Общество. Среда. Развитие ¹ 2’2016 SUMMARY & RefeRenceS SOCIETY EffICIENT MANAGEMENT N.A. Grudtcyn, PhD Candidate, Saint Petersburg State University; e-mail: [email protected]PUBLIC-PRIVATe PARTNeRSHIP IN CReATINg A HIgH-SPeeD RAILWAY LINeS: eXPeRIeNCe oF FoReIgN CoUNTRIeS The experiences of foreign countries in construction high speed railway lines using mechanisms of public private partnership is considered. Exploration of foreign experience contains three countries: Taiwan, Netherlands, Por- tugal and lead to conclusion that public private partnership’s projects are complex. These countries were chosen because they represent different geographical, political and economic platforms for projects’ realization. The article also deals with the Portugal’s project which was abandoned due to economic crisis, but this project is important as an example of specific methodical approach to Public–private partnership (PPP) in developing high speed railway service. Analysis allows to conclude that PPP projects are complex, can help to point out pros and cons of realization of project PPP in development of high speed railway service. Foreign experience will be helpful in development high speed railway lines in Russia. Key words: transport systems, railway, high-speed railway, public-private partnership, region, management. References: [1] ACI ANNUAL World Airport Traffic Dataset. URL: http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Annual-Traffic-Data/ Passengers/2013-final (17.02.2016) [2] Annual report, Taiwan High Speed Corporation, Taipei, 2013. URL: https://www5.thsrc.com.tw/download/ en/01/thsrc_f_2013.pdf (17.02.2016) [3] Badcock P. HSL Zuid Opening Postponed Again // Railway Journal International. URL: http://www.railway- gazette.com/news/single-view/view/hsl-zuid-opening-postponed-again.html (28.01.2016) [4] Directive 96/48/EC. URL: https://www.transportstyrelsen.se/globalassets/global/jarnvag/english/tsi/tsi-high- speed-operation-techntext-2008-02-01.pdf (01.02.2016) [5] Falcгo de Campos I. et al. RAVE (Portugal), Portuguese High Speed Rail Business Model: A New Way For- ward on PPP, September 2010. URL: http://www.europeanrailwayreview.com/6786/past-issues/issue-5-2010/ portuguese-high-speed-rail-business-model-a-new-way-forward-on-ppp/ (20.01.2016) [6] KPMG International, Rail at High Speed – Doing Large Deals in a Challenging Environment: Lessons Learned from Portugal’s First High-Speed Rail. – 2010. URL: https://www.kpmg.com/CN/en/IssuesAndIn- sights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Rail-at-high-speed-O-201005.pdf [7] Omega Center, Bartlett School of Planning (U.K.), Project Profile: Netherlands: HSL-Zuid. URL: http://www. omegacentre.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/NETHERLANDS_HSL_ZUID_PROFILE.pdf, 2011. (18.01.2016) [8] The Portuguese High Speed Rail Network // Relating Financing to Strategic and Operating Issues. URL: https://esd.mit.edu/WPS/2011/esd-wp-2011-02.pdf (22.02.2016) [9] What are Public Private Partnerships? URL: http://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/overview/ what-are-public-private-partnerships (01.02.2016) [10] Yung-Hsiang Cheng. High-speed rail in Taiwan: New experience and issues for future development // Trans- port Policy. 2010, № 17, pp. 51–63. V.L. Palii, Senior Lecturer, Gorvement University of Pridnestrovie T.G.Shevchenko; Сompetitor, Saint Petersburg state university; e-mail: [email protected]eNVIRoNmeNTAL AND eCoNomIC ASPeCTS oF THe DeVeLoPmeNT oF ToURIST AND ReCReATIoNAL SeCToR IN PRIDNeSTRoVIe The article raises the problem of the development of tourist and recreational sphere in Pridnestrovie. The esti- mate of the tourist’s potential of the region and the statistical data of the migrations of tourists in Pridnestrovie are presented. It’s showed the low incoming appeal and large scale of outcoming tourist’s flow in Pridnestrovie. There are some statistical data of the Pridnestrovians’ departure abroad for tourism, as well as the entry of for- eign citizens in Pridnestrovie for tourist’s, recreation and leisure purposes. There are some factors that impede the travelling of citizens of Pridnestrovie for the purpose of leisure, rest and recreation. The article presents the data of the number of foreign tourists who visited Pridnestrovie in 2013 and 2014. The role of environmental and economic factors in ensuring the attractiveness of the area for tourism and recreational purposes. It denotes the importance of ecological and economic approach to the sustainable development of the region.
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S U M M A R Y & R e f e R e n c e SS o c i E t y
EffICIENT MANAGEMENT
N.A. Grudtcyn,PhD Candidate, Saint Petersburg State University;
e-mail: [email protected] PARTNeRSHIP IN CReATINg A HIgH-SPeeD RAILWAY LINeS: eXPeRIeNCe oF FoReIgN CoUNTRIeSThe experiences of foreign countries in construction high speed railway lines using mechanisms of public private partnership is considered. Exploration of foreign experience contains three countries: Taiwan, Netherlands, Por-tugal and lead to conclusion that public private partnership’s projects are complex. These countries were chosen because they represent different geographical, political and economic platforms for projects’ realization. The article also deals with the Portugal’s project which was abandoned due to economic crisis, but this project is important as an example of specific methodical approach to Public–private partnership (PPP) in developing high speed railway service.Analysis allows to conclude that PPP projects are complex, can help to point out pros and cons of realization of project PPP in development of high speed railway service. Foreign experience will be helpful in development high speed railway lines in Russia.Key words: transport systems, railway, high-speed railway, public-private partnership, region, management.
References:[1] ACI ANNUAL World Airport Traffic Dataset. URL: http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Annual-Traffic-Data/
speed-operation-techntext-2008-02-01.pdf (01.02.2016)[5] Falcгo de Campos I. et al. RAVE (Portugal), Portuguese High Speed Rail Business Model: A New Way For-
ward on PPP, September 2010. URL: http://www.europeanrailwayreview.com/6786/past-issues/issue-5-2010/portuguese-high-speed-rail-business-model-a-new-way-forward-on-ppp/ (20.01.2016)
[6] KPMG International, Rail at High Speed – Doing Large Deals in a Challenging Environment: Lessons Learned from Portugal’s First High-Speed Rail. – 2010. URL: https://www.kpmg.com/CN/en/IssuesAndIn-sights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Rail-at-high-speed-O-201005.pdf
[7] Omega Center, Bartlett School of Planning (U.K.), Project Profile: Netherlands: HSL-Zuid. URL: http://www.omegacentre.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/NETHERLANDS_HSL_ZUID_PROFILE.pdf, 2011. (18.01.2016)
[8] The Portuguese High Speed Rail Network // Relating Financing to Strategic and Operating Issues. URL: https://esd.mit.edu/WPS/2011/esd-wp-2011-02.pdf (22.02.2016)
[9] What are Public Private Partnerships? URL: http://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/overview/what-are-public-private-partnerships (01.02.2016)
[10] Yung-Hsiang Cheng. High-speed rail in Taiwan: New experience and issues for future development // Trans-port Policy. 2010, № 17, pp. 51–63.
V.L. Palii, Senior Lecturer, Gorvement University of Pridnestrovie T.G.Shevchenko;
Сompetitor, Saint Petersburg state university;e-mail: [email protected]
eNVIRoNmeNTAL AND eCoNomIC ASPeCTS oF THe DeVeLoPmeNT oF ToURIST AND ReCReATIoNAL SeCToR IN PRIDNeSTRoVIeThe article raises the problem of the development of tourist and recreational sphere in Pridnestrovie. The esti-mate of the tourist’s potential of the region and the statistical data of the migrations of tourists in Pridnestrovie are presented. It’s showed the low incoming appeal and large scale of outcoming tourist’s flow in Pridnestrovie. There are some statistical data of the Pridnestrovians’ departure abroad for tourism, as well as the entry of for-eign citizens in Pridnestrovie for tourist’s, recreation and leisure purposes. There are some factors that impede the travelling of citizens of Pridnestrovie for the purpose of leisure, rest and recreation. The article presents the data of the number of foreign tourists who visited Pridnestrovie in 2013 and 2014. The role of environmental and economic factors in ensuring the attractiveness of the area for tourism and recreational purposes. It denotes the importance of ecological and economic approach to the sustainable development of the region.
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1�1Key words: geopolitical location, tourist and recreational attraction, tourism, infrastructure, ecological and en-vironmental imperative.
[2] BobkovE.M.Socio-economic status of the family as the factor of socializationof youth [Sotsial’no-ekonomiches-kiystatussem’ikakfaktorsotsializatsiimolodezhi]//Socialinstitution-thefamilyinthecontextofinterdisciplin-aryresearch[Sotsial’nyyinstitut–sem’yavkontekstemezhdistsiplinarnykhissledovaniy].Tiraspol,PSUafterTarasShevchenko,2014,pp.5–7.
[12] UNWTO World Tourism Organization. 24 Dec., 2014. URL: www2.unto.org/ru/home
HISTORy AND THE PRESENT
M.f. Polynov,PhD in History, professor, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg;
e-mail: [email protected] WITH THe UNITeD STATeS IN THe FoReIgN PoLICY oF mIKHAIL goRBACHeV DURINg THe PeReSTRoIKA. 1985-1991The article reveals why Gorbachev gave priority to the relationship with the United States in the years of Per-estroika. Soviet leader paid a great attention to the issue of nuclear disarmament in the relations of the two su-perpowers. The contract on liquidation of rockets of average and small range and on the reduction of strategic nuclear missiles was managed to sign in this field. U.S.-Soviet relations in the years of perestroika improved greatly, which contributed to the overcoming of the cold war. It is noted that these changes largely occurred due to serious concessions from the Soviet Union.Key words: USSR, USA, Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, George Bush, nuclear disarmament, negotiations, contract, foreign Minister, Secretary of state, commercial relations, Washington, Moscow.
References:[1] Akhromeev S.F., Kornienko G.M. The eyes of the Marshal and diplomat. A critical look at foreign policy of
the USSR before and after 1985 [Glazami marshala i diplomata: kriticheskiy vzglyad na vneshnyuyu i vnu-trennyuyu politiku SSSR do i posle 1985 goda]. Moscow, Foreign affairs [Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya], 1992, 318 p.
[2] Barsenkov A.S. “New thinking” in foreign policy of the Soviet Union (1985–1991) [«Novoe myshlenie» vo vneshney politike SSSR (1985–1991)] // Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser.25. International relations and world politics [Vestnik Moskovskogo un-ta. Ser. 25. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya i mirovaya politika]. 2012, № 1, pp. 41–73; № 4, pp. 4–38.
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cow, Olma-Press. Education [Olma-Press. Obrazovanie], 2004, 624 p.[14] Dobrynin A.F. Strictly confidential. Ambassador in Washington at six U.S. presidents (1962–1986) [Sugubo
doveritel’no. Posol v Vashingtone pri shesti prezidentakh SSHA (1962–1986 gg.)]. Moscow, Author [Avtor], 1997, 688 p.
[15] Treaty Between The United States Of America And The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics On The Elimi-nation Of Their Intermediate-Range And Shorter-Range Missiles [Dogovor mezhdu Soyuzom Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik i Soedinennymi Shtatami Ameriki o likvidatsii ikh raket srednei i men’shei dal’nosti] // Visit of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party in the United States of America. Documents and materials. [Vizit General’nogo sekretarya TsK KPSS v Soedinennykh Shtatakh Ameriki. Dokumenty i materialy.]. Moscow. Politizdat. 1987, 175 p.
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October 1986. Second conversation (1986, October 11) [Iz arkhiva Gorbacheva (Besedy M.S. Gorbacheva s R. Reiganom v Reik’yavike 11 – 12 oktyabrya 1986 g.). Vtoraya beseda (dnem 11 oktyabrya 1986 g.)] // World econ-omy and international relations [Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya]. 1993, № 5, pp. 81–90.
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[25] From conversation with George Bush (one on one). Malta, 2 December 1989 [Iz besedy s Dzhordzhem Bush-em (odin na odin). Mal’ta. 2 dekabrya 1989 goda] // Answering the call of time. Foreign policy of perestroika: documented evidence. According to the records of conversations Gorbachev with foreign leaders and other
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1�3materials [Otvechaya na vyzov vremeni. Vneshnyaya politika perestroyki: dokumental’nye svidetel’stva. Po zapisyam besed Gorbacheva s zarubezhnymi deyatelyami i drugim materialam]. Moscow, Whole World [Ves’ Mir], 2010, pp. 234–236.
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[27] From conversation with George Bush in Helsinki, September 9, 1990 [Iz besedy s Dzhordzhem Bushem Hel’sinki, 9 sentjabrja 1990 goda] // Answering the call of time. Foreign policy of perestroika: documented evidence. According to the records of conversations Gorbachev with foreign leaders and other materials [Otvechaya na vyzov vremeni. Vneshnyaya politika perestroyki: dokumental’nye svidetel’stva. Po zapisyam besed Gorbacheva s zarubezhnymi deyatelyami i drugim materialam]. Moscow, Whole World [Ves’ Mir], 2010, pp. 267–269.
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France [Rech’ General’nogo sekretarya TsK KPSS M.S. Gorbacheva na vstreche s parlamentariyami Frant-sii] // Foreign policy of the Soviet Union and international relations. 1985. Collection of documents [Vnesh-nyaya politika Sovetskogo Soyuza i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 1985 god. Sb. dokumentov]. Moscow, Foreign relations [Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya]. 1986, pp. 199–205.
[53] «Thatcher had some kind of personal feeling towards Gorbachev». Interview with L.M. Zamyatin [«U Tetcher bylo opredelenno zhenskoe chuvstvo k Gorbachevu». Interv’yu L.M. Zamyatina] // Kommersant–Vlast. 2005, №16, pp. 48–49.
[54] Urnov A.Y. Foreign policy of the USSR during the «cold war» and «new thinking» [Vneshnyaya politika SSSR v gody «kholodnoy voyny» i «novogo myshleniya»]. Moscow: RFK-Imidzh, 2014, 683 p.
[55] Chernyaev A.S. Six Years with Gorbachov [Shest’ let s Gorbachevym. Po dnevnikovym zapisyam]. Moscow, Publishing group Progress” – “Culture” [Izdatel’skaya gruppa «Progress», «Kul’tura»]. 1993, 528 p.
[56] Chernyaev A.S. Joint outcome. Diary of two eras. 1972–1991 [Sovmestnyy iskhod. Dnevnik dvukh epokh. 1972 – 1991 gody]. Moscow, ROSSPEN. 2010, 1047 p.
[57] Schweitzer P. Victory. The role of secret strategy of administration of the USA in disintegration of the Soviet Union and disintegration of socialist camp [Pobeda. Rol’ taynoy strategii administratsii SShA v raspade Sovetskogo Soyuza i raspade sotsialisticheskogo lagerya]. Minsk, Avest. 1995, 392 p.
[58] Shevardnadze E.A. 12 times I met Reagan one on one [Ya 12 raz vstrechalsya s Reyganom odin na odin]. International life [Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn’]. 2005, № 12, pp. 143–148.
[59] Baker J. The Politiks of Diplomatiky. Revolution Warand Peace. 1989–1992. N.Y., 1995, 687 p.[60] La Faber W. America, Russia and the Cold War. 1945–1996. N.Y., 1997, 416 p.[61] Thatcher M. The Downing Street Years. London, HarperCollins 1993, 832 p.[62] Schulz G. Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State. New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993,
891 p.
DISCOuRSE STRATEGIES
A.I. Subetto,PhD, professor, Honored builder of the Russian Federation,
president, Noospheric Public Academy, St. Petersburg;e-mail: [email protected]
THe ReVoLUTIoN AS A SUBJeCT oF SCIeNTIFIC AND PHILoSoPHICAL ReFLeCTIoNReports at the «Revolutions as Subject of a Scientific and Philosophical Reflection» conference (April 23-24, 2016, Nizhny Novgorod) are generalized. The theory which describes ratios of the concepts «revolution» and «evolu-tion» is confirmed. Fundamentals of philosophy of revolution are formulated. The law of frequency of revolutions which is right for any progressive evolution is offered. It is proved that the noosphere socialist revolution is the only imperative of survival of mankind.Key words: dialectics, imperialism, capitalism, capitalocracy, quality, colonization, noosphere, education, society, progress, development, revolution, market, socialism, evolution, ecology, exploitation.
Rererences:[1] Zinoviev A.A. I dream of the new man [Ya mechtayu o novom cheloveke]. Moscow, Algorithm, 2007, 240 p.[2] Kaznacheev V.P., Spirin E.A. Cosmoplanetary phenomenon of the human: problems of a comprehensive
study [Kosmoplanetarnyy fenomen cheloveka: problemy kompleksnogo izucheniya]. Novosibirsk, Science [Nauka], 1991, 304 p.
[3] Kosolapov R. I. the Truth from Russia [Kosolapov R.I. Istina iz Rossii]. Tver, Scientific-Izdat. the company «Northern Crown» [Nauchno-izdat. kompaniya «Severnaya Korona»], 2004, 666 p.
[4] Lenin V.I., Works, vol. 17 [Sochineniya, t. 17].[5] Lenin theory of imperialism and modern globalization. In 2 books. The book I [Leninskaya teoriya impe-
rializma i sovremennaya globalizatsiya. V 2-kh knigakh. Kniga I] / Under A.I. Subetto edition. Saint Peters-burg, Asterion, 2003, 260 p.
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1��[6] Panfilova T.V. In support of ecological socialism [V podderzhku ekologicheskogo sotsializma] // Perspectives of the world socialist movement in the 21st century: materials of the international scientific conference (N. Novgorod, on April 26–27, 2014) [Perspektivy mirovogo sotsialisticheskogo dvizheniya v XXI veke: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (N. Novgorod, 26–27 aprelya 2014 g.)]. N. Novgorod, Publishing house of the Nizhny Novgorod state medical academy [Izd-vo Nizhegorodskoy gosudarstvennoy meditsin-skoy akademii], 2014, 264 p.
[7] Revolutions as subject of a scientific and philosophical reflection: materials of the All-Russian scientific con-ference with the international participation (N. Novgorod, on April 23–24, 2016). In 2 parts. Part I [Revoly-utsii kak predmet nauchnoy i filosofskoy refleksii: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii s mezh-dunarodnym uchastiem (N. Novgorod, 23–24 aprelya 2016 g.). V 2-kh chastyakh. Chast’ I]. N. Novgorod, Publishing house of the Nizhny Novgorod state medical academy [Izd-vo Nizhegorodskoy gosudarstvennoy meditsinskoy akademii], 2016, 237 p.
[8] Revolutions as subject of a scientific and philosophical reflection: materials of the All-Russian scientific con-ference with the international participation (N. Novgorod, on April 23–24, 2016). In 2 parts. Part I [Revoly-utsii kak predmet nauchnoy i filosofskoy refleksii: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii s mezhd-unarodnym uchastiem (N. Novgorod, 23–24 aprelya 2016 g.). V 2-kh chastyakh. Chast’ II]. N. Novgorod, Publishing house of the Nizhny Novgorod state medical academy [Izd-vo Nizhegorodskoy gosudarstvennoy meditsinskoy akademii], 2016, 199 p.
[9] Revolution as concept and event: monograph [Revolyutsiya kak kontsept i sobytie: monografiya] / Editorial board: A.A. Vartumyan, S.G. Ilyinskaya, M.M. Fedorova. Moscow, LLC TSIUMINL, 2015, 183 p.
[10] Subetto A.I. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin: the genius of the Russian Break of mankind by socialism [Vladimir Il’ich Lenin: geniy Russkogo Proryva chelovechestva k sotsializmu]. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2010, 498 p.
[11] Subetto A.I. World-wide and historical value of the Great Russian Socialist revolution and Russia as her crea-tor. The end of «a system of Money» and noosphere socialism in the 21st century [Vsemirno-istoricheskoe znachenie Velikoy Russkoy Sotsialisticheskoy revolyutsii i Rossii kak ee tvortsa. Konets «stroya Deneg» i noosfernoy sotsializm v XXI veke]. Kostroma, KSU of N. A. Nekrasov, 2007, 44 p.
[12] Subetto A.I. Global imperialism and noosphere and socialist alternative [Global’nyy imperializm i noos-ferno-sotsialisticheskaya al’ternativa]. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, KSU of N.A. Nekrasov, 2004, 99 p.
[13] Subetto A.I. Ideology of the 21st century [Ideologiya XXI veka] / Under edition red. of V.V. Lukoyanov. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2014, 92 p.
[14] Subetto A.I. An imperative of noosphere and socialist transformation of the world in the 21st century [Im-perativ noosferno-sotsialisticheskogo preobrazovaniya mira v XXI veke] / Under nauny. V.D. Komarov’s edition. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2012, 34 ps.
[15] Subetto A.I. Kapitalokratiya and global imperialism [Kapitalokratiya i global’nyy imperialism]. Saint Peters-burg, Asterion, 2009, 572 p.
[16] Subetto A.I. Kapitalokratiya. Myths of liberalism and destiny of Russia. 2 rel. [Kapitalokratiya. Mify liberal-izma i sud’ba Rossii. Vtor. izd.]. Kostroma, KSU of N.A. Nekrasov, 2002, 360 p.
[17] Subetto A.I. Lenin, October revolution and noosphere socialism – development symbols in the 21st century [Lenin, Oktyabr’skaya revolyutsiya i noosfernyy sotsializm – simvoly razvitiya v XXI veke]. Kostroma, KSU of N.A. Nekrasov, 2012, 460 p.
[18] Subetto A.I. The manifesto of fight against global imperialism [Manifest bor’by protiv global’nogo imperial-izma]. Kostroma, KSU of N.A. Nekrasov, 2004, 38 p.
[19] Subetto A.I. The manifesto of noosphere socialism [Manifest noosfernogo sotsializma] / Under scientific edi-tion of V. G. Egorkin. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2011, 108 p.
[20] Subetto A.I. Mission of communism in the 21st century [Missiya kommunizma v XXI veke] / Under scientific edition of L.A. Zelenov. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2012, 40 p.
[21] Subetto A.I. Noosferizm. Volume first. Introduction to a noosferizm [Noosferizm. Tom pervyy. Vvedenie v noosferizm]. Saint Petersburg, Kostroma, KSU of N. A. Nekrasov, KSU of Kirill and Mefodiy, 2001, 537 p.
[22] Subetto A.I. Scientific and educational society as a basis of strategy of development of Russia in the 21st century [Nauchno-obrazovatel’noe obshchestvo kak osnova strategii razvitiya Rossii v XXI veke] / Under scientific edition of V.V. Lukoyanov. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2015, 190 p.
[23] Subetto A.I. Noosphere globalization as alternative of capitalist globalization [Noosfernaya globalizatsiya kak al’ternativa kapitalisticheskoy globalizatsii] / the Scientific report on the International symposium “Global studies: a condition and prospects of development” based on Smolny of institute of the Russian Academy of Education in St. Petersburg on May 16, 2012 [Nauchnyy doklad na Mezhdunarodnom simpoziume «Glo-balistika: sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya» na baze Smol’nogo instituta Rossiyskoy akademii obrazovaniya v Sankt-Peterburge 16 maya 2012 goda]. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2012, 22 p.
[24] Subetto A.I. Noosphere socialism as form of life of the noosphere person (basis of the theory of noosphere socialism) [Noosfernyy sotsializm kak forma bytiya noosfernogo cheloveka (osnovaniya teorii noosfernogo sotsializma)]. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, KGU of N.A. Nekrasov, 2006, 56 p.
[25] Subetto A.I. The advancing development of the person, quality of public pedagogical systems and qualities of public intelligence – a socialist imperative [Operezhayushchee razvitie cheloveka, kachestva obshchest-vennykh pedagogicheskikh sistem i kachestva obshchestvennogo intellekta – sotsialisticheskiy imperativ]. Moscow, Research center [Issledovat. Tsentr], 1990, 84 p.
[26] Subetto A.I. The bases and imperatives of strategy of development of Russia in the 21st century [Osnovaniya i imperativy strategii razvitiya Rossii v XXI veke]. Saint Petersburg – Kostroma, Asterion, KGU of N.A. Nekrasov, 2005, 324 p.
[27] Subetto A.I. Revolution and evolution (the methodological analysis of a problem of a ratio of these concepts) [Revolyutsiya i evolyutsiya (metodologicheskiy analiz problemy sootnosheniya etikh ponyatiy)] / Under a scientific edition \share of L.A. Zelenov. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2015, 76 p.
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[28] Subetto A.I. Childbirth of the Valid Reason [Rody Deystvitel’nogo Razuma] / Under scientific edition of L.A. Zelenov. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2015, 200 p.
[29] Subetto A.I. The Russian question and fight against global imperialism in space of a socialist revolution of the 21st century [Russkiy vopros i bor’ba protiv global’nogo imperializma v prostranstve sotsialisticheskoy revolyutsii XXI veka]. Saint Petersburg, Asterion, 2014, 54 p.
[30] Fedotova V.G., V.A Caps., Fedotova N. N. Global capitalism: three great transformations [Global’nyy kapital-izm: tri velikie transformatsii]. Moscow, Cultural revolution [Kul’turnaya revolyutsiya], 2008, 608 p.
K.V. Sultanov, Doctor of Philosophy, honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg;
A.A. Voscresensky, PhD in Philosophy science, Assistant lecturer,
Herzen State Pedagogical University, Saint-Petersburg. e-mail: [email protected],
PHILoSoPHICAL FoUNDATIoN oF eCoNomIC RATIoNALITY IN THe CoNTeXT oF KNoWLeDge-BASeD SoCIAL PARADIgmArticle research evolution of the concept of economic rationality in classical and non-classical philosophy of the economy, the existing decision-making models in the light of the idea of bounded rationality. The article makes the assumption that in a society based on knowledge, rationality of economic behavior becomes a necessity subjective.Key words: rationality, economic man, bounded rationality, transversality, cognitive economics, social and cul-tural analyst, the crisis of the economic human.
Rererences:[1] Avtonomov V. Man in the mirror of economic theory. A brief history of “economic man” [Chelovek v zerkale
jekonomicheskoj teorii. Kratkaja istorija «jekonomicheskogo cheloveka»] // The new generation [Novoe poko-lenie]. 1996, V. 1, № 2, pp. 14–87.
[2] Bashljar G. New rationalism [Novyj racionalizm]. Moscow Trivium. 2005. 327 p. [3] Voskresenskij A.A. Philosophical foundations of economic rationality: instrumental and alternative ap-
proaches [Filosofskie osnovanija jekonomicheskoj racional’nosti: instrumental’nost’ i al’ternativnye podhody // Philosophy of law [Filosofija prava]. 2013, №5 (60), pp.17–21.
[4] Vjatkin A. P. Psychological methods of study of economic socialization [Psihologicheskie metody izuchenija jekonomicheskoj socializacii lichnosti]. Irkutsk, BGUJeP. 2004, 228 p.
[5] Kaneman D. Maps of bounded rationality: psychology for behavioral Economics [Karty ogranichennoj racional’nosti: psihologija dlja povedencheskoj jekonomiki] // Psychological journal [Psihologicheskij zhur-nal]. 2006, № 2, pp. 5–28.
[6] Kornilova T.V. Intuition and rationality in the level of regulation of verbal forecasts in decision-making [Intuicija i racional’nost’ v urovnevoj reguljacii verbal’nyh prognozov pri prinjatii reshenij] // Questions of psychology [Voprosy psihologii]. 2006, № 2, pp. 126–137.
[7] Koulman Dzh. Capital of social and human [Kapital social’nyj i chelovecheskij] // Social Sciences and moder-nity [Obshhestvennye nauki i sovremennost’]. 2001, № 3, pp.120–139.
[8] Solomin V.P., Sultanov K.V., Voskresenskij A.A. Conceptology of economic knowledge: the problem of basics [Konceptologija jekonomicheskih znanij: k voprosu ob osnovanijah] // Society. Environment. Development [Obshhestvo. Sreda. Razvitie]. 2016, № 1, pp.10–13.
GLOBALIzATION: POLEMIC Of CIVILIzATIONS
D.S. Evstafiev,PhD in Economics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg;
e-mail: [email protected] mAJoR eCoNomIC ACHIeVemeNTS oF THe PReSIDeNT BARACK oBAmA ADmINISTRATIoNIt is less than a year remaining until the election of the next president of the United States. The article evaluates the economic outcomes of the activity of President Barack Obama since his election in 2008 to the present time. The author examines three of the most ambitious economic achievements – the way out of the economic crisis of 2008, the problem of the U.S. dependence on energy imports, and the reform of the public healthcare system which allowed to make healthcare services more accessible and at the same time stopped the growth in the share of public expenditures for providing U.S. citizens with healthcare services. In general, the author gives a positive assessment of the U.S. economic policy over the past eight years and in the conclusion mentions several unre-solved issues that remain in the U.S. economy for the next president.Key words: U.S. economy, Barack Obama, economic crisis of 2008, U.S. healthcare, energy independence of the U.S.
References:[1] Affordable Care Act // HealthCare.Gov. URL: https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act
(07.05.2016)
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1��[2] Annual Growth of the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the United States from 1990 to 2015 // The Sta-tistics Portal. URL: http://www.statista.com/statistics/188165/annual-gdp-growth-of-the-united-states-since-1990 (07.05.2016)
[3] Current U.S. Inflation Rates: 2006-2016 // U.S. Inflation Calculator. URL: http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/current-inflation-rates (07.052016)
[4] Historical – National Health Expenditure Data // Centers for Medicare & Medical Services. URL: https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nationalhealthaccountshistorical.html (07.052016)
[5] Jim Rutenberg, Peter Baker, and Bill Vlasic. Early Resolve: Obama Stand in Auto Crisis // The New York Times. April 29, 2009. URL: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990DE6D6123CF93AA15757C0A96F9C8B63&pagewanted=all (07.052016)
[6] Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey (Unemployment Rate, 1947-2015) // Bureau of Labor Statistics. URL: http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNU04000000?years_option=all_years&periods_option=specific_periods&periods=Annual+Data (07.052016)
[7] Macon Phillips. A Major Milestone // The White House – President Barack Obama. February 14, 2009. URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2009/02/14/a-major-milestone (07.05.2016)
[8] Pelosi: “Today We Are Passing Historic Legislation That Honors the Promises of Our New President to Make the Future Better for Our Children” // Nancy Pelosi – Democratic Leader. January 28, 2009. URL: http://www.democraticleader.gov/newsroom/pelosi-today-passing-historic-legislation-honors-promises-new-president-make-future-better-children (07.05.2016)
[9] Petroleum and Other Liquids – U.S. Imports of Crude Oil // U.S. Energy Information Administration. URL: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=MCRIMUS1&f=M (07.05.2016)
[10] Remarks of President Barack Obama – Address to Joint Session of Congress // The White House – President Barack Obama. February 24, 2009. URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-address-joint-session-congress (07.05.2016)
[11] Remarks of President Barack Obama – State of the Union Address As Delivered // The White House – Presi-dent Barack Obama. January 13, 2016. URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/01/12/re-marks-president-barack-obama-%E2%80%93-prepared-delivery-state-union-address (07.05.2016)
[12] Selected Measures of Household Income Dispersion: 1967 to 2014 // United States Census Bureau. URL: ht-tps://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/inequality/Table%20IE-1.pdf (07.05.2016)
[13] Summary: American Recovery and Reinvestment // Committee on Appropriations, The U.S. House of Rep-resentatives (through Wayback Machine). URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090225212510/http://appro-priations.house.gov/pdf/PressSummary02-13-09.pdf (07.05.2016)
[14] The Trans-Pacific Partnership // Office of the United States Trade Representative. URL: https://ustr.gov/tpp (07 мая 2016).
[15] Today in Energy – U.S. Energy Imports and Exports to Come into Balance for First Time since 1950s // U.S. Energy Information Administration. URL: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=20812 (07.05.2016)
[16] U.S. Trade in Goods and Services – Balance of Payments (BOP) Basis (1960 through 2015) // United States Census Bureau. URL: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/historical/gands.pdf (07.05.2016)
[17] With All Due Respect, Mr. President, That is Not True // Cato Institute. URL: http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/cato_stimulus.pdf (07.05.2016)
H. Conrad,Dr. sc. techn., professor, Dresden, Germany;
e-mail: [email protected] HUNT IN UNIVeRSITeS IN THe gDR AFTeR THe ReUNIFICATIoN oF geRmANYPresentedthedevelopmentoftheAuthor,hiscooperationwithscientificinstitutionsofRussiaandhisqualificationsinRus-sia.AfterthereunificationinGermanythelawsoftheoldFRGatoncewereappliedtotheformerGDRandwasconductedexaminationofthegovernmentalemployees,includingallacademicstaffinuniversities,onherpoliticalreliabilitybymeansofpersonalcommittees.ThisresultedinthedischargeofthemanyrespectableprofessorsandscientistsoftheGDR.ThecooperationwithRussiawasoccured.Itshows,howwaspossibletocontinueworkingthecooperationwiththecountriesoftheformerSovietUnion.Key words:cooperationwithRussia,reunificationofGermany,“radicaldecree”,banontheprofession,personalcommit-tees,Blacklists,dischargeofprofessors,jointRussian-Europeanproject,SeniorExpertServices,Carlsbaddecrees.
ANTHROPOLOGy AND ETHNOLOGy IN XXI CENTuRy
I.E. fadeeva,Doctor of culturology, professor, Syktyvkar State University named after P. Sorokin, Syktyvkar;
e-mail: [email protected] oF NoRTH: KALLISTRAT ZHAKoV (ANTHRoPoLogY oF CULTURAL INTeRACTIoN)The article dedicates to anthropological aspects of cultural interaction on the material of research of the philo-sophical autobiography of K.F. Zhakov “Through thorns of life”. The author proceeds from the assumption that the anthropological problems is key to the analysis of contemporary culture of the Russian North, and the per-sonality and philosophical introspection of one of the brightest representatives of the Komi people – K. Zhakov may shed light on the problems of contemporary culture. The author formulates a hypothesis about Gnosticism
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of philosophical creativity of Zhakov caused by the transition Komi as Christian ethnicity, but preserved the rem-nants of pagan ideas, – to its identity as part of the Russian civilization.Key words: Gnosticism, Kallistrat Zhakov, anthropology of cultural interaction, philosophical meditation.
References:[1] Bolotov V.V. Lectures on the history of the early Church. Vol. II. History of the Church in the period before
Constantine the Great [Lektsii po istorii Drevney Tserkvi. T. II. Istoriya Tserkvi v period do Konstantina Velikogo]. Saint Petersburg, Publishing house of M. Merkushev, 1910, 492 p.
[2] Bonetskaya N.K. Russian sophiology and anthroposophy [Russkaya sofiologiya i antroposofiya]. URL: http://www.rudolf-steiner.ru/50000006/1454.html
[3] Zhakov K.F. Through the thorns of living. Novel [Skvoz’ stroy zhizni. Roman]. Syktyvkar, Komi publishing house, 1996, 384 p.
[4] Zhakov K.F. World sadness and pessimism of our time [Mirovaya grust’ i pessimizm nashego vremeni] // In Kiev! What did, saw and heard in Kiev subscribers will «Bulletin of Knowledge», who gathered at the celebra-tion of their union (11–19 June 1911) [V Kiev! Chto delali, videli i slyshali v Kieve podpischitsy i podpischiki «Vestnika Znaniya», s”ekhavshiesya na prazdnik svoego edineniya (11–19 iyunya 1911 g.)]. Saint Petersburg, Publishing House of the «Bulletin of Knowledge» [Izd-vo «Vestnika Znaniya], 1911, pp. 109–128.
[5] Jonas H. The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity [Gnostit-sizm (Gnosticheskaya religiya)]. Saint Petersburg: Lan, 1998, 384 p.
[6] Limerov P.F. The poem “Biarmia” as a result of Kallistrat Zhakov’s research activities on the reconstruction of ancient Komi-zyrian world outlook [Poema «Biaarmiya» kak itog issledovatel’koy deyatel’nosti Kallistrata Zhakova po rekonstruktsii drevnego mirovozzreniya komi-zyryan] // In Proceedings of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Issue I (21) [Izvestiya Komi nauchnogo tsentra UrO RAN. Vypusk 1]. Syktyvkar, 2015, pp. 110–116.
[7] Mozheyko M.A. Gnosis [Gnozis] // History of Philosophy: Encyclopedia [Istoriya filosofii: Entsiklopediya] / Ed. A.A. Gritsanov. Minsk, Interpresservis, Book House [Interpresservis, Knizhnyy Dom], 2002, pp. 248–250.
[8] Posnov M.E. Gnosticism of II century and the victory of Christian church [Gnostitsizm II veka i pobeda khristianskoy Tserkvi nad nim]. Kiev, Printing Joint Stock Company Peter Barsky in Kiev [Tip. Akts. O-va Petr Barskiy v Kieve], 1917, 828 p.
[9] Rychkov A. The Reception of Gnostic Ideas in Russian Literature of the Earli 20th Century [Retseptsiya gnosticheskikh idey v russkoy literature nachala XX veka] // State, Religion and Church in Russia and World-wide [Gosudarstvo, religiya, Tserkov’ v Rossii i za rubezhom]. 2013, № 4, pp. 223–246.
[11] Solovyov V.S. Valentinus and Valentinians [Valentin i valentiniane] // Encyclopedic Dictionary [Entsiklo-pedicheskiy slovar’] / ed. F. Brockhaus and I.A Efron. Volume V. Saint Petersburg, Tipo-lithography I.A. Ephron, 1892, pp. 406–409.
[12] Solovyov V.S. Gnosticism [Gnostitsizm] // Encyclopedic Dictionary [Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar’] / ed. F. Brockhaus and I.A Efron. Volume V. Saint Petersburg, Tipo-lithography I.A. Ephron, 1893, pp. 950–952.
[13] Trofimova M. From the history of the gnostic interpretation [Iz istorii gnosticheskoy interpretatsii] // Knowl-edge outside of science [Znanie za predelami nauki]. Moscow, Republic, 1996. URL: http://proroza.narod.ru/Trofimova.htm
LANGuAGES Of CuLTuRE
S.A. ogli Bedirhanov, Сandidate of philological sciences, senior staff researcher, Institute of language,
literature and arts “G. Cadasa” of Daghestan scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences, Makhachkala; e-mail: [email protected]
HILoSoPHICAL AND IDeoLogICAL oRIeNTATIoNS oF eTHNo-PoeTRY IN THe CoNSCIoUSNeSS oF THe LeZgINS oF THe 1990-IeSThe article attempts to trace the dynamics of poetic thought Lezghins in the socio-cultural context of the 1990-ies. On the analysis of works deals with the conditions of the deployment of conscious phenomena of the creative spirit that defined the structural dominant philosophical lyrics. Notes that occurred in the cultural reality of the 1990s, the collapse of identity was a consequence of the activity of destructive mechanisms, indicating the possibil-ity of the collapse of the ideological matrix of the Soviet state. The activity of destructive processes, according to the author, opens the poetic consciousness the sense of expediency of private external circuit limits, resulting in the localization of spiritual energy within his meaningful intentions. It outlined the intensity of creative reflection that defined the philosophical – ideological orientations of the poetic consciousness.Key words: philosophical – ideological orientations, the poetic consciousness of Lezgin people, the 1990-ies, socio-cultural context.
References:[1] The Lezgin poetry anthology (at lezg. and the Azerbaijan SSR. lang.) [Antologiya lezginskoy poezii (na lezg.
i azerb. yaz.)]. Baku, 2013, 384 p.[2] Badirkhanov S.A. Latest Lezgin poetry: the aesthetic experience of poetic design of being [Noveyshaya
lezginskaya poeziya: opyt esteticheskogo konstruirovaniya poeticheskogo bytiya]. Makhachkala, Dagestan scientific center RAS Eli, 2009, 260 p.
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1��[3] Gasharov G. Lezgin ashuq poetry and literature [Lezginskaya ashugskaya poeziya i literature]. Makhachka-la, Digest. book the publishing house, 1975, 160 p.
[4] Kaplanov Z. Sad spring (on less. lang.) [Grustnaya vesna (na lezg. yaz.)]. Makhachkala, Digest. book publish-ing house, 2007, 496 p.
[5] Spivak R.S. Russian philosophical lyrics. 1910-ies. Ivan Bunin, Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky [Russkaya filosofskaya lirika. 1910-e gody. I. Bunin, A. Blok, V.Mayakovskiy] / Ouch. Allowance [Uch. Pos]. Moscow, Flinta; Nauka, 2003, 408 p.
[6] Yakovets Y. V. Regularities of transformation of society in the rhythm of cyclic-genetic dynamics [Zakono-mernosti transformatsii obshchestva v ritme tsiklichno-geneticheskoy dinamiki] // Economic revival of Russia [Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii]. URL: http://ekvr.narod.ru/revival5.htm
CuLTuRAL HERITAGE
D.V. Osipov,PfD, Professor, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg;
e-mail: [email protected] ImAgeS IN THe SCULPTURAL DeCoRATIoN oF THe SeRgIeVKA PALACe AND PARK eNSemBLeAn essential part of the former collection of the Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg in the palace-and-park ensem-ble “Sergievka” Peterhof was ancient sculpture. The basis of the collection includes works collected at the begin-ning of the XIX century by father of Maximilian - Eugиne de Beauharnais, Viceroy of Italy, Napoleon’s stepson. The copies of famous antique sculptures were made in the workshops of the great Western masters A. Canova and B. Thorvaldsen. In the collection there were copies of ancient sculptures, created by the electroforming method, developed by Duke M. Leuchtenberg. Few ancient curiosities were present in the estate in the early 1920s. Some antique sculptures have been passed in the 1920–1930s into the Funds of Peterhof Museums and into the Hermit-age, which is currently on exposition. The revolution and the Great Patriotic War led to almost complete loss of the former unique collection.Key Words: Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg, “Sergievka” Peterhof, the antique sculptures, the copies of an-tique sculptures, the collection sculptures, the electroforming method.
References:[1] Andrei Ivanovich Stackenschneider. Architectural projects from the collection of the State Museum of His-
tory of St. Petersburg: Catalogue х Arkhitekturnye proekty iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo muzeya istorii Sankt-Peterburga: Katalog] / Authors-compilers Vasilyeva G.B., Zhitorchuk K.V., Kirikova L.A. Saint Peters-burg, Publishing Hhouse of the GMI St. Petersburg, 2006, 60 p.
[2] Winkelmann I.I. History of art of antiquity [Istoriya iskusstva drevnosti] / Prepare. I.E. Babanov. Saint Pe-tersburg, Alethea, 2000, 800 p.
[3] Geychenko S., Schultz P. Inventory of works of art in the territory of the estate b. Leuchtenberg. Composed in 1924 [Opis’ khudozhestvennykh proizvedeniy, nakhodyashchikhsya na territorii imeniya b. gertsoga Leykht-enbergskogo. Sostavleno v 1924 g.] // Scientific archives GMZ “Peterhof” [Nauchnyy arkhiv GMZ «Petergof»]. Inv. Number 748, pp. 35–31.
[4] Karpova E.V. Russian and Western European sculpture of XVIII-early XX century. New materials. Found. Attribution [Russkaya i zapadnoevropeyskaya skul’ptura XVIII–nachala KhKh veka. Novye materialy. Na-khodki. Atributsii]. Saint Petersburg, Art-SPb [Iskusstvo-SPB], 2009, 608 p.
[5] Karcheva E.I. Travel Nicholas I in Italy and the acquisition of sculptures for the New Hermitage [Puteshestv-ie Nikolaya I po Italii i priobretenie skul’ptury dlya Novogo Ermitazha] // Nicholas I and the New Hermitage. Catalog of the exhibition in the State Hermitage. February 19 – May 12, 2002 [Nikolay I i Novyy Ermitazh. Katalog vystavki v Gosudarstvennom Ermitazhe. 19 fevralya – 12 maya 2002 g.]. Saint Petersburg, Publish-ing House of the State Hermitage [Izd-vo Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha], 2002, pp. 116–139.
[6] Krivdina O.A. “Venus” I.P. Vitali [«Venera» I.P. Vitali] // St. Petersburg University [Sankt-Peterburgskiy Uni-versitet]. 1999, №11 (3507). 7 May, pp. 39–44.
[7] Krivdina O.A. Sculpture of the palace of the Duke of Leuchtenberg and the manor park Sergievka SpbGU [Skul’ptura dvortsa gertsoga Leykhtenbergskogo i parka usad’by Sergievka Biologicheskogo instituta Sp-bGU] // Biological Institute of St. Petersburg State University [Sankt Peterburgskiy universitet]. 2000, № 20 (3543), 11 September, pp. 26–32.
[8] Krivdina O.A. Collection of sculptures Dukes of Leuchtenberg [Kollektsiya skul’ptury Leykhtenbergskikh] // Young artist [Yunyy khudozhnik]. 2001, № 5, pp. 14–16.
[9] Krivdina O.A. Sculptors and their fate. Scientific reconstruction of the creative biography of Russian sculp-tors of the middle and second half of the XIX century [Vayateli i ikh sud’by. Nauchnaya rekonstruktsiya tvorcheskikh biografiy rossiyskikh skul’ptorov serediny i vtoroy poloviny XIX veka]. Saint Petersburg, Mad-am, 2006, 662 p.
[10] Krivdina O.A. Ivan Petrovich Vitali. Chronicles the life and work of the sculptor [Ivan Petrovich Vitali. Letopis’ zhizni i tvorchestva skul’ptora]. Saint Petersburg, Madam [Sudarynya], 2006, 175 p.
[11] Lazarev P.A. Vestal of science temple [Vestalka khrama nauki] // St. Petersburg University [Sankt Peterburg-skiy universitet]. 2002, Special Edition (3597). April 29, pp. 14–15.
[12] Lazarev P.A. and others. The restoration of the marble statue of “Nemesis” from the southern facade of the palace of the Dukes of Leuchtenberg Manor Sergievka [Restavratsiya mramornoy statui «Nemezida» s yuzhnogo fasada dvortsa gertsogov Leykhtenbergskikh v usad’be Sergievka] // Open Air Museum. Problems
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of preservation of monuments of stone and bronze [Muzey pod otkrytym nebom. Problemy sokhraneniya pamyatnikov iz kamnya i bronzy]. Saint Petersburg, Union-Design [Soyuz-Dizayn], 2012, pp. 141–145.
[13] Lenoblproekt. «Technical inspection and scientific research and restoration of the palace of the Duke of Leuchtenberg in Old Peterhof. Historical and architectural study, commissioned by the Biological Research Institute of Leningrad State University. The chief architect of the project – I.M. Seluyanova» [Lenoblproekt. «Tekhnicheskoe obsledovanie i nauchno-restavratsionnye izyskaniya po dvortsu gertsoga Leykhtenberg-skogo v Starom Petergofe. Istoriko-arkhitekturnoe issledovanie, po zakazu Biologicheskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta LGU. Glavnyy arkhitektor proekta]. Leningrad, 1986.
[14] Novikov Y.V. Private Villa and Sergievka in Old Peterhof [Sobstvennaya dacha i Sergievka v Starom Peter-gofe] // Research and Materials. Monuments of cultural history of St. Petersburg [Issledovaniya i materialy. Pamyatniki istorii kul’tury Sankt-Peterburga]. Saint Petersburg, White and Black [Beloe i chernoe], 1997, rel. 4, pp. 132–177.
[15] Osipov D.V. Return of lost masterpieces. (Search, attribution and restoration of works from the collection of the Duke of Leuchtenberg sculptures in the estate “Sergievka”) [Vozvrashchenie utrachennykh shedev-rov. (Poiski, atributirovanie i restavratsiya proizvedeniy iz kollektsii skul’ptur gertsoga Leykhtenbergskogo v usad’be «Sergievka»)] // Monuments. Vector surveillance. Collection of articles on the restoration of sculp-tures and monuments of the state monitoring in the urban environment [Pamyatniki. Vektor nablyudeniya. Sbornik statey po restavratsii skul’ptury i monitoringu sostoyaniya pamyatnikov v gorodskoy srede]. Saint Petersburg, Union-Design [Soyuz-Dizayn], 2008, pp. 95–106.
[16] Osipov D.V. Some results of the architectural and historical reconstruction of the artistic decoration of the manor Sergievka [Nekotorye itogi arkhitekturno-istoricheskoy rekonstruktsii khudozhestvennogo ubran-stva usad’by Sergievka] // Proceedings of regional youth ecological and local lore conference [Materialy Regional’noy molodezhnoy ekologo-kraevedcheskoy konferentsii]. Saint Petersburg, Department of offset printing chemical faculty of St. Petersburg State University [Otdel operativnoy poligrafii khimicheskogo fakul’teta SPbGU], 2008, pp. 124–138.
[17] Osipov D.V. The fate of the sculptures in the collection of Dukes Leuchtenberg of Sergievka: through the war years to the revival in the present century. Collection of articles on materials of scientific-practical confer-ence GMZ «Peterhof», «Post-war restoration: the present century a century past» [Sud’ba skul’ptury kollektsii Leykhtenbergskikh v Sergievke: cherez voennye gody k vozrozhdeniyu v vek nyneshniy. Sbornik statey po materialam nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii GMZ «Petergof», «Poslevoennaya restavratsiya: vek nynesh-niy i vek minuvshiy»]. Saint Petersburg, Publishing House of the «European House» [Izd-vo «Evropeyskiy Dom»], 2010, pp. 138–146.
[18] Osipov D.V. Venus Taking off Her Sandal. The Story of a masterpiece [Venera, snimayushchaya sandaliyu. Istoriya odnogo shedevra]. Saint Petersburg, GENIO LOCI, 2011, 34 p.
[19] Osipov D.V. The fate of the marble sculpture «Nemesis» [Sud’ba mramornoy skul’ptury «Nemezida»] // His-tory of St. Petersburg [Istoriya Peterburga]. 2011, № 1 (59), pp. 48–53.
[20] Osipov D.V. Fountain system of the grand-ducal Estate “Sergievka” of the second half of the XIX century (historical reconstruction) [Fontannaya sistema velikoknyazheskoy usad’by Sergievka vtoroy poloviny XIX veka (istoricheskaya rekonstruktsiya)] // Outdoor Museum. Problems of preservation of stone and bronze monuments [Muzey pod otkrytym nebom. Problemy sokhraneniya pamyatnikov iz kamnya i bronzy]. Saint Petersburg, Union-Design [Soyuz-Dizayn], 2012, pp. 44–58.
[21] Osipov D.V. The study of the cultural heritage of the palace and park ensemble “Sergievka”, Peterhof. In: Proceedings of the IX International Ecological School conference in Manor “Sergievka” - a monument of natural and cultural heritage, “Saving the environment and the optimization of its use in the Baltic region.” St. Petersburg, Old Peterhof, 27-28 November 2014 g. [Izuchenie kul’turnogo naslediya dvortsovo-parko-vogo ansamblya «Sergievka», Petergof. V: Materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoy ekologicheskoy Shkoly-konferent-sii v usad’be «Sergievka» – pamyatnike prirodnogo i kul’turnogo naslediya: «Sokhranenie prirodnoy sredy i optimizatsiya ee ispol’zovaniya v Baltiyskom regione». Sankt-Peterburg, Staryy Petergof, 27-28 noyabrya 2014 g.]. Saint Petersburg, Publishing house of the VVM [Izd-vo VVM]. 2014, pp. 94–103.
[22] Osipov D.V., Fedorovskiy G.D. The fate of Cleopatra chernobazaltovoy sculpture from the collection of the Duke Maximilian Leuchtenberg Sergievka Manor, Old Peterhof [Sud’ba chernobazal’tovoy skul’ptury Kleo-patry iz sobraniya gertsoga Maksimiliana Leykhtenbergskogo v usad’be Sergievka, Staryy Petergof] // Clio. Magazine for scientists [KLIO. Zhurnal dlya uchenykh]. Saint Petersburg, Publishing house «Poltorak», 2012, № 10 (70), pp. 105–110.
[23] Sculpture of the Pavlovsk Palace Museum. Full collections catalog. Volume III. Issue 1. Sculpture. The State Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk [Skul’ptura Pavlovskogo dvortsa-muzeya. Polnyy katalog kollektsiy. Tom III. Vyp.1. Skul’ptura. Gosudarstvennyy muzey-zapovednik Pavlovsk]. Saint Petersburg, Publishing House GMZ «Pavlovsk» [Izd-vo GMZ «Pavlovsk»] 2007, 248 p.
[24] Spyshnov P.A. Fountains. Moscow, State. ed. Arch. and Gradostroy [Fontany. M.: Gos. izd. Arkh. i gradostr]. 1950, 172 p.
[25] Trofimova A.A. Preface [Predislovie] // V International Conference “Actual problems of theory and history of art.” Abstracts of communications [V Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya «Aktual’nye problemy teorii i istorii iskusstva». Tezisy]. Saint Petersburg, 2014, pp. 9–14.
[26] Taste and the Antique / F. Haskell & N. Penny. London. New Haven, Yale University Press. Fourth printing, 1994, 376 p.
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1�1AXIOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE
M.S. Inkizhekova,doctor of philosophy, associate Professor, Professor, Ural juridical Institute of the Ministry of internal Affairs of
E.V. Penionzhek,candidate of philosophical Sciences, associate Professor, major of police, the chief of the Department of General
psychology, Humanities and social science, Ural juridical Institute of the Ministry of internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg;
e-mail: [email protected] IN SoCIo-CULTURAL SPACe: INTeRDISCIPLINARY ReSeARCHThe article presents the variant of an interdisciplinary studies innovation as a phenomenon of social and cultural dy-namics, which used the concept of diffusionism, synergetics and social constructivism. Presents the methodological approach allows to investigate the phenomenon of innovation as based on the analysis of concrete historical relations of the various social, cultural and economic systems, and on identifying the leadership role of elites in processes of innovation. Presents an interdisciplinary approach allows us to consider the new aspect of the problem of “optimization” of the Russian economy through the practice of creating “economic zones”. On the example of “economic zones», the article also examines the role of diffusion in the economy. The authors note that until the XVIII century the center of economic activity was the Mediterranean. Here first arose the practice of creating “special economic zones” in the form of a “free port” (“Porto-Franco”). In the twentieth century, special “zones” are create around the world, with the purpose of optimization of national economies. The article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the formative practices of “zoning” in Russia.Key words: diffusionism, synergy, innovation, open system, self-organization, economic zones.
References:[1] Vasilenko L.A. Management of social innovations: management of the future [Menedzhment sotsial’nykh
innovatsiy: upravlenie budushchim] // Public service [Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba]. 2011, № 3, pp. 70–74.[2] Glukhova T. I. Diffusionism as a model of interpretation of the phenomena of cultural interaction [Diffuzi-
onizm kak model’ interpretatsii fenomenov kul’turnogo vzaimodeystviya] // Bulletin of Russian Academy of education [Vestnik universiteta Rossiyskoy akademii obrazovaniya]. 2014, № 5, pp. 110–113.
[3] Karpichev V. S. Foundation of innovative breakthrough in state management [Osnovaniya innovatsionnogo proryva v gosudarstvennom upravlenii]. Moscow, Prospekt, 2008.
[4] Knyazeva E.N., Kurdyumov S.P. Synergy Basics: Man in Control of Himself and his Future [Osnovaniya sinergetiki: Chelovek konstruiruyushchiy sebya i svoe budushchee]. Moscow. LIBROKOM Publishing House, 2014.
[5] Pavlov P.V. The institution of special economic zones in the Russian Federation: financial, legal and organ-izacionno-economic aspects of functioning [Institut osobykh ekonomicheskikh zon v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: finansovo-pravovye i oragnizatsionno-ekonomicheskie aspekty funktsionirovaniya]. Moscow, Master [Mag-istr], INFRA-M, 2010.
[6] Tatarkin D. A., Maslennikov M. I. Special economic zones: issues and trends (domestic and foreign experi-ence) [Osobye ekonomicheskie zony: problemy i tendentsii razvitiya (otechestvennyy i zarubezhnyy opyt)]. Ekaterinburg, Institute of Economics UB RAS, 2010.
[7] Usmanov B.F. Social Innоvations [Sotsial’naya innovatika]. Moscow, Society [Sotsium], 2009.[8] Schumpeter J. Theory of economic development: Capitalism, socialism and democracy [Teoriya ekonom-
icheskogo razvitiya: Kapitalizm, sotsializm i demokratiya]. Moscow, EKSMO, 2007.[9] Areas instead of zones [Territorii vmesto zon] // News [Vedomosti], № 3632 from 17.07.2014. URL: http://
www.vedomosti.ru/finance/news/29087781/territorii-vmesto-zon [10] Federal law of 29.12.2014 No. 473-FZ «About territories of advancing socio-economic development in the
A.yu. Chukurov PhD (cultural studies), assistant professor,
Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg;e-mail: [email protected]
Homo Lego: mAN-DeSIgNeR (To THe PRoBLem )Dialogue between the authorities and the body in the XXI century changes. Control is becoming more sophisti-cated and less obvious. The spectrum of forms and methods of personal resistance is incredibly expanded at the same time. Man consciously changes their physiological parameters, reducing the level of actual or anticipated discomfort. Self-ownership principle is in the basis for this research. This is a basic principle of libertarian tran-shumanism. According to this principle every person is the owner of his body, has a natural right to the invio-lability and only he/she could controls and disposes his/her property. Based on this principle, and consistently examining different modern social and cultural trends, we make the conclusion that mankind is on the verge of forming a new type of man who can be described as «Homo Lego», and we give its characteristics.Key words: corporeality, body, informational society, security, body transformations, self-defense, self-identifica-tion, libertarian transhumanism, self-ownership.
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Reference[1] Virno P. Grammatica della moltitudine [Grammatica mnojestva]: tr. Petrov A. M.: Ad Marginem Press, 2013,
176 p.[2] Gielen P. The murmuring of the artistic multitude. Global Art, Politics and Post-Fordism [Bormotanie hu-
dojestvennogo mnojesnva. Globalnoe iskusstvo, politica, postfordism]: tr.Tabenkin M. M.: Ad Marginem Press, 2015, 288 p.
[3] Ouattara V. Life in red [Jizn v krasnom]: tr. Pavlovskaya M. M. «KompasGide», series of “Citizen of the world”, 2012, 128 p.
[4] Foucault M. The birth of biopolitics. Lecture course. [Rojdenie biopolitiky. Kurs lekciyj] // Center of Humani-tarian Technologies [Rejim dostupa: http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/doc/6709 (28.07.2015), svobodni. – Zagl. s ekrana – jaz.. rus.]
[5] Hadi. Crippled [Iscalechennaia]: tr. Hanova A. M: Ripol Classic, series of «Pocket&Travel», 2011, 256 p.[6] Chukurov A. Y. Designing of a corporeity as self-checking mechanism [Konstruirovanie telesnosty kaka
mekanizm samocontrolya] // Society. Environment. Development [Obshchestvo. Sreda. Razvitie]. Scientific theory journal. № 3, 2015. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing house “Asterion”, pp. 145–149.
[7] Chukurov A. Y. The personal mechanisms of self-adaptation as the cause of social and cultural transforma-tions. [Mekanizmi samoadaptacii lichnosty kak prichini socioculturnih transformaciy] //Society. Environ-ment. Development [Obshchestvo. Sreda. Razvitie]. Scientific theory journal. №4, 2015. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing house “Asterion”, pp. 116–121.
PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE
I.B. Romanenko,PhD, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University, St. Petersburg;
K.V. Sultanov, Doctor of Philosophy, honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint-Petersburg;
e-mail: [email protected] INTeRACTIVe TeCHNoLogIeS IN THe TeACHINg oF PHILoSoPHICAL AND HUmANITARIAN DISCIPLINeS: THe ASPeCTS oF INTeRACTIoN Тhe problem of the use of interactive technologies in the teaching of philosophical and humanitarian disciplines is analyzed in the article from the point of view of forming a multilevel interactions in the system “the teacher – the student” and “the student – the student”. The authors of the article pay attention to some difficulties in the use of these methods and technologies in the situation of the modern university education. A special attention is paid to the necessary preparatory steps which teachers and professors should make in the training of students for interactive work. Another aspect is the attention to the change of the role of the teacher and professor and the importance of the forming of effective feedback.Key words: an interactive technologies, an educational technologies, philosophical and humanitarian disciplines, the aspects of interaction, the philosophical dialogue, the university environment.
References:[1] Bordovskaya N.V. Reading Technology lecture-dialogue as a way of organizing collective interaction in the
«teacher-student» system [Tekhnologiya chteniya lektsii-dialoga kak sposoba organizatsii kollektivnogo vza-imodeystviya v sisteme «prepodavatel’-student»] // Humanitarian Technologies in university educational practice: the practice of design, analysis and application: Textbook [Gumanitarnye tekhnologii v vuzovskoy obrazovatel’noy praktike: praktika proektirovaniya, analiza i primeneniya: uch. pos.] / under total. Ed. N.V. Bordovskikh. Saint Petersburg, Publishing house RGPU A.I. Herzen [Izd-vo RGPU im. A.I. Gertsena], 2008, pp. 160–171.
[3] Goncharko D.N. The crisis of representation in ethics [Krizis reprezentatsii v etike] // Bulletin of Leningrad State University. AS Pushkin [Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. A.S. Pushkina]. 2009, vol. 1, № 3, pp. 106–112.
[4] Goncharko D.N., Goncharko O.J. Dialog Strategy logical Education: Past and Present [Dialogovye strategii v logicheskom obrazovanii: istoriya i sovremennost’] // Symbolic Universe of the Child: between information and knowledge [Simvolicheskaya Vselennaya rebenka: mezhdu informatsiey i znaniem]. Saint Petersburg, 2016, pp. 342–346.
[5] Erunov B.A. Gnoseology and social psychology, and new possibilities of human cognition [Gnoseologiya i sotsial’naya psikhologiya i novye vozmozhnosti chelovecheskogo poznaniya]. Saint Petersburg, Publishing house St. Petersburg State University Faculty of Philology [SPBGU], 2007, 272 p.
[6] Zhebrovskaya O.O. The technology «Debates» [Tekhnologiya «Debaty»] // Humanitarian Technologies in university educational practice: the practice of design, analysis and application: Textbook [Gumanitarnye tekhnologii v vuzovskoy obrazovatel’noy praktike: praktika proektirovaniya, analiza i primeneniya: Uch. pos.] / under total. Ed. NV Bordovskikh. Saint Petersburg, Publishing house RGPU A.I. Herzen [Izd-vo RGPU im. A.I. Gertsena], 2008, pp. 78–100.
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1�3[7] Kazakova E.I. Case-study - problem-search analysis technology in higher education process technology [Case-study – tekhnologiya problemno-poiskovogo analiza v vuzovskom obrazovatel’nom protsesse] // Humanities in university educational practice: the practice of design, analysis and application: Textbook [Gumanitarnye tekhnologii v vuzovskoy obrazovatel’noy praktike: praktika proektirovaniya, analiza i primeneniya: Uch. Pos] / under total. Ed. N.V. Bordovskikh. Saint Petersburg, Publishing house RGPU A.I. Herzen, 2008, pp. 404–421.
[8] Puiu Y. Political manipulation of yesterday, today and tomorrow [Politicheskoe manipulirovanie: vchera, segodnya, zavtra] // Philosophy of Law [Filosofiya prava]. 2011, № 1, pp. 49–52.
[9] Puiu Y., Romanenko I.B., Sultanov K.V. Manipulative impact and educational technology: the formation is controversial, dialogue culture // Society. Wednesday. Development. Scientific theory journal. Number 2015. 4 (37). Pp 132-137.
[10] Romanenko I.B. The socio-cultural identity and spiritual and moral education (reflection on the article DK Boatmen “Spiritual well-founded education in the post-secular space”) [Sotsiokul’turnaya identichnost’ i dukhovno-nravstvennoe vospitanie (razmyshleniya o stat’e D.K. Burlaki «Dukhovno-fundirovannoe obra-zovanie v postsekulyarnom prostranstve»)] // Bulletin of Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy [Vestnik Russkoy khristianskoy gumanitarnoy Akademii], 2013, vol. 14, rel. 2, pp. 65–72.
[11] Romanenko Y. Ontology myth [Ontologiya mifa] / Tutorial [Uch. pos.]. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing house of Saint-Petersburg University, 2006, 142 p.
[12] Romanenko Y. The ontological approach to the imagination, or the imaginary approach to ontology [Onto-logicheskiy podkhod k voobrazheniyu, ili voobrazhaemyy podkhod k ontologii] // Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University [Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta]. Series 6, 2003, № 4, pp. 19–24.
[13] Sultanov K.V, Romanenko I.B. The socio-cultural identity of the youth as a philosophical problem [Sotsiokul’turnaya identichnost’ molodezhi kak filosofskaya problema] // Society. Environment. Development [Obshchestvo. Sreda. Razvitie]. Scientific theory journal. № 1 (22), 2012. Saint-Petersburg, Publishing house “Asterion”, 2012, pp. 116–121.
SCIENTIfIC INquIRy
I.S. Lukyanov,Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok;
e-mail: [email protected] WHAT IT IS NeCeSSARY To FIgHT? WHeTHeR WILL DIe oFF THe STATe, WHeTHeR “FULL CommUNISm” AND ABoUT STABILITY FRom SPLITTINg STATe WILL Be CoNSTRUCTeD eDUCATIoNSIn whose interests the relations of alienation and assignment are carried out? The elected members of society (the relations of a private property, individualist type of society are realized) or all members of society (the relations of the socialized property, collectivist type of society are realized). The system configuration of government of the fair relations, steady from splitting, can be provided as: two-party open system on the basis of the socialized property which is the main program goal of both batches. “Full communism” won’t be constructed. The state won’t die off.Key words: property, right, power, stability, ideology, base.
References:[1] Aristotel. Anthology of world political thought. Vol. 1. Moscow, Thought [Mysl], 1997, 831 p.[2] Boulding K. The general systems theory – a science skeleton // Researches on the general systems theory.
Moscow, Progress, 1969, pp. 106–124.[3] Lenin V.I. Complete works. Vol. 33. Moscow, Politizdat, 1981, 433 p.[4] Lenin V.I. Complete works. Vol. 45. Moscow, Politizdat, 1982, 729 p.[5] Lukyanov I.S. Theoretical ignorance – the form of treachery of communistic movement. Vladivostok, Dal-
nauka, 2010, 173 с.[6] Marks K., Engels F. 2nd work. Vol. 3. Moscow, Politizdat, 1955, 629 p.[7] Ostanin V.A. Enhancement of an economic mechanism as form of resolution of conflicts of socialist property.
Vladivostok, FESU publishing house, 1990, 111 p.[8] Stalin I.V. Economic problems of socialism in the USSR. Moscow, Politizdat, 1952, 95 p. [9] Engels F. Anti-Dyuring. Moscow, Politizdat, 1957, 375 p.[10] Engels F. Origin of a family, private property and state. Moscow, Politizdat, 1976, 240 p.
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E n v i r o n m E n tGLOBAL ECOLOGICAL CRISIS: MyTHS AND REALITy
D.A. Subetto,Dr. hab. (“Doctor of Geographical Sciences”), Director, Northern Water Problems Institute, KarRC, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk; Professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St.Petersburg;
y.A. Kublitskiy,Assistant, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg;
e-mail: [email protected]/CATASTRoPHIC CHANgeS AND eVeNTS oF CLImATe AND eNVIRoNmeNT DURINg THe LATe PLeIS-ToCeNe-HoLoCeNe TRANSITIoN IN NoRTHWeSTeRN RUSSIA This article presents the results of analytical studies of Lake Bottom deposits in NW Russia. Paleogeographical reconstruction of abrupt/catastrophic changes of climate and environment during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene transition is based on paleolimnological data. All paleolimnological data from the NW Russia have been sum-marized into the database.Key words: lake deposits, geochemistry, Late Pleistocene, Holocene, impact, abrupt climate and environmental changes, Northwestern Russia.
T.V., Syrykh L.S. Searching for meteorite impact traces: features of the distribution of trace elements in Late Pleistocene sediments of Medvedevskoe lake (Karelian Isthmus, Russia) [Poisk sledov meteoritnogo udara: osobennosti raspredeleniya mikroelementov v pozdnepleytotsenovykh osadkakh oz.Medvedevskogo (Karel’skiy peresheyek, Rossiya)] // Reports of the Academy of Sciences [Doklady Akademii Nauk], 2014, №1, pp 69–73.
[2] Velichko A.A., Kremenetskiy K.V., Negendank Y., Minhram Y., Borisova O.K., Gribchenko Y.N., Zelikson A.M., Klimanov V.A., Novenko E.Y., Pirumova L.G., Pisareva V.V., Razumovskiy L.V., Timireva S.N. Late Quaternary paleogeography north-east Europe (according to a comprehensive study of lake sediments Gal-ich) [Pozdnechetvertichnaya paleogeografiya severo-vostoka Yevropy (po dannym kompleksnogo izucheniya osadkov Galichskogo ozera)] // Math. Russian Academy of Sciences. Ser. geographic. [Izv. RAN. Ser. ge-ograficheskaya] 2001, № 3, pp. 42–54.
[3] Kolka V.V., Yevzerov V.Ya. M., Moeller J.J., Corner G.D. The dynamics of sea level in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene and stratigraphy of bottom sediments isolated lakes on the southern shore of the Kola Peninsula, in the region of the village of Umba [Peremeshcheniye urovnya morya v pozdnem pleystotsene-golotsene i stratigrafiya donnykh osadkov izolirovannykh ozor na yuzhnom beregu Kol’skogo poluostrova, v rayone poselka Umba] // Izvestiya RAN. geogr Series [Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geogr]. 2013, № 1, pp. 73–88.
[4] Kuznetsov D.D., Subetto D.A., Sapelko T.V., Ludikova A.V. Hydrographic network northern part of the Karelian Isthmus in Holocene according to the structure of the deposits of small lakes [Gidrografichskaya set’ severnoy chasti Karel’skogo peresheyka v golotsene po dannym o stroyenii otlozheniy malykh ozor] // Geomorphology. 2015, № 1, pp. 54–69.
[5] Ludikova A.V., Subetto D.A., Davydova N.N. Sapelko T.V. Arslanov Kh. A. Fluctuations in the level of Lake Ladoga in the Holocene (on the basis of research palaeolimnological oz.Sv. Sergius on about. Putsaari) [Kole-baniya urovnya Ladozhskogo ozera v golotsene (na osnove paleolimnologicheskikh issledovaniy oz.Sv. Sergi-ya na o. Putsaari] // Proceedings of the Russian Geographical Society [Izvestiya Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva]. Vol.137, rel. 6, 2005, pp 34–41.
1��[6] Subetto D.A. The sediments of lakes: paleolimnological reconstruction. [Donnyye otlozheniya ozer: pale-olimnologicheskiye rekonstruktsii]. Saint-Petersburg, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia [izd-vo RGPU im. A. I. Gertsena], 2009, 348 p.
[7] Subetto D.A. Palaeolimnological reconstruction of the White Sea White Sea [Paleolimnologicheskiye rekon-struktsii v basseyne Belogo morya] // System of White sea. Vol.1. The natural environment of the catchment area of the White Sea [Sistema Belogo morya. Tom.1. Prirodnaya sreda vodosbora Belogo moray] // Ans. Ed. Academician A.P. Lisitsyn. Moscow, Science World, 2010,pp. 247–265.
[8] Subetto D.A., Averechkin O.B., Kuznetsov D.D. Paleostream calculations on the Baltic-Ladoga compound in the northern part of the Karelian Isthmus [Raschety paleostoka po Baltiysko-Ladozhskomu soyedineniyu v severnoy chasti Karel’skogo peresheyka] // Proceedings of the Russian Geographical Society [Izvestiya Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva], Vol. 141, № 5, 2009, pp. 37–51.
[9] Subetto D.A., Davydova N. N., Sapelko T.V., Volfart B., Vastegord S., Kuznetsov D.D. Climate in northwest-ern Russia during the Pleistocene - to Holocene transition period [Klimat Severo-zapada Rossii na rubezhe pleystotsena i golotsena] // Proceedings of the Russian Geographical Society [Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Ros-siyskaya Akademiya Nauk, Seriya Geograficheskaya]. 2003, № 5, pp. 80–91
[10] Subetto D.A., Shevchenko V.P., Ludikova A.V., Kuznetsov D.D., Sapelko T.V., Lisitsin A.P., Yevzerov V.Ya., P. van Beek, Souhaut M., Subetto G.D. Chronology insulation Lakes Solovetsky archipelago and speed of the modern lake sedimentation [Khronologiya izolyatsii ozer Solovetskogo arkhipelaga i skorosti sovremennogo ozernogo osadkonakopleniya] // Reports of the Academy of Sciences, “Geology” series, [Doklady Akademii Nauk, Seriya «Geologiya»], 2012, Vol. 446, № 2, pp. 183–190.
[11] AndronikovA.V., Rudnickaitë E., LaurettaD.S., Andronikova I.E., KaminskasD., ĐinkűnasP., Meleđytë M. Geochemical vidence o the presence of volcanic and meteoritic materials in Late Pleistocene lake sediments of Lithuania // Quaternary International. 2015, vol. 386, pp. 18–29.
[12] Bjцrck S., Walker M. J. C., Cwynar L. C., Johnsen S., Knudsen K.-L., Lowe J. J., Wohlfarth B. & INTIMATE members. An event stratigraphy for the Last Termination in the North Atlantic region based on the Greenland ice-core record: a proposal by the INTIMATE group // J. of Quaternary Science. 1998, vol. 13, pp. 283–292.
[13] Lowe J.J., Coope G.R., Lemdahl G., Walker M.J.C. The Younger Dryas climate signal in land records from NW Europe // The Younger Dryas. Troelstra S.R., van Hinte J.E., Ganssen G.M. (eds). Amsterdam, 1995, pp. 3–26.
[14] Subetto D.A., Wohlfarth B., Davydova N.N., Sapelko T.V., Bjцrkman L., Solovieva N., Wastegеrd S., Possnert G., Khomutova V.I. Climate and environment on the Karelian Isthmus, northwestern Russia, 13000–9000 cal. yrs BP // Boreas. 2002, v. 31, pp. 1–19.
[15] Syrykh L., Subetto D.A., Grekov I. Paleolimnological database for lakes of Russian plain // Proceedings of the II PAST Gateways INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP. 2014, pp. 74–75.
G.T. frumin,Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), professor, Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU), Saint-Petersburg;
A.V. Eryomina,engineer, Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU), Saint-Petersburg;
e-mail: [email protected] To PRoBLem SoLVINg oF DIAgNoSIS AND FoReCASTINg oF PReCIPITATIoN FoR THe CITY SeRVICeS NeeDSMain disadvantages of modern precipitation calculation method in Saint-Petersburg have been considered. Auto-mated methodology of calculation, monitoring and forecasting of precipitation on the territory of big industrial city (by the example of Saint-Petersburg) has been developed. Flowchart of model of automated information system of monitoring and forecasting of precipitation is shown. Adapted mesoscale meteorological model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) is used for precipitation forecasting. Daily precipitation data are used on the proving ground from 5th November to 15th December 2015. These data are associated with forecasting data. In the mathematical and statistical analysis methods is established the divergence between actual and forecast daily precipitation data is inessential. Considered automated information system of monitoring and forecasting of pre-cipitation reliably allows to take into account and forecast daily precipitation. This system can be used in efficient practice for providing works of city services which are competent of executing city infrastructure works.Key words: Saint-Petersburg, automated precipitation gage, daily precipitation, forecasting model, regression method.
References:[1] Alexeev M.I., Kurganov A.M. Organization of the diversion of surface (rain and melted) runoff disposal from
urbanised areas [Organizatsiya otvedeniya poverhnostnogo (dozhdevogo i talogo) stoka s urbanizirovannyih territoriy]. Moscow, ACB; SPbGASU, 2000, 352 p.
1�� [2] Vel’tishchev N.F., Zhupanov V.D. Experiments on the Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation in the WRF-ARW Model [Eksperimentyi po usvoeniyu radiolokatsionnoy otrazhaemosti v modeli WRF-ARW] // Meteorology and Hydrology. 2012, № 3, pp. 5–19.
[3] Karmazinov F.V. Serviceability, controllability and efficiency improvement of the water disposal system of the large city [Povyishenie ekspluatatsionnoy nadezhnosti, upravlyaemosti i effektivnosti sistemyi vodootvedeni-ya krupnogo goroda]. Thesis in form of scientific report for the degree in Engineering Sciences. Saint-Pe-tersburg, Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2000, 43 p.
[4] Climate in Saint-Petersburg and Its Changes [Klimat Sankt-Peterburga i ego izmeneniya] / The Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. State Institution «Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory»; ed. by V.P. Meleshko, A.V. Meshcherskaya, E.I. Khlebnikova. Saint-Petersburg: State Institu-tion «Main Geophysical Observatory», 2010, 256 p.
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[10] Smirnov N.V., Dunin-Barkovski I.V. Short Course of Mathematical Statistics for Technical Applications [Krat-kiy kurs matematicheskoy statistiki dlya tehnicheskih prilozheniyniy]. Moscow, Fizmatgiz, 1959, 436 p.
[11] Smirnova M.M., Rubinstein K.G.. Yushkov V.P. Assessment of reproductive characteristics of boundary layer [Otsenka vosproizvedeniya regionalnoy modelyu harakteristik pogranichnogo sloya atmosferyi] // Meteorol-ogy and Hydrology. 2011, № 12, pp. 5–16.
[12] Frumin G.T., Davydenko E.V. Interannual dynamics of atmospheric precipitation in Saint-Petersburg [Mezhgodovaya dinamika atmosfernyih osadkov v Sankt-Peterburge] // Analysis, Forecast and Natural Risk Management in Modern World: Materials of the 9th International scientific and practical conference «GEORISK-2015» [Analiz, prognoz i upravlenie prirodnyimi riskami v sovremennom mire: materialyi 9-y Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «GEORISK-2015»], vol. 1 / Ed. by V.I. Osipov. Mos-cow, RUDN, 2015, pp. 420–423.
[13] Frumin G.T., Dikinis A.V.. Krashanovskaya Yu.V. Concentration of metals in soils of Saint-Petersburg [Sod-erzhanie metallov v pochvo-gruntah Sankt-Peterburga] // Ecological Chemistry. 2015, № 24 (3), pp. 137–141.
NATuRAL ENVIRONMENT
T.V. Napreenko-Dorokhova, Ph.D. (“Candidate of Geographical Sciences”), Research Officer, Atlantic Branch of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaliningrad; Contributor, Natural Heritage scientific centre (NGO),
M.G. Napreenko, Ph.D. (“Candidate of Biological Sciences”), Leader, Natural Heritage scientific centre (NGO), Kaliningrad;
Assistent Professor, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad;e-mail: [email protected]
D.A. Subetto,Dr. hab. (“Doctor of Geographical Sciences”), Director, Northern Water Problems Institute, KarRC, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk; Professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St.Petersburg;
e-mail: [email protected] oF NATURAL eCoSYSTemS IN THe CeNTRAL PART oF THe KALININgRAD RegIoN oF RUSSIA (SoUTH-eASTeRN BALTIC) IN ReLATIoN To eNVIRoNmeNTAL CHANge AND HUmAN ImPACTNew insights into vegetation evolution on the territory of vast glaciolacustrine landscape in the central part of the Kaliningrad Region of Russia (south-eastern Baltic) is provided in the article. The outcomes discussed in the paper are based on comprehensive investigation of peat deposits taken from a large raised bog (Zehlau) which is considered as typical ecosystem of the glaciolacustrine plain representing valid data for the whole landscape area. Such approach includes a number of palaeoenvironmental methods such as pollen analysis (96 peat samples were analysed), investigation of botanical composition of peat (270 samples from 9 peat cores), radiocarbon (14C) dating (10 samples were dated). Mire bottom topography was detected in order to reveal the conditions of mire formation launch. Main theses to be supported regard alterations within the structure of overwhelming forest communities and large mire ecosystems. Broadleaved communities with Quercus, Ulmus, Tilia, Corylus dominated in this land-scape during Subboreal (≈4700-2700 B.P.). Mire formation started via paludification way in flat depressions
1��overgrown with alder swamps. The latter were afterwards rapidly replaced with vast reed vegetation. Species composition of deciduous forests changed at the first half of Subatlantic (≈2700-1300 B.P.) due to spreading of Carpinus and Fagus. Rapid succession of different Sphagna communities is performed on mires at that time in-dicating fast transition of reed fens into raised bogs with massive Sphagnum peat deposits. Climate cooling and spreading of Picea at the second half of Subatlantic (≈1300-400 B.P.) resulted into further alterations of broad-leaved forest communities that changed into two new types: broadleaved-conifers with Picea and deciduous with Quercus, Carpinus and Tilia dominance. Since XVII century (400 B.P.), the human impact is recorded in the area. It resulted into essential forest reduction and mire transformation.Key words: palaeoenvironments, reconstruction, Kaliningrad Region, palynology, peat bogs, botanical composi-tion of peat, stratigraphical profile, Zehlau ecosystem, Holocene
References[1] Botch M.S., Mazing V.V. List of mires designated for conservation in European part of the USSR [Spisok
[2] Botch M.S., Mazing V.V. Mires in the USSR [Ecosistemy bolot SSSR]. Leningrad, Science [Nauka], 1979, 187 p.
[3] Botch M.S., Napreenko M.G. Zehlau raised bog [Boloto Tselau] // Wetlands in Russia. Important mires / Ed. M.S. Botch. Мoscow, Wetlands International Publication, 1999, vol. 2, № 49, pp. 39–40.
[4] Gudelis V.K. Palaeogeographical scheme for the Late Glacial and Postglacial period in the Eastern Baltic Region [Skhema paleogeograficheskogo razvitiya Pribaltiki v pozdne-poslelednikovoye vremya] // In: Geol-ogy of the Baltic Sea / Ed. V.K. Gudelis, E.M. Emelianov. Vilnius, Mokslas, 1975, 380 p.
[5] Korotkina M.Ya. Botanical analysis of peat [Botanicheskiy analiz torfa] // Approaches to investigation of peatlands [Metody issledovaniya torfyanykh bolot] / Ed. M.I. Neustadt. Moscow, The People’s Commissariat for Agriculture of the RSFSR, 1939. Part 2, pp. 5–59.
[6] Kutcheryavy P.P., Fyodorov G.M. Geography of the Kaliningrad Region [Geografiya Kaliningradskoy ob-lasti]. Kaliningrad, 1989, 142 p.
[7] Napreenko-Dorokhova T.V., Napreenko M.G. On the evolution of Zehlau ecosystem according to structure of peat deposits [Razvitiye prirodnogo kompleksa Tselau (po dannym stroyeniya torfyanoy zalezhi)] // Bul-letin of the Immanuel Kant Baltic federal university [Vestnik Baltiyskogo federal’nogo universiteta im. I. Kanta]. 2015, vol. 1: Natural sciences, Kaliningrad, IKBFU, pp. 50–64.
[8] Pobedimova E.G. The flora of the Kaliningrad Region: species composition, distribution over the districts and economical significance [Sostav, rasprostraneniye po rayonam i khozyaystvennoye znacheniye flory Ka-liningradskoy oblasti] // Proceedings of the V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR [Trudy Botanicheskogo instituta im. V.L. Komarova AN SSSR]. Moscow-Leningrad, 1955. Ser. III (Geobotany), vol. 10, pp. 225–329.
[9] Piavtchenko N.I. Peat decomposition degree and techniques of its estimation [Stepen’ razlozheniya torfa i metody eyo opredeleniya]. Krasnoyarsk, 1963, 55 p.
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decke des Zehlaubruches] // Schriften der Phys.-цkon. Gesellschaft zu Kцnigsberg i. Pr. 1929, vol. 66 (1), pp. 1–193.
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1�� A.S. Mityukov,the Doctor of agricultural sciences, the leading researcher,
INOZ Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected]
V.A. Rumyantsev,the academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the doctor of geographical sciences, professor, the
research supervisor, INOZ Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg; e-mail: [email protected]
L.N. Kryukovthe Doctor of Chemistry, the chief researcher, INOZ Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg;
G.S. yaroshevich, the Doctor of agricultural sciences, the director, the Pskov research institute of agriculture, Pskov;
e-mail: [email protected] THe PRoPeRTIeS oF HUmIC SUBSTANCeS SAPRoPeL UNDeR THe INFLUeNCe oF ULTRASoNIC IRRADIATIoNIt is assumed that the use of sapropel in crop production as an organic fertilizer increases the yield of agricultural crops, in animal husbandry as feed additives, improves the animal body’s natural resistance to disease, increase pro-ductivity and live weight gain. Research has established that sapropel is composed of almost all vital micro- and ma-cronutrients. It is revealed that in the sapropels are crude and digestible protein, easily hydrolysing carbohydrates, vitamin A. the Inclusion in the diet of heifers 200 g sapropel in the diet is increased by 111,5 g dry matter 7,7 g crude protein, of 0.44 g of calcium of 8,3 mg of copper, with 73,1 mg of zinc, 3,8 mg of cobalt and 23,7 mg of manganese. Average daily gain in live weight of the experimental group with the sapropel was 764, which is higher than the con-trol at 36 grams (4,9 per cent). Economic impact per head heifers experienced from the use of sapropel amounted 1734,48 ruble per head per year, per 1000 goal. – 1,73 million rubles, the sapropel is not the end of economic ef-ficiency. Sapropel exhibits medicinal properties, strengthens the health of animals, reduced the cost of medicines. Key words: sapropel, crop, fertilizer, livestock, feed additives, rations, live weight, efficiency.
References[1] Gitelman R.M., Akif ’eva G.E., Levitsky V.A. application of sapropel in the diet of cattle [Ispolzovanie sapro-
pelya v ratsionakh krupnogo rogatogoskota] // Sapropel and its products [Sapropel i produkty ego pererabot-ki]. International. scientific.-prod. Conf. Omsk, 2008, pp. 36–38.
[2] Krasnitsky V.M., Averin D.G. Qualitative assessment of raw sapropel of Omsk region Sapropel and its prod-ucts [Kachestvennajа ocenka sapropelevogo syr’ jа omskoi oblasti] // Sapropel and its products [Sapropel i produkty ego pererabotki]. International. scientific.-prod. Conf. Omsk, 2008, pp. 12–14.
[3] Lishtvan I.I., Lopotko M.Z. the Use of sapropel in the national economy [Ispol’zovanie sapropelei v nar-odnom hozjаistve] // The problems of the use of sapropel in the national economy [Problemy ispol’zovanijа sapropelei v narodnom hozjаistve]. Minsk, Science and technology [Nauka i tehnika], 1976, pp. 5–13.
[4] Lysko B.S., Maltseva N.A., Maltsev A.B. Influence of sapropel and its products on the immune system of poultry [Vlijаnie sapropeljа i produktov ego pererabotki na immunnuyu sistemu sel’skohozjаistvennoi pticy] // Sapropel and its products [Sapropel i produkty ego pererabotki]. International. scientific.-prod. Conf. Omsk, 2008, pp. 27–29.
[5] Maltsev A.B., Maltsev N.A., Adrianka O.A., Bogdanova L.A., Lysko B.S. Sapropel and its products in feed-ing farm birds [Sapropel’ i produkty ego pererabotki v kormlenii sel’skohozjаistvennoi pticy] // Sapropel and its products [Sapropel i produkty ego pererabotki]. International. scientific.-prod. Conf. Omsk, 2008, pp. 25–27.
[6] L.R. Makina Efficiency of application of sapropels and organic-mineral fertilizers based on sapropel on the irrigated floodplain soils of the Krasnoyarsk territory [Yeffektivnost’ primenenijа sapropelei i organo-mineral’nyh udobrenii na osnove sapropeljа na poimennyh oroshaemyh pochvah Krasnojаrskogo krajа] // Sapropel and its products [Sapropel i produkty ego pererabotki]. International. scientific.-prod. Conf. Omsk, 2008, pp. 17–20.
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[8] Hramtsov I. F., Voronkova N. And., Mannapova A. I., Ham O. F. the Efficiency of using sapropel in ag-riculture of Omsk region [Yeffektivnost’ primenenijа sapropeljа v zemledelii Omskoi oblasti] // Sapropel and its products [Sapropel i produkty ego pererabotki]. International. scientific.-prod. Conf. Omsk, 2008, pp. 15–17.
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