Tematika Kurzus címe: BENDA C2 English: Academic Writing ...

Tematika

Kurzus ciacuteme

BENDA C2 English Academic Writing and Presentations

Kurzus koacutedja

Teljesiacuteteacutes moacutedja Seminar Presentations 20 and Essays 80

Időpont Tuesdays 1800-2100

Helye

Heti oacuteraszaacutem 2

Kreditek szaacutema 2

Oktatoacute neve Dr Sam Gilchrist Hall

Beosztaacutesa egyetemi adjunktus

A tantaacutergy roumlvid leiacuteraacutesa This course provides you with the essential skills for giving academic presentations and producing research papers while also introducing the skills tasks and expectations of the CPE exam ndashndash the Cambridge Assessmentrsquos highest-level exam During the course you will produce a research paper for publication in your research field You will be expected to give presentations which you MUST record and provide me with a transcript (and corrected transcript) the following week You will be provided with a pack of texts but this doesnrsquot mean you canrsquot or shouldnrsquot read around No more than 2 absences are allowed (and for these I need to be notified ahead) no eating or mobile phones Grade Breakdown 30 Presentation 20 Contribution 50 Research Paper

A feacuteleacutev oacuteraacutei

A kurzus oacuteraacutei

Daacutetum Teacutema

1 20199 10 Introduction and Presentation Sign-Up Discussion of research projects what is it that you want to communicate and how

2 2019917 Asking big questions or what makes an effective abstract Presentation 1 The implied reader ideal reader and actual reader

3 2019924 Structuring your opening paragraph (Gr Cleft Sentences Emphasis with Inversion) Presentation 2 (Homework CPE Writing test)

4 20191001 Choosing the correct register implicit and explicit meaning The hierarchy of ideas (Gr Discourse Markers phrases of argument) (Writing test due) Presentation 3

5 2019108 (Feedback on writing test) Modes of self-presentation in writing and speech (Rhetorical strategies) Presentation 4

6 20191015 Engaging (and enraging) the audience Sentence structure Analysis of famous speeches (Churchill King) Presentation 5

7 2019115 To Powerpoint or not to Powerpoint Effective handouts (Adverbials and Adverbs ndash Advanced features) Presentation 6

8 20191112 Editing your own (and othersrsquo) work Speaking skills in CPE Presentation 7

9 20191119 Listening Skills in CPE Targeted Listening Presentation 8 Reading and Use of English exam

10 20191126 Essay discussion 11 Presentation 9

12 20191210 Course Feedback Essay Feedback

Effective Academic Writing

1) Our generation has learnt the hard way that the only image we shall leave is that of a vanquished generation That will be our legacy to those who follow

ndashndashndashndashWalter Benjamin Thesis xu from On the Philosophy of History 1940

The term Central Europe or Mitteleuropa refers to a geographi cal cultural and historical area united by German culture - that of Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire From the middle of the nineteenth century up to 1933 the culture of the Central European Jewish community blossomed in the most extraordinary way experiencing a Golden Age comparable to that of the Judeo-Arab community in twelfth-century Spain It was the product of a spiritual synthesis unique in its kind which gave the world Heine and Marx Freud and Kafka Ernst Bloch and Walter Benjamin Today this German-Jewish culture seems like a vanished world a continent erased from history an Atlantis engulfed by the ocean along with its palaces temples and monuments It was destroyed by the Nazi tide surviving only in scattered pockets or in exile and its last representa-tives - Marcuse Fromm and Bloch - have now passed away like the final embers of a huge spiritual fire It did however leave its mark on twentieth-century culture in its richest and most innovative accomplishments in the sciences literature and philosophy

This book studies a generation as well as a particular current within the Jewish cultural universe of Milleeuropa a generation of intellectuals born during the last quarter of the nineteenth century whose writings were inspired by both German (romantic) and Jewish (messianic) sources Their thinking was pro foundly organically and inseparably judea-Germanic whether they accepted this syncretism with pride (Gustav Landauer) or with wrenching pain (Franz Kafka) whether they tried to deny their German sources (Gershom Scholem) or their Jewish identity (Georg Lukacs) Their thinking took shape around the Jewish (cabbalistic) idea of Tikkun a polysemic term for redemption (Erloumlsung) restoration reparation reformation and the recovery of lost harmony

2) At first glance the connection between histories commonly considered to be factual accounts about what actually happened and utopias fantastical fictions about what could come to be in a no-place (ουτοπία) seems tenuous at best On closer inspection however they are not without some common ground Utopias are commonly modelled on the ur-fantasy of an ideal state in the distant pastmdasha Golden Age in a paradise where as Kurt Vonnegut put it ldquoeverything was beautiful and nothing hurtrdquo (155)mdashand writing history also involves if not active nostalgia then at the very least an envisaging of a place and time other than the one in which we now find ourselves Furthermore it is surely more than a coincidence that this seemingly paradoxical relationship is clearly identifiable in Exodus whichmdashas memory and a promise history and utopiamdashis a progenitor of both historical and utopian writing recording as it does the Israelitesrsquo flight from Egypt the story of Passover and the revelation of Mosaic Law while promising their eventual inhabitation of ldquoa land flowing with milk and honeyrdquo (KJV Exodus 135) free from foreign oppression and crucially people of other races and faiths

3) Answering to the proponents of multi-paradigm research this paper presents a multiparadigm method paradigm interplay with an example of a study on Turkish mobile professionals living in Sweden and in Hungary In this presentation we touch on fundamental methodological issues (1) what is a research question (2) what is an analysis and (3) what is a contribution We show the imperfection incompleteness and impermanence of metaparadigm analyses and yet the knowledge generation that is accomplished Wabi-sabi is used as a metaphor for the generation of knowledge in multi-paradigm studies and thus utilised here to resist the claims of purity and integration for knowledge generation advanced by opponents to multi-paradigm studies

4) Finally I must confess that all that is included in this book is a ldquominimal programrdquo It is a selection of the practical knowledge about humans that has accumulated over t ime It is also in many ways an experiment It is an experiment in talking in a simple easy to understand and useable way about things that are locked away from an unskil led reader by ideological obfuscation or by the terminology of

modern psychology It is an experiment in call ing forth the conviction that a man is responsible for himself It is also an experiment to discover whether there is even a need for a book l ike this I need answers to these questions before I can set about creating a piece that discusses these matters in a deeper and more detailed way In this context the word lsquocreatersquo is only meant in a humble way It would be better to say lsquocollectrsquo lsquoclarifyrsquo and lsquoadaptrsquo for these are the only functions of the writer

What motivated me to create this work was the conviction that one can and should f ind his or her inner developmental path in the culture in which he or she is l iving One should not diverge to anachronistic and regressive paths or get lost in a murky and obscure worldview that is untouched by the l ight of crit ical intell igence I believe that this short piece wil l be a guide towards mental health and human att i tude along the pathway that Atti la Joacutezsef described in his welcome to Thomas Mann

ldquoAh do but speak and we can take heart then Being men by birthright we must remain men And women women cherished for that reason All of us human though such numbers lessenrdquo

1 What academic field do you think each of these belongs to

2 What is goodbad about each example

3 How could they be improved

4 Are they an abstract a first paragraph or a conclusion How can you tell

5 Format the following references according to APA style

Gilchrist Hall Sam lsquoTrouble in Paradise Misbehavior and Disbelief in The Isle of Pinesrsquo The Anachronist 18 2 (2019) 390ndash404

Loumlwy Michael Redemption and Utopia Jewish Libertarian Thought in Central Europe A Study in Elective Affinity Translated by Hope Heaney (London Verso 2017 [1988])

Popper Peter The Book of Inner Paths Translated by Gaacutebor Suraacutenyi and Joshua A Williams (Budapest Kelemen 2002 [1982])

Primecz Henriett and Romani Laurence lsquoParadigm interplay as Wabi-sabi Organisational Research Method Primeczrsquo SCOSACSCOS Conference Tokyo 17 August 2018

CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH

Writing D2702

lowast

SAMPLE TEST 1

Time 1 hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so

Write your name centre number and candidate number on your answer sheet if they are not already there Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully

Answer the Part 1 question and one question from Part 2

Write your answers on the answer sheet

Write clearly in pen not pencil You may make alterations but make sure your work is easy to read

You must complete the answer sheet within the time limit

At the end of the test hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

Each question in this paper carries equal marks

50024292

copy UCLES 2015 Cambridge English Level 3 Certificate in ESOL International

1

Turn over

Part 1 Read the two texts below Write an essay summarising and evaluating the key points from both texts Use your own words throughout as far as possible and include your own ideas in your answers Write your answer in 240 ndash 280 words 1

The Excitement of Advertising Outdoor advertising has to attract engage and persuade potential customers it

is the most important way of grabbing customersrsquo attention and outdoor media

continue to undergo a transformation At the core of this transformation is the

digital screen media which encompass everything from giant screens to digital

billboards The technology is cheap and advertising agencies rave about the

creative possibilities for advertisements which entertain amuse inform make

the environment brighter and enliven the world we live in

Advertising an undesirable business Once upon a time outdoor advertising was straightforward Posters were stuck up

on anything from a bus shelter to a motorway hoarding Many people considered

this kind of advertising to be fairly dull a harmless blot on the landscape and

chose to ignore it These people now regard digital advertising as a form of

unwanted creeping commercialisation it attracts a buzz simply because it is new

They feel that any advertising which targets children or vulnerable adults is a

dubious practice at the best of times and digital advertising is moreover wasteful

damaging to the environment and completely unnecessary

Write your essay

2

Question 1 Please write within the grey lines

3

Turn over

Part 2 Write an answer to one of the questions 2 ndash 5 in this part Write your answer in 280 ndash 320 words in an appropriate style on pages 7 and 8 Put the question number in the box at the top of page 7 2

A travel magazine has asked readers to send in articles on their favourite public building a town hall or a museum for example You decide to write an article in which you describe your favourite public building explain why it is your favourite building and assess its significance for the wider community

Write your article 3

You belong to an English-language reading group which recently read a book in cartoon format You have agreed to write a review of the book for the grouprsquos website In your review you should give your opinion of the cartoon format used for the book and say whether you think cartoons are a good way of telling a story in general

Write your review 4

A popular English-language magazine has invited readers to send in letters sharing their recent experience of making an important decision You decide to send in a letter in which you briefly describe the situation and explain the reasons why you took an important decision and assess what the consequences of that decision might be in the future

Write your letter You do not need to write any postal addresses 5 Write an answer to one of the following two questions based on one of the titles below

Write 5(a) or 5(b) at the beginning of your answer (a)

Tracy Chevalier Girl With A Pearl Earring

A literary magazine has asked readers to send in articles on lsquoCreating Atmosphere in Novelsrsquo You decide to write an article on Girl With A Pearl Earring in which you describe the atmosphere of secrecy and fear which Griet experienced in the Vermeer household You should also explain how Grietrsquos relationships with two or three of the following characters added to her feelings of anxiety Cornelia Catharina Maria Thins and van Ruijven

Write your article (b)

Tobias Hill The Cryptographer

You belong to a book club which has asked its members to write reports on the theme of trust in a novel of their choice You decide to write a report recommending The Cryptographer describing the part trust plays in the development of the story and assessing how important trust is to at least two characters in the novel

Write your report

4

Question Please write within the grey lines

Reading and Use of English

lowastlowast CEPSSU Sample Test 1

Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so Write your name centre number and candidate number on your answer sheets if they are not already there Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully

Answer all the questions Read the instructions on the answer sheets Write your answers on the answer sheets Use a pencil You must complete the answer sheets within the time limit

At the end of the test hand in both this question paper and your answer sheets

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES There are 53 questions in this paper

Questions 1 ndash 24 carry one mark Questions 25 ndash 30 carry up to two marks Questions 31 ndash 43 carry two marks

Questions 44 ndash 53 carry one mark

50024292

2

Part 1

For questions 1 ndash 8 read the text below and decide which answer (A B C or D) best fits each gap Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet

There is an example at the beginning (0)

0 A descriptive B imaginary C fabled D legendary

0 A B C D

ADVENTURE TRAVEL

Wilfred Thesinger the (0) D explorer once said lsquoWe live our lives second-handrsquo Sadly his words

are true for far too many of us as we (1) helliphellip in front of the television (2) helliphellip in lsquorealityrsquo

television living our adventures through the words and pictures of others But it does not have to be

that way ndash there are more opportunities than ever for taking a break from our increasingly sanitised

lives and exploring not only some exotic (3) helliphellip of the globe but also our own abilities and

ambitions The kind of first-hand experience whose loss Thesinger laments is still available for anyone

willing to forsake the beaten (4) helliphellip and put their mind to (5) helliphellip into the less explored

regions of this (6) helliphellip planet

The (7) helliphellip in travel in recent years has been towards what is known as adventure travel But

adventure doesnrsquot have to involve physical exertion be it haggling over a souvenir in Peru or getting

lost in the labyrinthine passages of a Moroccan souk it all (8) helliphellip

3

Turn over

1 A droop B slump C sag D plunge

2 A captivated B gripped C engrossed D riveted

3 A corner B edge C angle D pocket

4 A path B road C track D course

5 A turning out B taking off C making out D dropping off

6 A wide B diverse C mixed D different

7 A trend B direction C custom D inclination

8 A fits B belongs C counts D holds

4

Part 2

For questions 9 ndash 16 read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space Use only one word in each space There is an example at the beginning (0) Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet

Example 0 I F

MOBILE COMMUNICATION

For many people mobile email is a habit they couldnrsquot give up even (0) IF they wanted to And

(9) helliphellip should they want to (10) helliphellip all the ability to send and receive emails from a mobile

device means they can stay in touch with colleagues friends and family whether theyrsquore standing in a

queue at the supermarket downing a quick cup of coffee in (11) helliphellip meetings or killing

(12) helliphellip before a flight

Itrsquos fair to say that access to email while (13) helliphellip the move has done much to whet appetites for

other kinds of collaborative tools Whatrsquos (14) helliphellip therersquos a whole new way of working that has

opened up in recent years and (15) helliphellip a result therersquos a general expectation that efficiency and

productivity donrsquot necessarily take (16) helliphellip within the four walls of an organisationrsquos physical

offices

5

Turn over

Part 3

For questions 17 ndash 24 read the text below Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0) Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet

Example 0 E F F E C T I V E

_________________________________________________________________________________

POWER NAPS

Power napping is an (0) EFFECTIVE strategy It involves taking an intense EFFECT

sleep which dramatically improves (17) helliphelliphellip making it especially useful fo

r

those with a demanding schedule such as mothers of babies or travelling

business (18) helliphelliphellip However the conditions must be right and practice is

required to (19) helliphelliphellip the effects

To prevent (20) helliphelliphellip on awakening power naps should last about 25

minutes Falling asleep so quickly takes practice but is in fact a habit which is

(21) helliphelliphellip easy to acquire Initially it is more important to relax for a while

than actually fall asleep and power-napping is not a good idea if you find it

difficult to wake up at the (22) helliphelliphellip time

Finally power-napping should not be confused with the kind of dozing that can

(23) helliphelliphellip a sensation of overwhelming sleepiness during the day which

simply represents the (24) helliphelliphellip experienced in the attempt to compensate

for a poor sleep routine

ALERT

EXECUTE

MAXIMUM

ORIENTATE

COMPARE

DESIGN

COMPANY

DESPAIR

6

Part 4

For questions 25 ndash 30 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between three and eight words including the word given Here is an example (0) Example 0 Do you mind if I watch you while you paint objection Do you helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip you while you paint

0 have any objection to my watching Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet ________________________________________________________________________________

25 Itrsquos impossible to predict how long it will take to do this job telling There is helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip will take 26 Not many people buy that particular product these days demand There helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip that particular product these days 27 For me his skill as a negotiator was most impressive how I was most helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip negotiator he was 28 Nobody expected Natalia to resign came Nataliarsquos helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip everyone

7

Turn over

29 The area was completely devoid of vegetation whatsoever There helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip the area 30 When he was at his most successful the President had enormous influence height At helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip the President had enormous influence

8

Part 5

You are going to read an extract from a novel For questions 31 ndash 36 choose the answer (A B C or D) which you think fits best according to the text Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet

Lucy gets a new job on a newspaper

It was a precarious period for her where her own fortunes were concerned She had to rely on freelance work for six months after the quality weekly magazine folded The regular salary cheque had always seemed derisively small but now it was like lost riches Doggedly she wrote letters and telephoned and peppered editors with unsolicited articles and suggestions Sometimes she struck lucky and got a commission She wrote a profile of a woman politician who appreciated her fair-minded approach and tipped her off about a local government row in a complacent cathedral town Lucy went there investigated talked to people and wrote a piece exposing a rich cauldron of corruption which was snapped up by a national daily newspaper This in turn led to a commission to investigate the controversial siting of a theme park in the north of England Her article was noticed by the features editor in search of something sharp and bracing on the heritage industry in general She was getting a name for abrasive comment for spotting an issue and homing in upon it Anxiously she scoured the press for hints of impending issues In this trade she saw you needed not so much to be abreast of things as ahead of them lying in wait for circumstance ready to pounce

But an article sold every week or two did not pay the bills She began to contemplate bleakly a return to the treadmill of proofreading and copy-editing And then one day she walked into the offices of the national daily which had taken her cauldron of corruption piece and whose features editor had since looked kindly upon her Having handed over a speculative piece on the latest educational theories shersquod written she fell into conversation with an acquaintance and learned that one of the paperrsquos regular columnists had fallen foul of the editor and departed in a cloud of dust The column traditionally addressed to matters of the moment and written so as to provoke attention and controversy was untethered so to speak Lucy made the necessary phone call before her nerve went

She was asked to submit a piece as a trial run which they published lsquoGreatrsquo they said lsquoWersquoll let you knowrsquo they said lsquoSoonrsquo they assured her lsquoreally very soonrsquo She chewed her nails for a fortnight a seasoned hack was given a trial run after her she read his contribution which she saw with absolute clarity was succinct incisive and original Or just possibly anodyne banal and plodding

And then the phone call came Shersquod have a weekly column with her own by-line and her photograph postage-stamp size next to it Therersquod be a salary cheque and perhaps fame and success to follow that Thinking more pragmatically she realised that the job presented her with not only a wonderful opportunity but also the inevitable pressure of keeping up with the twists and turns of events to which she must supply a perceptive commentary

lsquoA startrsquo she said to her mother Maureen and Bruce her step-father lsquoItrsquos a start anyway but they could fire me at any momentrsquo

lsquoJust let them tryrsquo said Maureen belligerently lsquoI think yoursquore better with your hair a bit shorter Or maybe thatrsquos not a very flattering picture I think yoursquore very clever You did some lovely essays at school I wonder if Irsquove still got any of them somewherersquo

Later when she was alone Lucy thought that her appointment had probably been a piece of good fortune She refused to allow the word luck She was young yet and this was something of a plum She must have got the job on her merits she told herself along with whatever assistance there may have been from the inadequacies of others considered for the appointment or the failure of further rivals to apply What she was never to know was that in fact the editor had been on the verge of offering the column to the seasoned hack ndash had been about to pick up the phone ndash when the colleague he most disliked had walked into his office and spoken with satisfaction of the prospect of closer association with this old crony of his The editor listened with some indignation first at the assumption that this would be his decision and then at the notion of these two ganging up under his nose As soon as the colleague was out of the room he reached for the phone And rang Lucy

And so it began that time during which she was so feverishly hitched to the affairs of public life that in retrospect it was to seem as though she hurtled from day to day with the onward rush of the news denied any of the lethargy of individual existence

9

Turn over

31 After losing her job how did Lucy feel about the salary she used to earn

A She had been foolish to give it up B It had given her a sense of security C She should have appreciated it more D It represented a fair return for her work

32 Lucy thinks the secret of success as a freelance journalist is to

A keep yourself informed about current affairs B adopt a controversial style of writing C identify future newsworthy situations D make as many contacts as possible

33 What made Lucy decide to apply for a job on the national daily

A She had a friend who worked there B She had impressed the features editor C She had gained a reputation for effective reporting D She had discovered some information about a vacancy

34 It is suggested that Lucyrsquos mother Maureen

A is forgetful and absent-minded B understands little about Lucyrsquos job C has good critical judgement about writing D expects Lucy will have trouble with the editor

35 On reflection how did Lucy account for the fact that she got the job

A She hoped it was because she deserved it B She was unable to understand how it happened C She thought her age had given her an advantage D She knew she was better than the many applicants

36 The impression given of the editor is that he is

A anxious to please his colleagues B unable to make up his mind C prone to act on impulse D quick to take offence

10

Part 6

You are going to read an extract from an article Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract Choose from the paragraphs A ndash H the one which fits each gap (37 ndash 43) There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet

The fog catcherrsquos forest A bare dusty island where the rain never falls could soon be covered with trees Fred Pearce reports

When Spanish sailors landed in the Canary Islands in the 15th century they were amazed to discover an aboriginal population with extensive agriculture which they had somehow managed to sustain with virtually no rainfall Legend has it that the Guanche people derived all their water from a single large tree which stripped moisture out of passing fogs and dripped enough water from its leaves to support a thousand people However true the story may be there is no doubt that the only thing stopping the Canaries from resembling the Sahara desert just 70 kilometres to the east is the moisture-rich fog that drifts in from the Atlantic Ocean

37

Sometime in the last century the last of the trees on high ground were cut down and the land began to dry out This meant that across much of the north of the island agriculture went into decline Now David Riebold a forestry scientist-turned-schoolteacher who owns a home on the island has a plan to reverse the trend He wants to use artificial fog harvesting to bring back the cloud forest in what promises to be the largest reforestation project ever attempted using the technology

38

For years Riebold watched these failed efforts by local foresters Then he read about a successful research project in Chile which harvested the fogs that regularly rolled in from the Atacama desert Nets erected on a ridge facing the ocean provided enough water for a small town Realising that Lanzarotersquos climate was very similar to Chilersquos Riebold began to wonder whether fog harvesting could be used to keep the saplings alive

39

On paper fog harvesting looked like a solution to the islandrsquos reforestation problems but convincing the authorities to give it a try wasnrsquot easy For many years Riebold tried and failed to convince anyone to back his idea It took the arrival of a new mayor to finally get his scheme approved lsquoProyecto Davidrsquo as the locals call it got under way and the town

authorities erected eight modest fog-collecting devices on three of Lanzarotersquos mountains

40

This summer having declared the initial experiment a success the island council plans to install eight much larger devices which will discharge water into a pumped drip irrigation network designed to keep the saplings watered Riebold hopes that this will form the pilot phase of a full-scale reforestation of the mountains of northern Lanzarote

41

If the initial results scale up a new cloud forest could restore the island to its former glory The Lanzarote government has targeted an area of about 20 square kilometres in the north of the island though Riebold believes that the potential area for reforestation using fog collectors could stretch to 50 square kilometres

42

But the knock-on effects of reviving the forests go beyond restoring the wildlife Eventually the forests should capture enough moisture to help recharge the arearsquos underground aquifers many of which have remained empty since the forests disappeared If this happens wells down in the valleys could also refill reducing the islandrsquos growing dependence on desalination especially during the summer tourist season

43

Whether or not fog harvesting will prompt a large-scale return to agriculture on the island remains to be seen but the lessons learned from harvesting fog on the islandrsquos hilltops may be adapted for people living not far away and with a greater need to see their landscape green and watered If Lanzarote can catch moisture from the air and convert it to forests and farmland then perhaps its famine-prone neighbours in West Africa could do the same

11

Turn over

A This more ambitious scheme could be managed in one of two ways he says Either the hilltops could be covered with nets to grow new forests all at the same time or this could be done in stages with a smaller number of nets being moved around to reforest each area in turn After perhaps two years of water from the fog collectors saplings would be tall enough to collect the fog water themselves

B The results look promising A litre a day should be enough to support one seedling and Riebold has found that on some sites a square metre of net catches an average of two litres of water each day One site averaged five litres a day even at the hottest time of year

C Centuries ago the islandrsquos inhabitants carved tunnels up the mountainside and into underground aquifers These drained into collecting areas lower down Once the islandrsquos main source of water they could be brought back to life by reinstating the cloud forest

D In times gone by all seven of the islands had rich cloud forests that trapped moisture from the trade winds and quenched an otherwise dry region More recently though much of the islandsrsquo forest has been lost ndash removed for firewood construction and to make way for farmland Most of the islands still have some degree of forest cover but one Lanzarote is all but bare

E Marciano Acuna the local town councillor in charge of the environment says he hopes the trees will trigger a more widespread greening of northern Lanzarote and have an impact on the whole ecology of the region Once the trees are back the quality of the soil will improve and a long-lost forest ecosystem will have a chance to return providing habitat for species long since confined to other islands in the Canaries

F Even in the hottest months clouds form over the mountains of northern Lanzarote As the trade winds blow over the island the mountains force moisture-rich vapour into droplets The surface of the mountain is too hot for this to happen at ground level so the fog rarely touches the ground lsquoThatrsquos why the saplings diedrsquo says Riebold lsquoThey never got tall enough to touch the fog and capture the moisture on their leavesrsquo

G Farmers would certainly benefit as water in Lanzarote has become very expensive and there are tight restrictions on the irrigation of farmland This has made agriculture increasingly difficult and combined with the rise of tourism as a source of revenue has turned it into a weekend occupation at best for many residents

H The bare hills in this region have been of increasing concern to the islandrsquos authorities Despite numerous attempts in the past decade all replanting schemes have so far been unsuccessful With limited water supplies on the island the newly planted trees dried out and died leaving the hilltops littered with hundreds of dead saplings

12

Part 7

You are going to read an extract from a book on photography For questions 44 ndash 53 choose from the sections (A ndash E) The sections may be chosen more than once

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet

In which section are the following mentioned

the possibility that photography can directly influence events in the world 44 helliphellip

the possibility that the photographic image has become redundant 45 helliphellip

images being interpreted in a similar way by different societies 46 helliphellip

a commonly held view about the relationship between what is visible and how it is interpreted

47 helliphellip

the contrasts of scale that can be represented in photography 48 helliphellip

the possibility that the techniques employed in photography today have taken the medium back to where it started

49 helliphellip

the ability of photography to provide images that will exist for a long time 50 helliphellip

uncertainty as to whether the main purpose of photography is to inform or to entertain

51 helliphellip

the potential of photography to epitomise the human condition 52 helliphellip

the view that photography was the greatest achievement in the history of visual images

53 helliphellip

13

Photography A historical background

A Over the past one and a half centuries photography has been used to record all aspects of human life and activity During this relatively short history the medium has expanded its capabilities in the recording of time and space thus allowing human vision to be able to view the fleeting moment or to visualise both the vast and the minuscule It has brought us images from remote areas of the world distant parts of the solar system as well as the social complexities and crises of modern life Indeed the photographic medium has provided one of the most important and influential means of capturing the essence of our being alive Nonetheless the recording of events by means of the visual image has a much longer history The earliest creations of pictorial recording go as far back as the Upper Palaeolithic period of about 35000 years ago and although we cannot be sure of the exact purposes of the early cave paintings pictorial images seem to be inextricably linked to human culture as we understand it

BThroughout the history of visual representation questions have been raised concerning the supposed accuracy (or otherwise) of visual images as well as their status in society Ideas and debates concerning how we see the world and the status of its pictorial representations have been central political philosophical and psychological issues from the time of Ancient Greece to the present-day technical revolution of the new media communications Vision and representation have pursued interdependent trajectories counter-influencing each other throughout history The popular notion that lsquoseeing is believingrsquo had always afforded special status to the visual image So when the technology was invented in the form of photography the social and cultural impact was immense Not only did it hold out the promise of providing a record of vision but it had the capacity to make such representation enduring

C In the mid-nineteenth century the invention of photography appeared to offer the promise of lsquoautomaticallyrsquo providing an accurate visual record It was seen not only as the culmination of visual representation but quite simply the camera was

regarded as a machine that could provide a fixed image And this image was considered to be a very close approximation to that which we actually see Because of the camerarsquos perceived realism in its ability to replicate visual perception it was assumed that all peoples would lsquonaturallyrsquo be able to understand photographs This gave rise to the question of whether photography constituted a lsquouniversal languagersquo For example a photograph of the heavens whether it showed the sun and moon or the constellations would immediately be understood in any part of the world In the face of the rapid increase in global communications we do need at least to ask to what extent the photographic image can penetrate through cultural differences in understanding

D There are other questions that arise concerning the role of photography in society that have aimed to determine whether the camera operates as a mute passive recorder of what is happening or whether it possesses the voice and power to instigate social change We may further speculate whether the camera provides images that have a truly educational function or if it operates primarily as a source of amusement In provoking such issues the photographic debate reflects polarised arguments that traditionally have characterised much intellectual thought

E The last 170 years have witnessed an ever-increasing influence of the visual image culminating in the global primacy of television For photography the new prospects and uncertainties posed by digital storage and manipulation and the transmission of images via the internet present new challenges It has even been suggested that we now inhabit the lsquopost-photographic erarsquo ndash where technological and cultural change have devalued photography to such an extent that events have taken us beyond the photographrsquos use and value as a medium of communication Furthermore perhaps we should be asking if the advent of digital imagery means that photography initially born from painting has turned full circle and has now returned to emulating painting ndash its progenitor

14

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15

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16

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Listening D2703

SAMPLE TEST 1 Time Approximately 40 minutes (including 5 minutesrsquo transfer time)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so Write your name centre number and candidate number on your answer sheet if they are

not already there Listen to the instructions for each part of the paper carefully

Answer all the questions While you are listening write your answers on the question paper You will have 5 minutes at the end of the test to copy your answers onto the separate answer

sheet Use a pencil At the end of the test hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet

There are four parts to the test Each question carries one mark You will hear each piece twice

For each part of the test there will be time for you to look through the questions and time for you to check your answers

50024292 copy UCLES 2015 Cambridge English Level 3 Certificate in ESOL International

1

Part 1

You will hear three different extracts For questions 1 ndash 6 choose the answer (A B or C) which fits best according to what you hear There are two questions for each extract

Extract One

You hear a man talking about a new project being launched in a group of small Atlantic islands 1 What is the main objective of the project

A to raise environmental awareness B to encourage tourism in the islands C to follow the movements of tides 2 What is the speakerrsquos opinion of the new project

A The idea is over-ambitious B The approach is innovative C The experiment is unscientific Extract Two

You hear part of an interview with an art critic in which an exhibition featuring the latest work of photographer Tim Fitzgerald is discussed 3 What is the art criticrsquos opinion of Fitzgeraldrsquos latest work

A It demonstrates his lack of artistic range B It compares favourably with his previous work C It shows his poor understanding of relationships

4 The art critic says that Fitzgeraldrsquos pictures in the current show

A are unsuitable for rounding off the exhibition B do not manage to engage the visitorrsquos interest C lack artistic originality

2

Turn over

Extract Three

You hear a woman talking on the radio about her favourite piece of music 5 How does the speaker say she feels when listening to her favourite piece of music

A engrossed B nostalgic C inspired 6 The speaker believes that critics of her favourite music are wrong to

A doubt the level of its popularity B disregard the composerrsquos skills C underrate it for its wide appeal

3

Part 2

You will hear a nutritionist talking about the production and uses of mastic a spice that is found in the Mediterranean area For questions 7 ndash 15 complete the sentences with a word or short phrase _________________________________________________________________________________

Mastic is collected from a tree which looks like a smaller form of the 7 tree

Mastic resin will 8 only in the region around the Mediterranean

Basic tools like 9 are employed to remove impurities from the mastic

Crystals of mastic have been referred to as 10 in literature

The sale of mastic crystals is handled by a 11 to ensure that the growers get a fair deal

It is thought that mastic was first used as 12 by ancient peoples

When mastic is added to 13 it slows down the melting process

Flavoured drinks are made in 14 which have had mastic burned under them

Some people believe that mastic can help in the treatment of health problems especially some

15 conditions

4

Part 3

You will hear a discussion in which two marine biologists Gina Kelso and Thomas Lundman talk about an award-winning television film they made about wildlife in Antarctica For questions 16 ndash 20 choose the answer (A B C or D) which fits best according to what you hear ________________________________________________________________________________

16 Ginarsquos interest in marine biology dates from

A her earliest recollections of life in Africa

B one memorable experience in childhood

C the years she spent studying in England

D a postgraduate research project she led

17 The first wildlife TV series they both worked on

A made use of a previously untried format

B was not filmed in a natural environment

C was not intended to be taken too seriously

D required them to do background research

18 How did Thomas feel when he was asked to produce the programmes about Antarctica

A disappointed not to be presenting the series

B surprised that people thought he was suitable

C uncertain how well he would get on with the team

D worried about having to spend the winter there

19 When they were in Antarctica they would have appreciated

A a less demanding work schedule

B more time to study certain animals

C a close friend to share their feelings with

D a chance to share their work with colleagues

20 What was most impressive about the whales they filmed

A the unusual sounds the whales made

B the number of whales feeding in a small bay

C how long the whales stayed feeding in one area

D how well the whales co-operated with each other

Turn over

5 Part 4

You will hear five short extracts in which different people are talking about taking a gap year ndash the time which some young people take off from their studies to gain other experience TASK ONE

For questions 21 ndash 25 choose from the list (A ndash H) what each speaker did during their gap year

TASK TWO

For questions 26 ndash 30 choose from the list (A ndash H) which benefit of having a gap year each speaker mentions

You will hear the recording twice While you listen you must complete both tasks

A taught a language

B travelled widely

C worked in an office

D did voluntary work

E taught a sport

F worked in a hotel

G worked as a tour guide

H went on an organised expedition

Speaker 1 21

Speaker 2 22

Speaker 3 23

Speaker 4 24

Speaker 5 25

A making long-lasting friendships

B overcoming financial problems

C increased independence

D improved linguistic skills

E dealing with disappointment

F a renewed sense of adventure

G a more mature approach to studying

H a chance to consider future plans

Speaker 1 26

Speaker 2 27

Speaker 3 28

Speaker 4 29

Speaker 5 30

1

TV d

ocum

enta

ry ndash

Wor

king

in th

e fo

od in

dust

ry

B

A

DC

I HAVE A DREAM

Speooh by the Rev MARTIN LuTHER KING

At the March on vYashington

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatesbullt demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation

Five ~core years ago a great American in whose symshyholic shadomiddotw we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation This momentous cleeree is a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slavemiddots who had been ~earrd in the flames o[ withering injushcc It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity But 100 years lateltr the Negro still is nobullt fremiddote One hunshydred years later the 1ife of the Negro is still badly erippled by the manacles of s-tbullgrPg-ation and the chains of discriminatio11 One hnndred years later the Negro livemiddots on a loneJy i]and of poverty in the mids1t of a va1S1t ooean of matEgtrial prospcmiddotrity Outgt hundred years later the ~egro is still larugui~hed iu the comer~s of Amemiddotrican ~oci ety and find himself in exile in his own land So wo lt come hfrP torlay to r1ramatize a shameful condition

In a sense weve come to our nations capital to cash a eheck Whrn the a reb it ects of our Republie wrote the magnificent wonls of the Constitution and the Declaration o1 Independence they wemiddotre signingmiddot a promissClltry note to which evemiddotry American wa to fall heir Ihis note was a promise that all nwn-yc blaek men as we11 as white rmm-wonld he g1mnmtPtd the unalienable rights of life liherty a]l(l the pnrsni1 of happineSs It is obvious today that Amcri(middota lms ltlcfaulted on this promissory note insoshyfar as hPgtr citi7ens of coJor arr concPrned Instead of

2

honoring ih1s sacnd ohligation America has given the Nngro p0ople a bad check a check which has come back marked insufficient fn nds

But we refuse to helieve that the bank of justice is bankrupt We rpfnse to beliemiddot~~ that there are insufficient fuwls in the great vaults of opportunity orf this nation So weve come to cash this check a check that will give ns upon oemand the rirhes of freedom and the smiddotecurity of justice

Ve haYe abo come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fipJmiddotce urgency of now lhi- is no time to lllgagc in the luxury of cooling off or to take the transhyquilizing dmg of gradualim Now is the time to make real the promi~rmiddots of democracy Now is the time to rise from the dark nnll clrsolate valley of segregation to the unlit path of racial justiltmiddotP Now is the time to lift our uation from the quicksands of raeial injustice to the solid r()ek of brotherhood

Xow is the time to mak0 justice a reality for all of Gods children It would be fatal for the nation to overshylook the urgency of the moment This sweltering summer of the iegros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality -1963 is not an (md but a beginning Thogtse who hope that tl1e X egro needed to hlow off steam and will now be lOlltent will hamiddote a ruoP awakening if the nation return11 to buine~ as usuaI

lhere will be 11eithtT rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro i~ granted his citizenship rights The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundashytions of onr nation until the bright days of justice emerge

(Copyright 101i3 MARTI-lt LtTHFR KIKc JR)

3

And that is something that I must say to my pBople who ~tand on the worn threshold whieh leads into the palace of justice In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not he guilty of wrongful deeds Let us not eek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of biMemiddotnlemiddotss and hatred

Ve must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and diseiplin e Ye must not allow our creashytive protests to degen emiddotrate into physical violence Again and again we must ri se to the majestic heights of meding physical force with soul for-ce rlhe marvelous new milishytancy whi-ch has cngulfEgtd the Negro community must not lead us to distrust all white people for many o[ our white hrotlwrs as evidcnccbullJ by themiddotir presence here today have eome to realize that their destiny is tied up with our de~tiny

They have come to realize that their freedom is inshyexttmiddotieably hound to o~1r freroom e cannot walk alone And as we walk we must make the pledge t~hat we shall always march ahcarl We cannot turn hack There are those who are asking the rlevoteemiddots of civil rights When will you be satisfied 1 Ve can never be satisfied as lltmg ns the Negro i~ the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality

e can never be satisfied as long as our bodies heavy with the fatigue of travel cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities

Ve cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a Larger one We ltmiddotan never be satisfieltl as long as our children are stripped of their adulthood and robbed of their dignity by s1gns ~tating For TJ1ites Only

4

We oannot be satisfied 3lS long as the Negro in Misshysissippi cannot vote and the Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote

No no we are not satisfied and we will nOit be satisshyfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a migmiddothty stream

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulation Some of you have eome fresh from narrow jail ltells S ome of you have oome from are-as where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by 1hf winds of police brutality You have been the veterans of erea tive suffering

Continue to work with the faith that un-earned suffering is redemptive Go hack to Mississippi go back to Alashyharna go back to South Carolina go back to Georgia go hack to Louisiana go back to the slums and ghettos of our orthern citiemiddots knowing that somehow this situation oan and will be changed Let us not wallow in the valley ot despaimiddotr middot

I say to you today my friends though even though we face the difficult~es of today and tomorrow I still have a dream It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dleam I have a dream that one day this 11ation will rise up live out the hmiddotue meaning of its creed e hold the~e truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Geomiddotrgia son~ of former slan s and tlw -ons of form lr ~lave-owners will be able to sit dovn together at the table of brothershyhood I have a dream that one day even the state of Jli~sissippi a state sweltering with the h eat of inJustice

(Copyright 19ol MARTI1 LuTHER KING JR)

5

liweltering with the heat of oppression will be transshyormed into an oasis of fremiddotedom and justice

I have a dream that my four little chi1dreIl will one day live in a nation Vhere they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the contemiddotnt of their charaterl I have a dream I have a dream that one day in AJabama with its vicious racists with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right tl~e-re in Alabama little black boys and black gmiddotids will he abl e to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters anrl brothers

I have a dremiddotam today I have a dream that one day every vaUey shall be exalted emiddote-~middoty hill and mountain ohall be made lov- lhe rough places will be made plain aad the crooked IJlaces will be made straight And the ~lory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together This is onr hope This is the faith that I go back to thC South with With this faith we will be ahh~ to hew out of the mountain of demiddotspair a stone of hope With this faith we middotill he ahle to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony ltf brotherhood With this faith we will be able to work togother to pray together to struggle together to go to jail togethN to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will he fnbulle one day

This will IH the clay when all of Gods children will be nble to sing with new meaning My country tis of thee ~weot land of libtgtlty of thee I ~ing Land where my fathers died land of thlt pilgrim s pride from every mountain side let fr eedom ring And if America is to he a great nation this mn t become true So let freedom ring from tlH prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New

6

York Let freooom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania Let freedom ring from thB snowcapped Rookies of Colorado Let freedom ring from the curvashyeeous slopes of California

But not only that Let freedom ring from Stone Mounshytain of Georgia Let freedom ring from Lookout Mounshytain of Tennessee Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of M~ssissippi from every mountain side Let freedom ring

When we allow freedom to ring-when we let it ring from every city and eYery hamlet from every state and every city we will be able to speed up that day when all (If Gods children black men and white men Jews and G(gtntiles ProtBstants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the wordmiddots of the old Negro spiritual FIee at last Free at last Great God a-mighty Ve are free at last

Turning once again and this time more generally to the question of invasion I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee against invasion still less against serious raids could have been given to our people In the days of Napoleon of which I was speaking just now the same wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading fleet There was always the chance and it is that chance which has excited and befooled the imaginations of many Continental tyrants Many are the tales that are told We are assured that novel methods will be adopted and when we see the originality of malice the ingenuity of aggression which our enemy displays we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem and every kind of brutal and treacherous manœuvre I think that no idea is so outlandish that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching but at the same time I hope with a steady eye We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exercised I have myself full confidence that if all do their duty if nothing is neglected and if the best arrangements are made as they are being made we shall prove ourselves once more able to defend our island home to ride out the storm of war and to outlive the menace of tyranny if necessary for years if necessary alone At any rate that is what we are going to try to do That is the resolve of His Majestys Government ndash every man of them That is the will of Parliament and the nation The British Empire and the French Republic linked together in their cause and in their need will defend to the death their native soil aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule we shall not flag or fail We shall go on to the end We shall fight in France we shall fight on the seas and oceans we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air we shall defend our island whatever the cost may be We shall fight on the beaches we shall fight on the landing grounds we shall fight in the fields and in the streets we shall fight in the hills we shall never surrender and if which I do not for a moment believe this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving then our Empire beyond the seas armed and guarded by the British Fleet would carry on the struggle until in Gods good time the New World with all its power and might steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old

ndashndashndashChurchill

CPE Writing Live QP
Proficiency 2013 Writing Paper

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