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Solar IrrigationSolar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermalelectricity, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or activesolar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Activesolar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors toharness the energy.
Solar Irrigation, a new emerging application in Solar Energy as well as Solar PVIndustry, is now being implemented by many companies from India. Indian governmentand NGOs come forward to support this technology by financially and morally.
What is solar irrigation? Well, it’s not so complex. Simply, the water pump -which isused by farmers to water their corps land and help them significantly in irrigation work,will be powered by Solar PV array with or without Inverters (and Battery bank ifneeded).
In detail, A solar-powered pump is a pump running on electricity generatedby photovoltaic panels or the thermal energy available from collected sunlight asopposed to grid electricity or diesel run water pumps. The operation of solar poweredpumps is more economical mainly due to the lower operation and maintenance costsand has less environmental impact than pumps powered by an internal combustionengine (ICE). Solar pumps are useful where grid electricity is unavailable andalternative sources (in particular wind) do not provide sufficient energy.
Now, what is profit from this project? Who will get benefited? These 2 questions are co-related in this case. The developer/installer organization will get benefited by theoutcome of the project,, where as the farmers, who will use the water, will get this as acheaper rate comparing to diesel-run or grid-powered water pumping solutions. And theultimate benefit is to the Environment as this is a ZERO carbon emission project.
How the Installer Company make profit? Ok, let me discuss in detail for this.
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Business model of Solar Irrigation Project
Investment (for 2hp water-pump System)
Solar PV array 1,25,000 INRSolar Inverter 15,000 INRRMS & Pump Controller 15,000 INRProject erection 20,000 INRWater Pump 40,000 INRInstallation & Transportation 5,000 INRTotal 2,20,000 INR
Now, let’s assume that your company managed to supply water to 10 acres of landwhich concludes 30 farmers.
So, at a rate of 150rs/month basis, 30 farmers will pay you 4,500rs per month and54,000rs/year.
At a fixed rate of 150rs/month for next 3 years, and increment of 15%, which is172rs/month (round off) on the current rate after 3 years, the payback period will be 4years.
So, after 4 years, the total invested money will come back to investor and from then, forlong 20 more years the money will be generated continuously from this project. TheSolar PV modules come with 25years manufacturer warranty and 10 years warrantywith extendable features.
Now, let’s discuss on the process flow of this highly-profitablebusiness model.
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Process Flow model of Solar IrrigationStep1: Determine the requirements from the farmers and confirm the farmers whoagreed to use water from this project.
Step2: Calculate and design the system details according to the requirements fromfarmers.
Step3: Estimate the total project cost. Consult with the management for the viability ofthe project.
Step4: After final confirmation from Farmers and Management of the company, executeand commission the project.
Step5: for the 1st week, monitor the system performance and output in terms of waterrequirements.
Step6: Put a local person as In-Charge of the project who will collect the fees for thewater supplied to them at an interval of month or corps-cycle.
For the investment & outcome/profit from the this project, I’ve prepared a excelworksheet by which a person can estimate the financial aspect & viability of SolarIrrigation project. To get this excel worksheet please mail me at any of the following e-mail ids-
1) [email protected]) [email protected]
Now, please read further to know how the project can be done technically and whichcomponents need to use or select for this type of project.
OR, in other words, the next part is the Technical part of the Techno-CommercialReport.
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Client’s Name BRAKSS
Occupation/Organisation NGO (Non-Govt. Organisation)
Country India
Address Itaberia, Nadia
Area PIN Code 741151
E-mail id [email protected]
Contact No. NA
Company NA
Purpose
Client’s Requirements
System Type Solar Irrigation/Water pumpingArea available for Solar PV installation 34*2 sq meters on roof (asbestos)Grid Availability YESDesired System Voltage 380-550 V AC (3 Phase)Battery Bank requirements NO
To help the local farmers in cultivation of corps by supplying waters to 9 acres of agriculturallands through out the year.
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Load Profile
Feeders (Outlets of Pump) Parameter Details
Feeder 1 30,000 Liters/day
Feeder 2 25,0000 Liters/day
Feeder 3 35,0000 liters/day
Feeder 4 50,0000 Liters/day
Solar PV System Sizing
Modular Components
Components Specification Quantity Make
Solar PV modules 150Wp (72 cells),Vmp= 35VImp= 4.5Amps
16 WAAREE
Non-Modular Components
Components Specification Quantity Make
Inverter I/p=2.2KW to 3.3KW,O/p=380-500V AC , upto 3Hp
1 KBL
RMS - 1 AcuSolar
Water Pump I/P= 380-500V 3ph supplyO/P= 2Hp
1 KBL
DC Disconnect 700VDC, 16A 1 Anchor
Wires 2.5 sq.mm Dual Core (Array-Inverter-Pump)
30 meters Havels
Junction Boxes 1) 4x4 box with single stringI/O for array-Inverter.2) 4x4 box for Inverter-pump
2 Local Made
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Solar PV Module Specification & Array Sizing Details
Required Electrical Characteristics of Solar PV Modules:
Watt Peak 150WpNo. of Cells 72VOC 43VVMPP 35VISC 4.65AIMPP 4.29AModule Efficiency 15%Power Tolerance ±5%Technology Si-Poly
Required Operating Condition Details:
Maximum System Voltage/Range 1000VMaximum Fuse Rating 20Limiting Reverse Current 20Operating Temp Range (-10 to 85)0CMax Static Load-front(Snow+Wind) 5500PAMax Static Load-Rear(wind) 2500PA
Required Temperature Co-efficient Characteristics
NOCT(oC) 47 ± 2 oCModule Efficiency (%/oC) -0.07 ± 0.01Temperature Co-Eff. Of Pmax (%/oC) -0.47 ± 0.05Temperature Co-Eff. Of Voc (V/oC) -0.35 ± 0.05Temperature Co-Eff. Of Isc (mA/oC) 4.4 ± 0.015
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Solar PV Array Sizing & Connection Details
Solar PV Array Size 2.4KWpWatt Peak of each SPV module 150WpTotal nos. of SPV module required 16Total nos. of MPP strings 1Nos. of SPV modules in each string 16SPV connection in each string Series connectionString voltage (VOC / VMPP) 688V / 560VString current (ISC / IMPP) 4.65A / 4.29AConnection of strings NAArray voltage (VOC / VMPP) 688V / 560VArray current (ISC / IMPP) 4.65A / 4.29AArray nominal power 2.2KW
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SPV String & Array Design
1) Total 16 nos. of 150Wp modules (72 cells) connected in series sothe array voltage will be much higher to supply the initial startvoltage of the Inverter.
2) The wires of the modules are 2.5sq mm dual core wires with MC-4connectors.
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Solar Inverter Specification & Design Details
Inverter Type Hybrid/MPPTINPUT (DC)Max. Power 3 KWMax Input Voltage 700VDCRated Input Voltage/MPP VoltageRange
415/380-550
Initial Input Voltage/Min. Inputvoltage
380V
Max Input Current 5AmpsMax Input Current per string 5AmpsNos. of Independent MPPinputs/strings per MPP inputs
1/1
OUTPUT (AC)Rated Output Power 2.5KW/3KVANominal AC Voltage/range 415V/380V-550VAC Power Frequency/ range 50Hz/50± 5%Max. output current 4.5APower factor at rated power 0.85Feed-In phases/connection phasesEfficiencyMax. Efficiency 94%Protection DetailsDC Disconnect YES/AvailableDC Surge Arrester YES/AvailableDC reverse-polarity protectiondevice
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Other Features to look at:
Total harmonic distortion <3%Operating Temperature rangeNoise Emission <65dBSelf Consumption 7WCooling option Forced Air CoolingMaximum permissible value forrelative humidityRemote Monitoring System Available (With Pump Controller)User Interference &Communication
RJ-45
Three-phase configuration &monitoringElectrically Isolated relay outputStatus LCD AvailableInverter to invertercommunication
NA
Anti-islanding protection NA
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Water Pump Specification
Make & Model Kirlosker (KBL)- KDS-212Type of the motor Induction Motor (3ph)Rated I/P Power 1.5KWMotor Horsepower 2hpPipe Size (in mm) Suction Delivery
80 80Total Head (in meters)Total Discharge (in LPS)
6 8 10 1214.1 12.4 10.5 7.5
Rated Voltage 415 VACRated Current 3.5 AmpsNo. of Phases 3Efficiency 55%
Pump Motor Connection & Wiring Diagram:
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Single Line Diagram of the Electrical System
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Project Execution-Process Flow
Step1: Do a perfect survey for mounting of Solar PV modules, Inverter & water pump.
Step2: Design an accurate structure for mounting of PV modules.
Step3: Select the Modular & Non-Modular components wisely and check rating of these itemswhether they meet your requirements. (Advise to consult an experienced Solar PV professional)
Step4: First, setup the structure where you planned to. Please keep in mind the stability of themounted structure as in some cases I’ve seen that the installer never looks for thestability/longevity of the mounted PV Structure.
Step5: After the mounting work done, connect all the modules in the series (OR, the way youdecided) and check the VOC of the SPV Array using a good Multi-meter and be careful as theOpen Circuited Voltage will be around 550V-650V DC.
Step6: Now, disconnect the Modules in array using DC Disconnect or manually unplug themodules in the structure.
Step7: Install the Water Pump with the help of a Plumber as he knows the exact procedure todo this with minimum time & pre-cautions.
Step8: Now, it’s time for the Inverter to install. Remember; DO NOT connect the SPV array toInverter at first. Mount the inverter in ground of a concrete base OR if the inverter is wallmounted, the use some pre-caution while mounting it on the wall.
Step9: Place Junction box between SPV Array and Inverter. Connect the Inverter DC I/P wirefirst keeping the MCB of inverter in OFF condition. Then connect the SPV array wires to JB.
Step10: Make the 3 phase connection between Inverter and water pump via a Junction Boxfollowed by a Blown-Off fuse.
Step11: Now, connect the modules of PV array which were unplugged earlier.
Step12: Put the MCB of Inverter in ON condition.
Step13: Set the RMS or Remote Monitoring System and re-programme it if required. Check theRMS whether it’s accordingly or NOT.
Step14: Put the MCB between the Inverter-water pump in ON condition.
Step15: Congrats!! You have successfully executed a Solar Irrigation project.
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Pre-cautions
For Test-Run
For test-run using direct 3-phase supply to inverter to run the water pump:
1) Confirm that you have a 3-phase supply with 50Hz supply at the site.2) Now make sure whether the 3-phase connection is possible to inverter or not.3) If you are using another inverter then make sure inverter has 3-phase input or not.4) Now, connect the 3-phase supply properly to inverter.5) Put MCB in OFF to ON condition.6) Set the motor frequency at desired to value to control the output from pump.7) In test-run condition, disconnect the RMS from the Inverter.8) Check the status of inverter in certain interval.
1) Please select proper & experienced team members/ Installers for this project.2) Use hand-gloves and helmets and proper shoes while working on the site.3) Tools must be adequate and in good conditions.4) Please perform trial run before commissioning the project for at least 3 days .5) DO NOT forget to provide earthing/grounding solutions to PV Array, Inverter & for
the load.
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Photo Report of the Project
PV Mounting Structures being setup on Asbestos inthe rooftop
Final work of mounting of SPV modules onto thestructures is carrying out.
Inverter is being integrated with the RMS and MPPT Moduleand the final connection check before trial-run.
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Inverter is setup and connected to SPV arrayand water Pump & ready to run
Rating plate of the water pump has shown here.
The pump is in working status and delivering water to the corps lands
