SIMULHYDRO v2.3 97 2003

SIMULHYDRO

About this tool

Disclaimer

SIMULHYDRO is an EXCEL™ spreadsheet developed only for expert users: it couldcalculate the water and nutrient use efficiency using different water sources, fertilizatioand water wasting options of a semi-closed and open soilless greenhouse crop.

This software is available free of charge. No commercial use, reproduction or distributpermitted. The developer is not responsible for any kind of damages caused by the usesoftware. The entire risk regarding uses, outputs, analyses, results and performance osoftware is assumed by the user. The user raises the developer from any liability, expreimplied, arising out of the application itself

Acknowledgements: EUPHOROS, "Efficient use of inputs in protected horticulture",n° 211457)

Acknowledgements: EUPHOROS, "Efficient use of inputs in protected horticulture",n° 211457)

could be used to zation strategies

ribution is e use of the ce of the expressed or

re", EU-FP7-KBBE-2007-1 (grant

re", EU-FP7-KBBE-2007-1 (grant

Simulhydro Quick start guide

Disclaimer

This software is available free of charge. No commercial use, reproduction The developer is not responsible for any kind of damages caused by the userisk regarding uses, outputs, analyses, results and performance of the softwuser. The user raises the developer from any liability, expressed or implied, application itself

Acknowledgements: EUPHOROS, "Efficient use of inputs in protected horticulture", EU-FP7-KB

ction or distribution is permitted. use of the software. The entire

software is assumed by the ied, arising out of the

-KBBE-2007-1 (grant n° 211457)

SIMULHYDRO software

Insert data in yellow cells. Click on "New simulation" button for a new simulation. Data of an experimental soilless tomato culture, conducted at the University of Pisa, are already inserted as example.

Acknowledgements: EUPHOROS, "Efficient use of inputs in protected horticulture", EU-FP7-KBBE-2007-1 (grant n° 211457)

SIMULHYDRO software

Input 1/5: crop chronology

Planting date (dd/mm/yyyy)

End of cultivation (dd/mm/yyyy)

Growing period (days)

End of 1st growth stage (dd/mm/yyyy)

Duration of 1st growth stage (days)

05/06/2006

06/29/2006

07/28/2006

54

84

SIMULHYDRO software

Input 2/5: crop transpiration (ET)

Day Date Global radiation Air temperature

(dd/mm/yyyy) (°C)

1 06/05/2006 13.70 20.76

2 07/05/2006 13.28 20.31

3 08/05/2006 11.98 20.27

4 09/05/2006 10.68 19.58

5 10/05/2006 6.02 19.56

6 11/05/2006 8.90 20.74

7 12/05/2006 15.00 22.27

8 13/05/2006 14.09 22.20

9 14/05/2006 6.97 20.79

10 15/05/2006 11.59 20.87

11 16/05/2006 12.12 20.60

12 17/05/2006 4.87 19.44

13 18/05/2006 10.63 19.24

14 19/05/2006 15.45 20.68

15 20/05/2006 15.02 21.28

16 21/05/2006 15.01 21.41

17 22/05/2006 9.40 21.75

18 23/05/2006 8.49 21.32

19 24/05/2006 14.92 22.47

20 25/05/2006 14.84 23.66

21 26/05/2006 15.35 25.00

22 27/05/2006 15.24 25.91

23 28/05/2006 15.19 25.79

24 29/05/2006 15.20 26.43

25 30/05/2006 13.96 26.01

26 31/05/2006 14.68 25.50

27 01/06/2006 12.64 26.11

28 02/06/2006 14.51 26.26

29 03/06/2006 14.95 26.64

30 04/06/2006 8.92 24.68

31 05/06/2006 13.89 26.00

32 06/06/2006 7.90 24.04

33 07/06/2006 15.24 24.37

34 08/06/2006 14.20 23.09

35 09/06/2006 5.22 21.26

(MJ m-2 day-1)

36 10/06/2006 15.91 20.57

37 11/06/2006 9.55 20.41

38 12/06/2006 7.06 21.42

39 13/06/2006 10.48 23.16

40 14/06/2006 3.32 20.26

41 15/06/2006 8.28 22.77

42 16/06/2006 15.02 25.01

43 17/06/2006 15.13 26.63

44 18/06/2006 13.38 26.38

45 19/06/2006 15.29 27.09

46 20/06/2006 13.45 27.51

47 21/06/2006 14.03 27.66

48 22/06/2006 12.81 28.14

49 23/06/2006 15.62 29.04

50 24/06/2006 15.39 30.16

51 25/06/2006 15.79 30.25

52 26/06/2006 15.85 30.09

53 27/06/2006 15.62 30.29

54 28/06/2006 14.75 30.20

55 29/06/2006 14.26 30.35

56 30/06/2006 12.43 29.18

57 01/07/2006 10.74 27.76

58 02/07/2006 14.72 28.13

59 03/07/2006 15.36 27.74

60 04/07/2006 14.61 27.73

61 05/07/2006 11.83 26.85

62 06/07/2006 14.82 26.71

63 07/07/2006 13.25 26.77

64 08/07/2006 10.43 25.39

65 09/07/2006 14.20 26.12

66 10/07/2006 12.08 25.30

67 11/07/2006 12.33 25.46

68 12/07/2006 14.36 26.12

69 13/07/2006 5.91 24.82

70 14/07/2006 14.44 26.97

71 15/07/2006 14.35 27.37

72 16/07/2006 13.58 27.62

73 17/07/2006 14.08 28.06

74 18/07/2006 6.77 26.91

75 19/07/2006 11.12 27.75

76 20/07/2006 13.94 27.93

77 21/07/2006 13.95 27.77

78 22/07/2006 12.51 27.47

79 23/07/2006 10.58 27.47

80 24/07/2006 10.16 27.36

81 25/07/2006 12.32 27.82

82 26/07/2006 12.64 28.03

83 27/07/2006 12.69 28.52

84 28/07/2006 12.12 29.26

f 29/07/2006 11.98 20.27

f 30/07/2006 11.98 20.27

f 31/07/2006 11.98 20.27

f 01/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 02/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 03/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 04/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 05/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 06/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 07/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 08/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 09/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 10/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 11/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 12/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 13/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 14/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 15/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 16/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 17/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 18/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 19/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 20/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 21/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 22/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 23/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 24/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 25/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 26/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 27/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 28/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 29/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 30/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 31/08/2006 11.98 20.27

f 01/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 02/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 03/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 04/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 05/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 06/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 07/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 08/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 09/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 10/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 11/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 12/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 13/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 14/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 15/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 16/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 17/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 18/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 19/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 20/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 21/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 22/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 23/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 24/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 25/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 26/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 27/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 28/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 29/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 30/09/2006 11.98 20.27

f 01/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 02/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 03/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 04/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 05/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 06/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 07/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 08/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 09/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 10/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 11/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 12/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 13/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 14/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 15/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 16/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 17/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 18/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 19/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 20/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 21/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 22/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 23/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 24/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 25/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 26/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 27/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 28/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 29/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 30/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 31/10/2006 11.98 20.27

f 01/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 02/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 03/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 04/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 05/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 06/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 07/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 08/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 09/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 10/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 11/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 12/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 13/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 14/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 15/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 16/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 17/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 18/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 19/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 20/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 21/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 22/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 23/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 24/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 25/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 26/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 27/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 28/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 29/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 30/11/2006 11.98 20.27

f 01/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 02/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 03/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 04/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 05/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 06/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 07/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 08/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 09/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 10/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 11/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 12/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 13/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 14/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 15/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 16/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 17/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 18/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 19/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 20/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 21/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 22/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 23/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 24/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 25/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 26/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 27/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 28/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 29/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 30/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 31/12/2006 11.98 20.27

f 01/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 02/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 03/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 04/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 05/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 06/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 07/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 08/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 09/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 10/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 11/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 12/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 13/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 14/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 15/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 16/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 17/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 18/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 19/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 20/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 21/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 22/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 23/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 24/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 25/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 26/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 27/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 28/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 29/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 30/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 31/01/2007 11.98 20.27

f 01/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 02/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 03/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 04/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 05/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 06/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 07/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 08/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 09/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 10/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 11/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 12/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 13/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 14/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 15/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 16/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 17/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 18/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 19/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 20/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 21/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 22/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 23/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 24/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 25/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 26/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 27/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 28/02/2007 11.98 20.27

f 01/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 02/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 03/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 04/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 05/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 06/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 07/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 08/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 09/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 10/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 11/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 12/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 13/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 14/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 15/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 16/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 17/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 18/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 19/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 20/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 21/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 22/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 23/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 24/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 25/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 26/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 27/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 28/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 29/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 30/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 31/03/2007 11.98 20.27

f 01/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 02/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 03/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 04/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 05/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 06/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 07/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 08/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 09/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 10/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 11/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 12/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 13/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 14/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 15/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 16/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 17/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 18/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 19/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 20/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 21/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 22/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 23/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 24/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 25/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 26/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 27/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 28/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 29/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 30/04/2007 11.98 20.27

f 01/05/2007 11.98 20.27

f 02/05/2007 11.98 20.27

f 03/05/2007 11.98 20.27

f 04/05/2007 11.98 20.27

f 05/05/2007 11.98 20.27

f 06/05/2007 11.98 20.27

Model parameters for daily crop ET simulation

LAI simulation ET simulation

Thermal age at planting (GDD, C°) 420

-0.3354 adim. 0.946

4.82 k adim. 0.69

755.3 0.188

134.7

Basal temperature (C°) 8

a1 (regression coefficient) b

1

a2 (regression coefficient)


2 L*m-2


1

SIMULHYDRO software

Input 3/5: growing system layout

Mixing tank volume 6

Substrate water content 10

12

VT (L m-2)

VS (L m-2)

Water volume used to wash off the substrate in occasion of each flushing

VW

(L m-2)

SIMULHYDRO software

Input (4/5): ion composition of irrigation water and reference nutrient solution, and crop ion uptake concentration

K Ca Mg Na Cl EC Electro-chemical neutrality test

3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20 14.10 14.10 1.53

3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20 14.10 14.10 1.53

0.56 10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 4.00 0.80 2.52 9.50 9.20 25.80 25.80 2.64

0.56 7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 3.25 0.80 2.42 9.50 9.20 22.30 22.30 2.31

K Ca Mg Na Cl EC Electro-chemical neutrality test

p

10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 3.55 0.60 1.50 0.18 0.18 15.18 15.66 1.63

7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 2.80 0.45 1.50 0.18 0.18 11.38 10.88 1.27

HCO3- N-NO

3N-NH

4P-H

2PO

4S-SO

4 Σ C+ Σ A-

mol m-3 eq m-3 dS m-1

Irrigation water (1st stage)

Irrigation water (2nd stage)

Reference nutrient solution (1st stage)

Reference nutrient solution (2nd stage)

N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4 Σ C+ Σ A-

mol m-3 eq m-3 dS m-1

Ion uptake concentration (1st stage)

Ion uptake concentration (2nd stage)

SIMULHYDRO software

Input (5/5): fertigation set parameters

Maximum EC 4.50 3.00 4.50 3.48 2.59

Set-point EC 3.00 3.00 3.00

1.00 1.00

Total fruit yield 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25

Strategy A (variable EC)

Strategy B (constant EC)

Strategy C (variable EC and

nutrient depletion)

Strategy D (Free-drain system)

1st stage 2nd stage

ECMAX

(dS m-1)

ECSP

(dS m-1)

Minimum N concentration in the recirculation nutrient solution

N-NO3MIN

(mol m-3)

(kg m-2)

Input summary table

Input 1/5: Crop chronology

Planting date (dd/mm/yyyy) 05/06/2006

06/29/2006

End of cultivation (dd/mm/yyyy) 07/28/2006

54

Growing period (days) 84

Input 2/5: daily crop transpiration (ET)

Daily crop ET will be calculate from the climate data inserted

LAI simulation ETE simulation


a1 (regression coefficient) -0.3354 b1 adim. 0.9457

a2 (regression coefficient) 4.823 k adim. 0.69

a3 (regression coefficient) 755.3 b2 L m-2 0.188

a4 (regression coefficient) 134.7



Mixing tank volume 6 Substrate water content 10

1612

Vs/V 0.63

Input (4/5): irrigation water, nutrient solution and crop uptake concentration

K Ca Mg Na Cl

Water irrigation (I stage) 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20

Water irrigation (II stage) 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20

Reference Nutrient solution (I stage) 0.56 10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 4.00 0.80 2.52 9.50 9.20

Reference Nutrient solution (II stage) 0.56 7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 3.25 0.80 2.42 9.50 9.20

K Ca Mg Na Cl

p

Nutrient uptake concentration (I stage) 10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 3.55 0.60 3.00 0.18 0.18

Nutrient uptake concentration (II stage) 7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 2.80 0.45 3.00 0.18 0.18



Maximum EC 4.50 3.00 4.50 3.48 2.59

EC set point 3.00 3.00 3.00

1.00 1.00



VT (L m-2) V

S (L m-2)

Total nutrient solution volume in the growing system V (L m-2)


VW

(L m-2)

HCO3- N-NO

3N-NH

4P-PO

4S-SO

4

mol m-3

N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4

mol m-3



Strategy C (variable EC and nutrient depletion)

1st stage 2nd stage

ECMAX

(dS m-1)

ECSP

(dS m-1)


N-NO3MIN

(mM)

SIMULHYDRO software

Input summary table


Planting date (dd/mm/yyyy) 05/06/2006

06/29/2006

End of cultivation (dd/mm/yyyy) 07/28/2006

54

Growing period (days) 84



LAI simulation ETE simulation


-0.3354 adim. 0.946

4.823 k adim. 0.69

755.3 0.188

134.7



Mixing tank volume 6 Substrate water content 10

16 12

Vs/V 0.63Dilution ratio of stock nutrient solution(s) 1: 100

Input (4/5): ion composition of irrigation water and reference nutrient solution, and ion crop uptake concentration

K Ca Mg Na Cl

3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20

3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20

0.56 10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 4.00 0.80 2.52 9.50 9.20

0.56 7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 3.25 0.80 2.42 9.50 9.20

K Ca Mg Na Cl

p

10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 3.55 0.60 1.50 0.18 0.18

7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 2.80 0.45 1.50 0.18 0.18



Maximum EC 4.50 3.00 4.50 3.48 2.59

EC set point 3.00 3.00 3.00

1.00 1.00

Total fruit yield 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25




1



2 L m-2


VT (L m-2) V

S (L m-2)

Total nutrient solution volume in the growing system V (L m-2)


VW (L m-2)

HCO3

- N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4

mol m-3





N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4

mol m-3






1st stage 2nd stage

ECMAX

(dS m-1)

ECSP

(dS m-1)


N-NO3MIN

(mM)

(kg m-2)

Simulazione LAI

420

-0.3354 adim. 0.9457

4.82 k adim. 0.69

755.3 0.188

134.7


Number day to simulate 84 4.82

Day RG T GDD E E cum.

MJ/m2 day °C 420 LAI mm mm

1 05/06/2006 13.70 20.8 433 0.10 0.53 0.53

2 05/07/2006 13.28 20.3 445 0.13 0.64 1.16

3 05/08/2006 11.98 20.3 457 0.17 0.71 1.88

4 05/09/2006 10.68 19.6 469 0.21 0.75 2.63

5 05/10/2006 6.02 19.6 480 0.26 0.57 3.20

6 05/11/2006 8.90 20.7 493 0.31 0.85 4.05

7 05/12/2006 15.00 22.3 507 0.37 1.50 5.54

8 05/13/2006 14.09 22.2 522 0.44 1.61 7.15

9 05/14/2006 6.97 20.8 534 0.50 0.98 8.13

10 05/15/2006 11.59 20.9 547 0.57 1.65 9.78

11 05/16/2006 12.12 20.6 560 0.64 1.87 11.64

12 05/17/2006 4.87 19.4 571 0.71 0.92 12.56

13 05/18/2006 10.63 19.2 583 0.79 1.90 14.47

14 05/19/2006 15.45 20.7 595 0.87 2.88 17.35

15 05/20/2006 15.02 21.3 609 0.96 3.00 20.35

16 05/21/2006 15.01 21.4 622 1.06 3.20 23.55

17 05/22/2006 9.40 21.8 636 1.17 2.20 25.74

18 05/23/2006 8.49 21.3 649 1.28 2.11 27.85

19 05/24/2006 14.92 22.5 664 1.40 3.75 31.60

20 05/25/2006 14.84 23.7 679 1.53 3.93 35.53

21 05/26/2006 15.35 25.0 696 1.69 4.26 39.80

22 05/27/2006 15.24 25.9 714 1.85 4.43 44.23

23 05/28/2006 15.19 25.8 732 2.02 4.60 48.82

24 05/29/2006 15.20 26.4 750 2.20 4.77 53.59

25 05/30/2006 13.96 26.0 768 2.37 4.53 58.12

26 05/31/2006 14.68 25.5 786 2.54 4.87 62.98

27 06/01/2006 12.64 26.1 804 2.70 4.31 67.30

28 06/02/2006 14.51 26.3 822 2.87 5.02 72.31

29 06/03/2006 14.95 26.6 841 3.04 5.25 77.56

30 06/04/2006 8.92 24.7 858 3.18 3.25 80.81

31 06/05/2006 13.89 26.0 876 3.32 5.01 85.82

32 06/06/2006 7.90 24.0 892 3.45 2.95 88.77

33 06/07/2006 15.24 24.4 908 3.57 5.57 94.34

34 06/08/2006 14.20 23.1 923 3.67 5.23 99.57

35 06/09/2006 5.22 21.3 936 3.76 2.05 101.62

36 06/10/2006 15.91 20.6 949 3.83 5.89 107.52

37 06/11/2006 9.55 20.4 961 3.90 3.63 111.14

38 06/12/2006 7.06 21.4 975 3.98 2.74 113.88

39 06/13/2006 10.48 23.2 990 4.05 3.99 117.87

40 06/14/2006 3.32 20.3 1002 4.11 1.40 119.26

41 06/15/2006 8.28 22.8 1017 4.18 3.21 122.47

42 06/16/2006 15.02 25.0 1034 4.24 5.68 128.14

43 06/17/2006 15.13 26.6 1053 4.31 5.73 133.87

44 06/18/2006 13.38 26.4 1071 4.37 5.10 138.97

45 06/19/2006 15.29 27.1 1090 4.43 5.81 144.78

46 06/20/2006 13.45 27.5 1110 4.48 5.14 149.93

47 06/21/2006 14.03 27.7 1129 4.52 5.36 155.29

48 06/22/2006 12.81 28.1 1149 4.56 4.92 160.21

49 06/23/2006 15.62 29.0 1170 4.60 5.96 166.17

50 06/24/2006 15.39 30.2 1193 4.63 5.88 172.06

51 06/25/2006 15.79 30.3 1215 4.66 6.04 178.09

52 06/26/2006 15.85 30.1 1237 4.68 6.06 184.16

53 06/27/2006 15.62 30.3 1259 4.70 5.98 190.14

54 06/28/2006 14.75 30.2 1281 4.72 5.66 195.80

55 06/29/2006 14.26 30.4 1304 4.74 5.48 201.28

56 06/30/2006 12.43 29.2 1325 4.75 4.81 206.09

57 07/01/2006 10.74 27.8 1345 4.76 4.18 210.27

58 07/02/2006 14.72 28.1 1365 4.77 5.66 215.92

59 07/03/2006 15.36 27.7 1385 4.78 5.90 221.82

60 07/04/2006 14.61 27.7 1404 4.78 5.62 227.44

61 07/05/2006 11.83 26.9 1423 4.79 4.59 232.03

62 07/06/2006 14.82 26.7 1442 4.79 5.70 237.73

63 07/07/2006 13.25 26.8 1461 4.80 5.12 242.84

64 07/08/2006 10.43 25.4 1478 4.80 4.07 246.91

65 07/09/2006 14.20 26.1 1496 4.80 5.47 252.38

66 07/10/2006 12.08 25.3 1513 4.80 4.68 257.06

67 07/11/2006 12.33 25.5 1531 4.81 4.77 261.84

68 07/12/2006 14.36 26.1 1549 4.81 5.53 267.37

69 07/13/2006 5.91 24.8 1566 4.81 2.39 269.75

70 07/14/2006 14.44 27.0 1585 4.81 5.56 275.32

71 07/15/2006 14.35 27.4 1604 4.81 5.53 280.84

72 07/16/2006 13.58 27.6 1624 4.81 5.24 286.08

73 07/17/2006 14.08 28.1 1644 4.82 5.43 291.51

74 07/18/2006 6.77 26.9 1663 4.82 2.71 294.22

75 07/19/2006 11.12 27.7 1682 4.82 4.33 298.54

76 07/20/2006 13.94 27.9 1702 4.82 5.38 303.92

77 07/21/2006 13.95 27.8 1722 4.82 5.38 309.30

78 07/22/2006 12.51 27.5 1742 4.82 4.84 314.14

79 07/23/2006 10.58 27.5 1761 4.82 4.12 318.26

80 07/24/2006 10.16 27.4 1780 4.82 3.97 322.23

81 07/25/2006 12.32 27.8 1800 4.82 4.77 327.00

82 07/26/2006 12.64 28.0 1820 4.82 4.89 331.89

83 07/27/2006 12.69 28.5 1841 4.82 4.91 336.80

84 07/28/2006 12.12 29.3 1862 4.82 4.70 341.50

Thermal age at planting (GDD, C°)


1



2 L m-2


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Evapotranspiration

Giorni

ET

E (

mm

/day

)

1

Day Ete daily ETE cum. Sol. Nutritiva Cnut

(mm/day) (mm) (l)

1 0.53 0.5263292 1.65 10.33 1.03 5.17 9.20 6.92 8.16 1.60 9.50 25.73 26.18 2.68 10.00 1.00 5.11 9.45 6.70 8.03 1.61 9.76 25.55 26.10 10.00 2.67

2 0.64 1.2 0.064 10.40 1.04 5.26 9.45 6.97 8.23 1.61 9.76 26.15 26.57 2.71 10.00 1.00 5.19 9.75 6.70 8.07 1.63 10.06 25.93 26.46 10.00 2.70

CNn-1

CPn-1

CSn-1

CCln-1

CKn-1

CCan-1

CMgn-1

CNan-1

A-n-1

C+n-1

ECn-1

CNn

CPn

CSn

CCln

CKn

CCan

CMgn

CNan

A-n

C+n

ECn


(mm/day) (mm) (l)

1 0.53 0.5263292 1.73 10.81 1.08 5.35 9.20 7.24 8.41 1.60 9.50 26.45 26.75 2.73 10.48 1.05 5.29 9.45 7.02 8.27 1.61 9.76 26.27 26.66 10.48 2.72

2 0.64 1.2 0.399 12.97 1.30 6.25 9.45 8.69 9.52 1.61 9.76 29.97 29.58 3.00 12.58 1.26 6.18 9.75 8.43 9.35 1.63 10.06 29.76 29.47 12.58 2.99

3 0.71 1.9 0.015 12.67 1.27 6.21 9.75 8.49 9.40 1.63 10.06 29.89 29.58 3.00 12.22 1.22 6.13 10.07 8.19 9.22 1.65 10.40 29.65 29.46 12.22 2.99

CNn-1

CPn-1

CSn-1

CCln-1

CKn-1

CCan-1

CMgn-1

CNan-1

A-n-1

C+n-1

ECn-1

CNn

CPn

CSn

CCln

CKn

CCan

CMgn

CNan

A-n

C+n

ECn


(mm/day) (mm) (l)

1 0.53 0.5263292 1.65 10.33 1.03 5.17 9.20 6.92 8.16 1.60 9.50 25.73 26.18 2.68 10.00 1.00 5.11 9.45 6.70 8.03 1.61 9.76 25.55 26.10 10.00 2.67

2 0.64 1.2 0.064 10.40 1.04 5.26 9.45 6.97 8.23 1.61 9.76 26.15 26.57 2.71 10.00 1.00 5.19 9.75 6.70 8.07 1.63 10.06 25.93 26.46 10.00 2.70

3 0.71 1.9 0.071 10.44 1.04 5.36 9.75 7.00 8.29 1.63 10.06 26.59 26.98 2.75 10.00 1.00 5.28 10.07 6.70 8.11 1.65 10.40 26.35 26.86 10.00 2.74

4

CNn-1

CPn-1

CSn-1

CCln-1

CKn-1

CCan-1

CMgn-1

CNan-1

A-n-1

C+n-1

ECn-1

CNn

CPn

CSn

CCln

CKn

CCan

CMgn

CNan

A-n

C+n

ECn

Input simulazione ETE Input tecn

B -0.3354 Vt (mm)

A 0.386 T 4.823 Vs (mm)

k 0.69 V50 755.3

C 0.188 SLOPE 134.7 V (mm)

V (litri)

Vs/V

Numero giorni da simulare 85

Numero righe da cancellare 3

delta EC 0.00

Total simulation rows 3

Day RG T GDD E E cum. Day

MJ/m2 day °C 420 LAI mm mm

1.0 05/06/2006 13.7 20.8 433 0.10 0.53 0.53 1

2.0 05/07/2006 13.3 20.3 445 0.13 0.64 1.16 2

3.0 05/08/2006 12.0 20.3 457 0.17 0.71 1.88 3

4.0 05/09/2006 10.7 19.6 469 0.21 0.75 2.63 4

5.0 05/10/2006 6.0 19.6 480 0.26 0.57 3.20

6.0 05/11/2006 8.9 20.7 493 0.31 0.85 4.05

7.0 05/12/2006 15.0 22.3 507 0.37 1.50 5.54

area coltiva

mm lavaggio

Portata irrigatori (mm/min)

1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 975 9 17 21 29 33 41 45 53 57 65 69 77 81 89 93 101

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Strategy A (med)

Giorni

ET

E (

mm

/day

)

8.0 05/13/2006 14.1 22.2 522 0.44 1.61 7.15

9.0 05/14/2006 7.0 20.8 534 0.50 0.98 8.13

10.0 05/15/2006 11.6 20.9 547 0.57 1.65 9.78

11.0 05/16/2006 12.1 20.6 560 0.64 1.87 11.64

12.0 05/17/2006 4.9 19.4 571 0.71 0.92 12.56

13.0 05/18/2006 10.6 19.2 583 0.79 1.90 14.47

14.0 05/19/2006 15.5 20.7 595 0.87 2.88 17.35

15.0 05/20/2006 15.0 21.3 609 0.96 3.00 20.35

16.0 05/21/2006 15.0 21.4 622 1.06 3.20 23.55

17.0 05/22/2006 9.4 21.8 636 1.17 2.20 25.74

18.0 05/23/2006 8.5 21.3 649 1.28 2.11 27.85

19.0 05/24/2006 14.9 22.5 664 1.40 3.75 31.60

20.0 05/25/2006 14.8 23.7 679 1.53 3.93 35.53

21.0 05/26/2006 15.3 25.0 696 1.69 4.26 39.80

22.0 05/27/2006 15.2 25.9 714 1.85 4.43 44.23

23.0 05/28/2006 15.2 25.8 732 2.02 4.60 48.82

24.0 05/29/2006 15.2 26.4 750 2.20 4.77 53.59

25.0 05/30/2006 14.0 26.0 768 2.37 4.53 58.12

26.0 05/31/2006 14.7 25.5 786 2.54 4.87 62.98

27.0 06/01/2006 12.6 26.1 804 2.70 4.31 67.30

28.0 06/02/2006 14.5 26.3 822 2.87 5.02 72.31

29.0 06/03/2006 14.9 26.6 841 3.04 5.25 77.56

30.0 06/04/2006 8.9 24.7 858 3.18 3.25 80.81

31.0 06/05/2006 13.9 26.0 876 3.32 5.01 85.82

32.0 06/06/2006 7.9 24.0 892 3.45 2.95 88.77

33.0 06/07/2006 15.2 24.4 908 3.57 5.57 94.34

34.0 06/08/2006 14.2 23.1 923 3.67 5.23 99.57

35.0 06/09/2006 5.2 21.3 936 3.76 2.05 101.62

36.0 06/10/2006 15.9 20.6 949 3.83 5.89 107.52

37.0 06/11/2006 9.6 20.4 961 3.90 3.63 111.14

38.0 06/12/2006 7.1 21.4 975 3.98 2.74 113.88

39.0 06/13/2006 10.5 23.2 990 4.05 3.99 117.87

40.0 06/14/2006 3.3 20.3 1002 4.11 1.40 119.26

41.0 06/15/2006 8.3 22.8 1017 4.18 3.21 122.47

42.0 06/16/2006 15.0 25.0 1034 4.24 5.68 128.14

43.0 06/17/2006 15.1 26.6 1053 4.31 5.73 133.87

44.0 06/18/2006 13.4 26.4 1071 4.37 5.10 138.97

45.0 06/19/2006 15.3 27.1 1090 4.43 5.81 144.78

46.0 06/20/2006 13.4 27.5 1110 4.48 5.14 149.93

47.0 06/21/2006 14.0 27.7 1129 4.52 5.36 155.29

48.0 06/22/2006 12.8 28.1 1149 4.56 4.92 160.21

49.0 06/23/2006 15.6 29.0 1170 4.60 5.96 166.17

50.0 06/24/2006 15.4 30.2 1193 4.63 5.88 172.06

51.0 06/25/2006 15.8 30.3 1215 4.66 6.04 178.09

52.0 06/26/2006 15.8 30.1 1237 4.68 6.06 184.16

53.0 06/27/2006 15.6 30.3 1259 4.70 5.98 190.14

54.0 06/28/2006 14.7 30.2 1281 4.72 5.66 195.80

55.0 06/29/2006 14.3 30.4 1304 4.74 5.48 201.28

56.0 06/30/2006 12.4 29.2 1325 4.75 4.81 206.09

57.0 07/01/2006 10.7 27.8 1345 4.76 4.18 210.27

58.0 07/02/2006 14.7 28.1 1365 4.77 5.66 215.92

59.0 07/03/2006 15.4 27.7 1385 4.78 5.90 221.82

60.0 07/04/2006 14.6 27.7 1404 4.78 5.62 227.44

61.0 07/05/2006 11.8 26.9 1423 4.79 4.59 232.03

62.0 07/06/2006 14.8 26.7 1442 4.79 5.70 237.73

63.0 07/07/2006 13.2 26.8 1461 4.80 5.12 242.84

64.0 07/08/2006 10.4 25.4 1478 4.80 4.07 246.91

65.0 07/09/2006 14.2 26.1 1496 4.80 5.47 252.38

66.0 07/10/2006 12.1 25.3 1513 4.80 4.68 257.06

67.0 07/11/2006 12.3 25.5 1531 4.81 4.77 261.84

68.0 07/12/2006 14.4 26.1 1549 4.81 5.53 267.37

69.0 07/13/2006 5.9 24.8 1566 4.81 2.39 269.75

70.0 07/14/2006 14.4 27.0 1585 4.81 5.56 275.32

71.0 07/15/2006 14.3 27.4 1604 4.81 5.53 280.84

72.0 07/16/2006 13.6 27.6 1624 4.81 5.24 286.08

73.0 07/17/2006 14.1 28.1 1644 4.82 5.43 291.51

74.0 07/18/2006 6.8 26.9 1663 4.82 2.71 294.22

75.0 07/19/2006 11.1 27.7 1682 4.82 4.33 298.54

76.0 07/20/2006 13.9 27.9 1702 4.82 5.38 303.92

77.0 07/21/2006 14.0 27.8 1722 4.82 5.38 309.30

78.0 07/22/2006 12.5 27.5 1742 4.82 4.84 314.14

79.0 07/23/2006 10.6 27.5 1761 4.82 4.12 318.26

80.0 07/24/2006 10.2 27.4 1780 4.82 3.97 322.23

81.0 07/25/2006 12.3 27.8 1800 4.82 4.77 327.00

82.0 07/26/2006 12.6 28.0 1820 4.82 4.89 331.89

83.0 07/27/2006 12.7 28.5 1841 4.82 4.91 336.80

84.0 07/28/2006 12.1 29.3 1862 4.82 4.70 341.50

t tecnologici Input fisiologici (mEq)

I Stage II Stage I Stage II Stage

6 10.00 7.00 6.70 4.70

10 1.00 0.70 7.10 5.60

10 3.00 3.00 1.20 0.90

16 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

160.00 Somma A- 14.18 10.88 Somma C+ 15.18 11.38

0.63

18 3.48 2.5900 54

1.5

Ete daily ETE cum. Sol. Nutritiva

(mm/day) (mm) (l)

0.53 0.526329 1.11 10.00 1.00 9.20 6.70 8.00

0.64 1.2 0.013 10.00 1.00 9.20 6.70 8.00

0.71 1.9 0.014 10.00 1.00 9.20 6.70 8.00

CNup

CKup

CPup

CCaup

CSup

CMgup

CClup

CNaup

ECMax

(mS/cmDay to change

CNn-1

CPn-1

CSn-1

CCln-1

CKn-1

CCan-1

Input acqua irrigua (mEq) Input sol


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 3.00 3.00

1.20 1.20 1.60 1.60

9.20 9.20 9.50 9.50

Somma A- 10.40 10.40 Somma C+ 14.10 14.10 Somma A-

Day to Change I to II 54 Fattore dilu

Number of days simulated 84

Concentrazioni nel drenato

1.60 9.50 2.64 10.0000 1.0000 16.5295

1.60 9.50 2.64 10.0000 1.0000 16.5295

1.60 9.50 2.64 10.0000 1.0000 16.5295

CNi

CKi

CNns

CPi

CCai

CPns

CSi

CMgi

CSns

CCli

CNai

CClns

CMgn-1

CNan-1

A-n-1

C+n-1

ECn-1

CNNS

CPn

CSn

CCln

t soluzione nutritiva


10.00 7.00 6.70 4.70

1.00 0.70 5.00 3.50

3.84 3.64 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14.84 11.34 Somma C+ 11.70 8.20

diluizione 1: 100 Day to Change I to II 54

Cnut

6.7000 9.2630 1.9886 17.0685 27.53 35.02 10.00 3.52

6.7000 9.2630 1.9886 17.0685 27.53 35.02 10.00 3.52

6.7000 9.2630 1.9886 17.0685 27.53 35.02 10.00 3.52

CKns

CCans

CMgns

CNans

CKn

CCan

CMgn

CNan

A-n

C+n

ECn

Results

Table 4 (Total) Tot I II

1.9 1.9 -

- - -

Number of flushing - - -

1.9 1.9 0.0

17.9 1.9 16.0

W (mm) 3.8 3.8 0.0

19.8 3.8 16.0

9.56 1.03 -

0.91 0.51 1.00

Media I II

LF 0.507 0.507 0.760

LR 1.029 1.03 3.17

Table 6 Balance for N,P,K,Ca, Mg, Na

Ntot N I N II P Tot

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.9 1.9 0.00 0.4

1.9 1.9 0.0 0.4

0.7 0.3 0.42 0.2

1.4 0.31

2.1 0.5

-0.2 0.0

mean er.st n mean

10.00 0.00 3 1.00

0.00 0.00 0 0.00

10.00 0.00 3 1.00

NS Runoff Daily nutrient run-off

Run off I stage Run off II stage N P K Na

1.93 0.00 0.27 0.06 0.51 0.76

0.54 0.076 0.017 0.142 0.213

0.66 0.092 0.020 0.172 0.258

0.73 0.102 0.023 0.192 0.287

WU (L m-2)

WL for each flushing (L m-2)

WL (L m-2)

WL + WL end (L m-2)

WUSE

(L m-2)

LRTOT

LFTOT

Supply from water, (IUSE

) (g/m2)

Supply from stock NS, (IUSE

) (g/m2)

Total supply, (IUSE

) (g/m2)

Leached (IL) (g/m2)

Ion at the end of cycle (g/m2)

Total ion leached (IL) (g/m2)

Ion Uptake (IU) (g/m2)

Mean CI Lea

I (mol m-3)

Mean CILea

II (mol m-3)

Mean CILea

average (mol m-3)

Sum (L/m2) Sum (L/m2) Sum (g/m2) Sum (g/m2) Sum (g/m2) Sum (g/m2)

16.53

P I PII K Tot K I K II Na Tot Na I Na II

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.8 3.5

0.4 0.00 3.6 3.6 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.00

0.4 0.0 3.6 3.6 0.0 4.3 0.8 3.5

0.1 0.09 1.1 0.5 0.62 0.8 0.8 0.0

0.00 3.80

1.1 4.6

2.5 -0.2

er.st n mean er.st n mean er.st n

0.00 3 6.70 0.00 3 17.07 0.00 3

0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 3 6.70 0.00 0 17.07 0.00 3

Supply I Drainage concentration (run-off) (I stage)

Ca Mg L Stock N P K Na Ca

mE mE mE mE mE

0.36 0.05 1.13 10.00 1.00 6.70 17.07 9.26

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.101 0.013 1.107 10.00 1.00 6.70 17.07 9.26

0.122 0.016 0.013 10.00 1.00 6.70 17.07 9.26

0.136 0.018 0.014 10.00 1.00 6.70 17.07 9.26

Sum (g/m2) Sum (g/m2) L/m2

Table 5 Mean er.st n

3.1 0.00 3

10.0 0.00 3

1.0 0.00 3 Table 5

6.7 0.00 3 Mean ECDren (dS

4.3 0.00 3 Mean Ndre (mol m-

0.9 0.00 3 Mean Nadre (mol

13.3 0.00 3 Mean ECsub (dS

Mean Nsub (mol m-

Mean Nasub(mol

Risultati drenaCa Tot Ca I Ca II Mg Tot Mg I Mg II

1.2 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.5 EC

1.4 1.4 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.00

2.6 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.5

0.7 0.4 0.30 0.0 0.0 0.00

1.34 1.13

2.0 1.2

0.6 -0.6

mean er.st n mean er.st n

4.63 0.00 3 0.99 0.00 3

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

4.63 0.00 3 0.99 0.00 3

Data relative to the first stage

) Substrate concentration (I stage)

Mg N P K Na Ca Mg EC

mE mE mE mE mE mE mE

1.99 10.00 1.00 6.70 13.28 8.63 1.79 3.08

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.99 10.00 1.00 6.70 13.28 8.63 1.79 3.08

1.99 10.00 1.00 6.70 13.28 8.63 1.79 3.08

1.99 10.00 1.00 6.70 13.28 8.63 1.79 3.08

Mean ECNS

(dS m-1)

Mean NNS

(mol m-3)

Mean PNS

(mol m-3)

Mean KNS

(mol m-3)

Mean CaNS

(mol m-3)

Mean MgNS

(mol m-3)

Mean NaNS

(mol m-3)

NAVFL

PAVFL

KAVFL

NaAVFL

dS m-1

Total I stage II stage

n (dS m-1) 3.52 0.00 3

mol m-3) 10.0 0.00 3

mol m-3) 17.1 0.00 3

(dS m-1) 3.1 0.00 3 3.08 0.00

mol m-3) 10.0 0.00 3 10.00 0.00

mol m-3) 13.3 0.000 3 13.28 0.00

enatoer.st N

3.4800 2.5900 3.52 0.00 3

10.0000 7.0000 10.00 0.00 3

1.0000 0.7000 1.00 0.00 3

6.7000 4.7000 5.99 0.00 3

17.0685 11.9583 15.24 0.00 3

Data relative to the second stage

Supply I Drainage concentration (run-off) (II stage) Subs

L Stock N P K Na Ca Mg N P

mE mE mE mE mE mE mE mE

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

L/m2

Cumulated evapotranspiration

Substrate concentration (II stage) LF

K Na Ca Mg EC ETE 1 cum. ETE 2 cum.

mE mE mE mE

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.88 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.000 0.53 -

0.000 1.16 -

0.000 1.88 -

dS m-1 Sum (L/m2) Sum (L/m2)

Run off stage

0.54

0.66

0.73

(L m-2)

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Table 1. Input used for the simulation: growing system layout and fertirrigation set parameters.

Parameter

6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10

12 12 12 -

4.50 3.00 4.50 3.48 2.59

Set-point EC of recirculating NS 3.0 3.0 3.0 -

Minimum N concentration in the recirculation NS - 1.0 1.0 -

Parameter

Ion concentration and EC

K Ca Mg Na Cl EC

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20 1.53

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20 1.53

10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 4.00 0.80 2.52 9.50 9.20 2.19

7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 3.25 0.80 2.42 9.50 9.20 1.92

K Ca Mg Na Cl EC

p p

10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 3.55 0.60 1.50 0.18 0.18 1.78

7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 2.80 0.45 1.50 0.18 0.18 1.42




nutrient depletion)

Strategy D (open system)

1st stage 2nd stage

Mixing tank volume (VT, L m-2)

Substrate water content (VS, L m-2)

Water volume used to wash off the substrate in occasion of each flushing (V

W, L m-2)

Maximum EC of recirculating NS (dS m-1)

Table 2. Input used for the simulation: ion concentration and EC of irrigation water and reference nutrient solution; uptake concentration of nutritive and ballast ions.

N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4

(mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (dS m-1)





N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4

(mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (dS m-1)



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Table 3. Water balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter

Mean st.dev. Mean st.dev. Mean st.dev. Mean st.dev.

1.88 - 1.88 - 1.88 - 1.88

Number of flushings 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - -

16.00 - 16.00 - 16.00 - 17.93

17.88 - 17.88 - 17.88 - 3.81

Leaching fraction (LF) 0.90 - 0.90 - 0.90 - 1.03

2.70 0.02 2.90 0.09 2.70 0.02 3.08 0.00

11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25

629.36 629.36 629.36 2956.36

Table 4. Nitrogen and phosphourus balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter

Mean Mean Mean Mean

2.5 0.5 2.5 1.9

2.2 2.7 2.2 2.1

0.3 -2.2 0.3 -0.2

4.5 21.5 4.5 5.8

0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

20.3 17.0 20.3 26.3




nutrient depletion)


Crop water uptake ( L m-2)

Water leachate including NS volume in the system at the end of growing cycle (L m-2)

Water use (WUSE,

L m-2)

ECNS

(dS m-1)

Total fruit yield (kg m-2) (data from user)

Water Use Efficiency (Kg m-3)



Strategy C (variable EC +

nutrient depletion)


Total supply, (Nsupply

) (g m-2)

Total N leached (NL) (g m-2)

N Uptake (NU) (g m-2)

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg N g-1)

Total supply, (Psupply

) (g m-2)

Total P leached (PL) (g m-2)

P apparent uptake (PU) (g m-2)

Phosphorous Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg P g-1)

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Table 1. Input used for the simulation: growing system layout and fertirrigation set parameters.

Parameter

6 6 6 6

10 10 10 10

12 12 12 -

4.50 3.00 4.50 3.48 2.59

Set-point EC of recirculating NS 3.0 3.0 3.0 -

Minimum N concentration in the recirculation NS - 1.0 1.0 -

Table 2. Input used for the simulation: ion concentration and EC of irrigation water and reference nutrient solution; uptake concentration of nutritive and ballast ions.

Parameter

Ion concentration and EC

K Ca Mg Na Cl EC

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20 1.53

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20 1.53

10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 4.00 0.80 2.52 9.50 9.20 2.19

7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 3.25 0.80 2.42 9.50 9.20 1.92

K Ca Mg Na Cl EC

p p

10.00 0.00 1.00 6.70 3.55 0.60 1.50 0.18 0.18 1.78

7.00 0.00 0.70 4.70 2.80 0.45 1.50 0.18 0.18 1.42




nutrient depletion)


1st stage 2nd stage

Mixing tank volume (VT, L m-2)

Substrate water content (VS, L m-2)

Water volume used to wash off the substrate in occasion of each flushing (V

W, L m-2)

Maximum EC of recirculating NS (dS m-1)

N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4

(mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (dS m-1)





N-NO3

N-NH4

P-PO4

S-SO4

(mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (mol m-3) (dS m-1)



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Table 3. Water balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter


Maximun LAI 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82

1.88 - 1.88 - 1.88 - 1.88

Number of flushings 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - -

16.00 - 16.00 - 16.00 - 17.93

17.88 - 17.88 - 17.88 - 3.81

Leaching fraction (LF) 0.90 - 0.90 - 0.90 - 1.03

First flushing (days from the start) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - -

Flushing frequency (days) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25

629.36 629.36 629.36 2956.36

Table 4. Mean values of EC and ion concentrations in the nutrient solution recirculated in semi-closed systems (A-C) or drained out from open system.

ParameterStrategy A (variable EC) Strategy B (constant EC) Strategy D (open system)

Mean st.dev. n Mean st.dev. n Mean st.dev. n Mean st.dev. n

2.70 0.02 3 2.90 0.09 3 2.70 0.02 3 3.08 0.00 3

10.00 0.00 3 11.76 0.65 3 10.00 0.00 3 10.00 0.00 3

1.00 0.00 3 1.18 0.06 3 1.00 0.00 3 1.00 0.00 3

6.70 0.00 3 7.88 0.43 3 6.70 0.00 3 6.70 0.00 3

4.03 0.02 3 4.47 0.34 3 4.03 0.02 3 4.32 0.00 3

0.81 0.01 3 0.81 0.01 3 0.81 0.01 3 0.90 0.00 3

10.07 0.19 3 10.07 0.19 3 10.07 0.19 3 13.28 0.00 3




nutrient depletion)


Crop water uptake ( L m-2)

Water leachate including NS volume in the system at the end of growing cycle (L m-2)

Water use (WUSE,

L m-2)


Water Use Efficiency (Kg m-3)

Strategy C (variable EC and final depletion)

ECNS

(dS m-1)

NNS

(mol m-3)

PNS

(mol m-3)

KNS

(mol m-3)

CaNS

(mol m-3)

MgNS

(mol m-3)

NaNS

(mol m-3)

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Table 5. Mean values of EC and ion concentrations in the nutrient solution recirculated in semi-closed systems before flushing.

Parameter

Values at the time of flushing

Strategy A (variable EC) Strategy B (constant EC)

Mean st.dev. n Mean st.dev. n Mean st.dev. n

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

Table 6. Mean values of EC and ion concentrations in the nutrient solution recirculated in semi-closed systems after flushing.

Parameter

Values after flushing and EC adjustament

Strategy A (variable EC) Strategy B (constant EC)

Mean st.dev. n Mean st.dev. n Mean st.dev. n

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0


ECNS

F (dS m-1)

NNS

F (mol m-3)

PNS

F (mol m-3)

KNS

F (mol m-3)

CaNS

F (mol m-3)

MgNS

F (mol m-3)

NaNS

F (mol m-3)


ECNS

AF (dS m-1)

NNS

AF (mol m-3)

PNS

AF (mol m-3)

KNS

AF (mol m-3)

CaNS

AF (mol m-3)

MgNS

AF (mol m-3)

NaNS

AF (mol m-3)

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Table 7. Nitrogen balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter


0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.5 0.5 2.5 1.9

2.5 0.5 2.5 1.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

2.2 2.7 2.2 1.4

2.2 2.7 2.2 2.1

0.3 -2.2 0.3 -0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0

11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3

4.5 21.5 4.5 5.8

Table 8. Phosphourus balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter


0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4

0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3




nutrient depletion)


Supply from water, (NIW

) (g m-2)

Supply from stock NS, (NNS

) (g m-2)

Total supply, (Nsupply

) (g m-2)

Leached (NL) (g/m2)

N present in the RNS at the end of cycle (g m-2)

Total N leached (NL) (g m-2)

N Uptake (NU) (g m-2)

N mean concentration in the leachate (NL, mol m-3)

Total fruit yield (kg/m2) (data from user)

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg N g-1)




nutrient depletion)


Supply from water, (PIW

) (g m-2)

Supply from stock NS, (PNS

) (g m-2)

Total supply, (Psupply

) (g m-2)

Leached (PL) (g/m2)

P present in the RNS at the end of cycle (g m-2)

Total P leached (PL) (g m-2)

P apparent uptake (PU) (g m-2)

P mean concentration on the leachate (PL, mol m-3)


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20.3 17.0 20.3 26.3Phosphorous Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg P g-1)

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Table 9. Potassium balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter


0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.7 5.6 4.7 3.6

4.7 5.6 4.7 3.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

4.2 5.1 4.2 0.0

4.2 5.1 4.2 1.1

0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0

11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3

2.4 2.0 2.4 3.1

Table 10. Sodium balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter


3.9 3.9 3.9 4.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3.9 3.9 3.9 4.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

3.8 3.8 3.8 4.6

0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.1 0.0

11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3

2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6




nutrient depletion)


Supply from water, (KIW

) (g m-2)

Supply from stock NS, (KNS

) (g m-2)

Total supply, (Ksupply

) (g m-2)

Leached (KL) (g/m2)

K present in the RNS at the end of cycle (g m-2)

Total K leached (KL) (g m-2)

K apparent uptake (KU) (g m-2)

K mean concentration in the leachate (KL, mol m-3)


Potassium Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg K g-1)




nutrient depletion)


Supply from water, (NaIW

) (g m-2)

Supply from stock NS, (NaNS

) (g m-2)

Total supply, (Nasupply

) (g m-2)

Leached (NaL) (g/m2)

Na present in the RNS at the end of cycle (g m-2)

Total Na leached (NaL) (g m-2)

Na apparent uptake (NaU) (g m-2)

Na mean concentration in the leachate (NaL, mol m-3)


Sodium Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg Na g-1)

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Table 11. Calcium balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter


1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

1.8 2.1 1.8 1.4

2.9 3.2 2.9 2.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

2.6 3.0 2.6 1.3

2.6 3.0 2.6 2.0

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0

11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3

3.9 3.5 3.9 4.4

Table 12. Magnesium balance sheet for different fertirrigation strategies.

Parameter


0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1

0.3 0.3 0.3 1.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3

32.4 32.4 32.4 19.2




nutrient depletion)


Supply from water, (CaIW

) (g m-2)

Supply from stock NS, (CaNS

) (g m-2)

Total supply, (Casupply

) (g m-2)

Leached (CaL) (g/m2)

Ca present in the RNS at the end of cycle (g m-2)

Total Ca leached (CaL) (g m-2)

Ca apparent uptake (CaU) (g m-2)

Ca mean concentration in the leachate (CaL, mol m-3)


Calcium Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg Ca g-1)




nutrient depletion)


Supply from water, (MgIW

) (g m-2)

Supply from stock NS, (MgNS

) (g m-2)

Total supply, (Mgsupply

) (g m-2)

Leached (MgL) (g/m2)

Mg present in the RNS at the end of cycle (g m-2)

Total Mg leached (MgL) (g m-2)

Mg apparent uptake (MgU) (g m-2)

Mean magnesium leached (MgL, mol m-3)


Magnesium Use Efficiency (Fruit Kg Mg g-1)

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Crop evapotranspiration and LAI development

EC of the recirculating or drainage (open system) nutrient solution

0 20 40 60 80 100

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Crop evapotranspiration (ET)

Days from planting

Cro

p E

T (

L m

-2)

0 20 40 60 80 100

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

LAI

Days from planting

Le

af

Are

a In

de

x

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

Strategy B (Constant EC )

Days from planting

EC

NS

(d

S m

-1)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00


Day from planting

EC

NS

(d

S m

-1)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00


Days from planting

EC

NS

(d

S m

-1)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00


Days from planting

EC

NS

(d

S m

-1)

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Nitrogen and phophourus concentration in the recirculating or drainage (open system) nutrient solution

Potassium concentration in the recirculating or drainage (open system) nutrient solution

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00


Days from planting

NN

S, P

NS

(m

M)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Strategy B (Constant EC)

Days from planting

NN

S, P

NS

(m

M)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00


Days from planting

NN

S,

PN

S (

mM

)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00


Days from planting

NN

S, P

NS

(m

M)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00


Days from planting

KN

S (

mM

)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00


Days from planting

KN

S (

mM

)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00


Days from planting

KN

S (

mM

)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00


Days from planting

KN

S (

mM

)

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Sodium and chloride concentration in the recirculating or drainage (open system) nutrient solution

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00


Days from planting

Na

NS

, C

lNS

(m

M)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00


Days from planting

Na

NS

, C

lNS

(m

M)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00


Days from planting

Na

NS

, C

lNS

(m

M)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00


Days from planting

Na

NS

, C

lNS

(m

M)

Days to simulate 85 Rows to delete 4

Ion concentration and EC in the reci

Day Daily ET Cumulated ET N P Cl K Ca

1 0.53 0.53 10.00 1.00 9.45 6.70 4.01

2 0.64 1.16 10.00 1.00 9.75 6.70 4.03

3 0.71 1.88 10.00 1.00 10.07 6.70 4.05

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

































L m-2 L m-2 mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3



























































4


recirculating NS Water and

Mg Na EC N daily loss P daily loss

0.81 9.76 2.67

0.81 10.06 2.70

0.82 10.40 2.74

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

































Water daily leachate

mol m-3 mol m-3 dS m-1 L m-2 g m-2 g m-2



























































er and nutrient daily leachate

K daily loss Ca daily loss Mg daily loss Day

1

2

3

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

































Na daily loss

g m-2 g m-2 g m-2 g m-2



























































#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

4

Ion concentration and EC in the recirc

Daily ET N P Cl K Ca

0.53 0.53 10.48 1.05 9.45 7.02 4.14

0.64 1.16 12.58 1.26 9.75 8.43 4.68

0.71 1.88 12.22 1.22 10.07 8.19 4.61

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

































Cumulated ET

































































circulating NS Water and nutrient daily

Mg Na EC N daily loss P daily loss K daily loss

0.81 9.76 2.72

0.81 10.06 2.99

0.82 10.40 2.99



































mol m-3 mol m-3 dS m-1 L m-2 g m-2 g m-2 g m-2































































daily leachate

Ca daily loss Mg daily loss Na daily loss Day Daily ET Cumulated ET

1 0.53 0.53

2 0.64 1.16

3 0.71 1.88


































g m-2 g m-2 g m-2 L m-2 L m-2























































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Ion concentration and EC in the recirculating NS

N P Cl K Ca Mg Na EC

10.00 1.00 9.45 6.70 4.01 0.81 9.76 2.67

10.00 1.00 9.75 6.70 4.03 0.81 10.06 2.70

10.00 1.00 10.07 6.70 4.05 0.82 10.40 2.74

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mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3 mol m-3 dS m-1 L m-2























































Water and nutrient daily leachate

Day

1

2

3


































N daily loss

P daily loss

K daily loss

Ca daily loss

Mg daily loss

Na daily loss

g m-2 g m-2 g m-2 g m-2 g m-2 g m-2

















































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S

Ion concentration and EC in the free

Daily ET Cumulated ET N P Cl K Ca

0.53 0.53 10.00 1.00 16.53 6.70 9.26

0.64 1.16 10.00 1.00 16.53 6.70 9.26

0.71 1.88 10.00 1.00 16.53 6.70 9.26




















































































free drainage Water and nutrient daily

Mg Na EC N daily loss P daily loss K daily loss

1.99 17.07 3.52 0.54 0.08 0.02 0.14

1.99 17.07 3.52 0.66 0.09 0.02 0.17

1.99 17.07 3.52 0.73 0.10 0.02 0.19



































mol m-3 mol m-3 dS m-1 L m-2 g m-2 g m-2 g m-2

















































daily leachate

0.10 0.01 0.21

0.12 0.02 0.26

0.14 0.02 0.29

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Ca daily loss

Mg daily loss

Na daily loss

g m-2 g m-2 g m-2

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Input su


Planting date (dd/mm/yyyy)


End of cultivation (dd/mm/yyyy)


Growing period (days)



LAI simulation


a1 (regression coefficient) -0.3354






Mixing tank volume VT (L m-2) 6

V (L m-2) 16Total nutrient solution volume in the growing system

Vs/V 0.63

Input (4/5): irrigation water, nutrient solution and crop uptake co

HCO3- N-NO3 N-NH4

mol m-3

Water irrigation (I stage) 3.70 0.00 0.00

Water irrigation (II stage) 3.70 0.00 0.00

Reference Nutrient solution (I stage) 0.56 10.00 0.00

Reference Nutrient solution (II stage) 0.56 7.00 0.00

N-NO3 N-NH4

Nutrient uptake concentration (I stage) 10.00 0.00

Nutrient uptake concentration (II stage) 7.00 0.00


Maximum EC ECMAX (dS m-1) 4.50

EC set point ECSP (dS m-1) 3.00

N-NO3MIN (mM)



t summary table

05/06/2006

06/29/2006

07/28/2006

54

84

ETE simulation

b1 adim. 0.9457

k adim. 0.69

b2 L m-2 0.188

Substrate water content VS (L m-2) 10

VW (L m-2) 12Water volume used to wash off the substrate in occasion of each flushing

ake concentration

P-PO4 K Ca Mg S-SO4 Na Cl

0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20

0.00 0.00 1.50 0.80 0.60 9.50 9.20

1.00 6.70 4.00 0.80 2.52 9.50 9.20

0.70 4.70 3.25 0.80 2.42 9.50 9.20

P-PO4 K Ca Mg S-SO4 Na Cl

mol m-3 p

1.00 6.70 3.55 0.60 3.00 0.18 0.18

0.70 4.70 2.80 0.45 3.00 0.18 0.18


1st stage 2nd stage

3.00 4.50 3.48 2.59

3.00 3.00

1.00 1.00



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