either private, cr

nd.-private areas. The restaurant offers seating

XT mp to 00 people, including a balcoi^ level or

itdoor terraced diiiii« during good weather. A moltiîds

' experimees sMaite the patrons Eagle's Sest

'ovidiag tiksa a unique and exhilarating atmospherei

lat they will not socm forget.

\te>

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