∞Ú¯·›Ô˜ Ó·fi˜

Î·È ÎÚ‹ÓË ÛÙË ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ·

™ÙË ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Ù˘ ªÂÚ¤-ÓÙ·˜, 800 Ì. ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜, ÂÓÙÔ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰ÔÎÈ-Ì·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ̤˜ Ù· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘ Ì ˆÚÔ-

Ï›ÓıÔ˘˜, Ô˘ Ë Î¿ÙÔ„‹ ÙÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ Ó·Ô‡.1 ∞ÎÔÏÔ‡ıˆ˜ ÏfiÁˆ ·˘-ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ Â˘ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, Ô ¯ÒÚÔ˜ Á‡Úˆ ·fi ·˘Ùfi, Û ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 4 ÛÙÚÂÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ, Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂ-Ù·È fiÙÈ ÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ·Ú¯·›Ô ÂÚ›‚ÔÏÔ, ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ıËΠ·fi Ù· ¤ÚÁ· ÙÔ˘ √Ï˘ÌÈ·ÎÔ‡πÈÎÔ‡ ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ˘, ÒÛÙ ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ Ó· ÂÚ¢ÓËı› Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈο.

√ ·Ú¯·›Ô˜ Ó·fi˜

∂Ӊ›ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Î¿ÔÈÔ˘ ‰ËÌoÛ›Ô˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ‹Úı·Ó ÛÙÔʈ˜ fiÙ·Ó Ë ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËΠÙÔ 1999 ÂÓÙfiÈÛ ‰È¿Û·Ú-Ù· ıÚ·‡ÛÌ·Ù· ÎÂÚ·ÌÈ΋˜, ·ÓıÂ̈Ùfi ËÁÂÌfiÓ· Î·Ï˘Ù‹Ú· ηÈ, Û ۇÁ¯ÚÔÓÔ Ì·ÓÙÚfi-ÙÔȯÔ, Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÓfiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘, ÂÓÙÔȯÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÙÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ ‚¿ıÚÔ˘ ·Ó·ı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜,ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÈ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÚÌÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ÁÏ˘ÙÔ‡ ‹ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹˜.

√ Ó·fi˜ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌ‹ıËΠ۠¯·ÌËÏfi ¿Ó‰ËÚÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÎÏ·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ·ÔÙÂ-ÏÔ‡Û ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘. ™Â ·˘ÙfiÓ Û˘ÁÎÏ›ÓÔ˘Ó fiϘ ۯ‰fiÓ ÔÈ ·Ú¯·›Â˜Ô‰Ô› Ô˘ ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Á‡Úˆ ‰‹ÌÔ˘˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙ·,2 Ë ‰˘ÙÈ΋ԉfi˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ‰‹ÌÔ ∞ÁÁÂÏ‹, Ë ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ô‰fi˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ·Ú·Ï›·˜ (ºÈ-Ï·˝‰Â˜ Î·È ™ÙÂÈÚÈ¿), ÂÓÒ Ë Ô‰fi˜ Ô˘ η٤گÂÙ·È ·fi ÓfiÙÈ· (ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·ÁÈ¿˜Ù˘ ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ·˜) ÂÓÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ Î·È ·Ú¯·Èfiٷ٘ Ô‰Ô‡˜ Ô˘ ‰È¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·Ó·fi ÙÔÓ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙ· Î·È Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Û·Ó ·fi Ù· ªÂÛfiÁÂÈ· (ÙÔÓ ∞ÁÓÔ‡ÓÙ· Î·È ÙÔ˘˜¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˘˜) ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÏÈ̤ӷ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ·›·˜ (¶Ú·ÛȤ˜ Î·È ™ÙÂÈÚÈ¿).

1. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2003), 44-45.2. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2006), 171 Î.Â. ∆ËÓ ›‰È· ÂÈÎfiÓ· ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÌÂ Î·È Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÈÂ-

Úfi Ù˘ ¶·ÏÏËÓ›‰Ô˜ ∞ıËÓ¿˜, ‚Ï. °. ™Ù·˚Ó¯¿Ô˘ÂÚ, «∏ ÎÏ·ÛÛÈ΋ ªÂÛÔÁ·›·», ÛÙÔ ªÂÛÔÁ·›·, 84.

ŸÏÁ· ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, µ·Û›Ï˘ ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜

178

√. ∫∞∫∞µ√°π∞¡¡∏, µ. ∞ƒ°Àƒ√¶√À§√™

∆Ô ·Ú¯·›Ô ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ¤¯ÂÈ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌfi ·fi ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ÚÔ˜ ‰˘ÙÈο Î·È ÔÈ ‰È·-ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ˘ÔÏÔÁ›˙ÔÓÙ·È fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È 21×10 Ì. (∂ÈÎ. 1). ∂›Ó·È ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ ·fi ÓÙfiÈÔ ˆ-ÚfiÏÈıÔ Î·È ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Ô ÛÙÂÚÂÔ‚¿Ù˘ ÙÔ˘ Û ‡„Ô˜ ‰‡Ô ‰fïÓ, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó˘ÔÛÙ› ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÊıÔÚ¿, ΢ڛˆ˜ ·fi ÙË ‚·ıÈ¿ ¿ÚÔÛË Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÊÙ¿ÛÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ˘˜Î·ÙÒÙÂÚÔ˘˜ Ï›ıÔ˘˜.

∏ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÛÙÂÓ‹ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÎ·Ï˘Êı› Û fiÏÔ Ù˘ ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜(∂ÈÎ. 2), Ô˘ Â›Ó·È 10 Ì. Œ¯ÂÈ Ï¿ÙÔ˜ 1,85 Ì. Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ η̇ψÛË.™ÙÔÓ Î·ÙÒÙÂÚÔ ‰fiÌÔ Ù˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ›¯Ô˘ ÔÈ ˆÚfiÏÈÓıÔÈ Â›Ó·È«‰È¿ÙÔÓÔÈ», ÂÓÒ ÛÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ÔÈ Ï›ıÔÈ Â›Ó·È «‰ÚÔÌÈÎÔ›». ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ÛÙÔÓ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ‰fiÌÔ, Ô˘ ‰È·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ›¯Ô˘, ÔÈ Ï›ÓıÔÈ Â›Ó·È «‰ÚÔÌÈÎÔ›»ÛÙËÓ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ fi„Ë Î·È «‰È¿ÙÔÓÔÈ» ÛÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋.3 ∂›Û˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔ-ÔÈËı› Û‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔÈ. ∏ ‰˘ÙÈ΋ ÛÙÂÓ‹ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÂÓÙÔ›ÛıËΠ̠‰‡Ô ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ÙÔ̤˜ ηȉȷÈÛÙÒıËΠfiÙÈ ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È 21 Ì.

∞fi ÙË ÓfiÙÈ· Ì·ÎÚ¿ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ (∂ÈÎ. 3) ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎ·Ï˘Êı› ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ (·Ôοو) ‰fiÌÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ıÂÌÂÏ›Ô˘, ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Ë ‰È¿Ù·ÍË ÙˆÓ ˆÚÔÏ›ÓıˆÓÂ›Ó·È fiÌÔÈ· Ì ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô˘ ‰fiÌÔ˘ Ù˘ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜. ∆Ô Ï¿ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ›-Ó·È 1,80 Ì. Î·È Ë ¿Óˆ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÙˆÓ Ï›ÓıˆÓ (ÙˆÓ ‰È·Ùfi-ÓˆÓ), Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È, „ËÏfiÙÂÚ·, ÂÚ›Ô˘ 0,10 Ì. ·fi ÙËÓ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋, Â›Ó·È Ï·ÍÂ˘Ì¤-ÓË, ÒÛÙ ÙÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜, ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi, Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ‚·ıÌ›‰·, ËÔÔ›· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ Ù˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÙˆÓ Ï›ÓıˆÓ (ÙˆÓ ‰ÚÔÌÈÎÒÓ).∞fi ÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· Ì·ÎÚ¿ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ·ÔηχÊıËÎ·Ó ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù·.

™ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ·ÔηχÊıËΠÌÈÎÚfi ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ ÓfiÙÈÔ˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ÙÔ›¯Ô˘, Ô˘ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È Û ϛÁÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ‡„Ô˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÓfiÙÈÔ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ›¯Ô, ÌÂÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Â›Ó·È ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏÔ˜ Î·È ·¤¯ÂÈ ·fi ·˘ÙfiÓ 0,35 Ì. ™ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi Ô ÂÛˆ-ÙÂÚÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ¿ÏÏÔÓ ÂÁοÚÛÈÔ, Ô˘ ·¤¯ÂÈ 8,00 Ì. ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ-΋ fi„Ë ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Û ‰‡Ô ̤ÚË, ‚·ı‡ Úfi‰ÔÌÔ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Î·È ÛËÎfi9,00 Ì. ‚¿ıÔ˘˜ ÛÙ· ‰˘ÙÈο, Èı·ÓÒ˜ ÂÓÈ·›Ô. ¢ÂÓ ÛÒıËÎ·Ó Ï›„·Ó· ÙÔ˘ ‰·¤‰Ô˘.∂Âȉ‹ Ë ·Ó·Ûηʋ ‰ÂÓ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËΠ۠¤ÎÙ·ÛË Î·È Û ‚¿ıÔ˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ÂÚÈÔÚ›ÛÙË-ΠÛÙÔÓ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙË ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÙÔ˘, ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂȷ۷ʤ˜ ·Ó Ô Ó·fi˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›ÙÂÚÔ˜ Ì ÛÙÂÓfi ÛËÎfi, fiˆ˜ Ô ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ Ó·fi˜ Ù˘ ¡Â-

3. √ÚÏ¿Ó‰Ô˜ (1958), 228.

∂ÈÎ. 1. ∫¿ÙÔ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ Ó·Ô‡.

∞ƒÃ∞π√™ ¡∞√™ ∫∞π ∫ƒ∏¡∏ ™∆∏ ª∂ƒ∂¡∆∞

179

4. ¶ÂÙÚ¿ÎÔ˜ (1999), 225, ÂÈÎ. 137Ø Travlos (1988), 395, ›Ó. 495. 5. £Ú„ȿ‰Ë˜ (1961-62), 137-144Ø ¶··¯·Ù˙‹˜ (1981), ∞ÙÙÈο, 131, ÂÈÎ. 152Ø π. ∆Ú·˘Ïfi˜, «∆ÚÂȘ Ó·Ô›

Ù˘ ∞ÚÙ¤ÌȉԘ, ∞˘Ïȉ›·˜, ∆·˘ÚÔfiÏÔ˘ Î·È µÚ·˘ÚˆÓ›·˜», ÛÙÔ U. Jantsen (ÂÈÌ.), Neue Forschungenin griechischen Heiligtümern. Internationales Symposium (Olympia, 10-12 Oktober 1974, Tübingen1976), 197 Î.Â.

∂ÈÎ. 2. ∏ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘.

∂ÈÎ. 3. ∏ ÓfiÙÈ· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘.

̤Ûˆ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ƒ·ÌÓÔ‡ÓÙ· (ÙÚ›ÙÔ Ù¤Ù·ÚÙÔ ÙÔ˘ 5Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· .Ã.), Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Ê·›ÓÂ-Ù·È fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙȘ ›‰È˜ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ,4 ÚfiÛÙ˘ÏÔ˜, ‹ ·Ïfi˜ «ÂÓ ·Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂÈ», Ì ÂÛˆÙÂ-ÚÈ΋ ÎÈÔÓÔÛÙÔȯ›· fiˆ˜ ÔÈ Ó·Ô› Ù˘ µÚ·˘ÚˆÓ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ∞˘Ïȉ›·˜ ∞ÚÙ¤ÌȉԘ.5

180

√. ∫∞∫∞µ√°π∞¡¡∏, µ. ∞ƒ°Àƒ√¶√À§√™

ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÎÚ›‚ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘, Ì ‰ÔÎÈÌ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ̤˜,‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠfiÙÈ 60 Ì. ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ô‰fi˜ ‹ ·Ïfi˜ ·Ó·ÏËÌÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˜ ÌÂηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ·fi ÓfiÙÔ ÚÔ˜ ‚ÔÚÚ¿ Î·È Ï›„·Ó· ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÎÙÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÂÓÒ 30 Ì.‚fiÚÂÈ· ¿ÏÏÔ˜ ·Ó·ÏËÌÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ÂÚ›‚ÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡.™ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚fiÏÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂÓÙÔ›ÛıËÎ·Ó ¿ÏÏ· ÎÙ›ÛÌ·Ù· (ÛÙ· ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈοÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ‚ÚÂı› Î·È Ô ‚ˆÌfi˜), Û˘ÓÂϤÁË fï˜ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈ΋ ·Ú¯·˚ÎÒÓ,ÎÏ·ÛÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÂÏÏËÓÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ï˘¯Ó¿ÚÈ· ˘ÛÙÂÚÔÚڈ̷˚ÎÒÓ. ¶ÂÚ›Ù· 35 Ì. ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ·ÔηχÊıËΠÌÈÎÚfi ÎÚËÓ·›Ô ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÌ·.6

¶·Ú¿ ÙÔ fiÙÈ Ë ¤Ú¢ӷ ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË, ¿ÍÈÔ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹˜ fï˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ô‡ÙÂÛÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ô‡Ù ÛÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Á‡Úˆ ·fi ·˘ÙfiÓ ‚Ú¤ıËÎÂ, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ì¤Ó·ÌÂ,ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˘˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Óˆ‰ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÚ›·ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ÛÙ¤Á˘, Ù· ÔÔ›· ›¯·Ó ÚÈÊı› ̤۷ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Î›ÌÂÓË ·Ú¯·›· ÎÚ‹ÓËÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ù˘. µÚ¤ıËΠÙÔ ÎÔÚ˘Ê·›Ô ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓ˘ ·¤ÙÈ·˜ Û›-Ì˘ ΢ÚÙ‹˜ ‰È·ÙÔÌ‹˜ (∂ÈÎ. 4) Î·È ‰‡Ô ıÚ·‡ÛÌ·Ù· Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓˆÓ ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰ˆÓ (∂ÈÎ. 5),Ô˘ ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ Ó·fi Ô˘ ÂÓÙÔ›Û·ÌÂ. ∏ ·Ô˘Û›· ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈ-ÎÔ‡ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Óˆ‰ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ÔÏÏ¿ ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· Û¯ÂÙÈο ÌÂÙËÓ Ù‡¯Ë ÙÔ˘, ‹‰Ë ·fi Ù· ·Ú¯·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·.7

§fiÁˆ Ù˘ ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ¤ÎÙ·Û˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ‚¿ıÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Ù· ÎÈÓËÙ¿ ¢ڋ-Ì·Ù· Â›Ó·È Ï›Á· Î·È ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·fi ‰È·Ù·Ú·Á̤ӷ, ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÚÔÛË, ÛÙÚÒ-Ì·Ù·, ÌÂÚÈο fï˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ÁÈ· ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘. °ÂÓÈο ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ·ÎÂÚ·ÌÈ΋ ΢ڛˆ˜ ¿‚·ÊË, ÂÏÏËÓÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÚˆÌ·˚ÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ÂÓÒ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÌÂ-ÚÈο fiÛÙڷη ÚˆÙÔÎÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÒÓ ·ÁÁ›ˆÓ, ¯Â›ÏÔ˜ ·Ú¯·˚ÎÔ‡ ·ÌÊÔÚ¤· Î·È ÙÌ‹Ì·ÊÈ¿Ï˘ Ì ·Ú·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÂÈÚ¿˜ ÙËÓÒÓ, fiÛÙÚ·ÎÔ Ì ÌÂÏ·ÓfiÌÔÚÊË ·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË ˙ÒÔ˘Î·È Ï›Á· ÌÂÏ·Ì‚·Ê‹, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ıÚ·‡ÛÌ·Ù· ˘ÛÙÂÚÔÚڈ̷˚ÎÒÓ Ï‡¯ÓˆÓ (∂ÈÎ. 6).

∂›Û˘ ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ıÚ·‡ÛÌ·Ù· ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰ˆÓ ·Ú¯·˚ÎÒÓ Î·È ÎÏ·ÛÈÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ΢ڛˆ˜ÎÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ Ì ‹ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Á¿ÓˆÌ·, ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÚÈÎÔ› ËÁÂÌfiÓ˜,·ÓıÂ̈Ùfi˜ Î·Ï˘Ù‹Ú·˜, ÛÙÚˆÙ‹Ú·˜ Ì ÁÚ·Ù‹ ‰È·ÎfiÛÌËÛË ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘ ‰¿ÊÓ˘ (∂ÈÎ. 7),ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÌ‹Ì· Û›Ì˘ (∂ÈÎ. 8) ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ÎÚ‹Ó˘, ÚÔÂÚ-

6. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2006)Ø ÙˆÓ È‰›ˆÓ (2005), 93-94.7. ∏ ·Ô˘Û›· ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌÈÎÔ‡ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Óˆ‰ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Î·Ù¿

ÙÔÓ 2Ô ·ÈÒÓ· Ì.Ã. ÚÔ‰ڛ·˜ ÈÂÚ¤ˆ˜ Ù˘ ∞ÚÙ¤ÌȉԘ ∫ÔÏ·ÈÓ›‰Ô˜ ÛÙÔ ¢ÈÔÓ˘ÛÈ·Îfi ı¤·ÙÚÔ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡-Û ӷ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ·, ·Ó ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ Î·È ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó·, Ì›· Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ Ô˘ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛıËΠηٿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ ڈ̷˚ÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÎfiÛÌËÛË Ù˘ fiÏ˘. µÏ. µÈ‚ÏÈÔ‰¤-Ù˘ (2005), 46, ∂10, ∂11, 140 Î.Â.Ø Camp (2000), 222 Î.Â. ∆Ô Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ·˘Ùfi ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰È·ÊˆÙÈÛı›ÌfiÓÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡.

∂ÈÎ. 4. ∏ Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓË Â·ÂÙ›˜ Û›ÌË. ∂ÈÎ. 5. ª·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓÔ˜ ËÁÂÌfiÓ·˜ Î·Ï˘Ù‹Ú·˜.

∞ƒÃ∞π√™ ¡∞√™ ∫∞π ∫ƒ∏¡∏ ™∆∏ ª∂ƒ∂¡∆∞

¯fiÌÂÓ· ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÂÚ¿-̈ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ‹ ¿ÏÏÔ˘ ·Ú¯·Èfi-ÙÂÚÔ˘ ÎÙ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ Èı·ÓÒ˜˘‹Ú¯Â ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘.8

∏ Ï·ÙÚ¢ÙÈ΋ ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯Ò-ÚÔ˘, Î·È Û ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ¯Úfi-ÓÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙÔ ·ÔÎ·Ï˘Êı¤Ó ÎÙ›-ÚÈÔ, ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·-Ó‡ÚÂÛË Î·È ÙÌËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÔ-ÔÈËÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÂȉˆÏ›ˆÓ, Ô˘ ¯ÚÔ-ÓÔÏÔÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ·ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÈÌÔ˘˜ ·Ú¯·˚ÎÔ‡˜ ¯Úfi-ÓÔ˘˜9 (∂ÈÎ. 9), ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÎÂÊ¿-ÏÈ ¿ÏÏÔ˘, ÎÏ·ÛÈÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ.10

181

8. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2003), 45, ÂÈÎ. 3, 4. °È· ÙË ÁÚ·Ù‹ ÎÂڿ̈ÛË ·fi ÙÔÓ Ó·fi ‚Ï. ÁÂ-ÓÈο Buschor (1933), 14, ›Ó. 7, fiÔ˘ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ËÁÂÌfiÓ· Î·Ï˘Ù‹Ú· Ì ‰È·ÎfiÛÌËÛË ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘‰¿ÊÓ˘.

9. µÏ. ¶·Ï·ÈÔÎÚ·ÛÛ¿ (1991), 54, 103-104, ›Ó. 12Ø ª. ∫üpper, “Frühattische Stempelidole vonKiapha Thiti”, ÛÙÔ H. K. von Dietmar et. al. Kiapha Thiti III.2. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabung (Eisenzeit)(Philipps-Universität Marburg 1989, Marburg 1990), 17-29.

10. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2003), 45, ÂÈÎ. 5.

∂ÈÎ. 6. ∫ÂÚ·ÌÈ΋ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡.

∂ÈÎ. 7. °Ú·Ù‹ ‹ÏÈÓË ÎÂÚ·Ì›‰·

∂ÈÎ. 8. ¶‹ÏÈÓË Û›ÌË. ∂ÈÎ. 8. ¶‹ÏÈÓË Û›ÌË, fi„Ë Î·È ÙÔÌ‹.

182

√. ∫∞∫∞µ√°π∞¡¡∏, µ. ∞ƒ°Àƒ√¶√À§√™

§Â›„·Ó· ·fi ÁÏ˘Ùfi ‰È¿ÎÔÛÌÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ·ÚfiÓ Î·È‰‡Ô Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓ· Á˘Ó·ÈΛ· ÎÂÊ·Ï¿ÎÈ·, ÙÔ ¤Ó· Ì ΈÓÈÎfi ›ÏÔ (›Ûˆ˜ ∞Ì·˙fiÓ·˜),Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ ÂȯÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘, ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ¿ÏÏÔ ÌÈÎÚfiÌÓËÌÂ›Ô (›Ûˆ˜ ÙÔ ‚ˆÌfi). ∂ӉȷʤÚÔÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÔ˘ Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊËÊÔÏȉˆÙ‹ ‰È·ÎfiÛÌËÛË, ›Ûˆ˜ ·fi ÊÙÂÚˆÙ‹ ÌÔÚÊ‹, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ıÚ·‡ÛÌ· ‹ÏÈÓÔ˘ ·ÓÙÈ-ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊË Î˘Ì·ÙÈÛÙ‹ ÎfiÌË (;) Î·È ÌÂÏ·Ófi Á¿ÓˆÌ·, ›Ûˆ˜ ·fi ‹ÏÈÓÔ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎfi ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ (ÌÂÙfiË ‹ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ).

∏ ÎÚ‹ÓË11

¶ÂÚ› Ù· 30 Ì. ‰˘ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡, ‰›Ï· Û ÏÈıfiÛÙÚˆÙË ·Ú¯·›· Ô‰fi ‹ ·Ïfi ÏÈ-ıfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ ‰¿Â‰Ô, ·ÔηχÊıËΠÌÈÎÚfi ÙÂÙÚ¿ÁˆÓÔ ÎÙ›ÛÌ·, ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ-Îfi ‰¿Â‰Ô ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û 3,50 Ì. ‚¿ıÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ Ô‰Ô‡. ∏ οıÔ‰Ô˜Û ·˘Ùfi ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ·fi ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈο Ì ÂÓÙÂο‚·ıÌË Îϛ̷η (∂ÈÎ. 10·, 10‚), Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ÔÈ Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÚÒÙ˜ ‚·ıÌ›‰Â˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ï¿ÙÔ˜ 1,40 Ì. Î·È ÔÈ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ 2,80 Ì. ∆Ô ÌÈÎÚfi·˘Ùfi ÎÙ›ÛÌ·, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ ˘ÔÛÙ› ÌÂÙ·Û΢¤˜ Î·È ÚÔÛı‹Î˜ Ô˘ ηχÙÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ›¯Ô˘˜, ‰ÂÓ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÈÌÔ˘˜ ڈ̷˚ÎÔ‡˜¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. ∞Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ Ù‡Ô Ù˘ «·Ú˘ÎÚ‹Ó˘» Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ˘ı̤ӷ ÙÔ˘ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˘ ‰·¤‰Ô˘ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙڈ̤ÓÔ Ì ‹ÏÈÓ˜ ϿΘ. ™ÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÊÚ¤·ÚÌ ‹ÏÈÓÔ ÂÚÈÛÙfiÌÈÔ, ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÎ·Ï˘Êı› ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ ¯Â›ÏÔ˜.

ª¤Û· ÛÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘ ‚Ú¤ıËΠÂṲ̂ÓÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓÔ˘ ÂÈÛÙ˘Ï›Ô˘,‰ÔÎÔ‡ ÛÙËڛ͈˜ ÙÚÔ¯·Ï›·˜ ‚·ÚÔ‡ÏÎÔ˘ (∂ÈÎ. 11), › Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ ÛÒ˙ÂÙ·È ÙÌ‹Ì· ÂÈ-ÁÚ·Ê‹˜:

¶√π<∏>C∞C ∆∏¡ ∫ƒ∏¡∏¡ [-------]∫∞π ∆√ ¶∂ƒπC∆√ªπ√¡ [-------]

∏ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ÚÔÓÔÏÔÁËı› ÛÙÔÓ 2Ô ·ÈÒÓ· Ì.Ã. Î·È ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÈ ÙËÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÎÙ›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ˆ˜ ÎÚ‹Ó˘.12 ŸÙ·Ó ÂÚ¢ÓËı› ÙÔ ÊÚ¤·Ú ı· ÂÍ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò-

11. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2006)Ø ÙˆÓ È‰›ˆÓ (2005), 94, ÂÈÎ. 2.12. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2006), 174, 180, ÂÈÎ. 5. °È· ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ‰ÔÎÔ‡ ‚Ï. ª. Lang,

Waterworks in the Athenian Agora (Princeton 1968), ÂÈÎ. 11. °È· ÎÚ‹Ó˜ ‚Ï. Glaser (1983).

∂ÈÎ. 9. ∆Ì‹Ì·Ù· Û¯ËÌ·ÙÔÔÈËÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÂȉˆÏ›ˆÓ.

∞ƒÃ∞π√™ ¡∞√™ ∫∞π ∫ƒ∏¡∏ ™∆∏ ª∂ƒ∂¡∆∞

183

∂ÈÎ. 10. ƒˆÌ·˚΋ ÎÚ‹ÓË: ·) ∫¿ÙÔ„Ë. ‚) ÕÔ„Ë ·fi ¡.

∂ÈÎ. 11. ∂Ó›ÁÚ·ÊË Ì¿ÚÌ·ÚÈÓË ‰ÔÎfi˜.

184

√. ∫∞∫∞µ√°π∞¡¡∏, µ. ∞ƒ°Àƒ√¶√À§√™

ÛÔ˘Ì ·ÊÂÓfi˜ ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÛÙÔÌ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ÊÚ¤·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ·ÊÂÙ¤ÚÔ˘ ·Ó Ë ÎÚ‹ÓËÁ¤ÌÈ˙ ·fi ÙÔ ÓÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ÊÚ¤·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ›¯Â ·ÚÎÂÙfi ‚¿ıÔ˜, ‹ ·ÓÂÙÚÔÊÔ‰ÔÙ›ÙÔ Ì ·ÁˆÁfi ·fi ÙÔ ÓÂÚfi Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ‰›‰˘Ì˘ Ï·ÍÂ˘Ù‹˜ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂÓ‹˜, ËÔÔ›· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ï›ÁÔ ÓÔÙÈfiÙÂÚ· Î·È ÛÙ· ÓÂfiÙÂÚ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ›¯Â ÌÂÙ·Ùڷ› Û ̷ÁÁ·-ÓÔ‹Á·‰Ô Ì ÎÙÈÛÙ‹ η̿ڷ (·Ú. ı¤Û˘ 44).

∏ ·Óˆ‰ÔÌ‹ Ù˘ ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ÎÚ‹Ó˘, ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ 2Ô ·ÈÒÓ· Ì.Ã., ›¯Â ÌÓË-ÌÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË, fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi Ù· Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓ· ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈο ̤ÏË Ô˘‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ÂṲ̂ӷ ÛÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi Ù˘. µÚ¤ıËÎ·Ó ‰‡Ô ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÙÔ͈ٿ ÂÈÛÙ‡ÏÈ·,·ÚÚ¿‚‰ˆÙÔ˜ ΛÔÓ·˜ Î·È Û‡ÓıÂÙÔ ÎÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi ÎÈÔÓfiÎÚ·ÓÔ, ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· ·Ú·ÛÙ¿‰·˜ ηȉ‡Ô ›ÎÚ·Ó· Ì ·Ï‹ Ê˘ÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÎfiÛÌËÛË, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ‹ÏÈÓÔ˜ ËÁÂÌfiÓ·˜ Î·Ï˘Ù‹-Ú·˜ Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊË Ê˘ÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÎfiÛÌËÛË.13 ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ Ûˆ˙fiÌÂÓˆÓ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ıˆÚԇ̠Èı·ÓfiÙÂÚÔ fiÙÈ ‰È·ÎÔÛÌÔ‡Û·Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ÏÂ˘Ú¿, fiÔ˘ Û¯ËÌ¿ÙÈ˙·Ó «‰›ı˘ÚÔ». ™Ù· ‰‡Ô ¿ÎÚ· Ù˘ ηÙÒÙÂÚ˘ ‚·ıÌ›‰·˜ Ù˘ ÎÏ›-̷η˜ ı· ‹Û·Ó ÙÔÔıÂÙË̤Ó˜ ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ·Ú·ÛÙ¿‰Â˜ Ì ٷ ›ÎÚ·Ó·, Ô˘ ·ÎÔ˘ÌÔ‡-Û·Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ›¯Ô, Î·È ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔÓ Ù˘ ‚·ıÌ›‰·˜ ˘„ˆÓfiÙ·Ó Ô ·ÚÚ¿‚‰ˆÙÔ˜ ΛÔÓ·˜ Ì ÙÔÎÔÚÈÓıÈ·Îfi ÎÈÔÓfiÎÚ·ÓÔ, ¿Óˆ ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó Ù· ‰‡Ô ÙÔ͈ٿ ÂÈÛÙ‡ÏÈ·.

∆Ô Ï¤ÔÓ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Â‡ÚËÌ· ·fi ÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘ Â›Ó·È ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Ì·Ú-Ì¿ÚÈÓË Ï¿Î· Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊË ·ÂÈÎfiÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ̇ıÔ˘ Ù˘ ÎÏÔ‹˜ ÙˆÓ fiÏˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ºÈÏÔ-ÎÙ‹ÙË ·fi ÙÔÓ √‰˘ÛÛ¤· Î·È ÙÔÓ ¢ÈÔÌ‹‰Ë (∂ÈÎ. 12), Ë ÔÔ›· ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿Ú-Ú¢ÛË Ù˘ ·Óˆ‰ÔÌ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ›¯Â ·ÔÙÂı› ‰›Ï· ÛÙÔÓ ‚fiÚÂÈÔ ÙÔ›¯Ô Ì ÙËÓ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊË fi„Ë Ù˘ ÚÔ˜ ·˘ÙfiÓ (∂ÈÎ. 10‚). ¶ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ·ÚfiÓ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÈÛÙˆı› Ì‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ· ·Ó ÂÍ ·Ú¯‹˜ ›¯Â ÙÔÔıÂÙËı› ÛÙÔ ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘ Î·È Û ÔÈÔ ÛËÌ›ÔÙ˘.14 ÃÚÔÓÔÏÔÁÂ›Ù·È ÂÚ› Ù· ̤۷ ÙÔ˘ 2Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· Ì.Ã., fiÙ·Ó Ù· ȉ·ÏÈÛÙÈο ÁÏ˘Ù¿

13. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2006), 173, 179, ÂÈÎ. 2-4.14. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË & ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2005), 94, ÂÈÎ. 1Ø ÙˆÓ È‰›ˆÓ (2006), 176, 180, ÂÈÎ. 6. ¶Èı·ÓÒ˜

ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ¿ÏÏÔ ·Ú¯·›Ô ÎÙ›ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙÔ˜ ‹ ÙÔ ÈÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ∞fiÏψÓÔ˜ ¢ËÏ›Ô˘ ÛÙȘ ÁÂÈ-ÙÔÓÈΤ˜ ¶Ú·ÛȤ˜, fiÔ˘ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Ô ¢ÈÔÌ‹‰Ë˜ ›¯Â ȉڇÛÂÈ Ó·fi Ù˘ ∞ıËÓ¿˜, ‚Ï.Î·È Ÿ. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, ∞¢ 39 (1984), ÃÚÔÓÈο, 45.

∂ÈÎ. 12. ª·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓË Ï¿Î· Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊË ·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÎÏÔ‹˜ ÙˆÓ fiÏˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ºÈÏÔÎÙ‹ÙË.

∞ƒÃ∞π√™ ¡∞√™ ∫∞π ∫ƒ∏¡∏ ™∆∏ ª∂ƒ∂¡∆∞

Ù· ÔÔ›· ÂÌÓ¤ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔ Î·ÙÂÍÔ¯‹Ó ›‰Ô˜Ô˘ ·Ú¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ·ıËÓ·˚ο ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ· Ì·ÚÌ·ÚÔÁÏ˘ÙÈ΋˜,15 Î·È ÂÌÓ¤ÂÙ·È ·fiÙËÓ ÂÈ΋ Î·È ÙËÓ Â˘ÚÈ›‰ÂÈ· ÂΉԯ‹ ÙÔ˘ ̇ıÔ˘.16 ∂›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi fiÙÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹·˘Ù‹ Û˘ÓËıÈ˙fiÙ·Ó Ô ÛÙÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ ÏÔ˘ÙÚÒÓ ‹ ÎÚËÓÒÓ Ì ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ˘˜ ›Ó·Î˜.17

™ÙËÓ Â›¯ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘, ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓˆÓ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ-ÎÒÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ, ‚Ú¤ıËΠÎÂÚ·ÌÈ΋ ·Ú¯·ÈÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ (ÁˆÌÂÙÚÈÎÒÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ Î·È ÎÏ·-ÛÈÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏÈÔ Î‡ÏÈη˜ Ì ÂÚ˘ıÚfiÌÔÚÊË ·Ú¿-ÛÙ·ÛË ·ıÏËÙ‹), ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÎÂÚ·ÌÈ΋ ÙˆÓ ÚˆÌ·˚ÎÒÓ Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙˆÓ ˘ÛÙÂÚÔÚڈ̷˚-ÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, fiˆ˜ ›Û˘ Î·È ¤Ó· ¯¿ÏÎÈÓÔ ÓfiÌÈÛÌ· ∞˘ÚËÏÈ·ÓÔ‡ (270-275 Ì.Ã.).∞ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙÔ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ¿ÊıÔÓË ÁˆÌÂÙÚÈ΋ Î·È ÚÒÈÌË ·Ú¯·˚΋ ÎÂÚ·ÌÈ΋ ‚Ú¤ıË-ÎÂ Î·È Â͈ÙÂÚÈο Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘, ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙÔ ÂÚÒÙËÌ· ·Ó ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÚÚÈ-Êı› ·fi ÙÔÓ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡ ‹ ·Ó ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ÚÔ¸‹Ú¯Â ¿ÏÏË Î·Ù·-Û΢‹, ›Ûˆ˜ Ë ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚË ÎÚ‹ÓË.18 ™Â ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÙ·È Ë ı¤-ÛË Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘ Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔÓ ÙfiÔ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚ˘ Ï·ÙÚ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡, fiˆ˜Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ Î·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ÈÂÚ¿.19

∞fi‰ÔÛË ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡

∞fi ÙȘ ËÁ¤˜ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ì fiÙÈ Ë Î‡ÚÈ· ıÂfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ Ï¿ÙÚ¢·Ó ÔÈ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÛÈÔÈ‹Ù·Ó Ë ÕÚÙÂÌȘ ∫ÔÏ·ÈÓ›˜ (¶·˘Û·Ó›·˜, ∞ÙÙÈο, 31, 4-5).20 ∏ Ï·ÙÚ›· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙ¤ÌÈ-‰Ô˜, Ô˘ Ë ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË ÙË Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÈ Ì ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙ·ÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜, ÙÔÓ ∫fi-Ï·ÈÓÔ,21 ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÛÙË ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ· ηȷӷʤÚÔÓÙ·È Û ·˘Ù‹Ó.22

∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Ì·ÚÙ˘Ú›Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙË Ï·ÙÚ›· ¿ÏÏˆÓ ıÂÔًوÓ, fiˆ˜ÙÔ˘ ¢Èfi˜, Ù˘ ∞ıËÓ¿˜, ÙÔ˘ ¢ÈÔÓ‡ÛÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∞fiÏψӷ,23 Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Ï·ÙÚ¢fiÙ·Ó ÛÂ

18515. ™ÙÂÊ·Ó›‰Ô˘-∆È‚ÂÚ›Ô˘ (1993), 211. ÕÏψÛÙÂ Ë ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ‰È·ÎÔÛÌËÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÏ‡ÊˆÓ ‰ÂÓ Û˘Ó¯›˙Â-Ù·È ÁÈ· Ôχ ÌÂÙ¿ Ù· ̤۷ ÙÔ˘ 2Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· Ì.Ã.

16. ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ ª˘ıÔÏÔÁ›·, ÙfiÌ. 5: ∆ÚˆÈÎfi˜ ¶fiÏÂÌÔ˜, 132-136Ø Ÿ. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, «ºÈÏÔÎÙ‹Ù˘ ÂÓ §‹-ÌÓˆ», ÛÙÔ ∆fiÌÔ˜ ÛÙË ÌÓ‹ÌË ÙÔ˘ °ÚËÁ. ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ (˘fi ¤Î‰ÔÛË).

17. ∆ÛÔ‡ÓÙ·˜ (1964), 522.18. ∏ ¤Ú¢ӷ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÍ·ÓÙÏËı› ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ·ÚfiÓ, ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ ‰¿Â‰Ô Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘ Î·È ÛÙÔ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘

ÊÚ¤·ÙÔ˜, fiÛÔ Î·È Â͈ÙÂÚÈο Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÎÙ›ÛÌ·, ÁÈ· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÔ›¯ˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘-ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ¤ÓÙÔÓ˜ ·Ú·ÌÔÚÊÒÛÂȘ ·fi ÙȘ ȤÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ ÂȯÒÛˆÓ.

19. ™ÙÔ ÈÂÚfi ÙÔ˘ ∞fiÏψÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¢ÂÏÊÔ‡˜ Ë Ï·ÙÚ›· ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ·fi ÙËÓ ËÁ‹ ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÓfiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡,ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ηٿ ÙÔÓ Ì‡ıÔ Ê‡Ï·ÁÂ Ô ¶‡ıˆÓ Î·È fiÔ˘ Ï·ÙÚ‡ÔÓÙ·Ó Ë °Ë Î·È ÔÈ ¡‡Ìʘ. µÏ. ¶ÂÙÚ¿-ÎÔ˜ (1971), 16Ø ¶··¯·Ù˙‹˜ (1979), ºˆÎÈο, 284, ÛËÌ. 4, 316 Î.Â., ›Ó. 363-364, ·Ú. 27 Î·È 58. ™ÙÔÈÂÚfi Ù˘ ∞˘Ïȉ›·˜ ∞ÚÙ¤ÌȉԘ Ë ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ Ï·ÙÚ›·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË Ù˘ ÎÚ‹Ó˘ ηٿ ÙÔ˘˜ÁˆÌÂÙÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. ∆ËÓ ÎÚ‹ÓË Ù˘ ∞˘Ï›‰·˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ‹‰Ë Ô ŸÌËÚÔ˜. (µ 305-307). µÏ. £ÚÂ-„È¿‰Ë˜ (1961-62), 137 Î.Â.Ø ¶··¯·Ù˙‹˜ (1981), µÔȈÙÈο, ÛÂÏ. 132, ÛËÌ. 4. °È· ÙËÓ ÎÚ‹ÓË ÙÔ˘∞ÌÊÈ¿ÚÂÈÔ˘ ‚Ï. ¶ÂÙÚ¿ÎÔ˜ (1992), 53Ø ¶··¯·Ù˙‹˜ (1981), ∞ÙÙÈο, 452·. ∂›Û˘ ÛÙË µÚ·˘ÚÒÓ·ÚÈÓ ·fi ÌÂÚÈο ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ÓÔÙÈÔ‰˘ÙÈο ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡, ÛÙȘ Ú›˙˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú¿¯Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÊÔ˘ Ì ÙÔÓ ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈ-Îfi ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi (·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ‰˘ÙÈο Ù˘ ÛÙÚÔÊ‹˜ Ù˘ Ô‰Ô‡ ÚÔ˜ ¶fiÚÙÔ ƒ¿ÊÙË) Î·È Û ·ÚÎÂÙfi ‚¿ıÔ˜ ·fi ÙËÛËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜, ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÎÛηʋ Ó¤Ô˘ ÊÚ¤·ÙÔ˜, ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Î‡ÂÏÏ· ÁˆÌÂÙÚÈ-ÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, Èı·Ó¤˜ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¤˜ Û ·Ó·‚χ˙Ô˘Û˜ ËÁ¤˜, ‚Ï. Gentili & Perusino (2002), 478.

20. ¶··¯·Ù˙‹˜ (1974), ∞ÙÙÈο, 409Ø µÈ‚ÏÈÔ‰¤Ù˘ (2005), 26-28.21. ∏ Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÔÈ΋ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Ù˘ Ï·ÙÚ›·˜ Ù˘ ı¿˜ Ì ÙÔÓ Ì˘ıÈÎfi ÙÔÈÎfi ‚·ÛÈϤ· ∫fiÏ·ÈÓÔ,

ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ıˆÚÔ‡Û·Ó ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ‚·ÛÈϤ· Ù˘ ∞ı‹Ó·˜, ÙÔÓ ∫¤ÎÚÔ· (∂ÏÏ¿ÓÈÎÔ˜FHG I 56, fragan. 79), ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ Ï·ÙÚ›·˜ Ù˘. £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÔ˘Ì ÏÔÈ-fiÓ ÛÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡ ‹ ÙË Á‡Úˆ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, ·Ú¯·Èfiٷٷ (ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈο) ηٿÏÔÈ· Î·È ›Ûˆ˜ ÚÒÈÌ·Ï›„·Ó· ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ Ï·ÙÚ›·˜.

22. µÈ‚ÏÈÔ‰¤Ù˘ (2005), 41-44.23. IG 1183, ÛÙ. 11, 32, 36Ø Solders (1931), 5 ·Ú. 25, 40 ·Ú. 19, 48 ·Ú. 20Ø µÈ‚ÏÈÔ‰¤Ù˘ (2005), 47-48. ∫·-

Ù¿ ÙȘ ·Ó·Ûηʤ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ ·Ôηχ„·ÌÂ Î·È ÈÂÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¢Èfi˜ ºÚ·ÙÚ›Ô˘,Ù˘ ∞ÊÚÔ‰›Ù˘ Î·È Èı·ÓÒ˜ Ù˘ ¢‹ÌËÙÚ·˜, ‚Ï. Ÿ. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, «∆ÔÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ‰‹-ÌÔ˘ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙÔ˜», ÛÙÔÓ ·ÚfiÓÙ· ÙfiÌÔ.

24. ª. Mitsos & E. Vanderpool, “Inscriptions from Attica”, Hesperia 19 (1950), 25-26. ¶Èı·ÓÒ˜ ÙÔ Ù¤-ÌÂÓÔ˜ ÂΛÓÔ Ó· Â›Ó·È ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ·Ôηχ„·Ì ÛÙÔ ÓfiÙÈÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ πÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘, ‚Ï. Ÿ. ∫·-η‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, «∆¤ÌÂÓÔ˜», ÛÙÔ Ÿ. ∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË Î.¿., «¢ËÌfiÛÈ· ÎÙ›ÚÈ·, ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÈÂÚ¿ Î·È Ô‰Ô› ¤ÚÈÍÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙË ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ·», ÛÙÔÓ ·ÚfiÓÙ· ÙfiÌÔ.

25. ∫. ¶ÈÙÙ¿Î˘, ∞∂ (1852), 904, ·Ú. 1450Ø ¶··¯·Ù˙‹˜ (1974), ∞ÙÙÈο, 409·Ø µÈ‚ÏÈÔ‰¤Ù˘ (2005), 48,·Ú. ∂ 14.

26. µÈ‚ÏÈÔ‰¤Ù˘ (2005), 126 Î.Â.27. ¶··¯·Ù˙‹˜ (1974), ∞ÙÙÈο, 1. ∂›Ó·È ۷ʤ˜ ·fi ÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ ÙÔ˘ fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÛΤÊıËΠÙÔÓ ª˘ÚÚÈ-

ÓÔ‡ÓÙ·.28. µÏ. ÛËÌ. 22. ∏ ÙÔÈ΋ Ï·ÙÚ›· Û˘Ó¯›ÛıËΠÛÙ· ڈ̷˚ο ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· ·fi ÙËÓ Ù‡¯Ë ÙÔ˘

Ó·Ô‡. ∂Ó‰ÂÈÎÙÈ΋ Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÛÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡ χ¯ÓˆÓ ˘ÛÙÂÚÔÚڈ̷˚ÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ.29. ∏ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı›

Û ‡ıÂÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ Î·È Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ Ï‹ÚË ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„Ë Î·È ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ Ê¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡, Î·È Ù· ÂÍ‹˜: 1)Ó· ÂÍ·ÎÚÈ‚ÒÛÂÈ ·Ó Ô ıÚÈÁÎfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ‹ ¿ÏÏ· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ ‹Û·Ó Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓ· (Ì ÎÔÛΛÓÈÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ÂÈ-¯ÒÛÂˆÓ Î·È ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ï·Ù‡Ë Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÔ˘)Ø 2) Ó· ÂÍ·ÎÚÈ‚ÒÛÂÈ ·Ó Ë ·Óˆ‰ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ ‹ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù¿ Ù˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÙ·ÊÂÚıÂ›Ø 3) Ó· ÂÓÙÔ›ÛÂÈ Ù˘¯fiÓ ÂÓ·ÔÌ›ӷÓÙ· «Î·Ù¿ ¯ÒÚ·Ó» ·Î¤Ú·È· ̤ÏË‹ ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ÒÛÙ ӷ Á›ÓÂÈ ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë ·Ó·˙‹ÙËÛË ÙÔ˘ Èı·ÓÒ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÊÂṲ́ÓÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘ Û ¿ÏÏË ı¤-ÛË ÂÓÙfi˜ ‹ ÂÎÙfi˜ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙÔ˜.

30. ∆ÔÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ı¤Ì· ÂÎı¤ÙÂÈ Ô µÈ‚ÏÈÔ‰¤Ù˘ (1997), 134 Î.Â. ∂›Û˘, ‚Ï. ηÈG. Despinis, “Iphigenia und Orestes. Vorschläge zur Interpretation zweier Skulpturenfunde ausBrauron”, AM 120 (2005), 266, ÛËÌ. 107. ªÂٷ͇ ηÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ê‹ÌË fiÙÈ ÛÙÔÓÛ˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ·ÁÚfi ÚÔ 25ÂÙ›·˜ ›¯Â ‚ÚÂı› ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Ì ·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË ∞ÚÙ¤ÌȉԘ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‰ÂÓ ·-Ú·‰fiıËΠÛÙÔ ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô µÚ·˘ÚÒÓÔ˜.

186

√. ∫∞∫∞µ√°π∞¡¡∏, µ. ∞ƒ°Àƒ√¶√À§√™

Ù¤ÌÂÓÔ˜.24 ∏ Ï·ÙÚ›· Ù˘ ∞ıËÓ¿˜ ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ‚¿ıÚÔ Ô˘˘‹Ú¯Â ̤۷ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÚ›‚ÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·Á›·˜ ÛÙË ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ·,25 Î·È ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂ-Ù·È Û ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ÂÈÛ΢‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ù˘ ı¿˜ Î·È ·Ó¿ıÂÛË ·Á¿ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ∏ÚÒ‰Ë ÙÔÓ ∞ÙÙÈÎfi. ∏ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌfiÓË ÁÚ·Ù‹ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍËÓ·˚ÎÔ‡ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙÔÓ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙ·.

∏ ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÒÚÈÓÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙË ‚fiÚÂÈ· ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÎÔÈÏ¿‰· Ù˘ ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ·˜, ÂÎÙfi˜·fi Ù· ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ÁÈ· ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ Î·È ÙË ¯ÚÔÓÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÙÈÚ›Ô˘,ı¤ÙÂÈ Î·È ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ù˘ ·fi‰ÔÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ıÂfiÙËÙ·. ∂Âȉ‹ Ù· ̤-¯ÚÈ ÛÙÈÁÌ‹˜ ÎÈÓËÙ¿ Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ‰ÂÓ Ì·˜ ‰È·ÊˆÙ›˙Ô˘Ó, ̤¯ÚÈ Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈËı› Û˘-ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó·ÛηÊÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙÔ˘ ÌÓËÌ›Ԣ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡,ÌfiÓÔ ˘Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ‰È·Ù˘ÒÛÔ˘ÌÂ. √È ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ô˘ ·ÊÔ-ÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ∞ÚÙ¤Ìȉ· ∫ÔÏ·ÈÓ›‰· Â›Ó·È ¤ÌÌÂÛ˜ Î·È Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ΈÌÈÎÔ‡˜ÔÈËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ 5Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· .Ã., ªÂÙ·Á¤ÓË Î·È ∞ÚÈÛÙÔÊ¿ÓË.26 √ ÌfiÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂ-Ù·È Â˘ı¤ˆ˜ Û ϷÙÚ›· ÛÙÔÓ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙ· Â›Ó·È Ô ¶·˘Û·Ó›·˜, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÂÚÈËÁ‹-ıËΠÙËÓ ∞ÙÙÈ΋ ηٿ ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ Ù¤Ù·ÚÙÔ ÙÔ˘ 2Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· Ì.Ã.27 Î·È ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û ٷ∞ÙÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ÂÚ› ÙÔ 150 Ì.Ã., fiÔ˘ ÌÓËÌÔÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Ífi·ÓÔ˘, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ·Ú¯·ÈÔ-Ù¿ÙÔ˘ ·Á¿ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ı¿˜. (¶·˘Û·Ó›·˜, ∞ÙÙÈο, 31, 4).

∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ô ¶·˘Û·Ó›·˜ ÂÚÈËÁ‹ıËÎÂ Î·È ÂÚȤÁÚ·„ ÙËÓ∞ÙÙÈ΋, ·ÊÂÓfi˜ ÌÂÓ Ì·ÚÙ˘ÚÂ›Ù·È ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÈο Ë ‡·ÚÍË ÛÙÔÓ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙ· Ó·Ô‡Î·È ·Á¿ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ∞ıËÓ¿˜, ·ÊÂÙ¤ÚÔ˘ ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒÓÂÙ·È ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÈο Î·È Ë ÂÎÙÂٷ̤-ÓË Ï·ÙÚ›· Ù˘ ∞ÚÙ¤ÌȉԘ ∫ÔÏ·ÈÓ›‰Ô˜.28 ™Â ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÂÔ¯‹ Ë ÎÚ‹ÓË ÙÔ˘ ÈÂ-ÚÔ‡ Ô˘ ÂÓÙÔ›Û·Ì ‰È·ÎÔÛÌÂ›Ù·È Ì ̷ÚÌ¿ÚÈÓ· ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈο Î·È Èı·ÓÒ˜ ηÈÙÔ ·Ó¿ÁÏ˘ÊÔ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ̇ıÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ºÈÏÔÎÙ‹ÙË, ÂÓÒ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ·ÚfiÓ ¿ÁÓˆÛÙÔ ·Ó ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÂÔ¯‹ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‹ ·Ó ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Ô Ó·fi˜ Ô˘ ·Ô-ηχ„·ÌÂ.29 ∏ ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ‚¿ıÚÔ˘ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÚ›‚ÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ Ù˘ ¶·Ó·-Á›·˜ Î·È Ë ‡·ÚÍË ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÓ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˘ ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ οو ·fi ÙÔÓ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈ-Îfi Û˘ÓËÁÔÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ·˘Ù‹, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó··Ô‰Ôı› ÛÙËÓ ∞ıËÓ¿. ∂Ô̤ӈ˜ Ô Ó·fi˜ Ô˘ ·Ú¯›Û·Ì ӷ ·ÔηχÙÔ˘Ì ‚fiÚÂÈ··fi Ù· ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ·Ô‰Ôı› ÛÙËÓ∞ÚÙ¤Ìȉ· ∫ÔÏ·ÈÓ›‰·.30 ™ÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ‹ ÛÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘

∞ƒÃ∞π√™ ¡∞√™ ∫∞π ∫ƒ∏¡∏ ™∆∏ ª∂ƒ∂¡∆∞

187

Èı·ÓÒ˜ Ï·ÙÚ¢fiÙ·Ó Î·È Ô ÂÒÓ˘ÌÔ˜ ‹Úˆ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰‹ÌÔ˘, Ô ∫fiÏ·ÈÓÔ˜, fiˆ˜ Û˘Ì‚·›-ÓÂÈ Û ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ‰‹ÌÔ˘˜.

∂›Ó·È ‚¤‚·ÈÔ fiÙÈ ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÈÂÚÔ‡ ı· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏÏ·ÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌ‹Ì·Ù·, ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙÂÚ·, Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ·, Èı·ÓÒ˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚ·.

™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜

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ªÂÛÔÁ·›· ¡Ùԇ̷˜, ÃÚ., ÂÈÌ. (2001), ªÂÛÔÁ·›·. πÛÙÔÚ›· Î·È ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜ÙˆÓ ªÂÛÔÁ›ˆÓ ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜. ∞ı‹Ó·, ¢ÈÂıÓ‹˜ ∞ÂÚÔÏÈ̤ӷ˜ ∞ıËÓÒÓ«∂Ï¢ı¤ÚÈÔ˜ µÂÓÈ˙¤ÏÔ˜».

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Buschor, ∂. (1933). Die Tondächer der Akropolis, II: Stiernziegel. Berlin, W. de Gruyter.Camp, J. (2000). ∏ ·Ú¯·›· ∞ÁÔÚ¿ Ù˘ ∞ı‹Ó·˜. ∞ı‹Ó·, ªπ∂∆.Gentili, µ. & F. Perusino, ÂÈÌ. (2002). Orse di Brauron. Un rituale di iniziazione femminile

nel Santuario di Artemide. Pisa.Glaser, Fr. (1983). Antike Brunnenbauten (KPHNAI) in Griechenland. Wien, Österreichische

Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse.£Ú„ȿ‰Ë˜, π. (1961-62). «∞Ó·Ûηʷ› ∞˘Ï›‰Ô˜», ∞¢ 17, ÃÚÔÓÈο, 137 Î.Â.∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, Ÿ. & µ. ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2003). «¡·fi˜». ™ÙÔ: ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ 44-45.

∞ı‹Ó·.∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, Ÿ. & µ. ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2005). «∫ÚËÓ·›Ô ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÌ· ÛÙË ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ·». ™ÙÔ:

µ. µ·ÛÈÏÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ (ÂÈÌ.), ∞ÙÙÈ΋ 2004. ∞Ó·Ûηʤ˜, Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·, Ó¤· ÌÔ˘Û›·, 93-94. ∞ı‹-Ó·, ¡ÔÌȷگȷ΋ ∞˘ÙÔ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛË ∞Ó. ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜ & µ’ ∂¶∫∞.

∫·Î·‚ÔÁÈ¿ÓÓË, Ÿ. & µ. ∞ÚÁ˘ÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ (2006). «∫ÚËÓ·›Ô ÔÈÎÔ‰fiÌËÌ· ÏËÛ›ÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú-¯·›Ô˘ Ó·Ô‡ ÛÙËÓ ªÂÚ¤ÓÙ·». ™ÙÔ: ¶Ú·ÎÙÈο π∞’ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ™˘Ó¿ÓÙËÛ˘ ¡ÔÙÈÔ·Ó·-ÙÔÏÈ΋˜ ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜, 171-180. ™¿Ù·.

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√. ∫∞∫∞µ√°π∞¡¡∏, µ. ∞ƒ°Àƒ√¶√À§√™

Ancient temple and fountain at Merenda

Olga Kakavogianni and Vasilis Argyropoulos

A public building measuring 21 x 10 m was located and revealed at the centre of the small valleythat extends to the north of the large ancient cemeteries of the deme Myrrhinous. Its size and formsuggest that it was a temple building, but because the excavation was confined to locating it, itsdetailed form is not clear –whether, that is, it was a peripheral temple with a narrow cella, a prostylestructure or simply a temple in antis with an internal colonnade. Furthermore, the complete absenceof remains of its superstructure, columns and entablature deprives us, on the one hand, ofknowledge of its architectural order, and on the other suggests that the entire superstructure wasremoved, probably to Athens during the Roman period.

A small fountain building was uncovered just to the west of the temple. It has undergone manyrepairs and additions, the last of which was carried out in the 2nd century AD; to this phase belongsome virtually intact marble architectural members (two arched epistyles, a column capital withrelief decoration, parts of a pillar, and a simple column), which were found collapsed inside it.Contemporary with them is part of a marble beam from a well-shaft, on which is preserved part ofan inscription: ¶√π™∞™ ∆∏¡ ∫ƒ∏¡∏¡ ….. / ∫∞π ∆√ ¶∂ƒπ™∆√ªπ√¡ (‘having made thefountain …. / and the well-mouth’). It should be noted that Geometric pottery was found around thefountain.

The investigation of both these monuments was limited in extent and depth and produced onlya few finds. These include a few marble and clay architectural members from the roof of the temple,two fragments of tiles, fragments of a clay sima and tiles with painted decoration, fragments of vasesand stylised figurines of the Archaic period, the head of a figurine of the Classical period, and anumber of Late Roman lamps. No remains of sculpted decoration of the temple have been found sofar. The evidence derived from literary sources suggests that the sanctuary with the poros templeprobably belonged to Artemis Kolainis.