New light on Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization: Rewriting Itihāsa of Bhāratam Janam (Rigveda 3.53.12)

S. Kalyanaraman

Itihasa Sankalana Yojana

December 20, 2015

Rebirth of Vedic River Sarasvati in Dharma-Dhamma राषटर मRashtram spanning the Himalayas & Hindumahasagarहिनदमिासागर पररवार

As the brilliant engineers of Bharatam rewrite history by making the Vedic River Sarasvati flow again through interlinking with Sharada river (across an aqueduct crossing Ganga-Yamuna rivers) and joining reborn Sarasvati, it is an occasion for re-enacting the Pariyatra of Balarama described in Salya parvaof Mahabharata, from Somnath, Prabhas Patan to Plaksha Prasravana, the glacial source of Maa Sarasvati.

This engineering marvel will be matched by the rediscovery of the Pitr-s, ancestors of Bharatam Janam, the heritage of metalcasting with cire perdue(lost-wax technique) and creation of new metal alloys and the Prakritamwhich was the lingua franca of the nation from 8th millennium BCE will reunite the nation in Indian sprachbund (language union) and firmly anchor the indigenous origins of Bharatiya Sabbyataa, Vedic traditions and adoration of dharma-dhamma.

Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization sites: Landsat image shows bheda of River Sarasvati at Anupgarh(Binjor)

Anupgarh (Binjor)

Indian Remote Sensing IRS Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS) image showing palaeochannel signature --From Himalayas to Rann of Kutch, Gujarathttps://www.academia.edu/9339358/RIVER_SARASWATI_AN_INTEGRATED_STUDY_BASED_ON_REMOTE_SENSING_and_GIS_TECHNIQUES_Prepared_By_Regional_Remote_Sensing_Centre_RRSC-W River Saraswati: an integrated study based on remote sensing & GIS techniques (RRSC, JodhpurJuly 2014)

Worship of Sivalinga, Harappa, Mohenjodaro

Tre-foil inlay decorated base (for linga icon?); smoothed, polished pedestal of dark red stone; National

Museum of Pakistan, Karachi; After Mackay 1938: I, 411; II, pl. 107:35; Parpola, 1994, p. 218.

Two decorated bases and a lingam, Mohenjodaro.

Lingam, grey sandstone in situ, Harappa, Trench Ai, Mound F, Pl. X (c) (After Vats). "In an earthenware jar, No. 12414, recovered from Mound F, Trench IV,

Square I... in this jar, six lingams were found along with some tiny pieces of shell, a unicorn seal, an oblong grey sandstone block with polished surface, five

stone pestles, a stone palette, and a block of chalcedony..." (Vats, MS, 1940, Excavations at Harappa, Vol. II, Calcutta, p. 370) "In the adjoining Trench Ai, 5 ft.

6 in. below the surface, was found a stone lingam [Since then I have found two stone lingams of a larger size from Trenches III and IV in this mound. Both of

them are smoothed all over]. It measures 11 in. high and 7 3/8 in. diameter at the base and is rough all over.’ (Vol. I, pp. 51-52)." Shiva Lingas at Harappa,

dating more than 5,000 years old. Worship of Sivalingam has continued for millennia, uninterrupted.

Hieroglyphs on the priest statue

Two strands (pair of dotted-circles)

Three strands (three dotted-circles as a trefoil)

Single strand (one dotted-circle)

These orthographic variants provide semantic elucidations for a single: dhātu, dhāū, dhāv 'red stone mineral' or two

minerals: dul PLUS dhātu, dhāū, dhāv 'cast minerals' or tri- dhātu, -dhāū, -dhāv 'three minerals' to create metal

alloys'. The artisans producing alloys are dha vaḍ m. ʻa caste of iron -- smeltersʼ, dhāvḍī ʻcomposed of or relating to

ironʼ)(CDIAL 6773)..

dām 'rope, string' rebus: dhāu 'ore' rebus: मढा [mēḍhā] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl

(Marathi). Rebus: meḍ 'iron, copper' (Munda. Slavic) mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Munda).

Semantics of single strand of rope and three strands of rope are: 1. Sindhi dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to

time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, Lahnda dhāī˜ id.; 2. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ (RigVeda).

mũh 'a face' in Indus Script Cipher signifies mũh, muha 'ingot' or muha 'quantity of metal produced at one time in a

native smelting furnace.'

Potr ‘purifier priest’ (Rigveda) ப ோறறி pōṟṟi ப ோததி pōtti Brahman temple-priest of Malabar (Malayalam. Tamil)

हवशवाहमतरसय रकषहि बरहमद भारिम जनम (RV 3.53.12)य इम रोदसी उभ अि इनद अिषटव

हवशवाहमतरसय रकषहि बरहमद भारि जनम

ya ime rodasī ubhe aham indram atuṣṭavam |

viśvāmitrasya rakṣati brahmedam bhārataṃ janam || (RV 3.53.12)

Translation (Sayana, Wilson): I have made Indra glorified by these two, heaven and earth, and this prayer of Viśvāmitra protects the race of Bharata. [Made Indra glorified: indram atus.t.avam-- the verb is the third preterite of the casual, I have caused to be praised; it may mean: I praise Indra, abiding between heaven and earth, i.e. in the firmament].

भरि (p. 603) [ bharata ] n A factitious metal compounded of copper, pewter, tin &c भरिी (p. 603) [ bharatī ] a Composed of the metal भरि. भरिाचभाड (p. 603) [ bharatācē mbhāṇḍēṃ ] n A vessel made of the metal भरि. 2 See भररिाच भाड. (Marathi)

Thus, भारिम जनम can also be translated as ‘metalcaster folk’. The decipherment of Indus Script inscriptions shows that the language spoken by people was Prakritam (Mleccha, spoken form of chandas which was the literary, grammatical form)

The metalcaster folk, भारिम जनम were Sarasvati’s children, and ancestors, pitr-s of present-day Bharatiya-s.

Identity of the founders of the civilization is firmly proved as भारिम जनम . The language they spoke was Prakritam, the mother of all present-day languages of भारिम जनम -- all Aryan, Dravidian and Munda language streams flow from this Indian language union called sprachbund.(linguistic area).

This finding nails the falsehood of Aryan-Munda-Dravidian language divide.

This language of seafaring merchants, of Bhārataṃ janam who created the Indus Script Corpora was called Meluhha on a cylinder seal

The rollout of Shu-ilishu's Cylinder seal. Courtesy of the Department des Antiquites Orientales, Musee du Louvre, Paris. A Mesopotamian cylinder seal referring to the personal translator of the ancient Indus or Meluhan language, Shu-ilishu, who lived around 2020 BCE during the late Akkadian period. http://a.harappa.com/content/shu-ilishus-cylinder-

seal. The cuneiform inscription has been interpreted: ‘S’u-ilis’u, Meluhha interpreter’, i.e. translator of the Meluhhanlanguage (EME.BAL.ME.LUH.HA.KI)

Rosetta stone which exemplifies Indus Script Cipher

I submit that the Shu-ilishu cylinder seal of the Meluhha interpreter is an exemplar of Indus Script Cipher because of the ‘goat/antelope’ carried by the Meluhhanmerchant and the ‘kamandalu’ carried by his accompanying partner. The liquid measure carried by her is ranku which is read rebus: ranku ‘tin’. The ‘goat/antelope’ carried by the merchant is mlekh ‘goat’ rebus: milakkhu ‘copper’ (Pali). The Samskritam form of this lexis entry is mleccha (mukha) ‘copper’. This proves the argument that Meluhha = Mleccha, as a phonetic variant. The ‘goat/antelope’ is a phonetic determinant of the language of the Meluhhamerchant: mlekh ‘goat’ rebus: meluhha ‘copper(metal)worker or Meluhha speaker (of Indian sprachbund)’.

Aryan Invasion Theory is false. Migrations from Sarasvati valley (Baudhayana Srautasutra)

"Translation of BSS XIII.44: Ayu

migrated eastwards. His (people) are

the Kuru-Pancalas and the Kasi-

Videhas. This is the Ayava (migration).

Amavasu migrated westwards. His

(people) are the Ghandhari, Parsu and

Aratta. This is the Amavasu

(migration).

"According to the correct translation,

there was no movement of the Aryan

people from anywhere in the north-

west. On the other hand, the evidence

indicates that it was from an

intermediary point that some of the

Aryan tribes went eastwards and other

westwards.

At Binjor (Anupgarh), a fire-altar with a yaṣṭiयहषटmade of an octagonal brick; Binjor seal, zebu (Bosindicus statue) were discovered in March 2015

gaNDa 'four' Rebus: khaNDa 'metal implements'

aya ancu khaNDa 'metallic iron alloy implements'.

koḍi ‘flag’ (Ta.)(DEDR 2049). Rebus 1: koḍ ‘workshop’ (Kuwi) Rebus

2: khŏḍ m. ‘pit’, khöḍü f. ‘small pit’ (Kashmiri. CDIAL 3947)

करणड m. a sort of duck -- f. ʻ a partic. kind of bird ʼ; S. karaṛa --

ḍhī˜gu m. ʻ a very large aquatic bird ʼ(CDIAL

2787) Rebus: karaḍā 'hard alloy'

kõda 'young bull, bull-calf' rebus: kõdā 'to turn in a lathe'; kōnda 'engraver,

lapidary'; kundār 'turner'.

Hieroglyph: saghāṛɔ 'lathe'.(Gujarati) Rebus: sangara 'proclamation 'metallic

iron alloy implements, hard alloy workshop'

Aya ‘metal’ a s (amśu) ‘stalks’ Rebus: aya ‘metal’ ancu ‘iron’.

पोळ (p. 534) [ pōḷa ] Zebu, m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and

set at large (Marathi) Rebus: pōḷa ’magnetite ferrite ore’.

Rosetta stone which defines Indus Script Cipher & abiding cultural traditions: Pola festival of Dhanoje Kunbis

The Bhirrana evidence of a ‘dance-step’ as a hieroglyph inscribed on a pot defines Indus Script Cipher which is signified not only on hypertexts but on ‘objects’ themselves as utsava bera, objects carried as proclamations on processions. The same dance-step hieroglyph of Bhirrana appears on a dance-step shown on a bronze cire perduestatue from Mohenjo-daro. There is evidence of the hieroglyphs being carried on processions, a practice which survives even today during the annual Pola festivals. poLa ‘zebu’ Rebus: poLa ‘magnetite’ is released as a signifier of the memories of ancestors who have bequeathed an abiding cultural tradition. Daimabad bronzes evidence processions of hieroglyphs of bulls, elephant, rhinoceros, buffalo carried on toy carts.

Processions of Indus Script Hieroglyphs (On inscribed tablets). Pola festival photograph (1916), celebrated by Dhanoje Kunbis. Daimabad zebu chariot. Daimabad buffalo, rhinoceros, elephant on wheels.

Terracotta cake found in Kalibangan fire-altarPl. XXII B. Terracotta cake with incised figures on obverse and reverse, Harappan. On one side is a human figure wearing a head-dress having two horns and a plant in the centre; on the other side is an animal-headed human figure with another animal figure, the latter being dragged by the former.

Decipherment of hieroglyphs on the Kalibangan terracotta cake:

bhaTa 'warrior' rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'

kolmo 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

koD 'horn' rebus: koD 'workshop'

kola 'tiger' rebus: kolle 'blacksmith', kolhe 'smelter' kol 'working in

iron‘ kolimi ‘smithy, forge’

Thus, the terracotta cake inscription signifies a iron workshop

smelter/furnace and smithy.

Relief with Ekamukha linga on a yaṣṭi यहषट. Mathura. 1st cent. CE. Metalwork catalogue.

Hieroglyph: kuTi 'tree' rebus: kuThi 'smelter‘, ‘kiln’. In this composition, the artists is

depicting the smelter used for smelting to create mũh 'face' (Hindi) rebus: mũhe 'ingot'

(Santali) of mēḍha 'stake' rebus: meḍ 'iron, metal' (Ho. Munda). मड (p. 662) [ mēḍa

] f (Usually मढ q. v.) मडका m A stake, esp. as bifurcated. मढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] f A

forked stake. Used as a post. Hence a short post generally whether forked or

not. मढा (p. 665) [ mēḍhā ] m A stake, esp. as forked. 2 A dense arrangement of

stakes, a palisade, a paling. मढी (p. 665) [ mēḍhī ] f (Dim. of मढ) A small bifurcated

stake: also a small stake, with or without furcation, used as a post to support a cross

piece. Rebus: meḍ, ebus: meḍ 'iron, metal' (Ho. Munda)

mũh 'face' (Hindi) rebus: mũhe 'ingot' (Santali) mũha = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native

smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little

pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little

pointed at each of four ends;kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron

(Santali). kharva is a dwarf; kharva is a nidhi of Kubera. karba 'iron' (Tulu)

यहषट = Yajna (Panini)

From the Illustrated London News - A "Sheffield of Ancient India: Chanhu-Daro's Metal Working Industry 10 x photos of copper knives, spears , razors, axes and dishes.” (Ernest Mackay)

Rosetta stone which validates Indus Script CipherLeopard lead-weight of Shahi Tump (Baluchistan), produced using cire perdue technique of metal

casting. Indus Script hieroglyphs which list the resources used in metal casting:

karaDa ‘leopard’ Rebus: karaDa ‘hard alloy’ mlekh ‘goat’ Rebus: milakkhu ‘copper’

Ancient Near East cylinder seal: catalogue of metalworkThere are two Railway stations in India called Dharwad and Ib. Both are related to Prakritam words with the semantic significance: iron worker, iron ore.dha vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ (Marathi)(CDIAL 6773)

ib 'iron' (Santali) karba 'iron'; ajirda karba 'native metal iron' (Tulu) karabha 'trunk of elephant' Rebus: karba 'iron' ibha'elephant' Rebus: ib 'iron ore' (Santali) The gloss ajirda (Tulu) is cognate with aduru, ayas. Hence, it is likely that the gloss ayas of Rigveda signifies native, unsmelted metal of iron ore.

Glazed steatite . Cylinder seal. 3.4cm high; imported from Indus valley. Tell Asmar (Eshnunna), Iraq. Rhinoceros, elephant, crocodile (lizard? ).Elephant, rhinoceros, crocodile hieroglyphs: ib'elephant' Rebus: ib 'iron' kANDa 'rhinoceros' Rebus: kANDa 'iron implements' karA 'crocodile' Rebus: khAr 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)

Locations of iron ore mines, BharatDharvad: The place is located in the region of hematite (iron ore) -- e.g. Sandur taluk

Ib, the station derives its name from Ib river flowing nearby. Ib railway station came up with the opening of the Nagpur-Asansol main line of Bengal Nagpur Railway in 1891. It became a station on the crosscountry Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line in 1900 In 1900, when Bengal Nagpur Railway was building a bridge across the Ib River, coal was accidentally discovered in what later became Ib Valley Coalfield

Seal impression, Bogazkoy, 18th cent. BCE: Two-headed eagle, a twisted cord below.(Museum Ankara). eruvai 'kite' Rebus: eruva 'copper' dhAtu 'strands of rope' Rebus: dhAtu 'mineral' (Note the three strands of the rope hieroglyph); it is read: tridhAtu 'three mineral elements'). It signifies copper compound of three minerals; maybe, arsenic copper? or arsenic bronze, as distinct from tin bronze?

Hieroglyph: धाि m. layer,stratum Ka1tyS3r. Kaus3. constituent part , ingredient (esp. [ and in RV. only] ifc. , where often = " fold " e.g. हतर-ध/आि , threefold &c ; cf.हतरहवहषट , सपतस) RV. TS. SBr. dhāˊtu *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.).; S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f.(CDIAL 6773) Rebus: M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dha vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; (CDIAL 6773) धाि primary element of the earth i.e. metal , mineral, ore (esp. a mineral of a red colour) Mn.MBh &c element of words i.e. grammatical or verbal root or stem Nir. Pra1t. MBh. &c (with the southern Buddhists धाि means either the 6 elements [see above] Dharmas.xxv ; or the 18 elementary spheres [धाि-लोक] ib. lviii ; or the ashes of the body , relics L. [cf. -गभभ])

Copper and arsenic ores

Ore name Chemical formula

Arsenopyrite FeAsS

Enargite Cu3AsS4

Olivenite Cu2(AsO4)OH

Tennantite Cu12As4S13

Malachite Cu2(OH)2CO3

Azurite Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2

Sulfide deposits frequently are a mix of different metal

sulfides, such as copper, zinc, silver, lead, arsenic and

other metals. (Sphalerite (ZnS2), for example, is not

uncommon in copper sulfide deposits, and the metal

smelted would be brass, which is both harder and more

durable than bronze.)The metals could theoretically be

separated out, but the alloys resulting were typically

much stronger than the metals individually.

m1406 Seal using three-stranded rope: dhAtuRebus: iron ore.ḍhōla m. ʻ large drum ʼ Rudray. 2. *ḍhōlla -- . [Only OAw. definitely

attests -- l -- ]1. Gy. pal. daul ʻ drum ʼ, Paš. ḍūl (← Par. ḍuhūl IIFL iii 3,

65), Kho. (Lor.) dol, K. ḍōl m., kash. ḍhōl, L. P. Ku. N. A. B. ḍhol,

OAw. ḍhora m., H. ḍhol m. -- Ext. -- kk -- : L. ḍholkī f. ʻ small drum ʼ,

Ku. ḍholko, H. ḍholak f.2. Pk. ḍholla -- m., Or. ḍhola, Mth. Bhoj. Aw.

lakh. Marw. G. M. ḍhol m. *ḍhōlla -: S.kcch. ḍholkī f. ʻ small drum ʼ; WPah.kṭg. ḍhōˋl m. ʻ large drum ʼ, ḍhòlki f. ʻ small drum ʼ,ḍhòlkɔ m. ʻ drum ʼ; -- WPah.kṭg. ḍhòllu ʻ drummer ʼ.(CDIAL 5608) dolutsu 'tumble' (Telugu) Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’karaḍa 'double-drum' Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy'.

Kalibangan seal. k020 Hieroglyphs: thread of three strands + water-carrier + one-horned young bull.

Girsu (Tlloh)archaeological find. 11 ft. tall copper plated flagpost. This may relate to a period when Girsu (ca. 2900-2335 BCE) was the capital of Lagash at the time of Gudea. Proclamation of metals caravensarai.Red jasper H. 1 1/8 in. (2.8 cm), Diam. 5/8 in. (1.6 cm) cylinder Seal with four hieroglyphs and four kneeling persons (with six curls on their hair) holding flagposts, c. 2220-2159 B.C.E., Akkadian (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Cylinder Seal (with modern impression).

The reedpost with scarf occurs in a pair: dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' and denotes the warehouse which receives ingots of cast metal.

The reedpost with ring occurs on a jasper cylinder seal with four holders of four reedposts. The holders have six locks of hair as semantic determinatives. Hieroglyph: पड [ pēṇḍēṃ ] n (पड) A loop or ring.Rebus: पठ or पठ (p. 527) [ pēṭha or pēṇṭha ] f ( H) A manufacturing or trading town, an emporium, a mart: also a markettown. pēṭhpēṭaka 'caravanserai'. The hieroglyph multiplexed signify a caravensarai from a trading emporium or trading town of copper, metal implements and products from smithy/forge. Hieroglyph: baTa 'six' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace.Hieroglyph: मढा (p. 665) [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.(Marathi. Molesworth)Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.). Thus the hieroglyph multiplex signifies iron furnace.

A soldier and a Mari dignitary who carries the standard of Mari. Detail of a victory parade, from the Ishtar temple, Mari, Syria. 2400 BCE Schist panel inlaid with mother of pearl plaques. Louvre Museum.

One reedpost has a 'scarf' hieroglyph ligatured at the top (the context of metalwork is seen from a 'fish' hieroglyph: aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'metal'). This reedost is seen on Warkavase. Another reedpost has a 'ring' hieroglyph ligatured at the top. A flagpost is seen on a Gudea cup, held by Mus-hussu(dragon):

अयस--काणड m. n. " a quantity of iron " or " excellent iron " , (g.कसका*हद q.v.)( Pa1n2. 8-3 , 48)

Rosetta stone (4) which validates Indus Script Cipher

A clay storage pot was discovered in Susa (Acropole mound), Old Elamite period, ca. 2500-2400 BCE

(H. 20 1/4 in. or 51 cm.) now in Musee du Louvre, Paris which displayed a fish hieroglyph on the rim.

The pot which also had a lid, contained metal tools, and weapons. Hieroglyph: aya 'fish' Rebus: aya

'iron' (Gujarati) ayas 'metal' (Rigveda)

Sb 2723 (After Harper, Prudence Oliver, Joan Aruz, Francoise Tallon, 1992, The Royal city of Susa:

Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre, Metropolitan Musem of Art, New York.)

Rosetta stone (3) which validates Indus Script CipherTin ingots in the Museum of Ancient Art of the Municipality of Haifa, Israel (left #8251, right #8252). The ingots each bear two inscribed Cypro-Minoan markings. (Note: I have argued that the inscriptions were Meluhhahieroglyphs (Indus writing) denoting ranku 'tin' dhatu 'ore'. See: The Bronze Age Writing System of Sarasvati Hieroglyphics as Evidenced by Two “Rosetta Stones” By S. Kalyanaraman in: Journal of Indo-Judaic Studies Volume 1: Number 11 (2010), pp. 47-74.)

ranku 'liquid measure'; ranku 'antelope' Rebus: ranku 'tin' (Santali) dhatu 'cross' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' (Santali).

• Hieroglyph: ran:ku = liquid measure (Santali) Rebus: ran:ku = tin (Santali)

• Hieroglyph: ran:ku a species of deer; ran:kuka (Skt.)(CDIAL 10559).

• Hieroglyph: dāṭu = cross (Telugu) Rebus: dhatu = mineral (Santali)

• Hindi. dhāṭnā ‘to send out, pour out, cast (metal)’ (CDIAL 6771).

These two hieroglyphs were inscribed on two tin ingots discovered in port of Dor south of Haifa from an ancient shipwreck.

Inscribed tin ingot with a moulded head, from Haifa (Artzy, 1983: 53). (Michal Artzy, 1983, Arethusa of the Tin Ingot, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, BASOR 250, pp. 51-55) An additional hieroglyph on this third tin ingot is : human face. Hieroglyph: mũhe ‘face’ (Santali) Rebus: mũh ‘ingot’ (Santali). mũhopening or hole (in a stove for stoking (Bi.); ingot (Santali) mũh metal ingot (Santali) mũhã = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolheshave to-day produced pig iron (Santali).

Indus Script Corpora of ca 7000 inscriptions

The inscriptions of the civilization are catalogus catalogorum of metalwork.Red jasper cylinder Seal four hieroglyphs are: from l. to r. 1. crucible PLUS storage pot of ingots, 2. sun, 3. narrow-necked pot with overflowing water, 4. fish A hooded snake is on the edge of the composition. (The dark red color of jasper reinforces the semantics: eruvai 'dark red, copper' Hieroglyph: eruvai 'reed'; see four reedposts held.

Girsu (Telloh) ca. 2900-2335 BCE), capital of Lagash at the time of Gudea.11 ft. tall copper plated flagpost.

Tall flagpost carried by kneeling persons with six locks of hair: baTa 'six' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace'. Associated with nAga 'serpent' Rebus: nAga 'lead‘aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati) ayas 'metal' (Rigveda)dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻa partic. soft red stoneʼ (Marathi)(whence dha vaḍ m. ʻa caste of iron -- smeltersʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ);dhātu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼIf the hieroglyph on the leftmost is moon, a possible rebus reading: ḳamarقمر A ḳamar, s.m. (9th) Theقمر moon. Sing. and Pl. See orسپوږمي (سپوګمي Pashto) Rebus: kamar'blacksmith‘Assamese. kulā ʻ winnowing fan, hood of a snake ʼ(CDIAL 3350) Rebus: kol ‘working in iron’ kolle‘blacksmith’ kolhi ‘smelters’ kole.l ‘smithy, forge, temple’ (Kota)

1. Hieroglyph: OP. koṭhārī f.

ʻ crucible ʼ(CDIAL 3546) Rebus: koṭhār 'treasury, warehouse'

2. Hieroglyph: arka 'sun' (Kannada) Rebus: arka, eraka'copper, moltencast'

3. Hieroglyph: overflowing pot: lokhaNDa 'overflowing pot' Rebus: lokhANDa'metalware, pots and pans of metal, metal implements'

4. Hieroglyph: aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'metal' (Rigveda)

Nahal Mishmar crown hieroglyphs

*skabha ʻ post, peg ʼ. [√skambh] Kal. Kho. iskow ʻ peg ʼ

BelvalkarVol 86 with (?). SKAMBH ʻmake firmʼ (CDIAL

13638). A skabha, 'peg' together with hieroglyphs of aquatic

bird adorn the cire perdue crown found in Nahal Mishmar.

kole.l 'smithy' rebus: kole.l 'temple'; dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'cast

metal'; karandava [ kârandava ] m. kind of duck. कारणड a sort

of duck R. vii , 31 , 21 கரணடம karaṇṭam, n.

Rebus: karaḍā ‘hard alloy’; skabha 'peg' rebus: skambh 'make

firm'.

Nahal Mishmar 5th millennium BCE, crown copperkōḍů, kōḍu horn (Tulu) Rebus: koṭ m. ʻfort, rampartʼ, ‘workshop’Dula ‘two’ Rebus: dul ‘cast metal’कारडव [kāraṇḍava ] m A drake or sort of duck. Rebus: karaḍā ‘hard alloy’ (Marathi)

Nausharo sindhur on māng terracotta toys, yoga posture toys of ca. 2500 BCE, use

of s’ankha ca. 6500 BCE; s’ankha-cutter using 25 kg bronze saw evidence cultural

continuum of Bhāratam Janam whose parole (speech) was Prākritam.

Mehergarh. Burial ornaments made of shell and stone disc beads, and turbinella pyrum (sacred conch, s’an:kha) bangle, Tomb MR3T.21, Mehrgarh, Period 1A, ca. 6500 BCE. The nearest source for this shell is Makran coast near Karachi, 500 km. South. [After Fig. 2.10 in Kenoyer, 1998]. S’ankha wide bangle and other ornaments, c. 6500 BCE (burial of a woman at Nausharo).

Mohenjo• -daro. National Museum. Delhi. 1. Deepa lakshmi 2. Dancing girl, bronze holding a deepam 3. Foot with anklet; copper alloy. Mohenjo-daro (After Fig. 5.11 in Agrawal. D.P. 2000. Ancient Metal Technology & Archaeology of South Asia.

Bhirrana• . Indus Script. Dance-step of dancing girl: karã n. pl. ʻ wristlets, bangles ʼ (Gujarati) Rebus: khAr 'blacksmith‘ meD'dance' (Remo) Rebus: meD ‘iron, copper’

meTTu• ‘step’ Rebus:

Cire-perdue (lost-wax) copper castings

Metalworker scribe supercargo hard alloy

• h1827a Harappa tablet with three hieroglyphs.

1.khareḍo ‘a currycomb’ Rebus:खरड kharaḍ 'scribe' करडा [ karaḍā ]Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) kharādī ‘ turner, a person who fashions or shapes objects on a lathe ’ (Gujarati) Alternative: kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (Gujjarati.) Rebus: kaṁsa= bronze (Telugu) kaṁsá1 m. ʻ metal cup ʼ AV., m.n. ʻ bell -- metal N. kasār ʻ maker of brass pots ʼ (CDIAL 2988).

2. kanka ‘rim-of-jar’ (Santali) karṇaka id. (Skt.) Rebus kaṇakku ‘account’ karṇaka

scribe (Skt.) karṇī ‘super cargo of a ship’ (Marathi).

3. kaśēru ‘the backbone’ (Bengali. Skt.); kaśēruka id. (Skt.) Rebus: kasērā metal worker ʼ (Lahnda)(CDIAL 2988, 2989)

Rosetta stone (1) which validates Indus Script Cipher

1. Indus Script Cipher -- Hieroglyhphs of Indian Linguistic Area(2010)2. Indus Script: Meluhha metalwork hieroglyphs (2014)

3. Philosophy of Symbolic forms in Meluhha cipher (2014)4. Indus Script Deciphered (2015)

Seal impression, Ur (Upenn; U.16747); dia. 2.6, ht. 0.9 cm.; Gadd, PBA 18 (1932), pp. 11-12, pl. II, no. 12; Porada 1971: pl.9, fig.5; Parpola, 1994, p. 183; water carrier with a skin (or pot?) hung on each end of the yoke across his shoulders and another one below the crook of his left arm; the vessel on the right end of his yoke is over a receptacle for the water; a star on either side of the head (denoting supernatural?). The whole object is enclosed by 'parenthesis' marks. The parenthesis is perhaps a way of splitting of the ellipse (Hunter, G.R., JRAS, 1932, 476). An unmistakable example of an 'hieroglyphic' seal. kuṭi‘water-carrier’ (Telugu); Rebus: kuṭhi ‘smelter furnace’ (Santali) kuṛī f. ‘fireplace’ (H.); krvṛI f. ‘granary (WPah.); kuṛī, kuṛo house, building’(Ku.)(CDIAL 3232) kuṭi‘hut made of boughs’ (Skt.) guḍi temple (Telugu) मढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] 'polar' star' Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Ho.Munda)

Source:

Cylinder seal of Ibni-Sharrum: hieroglyph-multiplex buffalo, curls of hair, overflowing pot

Cylinder Seal of Ibni-Sharrum Agade period, reign of Sharkali-Sharri (c. 2217-2193

BCE) Mesopotamia Serpentine H. 3.9 cm; Diam. 2.6 cm Formerly in the De Clercq

collection; gift of H. de Boisgelin,1967 AO 22303.

Hieroglyphs: buffalo, six curls, overflowing pot, adoration. lo ‘overflowing’ Rebus: loh ‘copper’; PLUS kand 'pot'

Rebus: kand ‘fire-altar'. Together, lōkhaṇḍa ‘metalware’.bhaṭā G. bhuvɔ m. ʻ worshipper in a temple ʼ rather < bhrta --

(CDIAL 9554) . Yājñ.com., Rebus: bhaṭā ‘kiln, furnace’

Numerical count of curls of hair: six: āra ‘six’ Rebus: āra-kūṭa, ‘brass’ : मढा [ mēḍhā ] 'a curl or snarl; twist in thread'

(Marathi) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) Thus, iron (copper) furnace. The gloss med means copper in Altaic

and Slavic languages.

m1656. Mohenjo-daro pectoral with two streams of water flowing out of pot. Hieroglyphs: overflowing

pot, young bull, standard device. Hieroglyph: overflowing pot Rebus: lōkhaṇḍa ‘metalware PLUS one-

horned young bull PLUS ‘standard device’: kõdā 'to turn in a lathe'; kōnda 'engraver, lapidary'; kundār'turner‘ PLUS sangara ‘proclamation’. : saghāṛɔ 'lathe'. ‘brazier’ (Gujarati) सागड [sāṅgaḍa] m f (सघटट S) f

A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together (Marathi). Rebus:

sangara ‘proclamation’. What is proclaimed in the catalogue? Signifying a gimlet creating perforations

on beads? kandi ‘beads’ Rebus: kanda ‘fire-altar’.

Rosetta stone which validates Indus Script CipherI suggest a hypothesis for further archaeometallurgical investigation that the world’s tin belt of Mekong delta was the principal source of supply of tin with the intermediation of Meluhha (Bharatam Janam) merchants. The evidence to support this hypothesis is the depiction of Indus Script hieroglyphs using cire perdue technique of metal casting on the tympanum of Dong Son Bronze Drums and the cultural significance of the spread of worship of Sivalinga in the Hinduised States of the Far East, exemplified by the inscribed Sivalinga (6 ft. tall) of Candi Sukuh and the discoveries of Sivalinga and Hindu temples in many places of the Far East including Laos (My San).

Hieroglyphs on Dong Son Bronze drums – all related to metalwork: peacock, elephant, fish, frog, egret (heron)

kebusŚ mKaribha ‘elephant trunk’ Rebus: karba ‘iron’, ib ‘iron’; aya ‘fish’ Rebus: ayas ‘metal, iron’; maraka 'peacock' arakaka loha 'copper alloy, calcining metal‘; S. kaṅgu m. ʻ crane, heron ʼ (→ Bal. kang); B. kã k ʻ Rebus: kang ‘brazier’; meNDaka'frog' rebus: meD 'iron';

Worship of Sivalinga, Harappa, Mohenjodaro

Tre-foil inlay decorated base (for linga icon?); smoothed, polished pedestal of dark red stone; National

Museum of Pakistan, Karachi; After Mackay 1938: I, 411; II, pl. 107:35; Parpola, 1994, p. 218.

Two decorated bases and a lingam, Mohenjodaro.

Lingam, grey sandstone in situ, Harappa, Trench Ai, Mound F, Pl. X (c) (After Vats). "In an earthenware jar, No. 12414, recovered from Mound F, Trench IV,

Square I... in this jar, six lingams were found along with some tiny pieces of shell, a unicorn seal, an oblong grey sandstone block with polished surface, five

stone pestles, a stone palette, and a block of chalcedony..." (Vats, MS, 1940, Excavations at Harappa, Vol. II, Calcutta, p. 370) "In the adjoining Trench Ai, 5

ft. 6 in. below the surface, was found a stone lingam [Since then I have found two stone lingams of a larger size from Trenches III and IV in this mound. Both

of them are smoothed all over]. It measures 11 in. high and 7 3/8 in. diameter at the base and is rough all over.’ (Vol. I, pp. 51-52)." Shiva Lingas at Harappa,

dating more than 5,000 years old. Worship of Sivalingam has continued for millennia, uninterrupted.

Worship of Fiery pillar of light, Amaravati stupa

Worshippers of a fiery pillar, Amaravati stupa.

Naga worshippers of fiery pillar, Amaravati stupa.

Skambha sukta (AV X.7) links Skambha (Sivalinga) with Rudras:22)Who out of many, tell me, is

that Skambha In whom Ādityas dwell, in whom Rudras and Vasus are contained, In whom the

future and the past and all the worlds are firmly set…

Bhutesvar sculptural frieze, 1st cent. BCE veneration, smelter, tree, gaNa. Linga, Fiery pillar of light, Skambhasukta.

Worship of linga by Gandharva, Shunga period (ca. 2nd cent. BCE),

ACCN 3625, Mathura Museum. Worship signified by dwarfs, Gaṇa

(hence Gaṇeśa = Gaṇa + īśa) .

Architectural fragment with relief showing winged dwarfs (or gaNa) worshipping with flower garlands, Siva Linga.

Bhuteshwar, ca. 2nd cent BCE. Lingam is on a platform with wall under a pipal tree encircled by railing. (Srivastava, AK,

1999, Catalogue of Saiva sculptures in Government Museum, Mathura: 47, GMM 52.3625) The tree is a phonetic

determinant of the smelter indicated by the railing around the linga: kuṭa, °ṭi -- , °ṭha -- 3, °ṭhi -- m. ʻ tree

ʼ Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'. kuṭa, °ṭi -- , °ṭha -- 3, °ṭhi -- m. ʻ tree ʼ lex., °ṭaka -- m. ʻ a kind of tree ʼ Kauś.Pk. kuḍa -- m. ʻ tree

ʼ; Paš. lauṛ. kuṛāˊ ʻ tree ʼ, dar. kaṛék ʻ tree, oak ʼ ~ Par. kōṛ ʻ stick ʼ IIFL iii 3, 98. (CDIAL 3228).

Atharva Veda (X.8.2) Skambha sukta declares that Heaven and Earth stand fast being pillared apart by the pillar. Like the

pillar, twilight of the dawn and dusk split apart the originally fused Heaven and Earth.

By sacrifice the gods worshipped (Prajāpati who is also) the sacrifice; those were the first duties. Those great ones became partakers of the heaven where the ancient deities the Sādhyas abide. (RV 10.90.16)

Dhammapada Verse 5 Kalayakkhini Vatthu. Gautama said:

Na hi verena verani

sammantidha kudacanam

averena ca sammantiesa dhammo sanantano.

Verse 5: Hatred is, indeed, never appeased by hatred in this world. It is appeased only by loving-kindness.

This is an ancient law.

What did the expression mean in the context of Vedic texts?

Dharma means social order, cosmic order. It is the ordering principle in both cosmic and consciousness

phenomena.

Sivalinga exemplifies metallurgical traditions of Bhāratam Janam

King Purushottama (Porus) presents Indian ukku (wootz -- Telugu) steel sword to Alexander in the battle on River Hydaspes (Jhelum, Vitasta) Painting in SAIL, Ranchi.

Another painting on same episode.

Intermixed ferrite and cementite alloys in the crucible steel of South India, 6th cent BCE

The purpose and significance of Indus Script Decipherment

The decipherment presented in an overview in this set of ppt slides unambiguously

Identifies the • pitr-s or ancestors of present-day Indian civilization;

Outlines metalwork lexis together with a homonym lexis of animals, objects such as lathes, portable •braziers used as hieroglyphs; the lexis partly defines the parole (speech) of the people who created the civilization;

Presents a framework for tracing the dharma• -dhamma traditions and cultural traditions tracing back from the textual evidences and archaeo-metallurgical artifacts practices such as worship of Sivalinga, of Nataraja as Cosmic dancer, veneration of s’ankha conches which produce the praNava anahatanaada of OM, celebration of marriage customs such as wearing sindhur (vermilion) on the maang (hair-parting) by married women, wearing of s’ankha bangles during marriage; and

Posits a poser for further • archaeo-metallurgical investigations to delineate the Maritime Tin Route from Hanoi, Vietnam to Haifa, Israel (to trace back the roots of the creation of Hinduised States of Ancient Far East documented by George Coedes).

The decipherment of the Indus Script Corpora as • catalogus catalogorum of metalwork highlights the contributions made by Bharatam Janam, lit. ‘metalcaster folk’ celebrated in the Rigveda to cire perduemetal casting methods and creation of new alloys such as pewter, brass, tin-bronzes, bharat (factitious alloy of copper, pewter, tin). This alloy seems to have given the name Bhāratam Janam to the people who demonstrate exquisite world-renowned steel swords one of which was presented to Alexander by Purushottama on the banks of Vitasta (Jhelum) and non-rusting iron pillar of Vidisha now in Delhi.

असतयततरसया हदहि दविातमा हिमालयो नाम नगाहधराजः।पवाभपरौ िोयहनधी हवगाहय सथििः पहिवया इव मानदणडः॥ १-१astyuttarasyāṁ diśi devatātmā himālayo nāma nagādhirājaḥ |pūrvāparau toyanidhī vigāhya sthitaḥ pṛthivyā iva mānadaṇḍaḥ || 1-1 (Kalidasa: Kumarasambhavam) The world’s greatest, growing water tower serving 2 billion people through perennial rivers – the ranges stretch from Hanoi, Vietnam to Teheran, Iran.

On the northern frontier of this country that forms the heartland of gods, intercalating himself into eastern and western oceans like a measuring rod of earth, there stands the sovereign of snowy mountains renowned as Mt. Himalaya. [1-1]

Hinduised States of the Ancient Far East (pace George Coedes, 1944) Histoire ancienne des états hindouisés d'Extrême-Orient Dharma – Dhamma

MahabharatamSheet• -anchor of Bharatiya Itihas: Janajaati TraditionsVeda Vyasa the observer: Banks of •River SarasvatiThe most accurately dated historical •document in the hisory of human civilization with over 150 skymaps

A skymap from Mahabharata

Locus: आसि हिमाचलम – FromIndian Ocean to HimalayasVermilion on conch shells

Libation vessels made of the conch shell Turbinella pyrum. One of these is decorated with vermilion filled incised lines. A single spiraling design is carved around the apex and a double incised line frames the edge of the orifice. This type of vessel was used in later times for ritual libations and for administering sacred water or medicine to patients.

Material: marine shell, Turbinella pyrumDimensions of the left vessel: 11.4 cm length, 5.4 cm width, 4.7 cm height.Mohenjo-daro, DK 8538Mohenjo-daro Museum, 52.2114, MM5073Kenoyer 1983: 183-4, fig. 3-15, 5. http://www.harappa.com/indus/85.html

पाचजनय ( [ pāñcajanya ] m (S) The िख or conch of हवषण. : Mahabharata and Bhagavatam Vishnu holds panchajanya in left hand

12/21/2015 44

Rama Setu in sculptures (9th and 10th centuries CE)

Stone steles from the Ramayana wall carvings at •Prambanan Temple, Java, Indonesia (built during the ninth and tenth centuries Common Era). Classical Javanese dance performances of the Ramayana are held seasonally at Prambanan temple. A 2006 earthquake in Central Java, however, caused considerable damage to the World Heritage Site.

Devi Sita talking to Sri Hanuman•

Vaanara Sena carrying stones, in their arms and on •their heads, to build Rama Setu, followed by Sri Rama, carrying a sword.

Fish and other sea creatures handling stones from •Rama's bridge to Lanka, during the construction of Nala Setu (Rama Setu).

Source: •http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/2616

Hanuman speaks to Sita in the language of the common man (maanushamvaakyam arthavat)

Prambanan, S’iva temple: Sculptural narratives from Ramayana

Bakong: 5-level S’iva mandiram

Indian sprachbund languages bronze-age sites

Bronze Age sites of eastern India and neighbouring areas: 1. Koldihwa; 2.Khairdih; 3. Chirand; 4. Mahisadal; 5. Pandu Rajar Dhibi; 6.Mehrgarh; 7. Harappa;8. Mohenjo-daro; 9.Ahar; 10. Kayatha; 11.Navdatoli; 12.Inamgaon; 13. Non PaWai; 14. Nong Nor;15. Ban Na Di andBan Chiang; 16. NonNok Tha; 17. Thanh Den; 18. Shizhaishan; 19. Ban Don Ta Phet [After Fig. 8.1 in: Charles Higham, 1996, The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia, Cambridge University Press].

Pinnow Map which presents these language areas correlates with the map showing Bronze Age sites: Hence the map denotes the areas where Meluhha was the lingua franca of the Bronze Age artisans and traders.

Rakesh Tiwari, 2003, Origins of iron working in India: new evidence from the Central Ganga plain and Eastern Vindhyas, pp.536-545 ca. BCE 1800 Lohar dewa, Malhar, Raja Nal ka Tala Circular clay furnace, comprising iron slag and tuyures and other waste materials stuck with its body, exposed at Lohsanwa mound, Period II, Malhar, Dist. Chandaulihttp://www.antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/tewari/tewari.pdf

Metaphor: Asura & Deva cooperate to churn the ocean resources in a joint maritime enterprise. Ellora painting, Bangkok Airport sculpture

Gangaikondcholapuram: unites Ganga and Cholaganga, pushkarini of temple built by Rajaraja, as a mini Brihadisvara Temple. In a sculpture, Somaskanda adorns the king with a crown made from the snake taken from his neck.

राषटर म Re-institution of United Indian Ocean Statesहिनदमिासागर पररवार a Dharma-Dhamma bound socio-economic 10 trillion$ powerhouse to take the region to fair-share of world GDP which it had in 1CE

George Coedes, Histoire ancienne

des Etats hindouises d'Extreme-

Orient,1944 (Ancient History of the

Hinduised States of Far East)

Ananda Coomaraswamy’s works