J. Turk. Phytopath., Yol.27, No.2-3, I5l-156, 1998 CORRIGENDUM rssN 0378 - 8024 Smut Species Determined in Ttirkiye Nurettin $AHIN Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Mulla, 48000 Mugla/TUnriYe A. tisame TAMER Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Celal Bayar University, 45040 Manisa/TURfiYs ABSTRACT Smut species determined in Tiirkiye up to now have been presented in a table. Most of the 45 smut fungi have been reported on Graminea. Twenty of them belong to the genus Ustilago, I to Tilletia, 6 to Urocystis, T to Sphacelotheca, 1 to Anthracoidea, 1 to Cintractia, T to Entorrhiza and I to Tolyposporium. INTRODUCTION Studies concerning Turkish smuts were merely limited a number of species causing to economical loss in grain. The losses of wheat yield due to cause of smut have been about 15-20 Vo per years (Anonymus, 1995; 1996). For this reason most of the investigations on this topic are based on wheat smuts studied by Ozkan, 1956 (14), Pallak and Karaca, 1976 (16), Akga et al., 1995 (l). The Turkish mycoflora has firstly been investigated by Bremer et al., 1952 (6). The aim of the present article was to compose the smut species determined in our recent studies and reported in other several publications by reviewing carefully their synonyms. DISCUSSION Smut species determined in Ti.irkiye by us and others so far have been listed in the Table l. As it is clearly seen there are totally 45 smut species belonging to 8 genera. It has been seen that following genus and species have been changed, and no longer used or became synonymus according to studies related to the systematics of smut (Ellis and Ellis, 1985 (7); Viennot-Bourgin, 1956 (24); Vanky, 1981; 1994 (22-23)). Cin- tractia caricis, Tilletia tiritici, T. brevifaciens, T. foetida, Sphacelotheca cruenta, S. des- turens, ischaemi and reliana, S. schweinfurthiana, S. sorghi and Ustilago sorghi, Tolyposporium ehrenbergii, Urocystis cepulae and colchici, Ustilago levis and nigra, U. brontivora, U. kolleri and segetum, U. major, [J. zeae are synonyms of Anthracoidea caricis, Tilletia caries, T. controversct, T. laevis, Sporisoriunr cruentum, S. destruents, S. schweinfurthianum, S. sorghi, S. ehrenbergii, Urocystis magica, Ustilago avenqe, 151
Transcript
J. Turk. Phytopath., Yol.27, No.2-3, I5l-156, 1998
CORRIGENDUM
rssN 0378 - 8024
Smut Species Determined in Ttirkiye
Nurettin $AHINDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Arts and
Sciences, University of Mulla,48000 Mugla/TUnriYe
A. tisame TAMERDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Arts and
Smut species determined in Tiirkiye up to now have been presented in a table.Most of the 45 smut fungi have been reported on Graminea. Twenty of them belong tothe genus Ustilago, I to Tilletia, 6 to Urocystis, T to Sphacelotheca, 1 to Anthracoidea,1 to Cintractia, T to Entorrhiza and I to Tolyposporium.
INTRODUCTION
Studies concerning Turkish smuts were merely limited a number of speciescausing to economical loss in grain. The losses of wheat yield due to cause of smut havebeen about 15-20 Vo per years (Anonymus, 1995; 1996). For this reason most of theinvestigations on this topic are based on wheat smuts studied by Ozkan, 1956 (14),Pallak and Karaca, 1976 (16), Akga et al., 1995 (l). The Turkish mycoflora has firstlybeen investigated by Bremer et al., 1952 (6). The aim of the present article was tocompose the smut species determined in our recent studies and reported in other severalpublications by reviewing carefully their synonyms.
DISCUSSION
Smut species determined in Ti.irkiye by us and others so far have been listed inthe Table l. As it is clearly seen there are totally 45 smut species belonging to 8 genera.It has been seen that following genus and species have been changed, and no longerused or became synonymus according to studies related to the systematics of smut (Ellisand Ellis, 1985 (7); Viennot-Bourgin, 1956 (24); Vanky, 1981; 1994 (22-23)). Cin-tractia caricis, Tilletia tiritici, T. brevifaciens, T. foetida, Sphacelotheca cruenta, S. des-turens, ischaemi and reliana, S. schweinfurthiana, S. sorghi and Ustilago sorghi,Tolyposporium ehrenbergii, Urocystis cepulae and colchici, Ustilago levis and nigra, U.brontivora, U. kolleri and segetum, U. major, [J. zeae are synonyms of Anthracoideacaricis, Tilletia caries, T. controversct, T. laevis, Sporisoriunr cruentum, S. destruents, S.schweinfurthianum, S. sorghi, S. ehrenbergii, Urocystis magica, Ustilago avenqe,
151
SMUT SPECIES DETERMINED IN TURKIYE
IJ. bultata, IJ. tritici, Microbotryuttt nwjor, Ustilago maydis respectively. From the table(Table 2) prepared according to the comparison mentioned above, it has beendetermined that the smuts identified in Tiirkiye up to now have totally 29 speciesbelonging to 7 genera; 1 Anthracoidea, 7 Entorrhiza, 5 Tilletia, 5 Sporisorum, 5 Uro-cystis, 1l Ustilago, 1 Microbotryum.
Table 1. The list of smut fungi reported up to now in Tiirkiye
Fungus Locality & References
Anthruaitleu caricis (Pers.) BrefCintractiu caricls (Pers.) Magn.En to r rhiza c yyt er iutla (Magnus) C.Sp I uce ktt hecu c nte ntu Kihn.Splnceknhecu desturens (Schl.) Rabh.Sphttce kil heca isc I urc nri (Fluck) ClintS pl tace k tt hecu re i I iunu Kihn.Sp hac e ktt hec a sc lnve inJil rthiana (ThiinD Sacc.SSt huce k tlrcc a sorgli (Link) Clinton
S1t huc e I o t I rcc a panici -trti Ii a c c i (Pers) BubakTilletiq bornnutelieri P. Magn.Tilletia breviJitcierr.r C.W. FischerTilletiu caries (DC.) L.R & C. TulTi I let iu c u fi ruv er.ra Ki.ihn.Ti I I e r iu.fbet ida (Wallr.) Liro
T il I e tia in te rme dia Ca.ssnerTilletiu seculis (Corda.) F. KiirnickeTilletiu tritici (Bjerck.) R. Woltf
To I yltospo r ir.ut r e h re nbe r gi i (Kiihn) Pat.Untcystis onenune (Pers.) WinterU ntcltstis agvorlrl (Preuss) SchroetU ro<:ystis cepulae FroslU roc yst is at lc hici (Schlecht.) Rabenh.U rocystis occultu (\N alb.) Rabenh.Urocystis violae (Sow.) Fisch. V. Waldh.Ustilago (Pers.) Roussel. sp.Ustilago averute (P) Jensen.Ustiktl4o broniwtru (Tul.) Fisch v. waldn
U s t i ltt 1go c rume ri Koern.Ustilago nr4di.s (D.C) Corda
152
Craex stenophyllaCurex stenopltyllaCyperus s1t. Alceu sp.Sorghunt sp.Pcuticunt ntiIinceuntAndr o pa go n i s c lta e nro nPtutiaun niliuceuntInq)eruta clindricuSorglunt lzalepensisDigitaris s1t.
Punicum miliaceuntElynus cttput ntedusaeTriticum sutivuntHonleunL bulbosunt.Agropyrun sp.Triticunt cartlictonT. suliwmtTriticunt sp,Secale cerectleAegyk4rs cylittdricaTriticunt sativuntSorglunt vulgareAnentone bltrndaTriticum s;t.A I I i unt fu s c ov i o luc e u ntAlliunr cepa L.Secole cereale L.Violu occultaAcunt hus tl i os u r idus nrAvena stuivtt; A. sterilisBromus cuntutqtusBronuts nutdritensisBrqmus lectorurnBromus sp.Melicu percicaCynodon dactybn
Aegilops biuncialisSetaria italicaZeu nnys
Van (17)Ankara (6)Malatya (4)widespread (10)widespread (10)Ankara (6)widespread ( I 0)Aydrn, Adana (6)widespread (13; 191' 201' 21)Malatya (4)Ankara (6)Ankara (6)widespread (8)Bitlis (17)Ankara (6)widespread(8; ll; l5)widespread (8; I l; 15)widesprcad (10)Erzurum (8)Van (17)widespread (8)Diyarbakrr (16)Malatya (5)Aegean region (1 l)Bitlis (18)Aegean region (l l)widespread ( l0)Bitlis (18)Malatya (19)widespread (6; 8; I l; 12)Ankara (6)izmir (6)Ankara (6), Erzurum (17)lzmir (12)Malarya (4)izrnir (12;21), Aydrn (20),Van (17)Malarya (4)widespread ( t0)widespread (9; l0; l3;21)
N. $AHIN and A.u. TAMER
Cont. (Table 1)
Ustilago lnrdei (Pers.) Lagerh.
Usrilugo ltyltodytes (Schle) Fr.
U st i ltt go ko lleri W illeUstiktgo /evrs (Kell et Swing) Magn.UstiIago rucynr SchrtitUstilago nigruTapkeUstiletgo nudzr (Jensen) Rastr.Ustilago ornitltogali (Schmidt & Kunze) Magn.Ustilugo segeun (Bull.) Roussel vm. tritici (Pers.) BraunUstikrgo sorglti (Link) Pass.UstiLugo trqtagonis pratensi.s (Pers.) Roussel
Antltraco iclea caricis (Pers.) BrefEttorrliza cypericola (Magnus) C.M i c ro b 0 t ry wr t zrn"/or SchrdtSpt t r ix t r i u nt c ru e nt u m KJll'n.Slso r is o r i un t des t ru ens (Schl.) Rabh.Slxtrisorium ehrenbergii (Kiihn) Pat.Spo r is o r i um schw e inJilr tlti tutu m (Tiim) Sacc.Sporisoriunt.vrrylzi (Link) Clinton
Tilleriu bornmuellerii P. Magn.Tilletict curies (DC.) L.R & C. Tul
T i I let ia c ont rcversa (Kiihn.) Rabh.Tilletia laevis (Kiihn.) Rabh.
Tilletia secalis (Coda.) F. KdrnickeUrocl,stis agropyri (Preuss) Fisch. V. Waldh.U roc 1ts ti s ane nto,les (Pers.) WinterUrucystis tttugicn (Pass.) Thiim.
U r o c 1,s 7 1 5 oc c u I t tt (\N allr.) Rabenh.Untcystis violae (Sow.) Fisch. V. Waldh.Ustilttgo uvenae (P) Jensen.
Ustilago bulkttuBerk
Carex stenophyllaCyperus s1t. Alceu sp.Silene densiJbraSorghunt sp.Panicmn ntiliaceunrSorghtun vulgureI ntlte ruta c), lind ric aSorghum InlepensisDigituris sp.Elynuts caltul medusueHordeum bulbosutttAegyktps cylindricuTriticum sativuntAgrcpyrunr s1t.Triticun ctrrtlicum;T. sativumSecule cerealeTrilicunt sp.Anenune blandaA I I iu m fu s c ov io lac e un tAlliunt cepaSecale cereale L.Viola occultaAvetru sativa; A. sterilisHordewn sp.Brqnxus coilr.utatusBronus nndritensisBronl.L$ teck)rwnBronus sp.Melica percictt
Van (17)Malatya (4)Ankara(8; l0)widespread (10)widespread ( I 0)Diya$akrr (16)Aydrn, Adana (6)widespread (131' 19; 20;21)Malatya (4)Ankara (6)Bitlis (17)Van (17)widespread (9)Ankara (6)widespread (8; I l; 15)widespread (8; I l; 15)Erzurum (8)Aegean region (l l)Malatya (5)Bitlis (18)Aegean region (l l)widesprcad (10)Bitlis (18)widespread (6; 8; I l; 12)widespread (6, 8)Ankara (6)izmir (6)Ankara (6), Erzurum ( I 7)izrnir (12)Malatya (4)
153
SMUT SPECIES DETERMINED IN TURKiYE
Cont. (Table 2)
U s t i I u 14o c ru ne ri Koem.Ustilago cynodontis (Pass.) Henn.
U s t i kr go fu t rd e i (Pers.) Lagerh.
Ustilago hypodytes (Schle) Fr.
Ustikrgo rncydes (DC) CordaU,stilago nuda (Jensen) Rastr.Ustilago ornithogttli (Schmidt & Kunze) MagnusU s ti lago trapagoni s p ruten.sl.r (Pers.) Roussel
Ustilago rriticl (Pels.) Jensen
Setariu italicaC),tndon dactylon'
Aegilolts biunckilisHordeunt nurinwn,H. stttivuntAgropyron repensA. internrcdia7za nm2-sHordewn. ,-ioluceuntGagea gugeoklesCattrbrosa aquaticaP ip tttt lrc rum ho lc iJinnteTriticum s1t. Aegilops sp.
6znrTtirkiye Mikoflorasrnda qimdiye kadar belirlenmi$ rastrk ttirleri derli toplu bir
tablo halinde gtisterilmigtir. Bu gahqmaya g0re, Tiirkiye Florasrnda 45 rastrk tiirti kaydrbelirlenmigtir. Bu tiirlerin gogu Graminea iizerinde belirlenmigtir. Bunlardan 20 ttirUstilago, diler tiirler, 8 Tilletia, 6 Urocystis, 7 Sphacelotheca, I Anthracoidea, 7
Cintractia, 7 Entorrhiza ve I Tolyposporium cinslerine aittir.
LITERATURE CITED
1. AKQA, N., A. QITIR ve N.8., KUTLAK, 1995. Sivas ilinde Yetigtirilen Bugday-lardaki Siirme Hastahklan Etmenlerinin Tanrsr ve Yayrhg Oranlan UzerindeAraqtr rmalar. VIII. Ttirkiye Fitopatoloj i Kon gresi Bildirileri, 17 I - l7 3.
2. ANONYMOUS, 1995. Devlet istatistik Enstitiisii Tiirkiye istatistik Yrlhgr. DIEMatbaasr, Ankara, 732 pp.
3. ANONYMOUS, 1996. United States Department of Agriculture-AgriculturalResearch Service.
BAHQECiOGLIJ, Z. and M. I$ILOGLU, 1995. Parasiric Fungi of Malatya Province(Ttirkiye). VI. Plant Life of Southwest Asia Symposium,2l-28 May 1995, izmir-Ti.irkiye, 414-426.
BAHQECIOCLU, Z. ve B.YILDIZ, 1996. indnii Universitesi (Malatya) Herbar.yu-munda bulunan Vaskiiler Bitkiler Uzerinde Tespit Edilen Parazit Funguslar. XI[.Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi Teblifleri, l7-20 EylUl 1996, istanbul.
154
6.
1.
9.
10.
11.
12.
t5.
16.
17.
13.
14.
N. $AHiN and A.u. TAMER
BREMER, H., G, KAREL, K, BIYIKOGLU, N. G6KSEL, und F. PETRAK,1952. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Parasitischen Pilze der Turkei v. Revue de la Fa-cult6 des Sciences I'Universit6 d'Istanbul. 56r. B, Tome XII: l6l-181.
ELLIS, M.B. and J.P. ELLIS, 1985. Microfungi on Land plants and IdentificationHandbook, Groom Helm, London, 818 pp.
GOBELEZ, M., 1963. La Mycoflore de Turquie. Mycoparhol. Mycol. Appl. XIX,4:296-314.
GuvEN, K. and A.u. TAMER,l9g3. Some parasitic Fungi Derermined in plantsLiving in Eskigehir. J. of Fac. of Sci. Ege Univ. Seri B; t5:25-32.
KARACA, i., tg0S. Sisremarik Bitki Hastahktarr. Citr II. Ege Univ., Ziraar Fak.,Yay. No: lOT,Izmir.
ONAN, E. and C. SAYDAM, 1995. Pathogenic Fungi of West Anatolia-Tiirkiye.VL Plant Life of Southwest Asia Symposium,2t-28 May 1995, izmir-Tiirkiye.
6Npn, M., S. EKMEKQI and M. DiZBAy, 1974. An Investigation of Some LeafRusts, smuts, Powdery Mildews and Leaf Spots occuring on the Natural Flora ofSouthern Aegean Region. l: 426-431.
ONER, M., M. DiZBAy, F. UqAR ve I. KARABOZ, tg84. Gtineybarr Anadotuve Konya iline Ait Bazr Parazilsk Funguslar. Do[a Bilim Dergisi A2. 8: 3401-404.
PARLAK, Y. and F. GUCIN, 1993. The Determination of Mushrooms and plantParasitic Fungi Around Qrldrr Lake in Turkey. Frrat Univ. Fen ve Miih. Bil.Dergisi 5:89-92.
PARLAK, Y. and I. KARACA, 1976. Investigations on the Biology of Long Smur(Tolyposporium ehrenbergii Kilhn. Pat.) of Sorghum in Southwest of Anatolia. J.of Turkish Phytopath., 5: 6l -69.
TAMER, A.U., y. ALTAN ve E. U6URLU, 1996. Do[u Anadolu (Van, Bitlis,Erzurum, Kars, Ardahan) Bitkilerinde Belirlenen Bazr paruzitik Fungusrar. XItr.Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi Teblilleri, 17-20 Eyltil 1996, istanbul.
TAMER, A.U. ve Y. ALTAN, 1995. Hizan (Bitlis) Yciresi Bitkilerinde BerirlenenPas ve Siirmeler. vII. Tiirkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi Bildiriler Kitapgrfr, GenMatbaacrhk, Ankara 233 -235.
18.
155
SMUT SPECIES DETERMINED IN TURKIYE
19. TAMER, A.U., F. GUCIN ve Y. ALTAN, 1987. Malatya (Piitiirge) YciresiBitkilerinde Belirlenen BazrParazit Funguslar. 8. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi Teb-lifleri, Ege Univ. Matbaasr, izmir. Cilt IL202-217.
20. TAMER, A.U. and M. 6NER, 1978. The Parasitic Fungi of Aydrn Province'Mycopathologia 64: 87-90.
Zt. UqAR, F. ve M. ONSR, t977.izmir ili Oahilindeki Qigekli Bitkilerde GciriilenParazitik Funguslar Uzerinde Taksonomik Bir Aragtrrma' Ege Univ. Fen Fak.Dergisi Seri B; l:221-240.
22. VANKY, K., 1987. Illustrated Genera of Smut Fungi. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
23. VANKY, K.,1994. European Smut Fungi. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. +
24. VIENNOT-BOURGIN, G., 1956. Mildious, Oidiums, Caries, Charbons, Rouillesdes Plantes de France. Encyclop6die Mycologique. Paul Le Chevalier, Paris, 317 pp.
