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Oa&myESifh w&kwf &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHol tkyfpkrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiH. ppfwyfòrd hawmf twGuf v#yfppf "mwftm;ay;&ef qnf}uD;wckudk aqmufvkyfv#uf&Sdaeum Tqnfa=umifh TESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif Xmaewdkif;&if;om;wdk@ trsm;qHk; yg0ifaom vlOD;a& (8˜000)onf tdk;tdrftajcysuf a&$@ajymif;xGufajy;=u&awmhrnf jzpfygonf? twif;t"rR ae&ma&$@ajymif;apr_a=umifh aus;&Gmvlxkrsm; twd'kuQa&muf=u&ygrnf? tdrfaxmifpkwdkif;onf avsmfa=u;tjzpf tar&duef a':vm 50 r#om&&Sdv#uf rdrdwdk@.aetdrfrsm;udkzsufum rdrdwdk@.v,f,majr rsm;udk pGef@cGmvufv$wf=u&rnf jzpfonf? qnfpDrHudef;vkyfief;. vkHðcHa&;twGuf ppfwyfrsm;udkwdk;I ae&mtESH@csxm;cJhum/ e,fajrvlxktay: vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;vnf; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmcJhonf? qnfaqmufvkyfae=uaom tvkyform;rsm;rSmrl a':vm 30 ESifhnDr#aom vpmtwGuf ae@a&mnyg yifyef;w}uD; tvkyfvkyfudkifae=u&onf?

qnfaqmufvkyfolwdk@u qnfaqmufvkyfjcif;. tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk wdkif;jynfzGH@òzd;wdk;wufr_}uD;w&yftjzpf toHaumif;[pfavh&Sdonf? jrefrmEdkifiHY ae@pOfvdkvdkyif tpdk;&ydkif owif;rD'D,mu qnfpDrHudef;trsKd;rsKd;wdk;wufjzpfay:aejcif;udk atmifjrifr_oauFwwcktjzpf ºuGm;vHk;xkwfaeacsonf? odk@&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiH. qnfaqmufvkyfa&; vkyfief;rsm;a=umifh ppfwyfrsm;ae&m tESH@ csxm;r_rsm; wdk;IjzpfyGm;vmonfhtjyif vlrsKd;a&; yÉdyuQudkvnf; ydkI qdk;&Gm;jyif;xefapygonf? xdk@tjyif Tqnfaqmufvkyfr_rsm;onf twif;t"rR ae&m a&$@ajymif;apjcif;/ twif;t"rRvkyftm;apcdkif;jcif;wdk@ESifhvnf; qufpyf jzpfay: aeonf? aygif;avmif;jrpfnm qnf wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;onfvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif;yif jzpfonf? ar;p&m&Sdaom ar;cGef;rSm &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHolrsm;u TpDrHudef;vkyfief;a=umifh qdk;usKd;&dkufcwfoufa&mufr_rsm;tay: wm0ef,lrnfavm [lIyif jzpfygonf?

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(61) pwk&ef; uDvdkrDwmus,faom a&avSmifuef}uD;. a&zHk;v$rf;jcif;cH&rnfh Tppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;onf aus;&Gmaygif; (23) &Gm/ odk@r[kwf u,ef;/ ytdk@0fESifh jrefrmvlrsKd;wdk@ t"dutm;jzifh yg0ifaom vlOD;a& (8˜000) wdk@. tajccsaexdkif&m jzpfygonf? (2004) ckE Sp fwGif pwifch J +y D; / (2009) ckE Sp fwGif t+yD;owf&ef &nf&G,fxm;cJhaom TpDrHudef;vkyfief;onf ,cktcg Y 60μ r#om +yD;pD;ao;onf? (2012) ckESpfwGif +yD;pD;rnf[k ar#mfvifh&ygonf?

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at/ tufzfudkvifudk (AF-Colenco) qGpfZmvefEdkifiH. aqmufvkyfa&; ukrR%Dwckjzpfaom at/ tufzf-udkvifudk vDrdwuf (AF-Colenco Ltd.) tm; (2004) ckESpfwGif vkyfief;vkyf&ef jzpfEd kifajc avhvmr_twGufvnf;aumif;/ (2006) ckESpfwGif qnf 'DZdkif;yHkpH twGufvnf;aumif;/ (2008) ckESpfwGif aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief; 'DZdkif;yHkpHxkwf&ef twGufvnf;aumif; uefx&dkuf ay;cJ honf? ukrR%D. vufurf;pmapmift&qdkv#if at/ tufzf-udkvifudkrS u|rf;usifolynm&Sifrsm;u jynfwGif; uefx&dkuf vkyfief;&Sifrsm;udk t=uHay;+yD;/ qnfaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;udk }uD;=uyfoGm;rnf jzpfonf?

r,fvfuGrf 'wfpwefESifh vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm; (Malcolm Dunstan and Associates) vef'eftajcpdkuf Malcolm Dunstan & Associates onf tm;jznfh uGefu&pfqnfrsm; (Roller Compacted Concrete or RCC dams) . 'DZdkif;yHkpHa&;qGJjcif;ESifh aqmufvkyfjcif;wGif txl;ðyaom aqmufvkyfa&; ukr`%Dwck jzpfonf? jrefrmEdkifiH. &J&GmESifh wmqef;qnf aqmufvkyfa&;wdk@wGifvnf; t=uHay;cJhzl;onf? (2009) ckESpftwGif;u a'gufwm'efpwef (Dr. Dunstan) onf aygif;avmif; jrpfnmqnfodk@ yxrOD;qHk;t}udrftjzpf oGm;a&muf+yD;/ pDrHcsufvkyfief;. jzpfxGef;wdk;wufr_rsm;udk pDppfoHk;oyfcJhonf?

,leef pufypPnf;ESifh jynfyydk hukef ukr`%D Yunnan Machinery and Export Company (YMEC)‚if;. uGef&ufpmrsufESmyg az:jycsuft&qdkv#if (YMEC) onf (2006) ckESpf/ ESpfqef;ydkif;u txufaygif;avmif;qnf pDrHcsufvkyfief;ESifhtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiH. v#y fpp fp Gr f ;tif0e f }uD;Xmevufatmuf& S d a&tm;v#y fpp fp Gr f ;tifXmeE Si f h uefx&dkufpmcsKyfwckudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonf? a':vmoef; (80) wefaom TpmcsKyft& (YMEC) u aygif;avmif;txufqnftwGuf puf,EW&m;rsm;ESifh ypPnf;u&d,mrsm; axmufyHhay;&ef oabmwlcJhonf?

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pDrHcsufvkyfief;. tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;qnftjrqnftjrifh - ifh - (103) rDwm owfrSwfxm;aom v#yfppf"gwftm; -owfrSwfxm;aom v#yfppf"gwftm; - (140) rD*g0yf a&avSmifuef -a&avSmifuef - (61) pwk&ef;uDvdkrDwm toHk;ðyr_ -toHk;ðyr_ - aejynfawmfodk@ v#yfppf"gwftm;ay;a&;twGuf jrpfatmufydkif; aygif;avmif;qnfudk a&jznfhay;&ef aqmufvkyf +yD;pD;rnfhtcsdef -aqmufvkyf +yD;pD;rnfhtcsdef - (2012) ckESpf

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3

vGefcJhaom (3) ESpftwGif;rSm ESpfpOfESpfwdkif;yif òrd@e,ftm%mydkifrsm;onf ta&S@ydkif; aejynfawmf ppfwdkif;rSL;&mjynfh/ u|rf;usifol ynm&Sifwdk@ESifhtwl oajyukef;ESifh xdefyifaus;&Gmtkyfpkrsm;odk@ oGm;a&muf+yD;/ wESpfv#if tpnf;ta0; (4) }udrf ac:,lusif;ycJhonf? xdkolwdk@u &Gmom;rsm;tm; qnfaqmufvkyf+yD;oGm;v#if a&jrêKyf oGm;rnfh e,fajrrsm;udk pDrHudef;ajryHkay:rSm jyocJhonf?

&Gmom;rsm; ajymif;a&$ @oGm;&rnfjzpfa=umif; owday;um/ teD;tem;&S d awmifukef;ajrjrifhrsm;rSm &Gmwnfaqmufa&;twGuf e,fajropfrsm; a&G;cs,f&ef &Gmom;rsm;tm; ta=umif;=um;xm;+yD; jzpfonf? &Gmom;rsm;tm; ulnDonfh taeESifh ae&mopfrsm;udk ajrxdk;pufjzifhajrnd‡ay;rnf jzpfa=umif;/ &Gmom;rsm; ajymif;a&$@+yD;aemufwGif wtdrfaxmifv#if aiGusyf (50˜000) (a':vm 50 yif rjynfhonfhyrm%) udk xkwfay;rnfjzpfa=umif; tm%mydkifrsm;u ajymcJhonf? Tr# rjzpfpavmufaiGyrm%udkyif uwdtwdkif; ay;vdrfhrnf r[kwfacs? (2010) ckESpftwGif;rSm ta&S@ydkif;wdkif;rSL;a&mufvmcJ+yD;/ tdrfaxmifpktoD;oD;twGuf aiGusyf (50˜000) ay;rnfhtpm; aus;&Gmw&GmpDtwGuf a&avSmifuefwuefpD wnfaqmufay;rnfjzpfa=umif; ajymoGm;cJhonf? tu,fI avsmfa=u;ay;onfhwdkif Tavsmfa=u;onf aus;&Gmom;wOD; nnf;nLcJ honfhtwdkif;yif ulnDjcif;oabmxuf apmfum;jcif;oabm ydkaqmifaeygonf?

vuf&Sdtcsdeftxd rnfonfhaus;&Gmr# ra&$@ajymif;=uao;aomfvnf; aus;&Gm (23) &GmvHk;tm; (2011) ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvxuf aemufrusapbJ a&$@ajymif;oGm;

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=u&rnf[k ta=umif;=um;xm;+yD; jzpfonf? aus;&Gm tenf;tusOf;avmufu ae&mopfudk a&G;+yD; jzpfae=uaomfvnf; trsm;pkurl rnfonfhae&mudk a&$@ajymif;& rnfrSef;/ rnfonfhae&mu toufarG;0rf;ausmif;&ef taumif;qHk;ae&mjzpfrnfrSef; pdwful;I r&=uao;acs? usa&mufvmrnfhae@udk pOf;pm;rdae=uaoma=umifh rnfolr# rdrdwdk@. aetdrfrsm;udk ydkaumif;atmif ðyjyifvdkpdwf r&Sd=ubJ/ aus;&Gmrsm;. zGH@òzd;wdk;wufr_rsm;rSm xdcdkufusqif;aecJhonf?

“(2004)ckESpfup+yD;/ usaemfhtdrfaqmufzdk@twGuf bdvyfajrawG 0,fpkvmcJhwmyg? ckawmh 'DypPnf;awG a&atmufa&muf+yD; tqHk;cHr,fhtpm; bkef;}uD;ausmif;udk usaemf vSLvdkufawmhw,f? b,folrS tdrfopf raqmuf0Hh=uawmhbl;? usaemfwdk@rSm b,fudk ajymif;&r,frSef;vnf; rodygbl;Asm?” [k &Gmom;wOD;u qdkonf?

TESpfwGif aus;&Gmom;rsm;onf ae&ma&$@ajymif;&r_ESifh ñuHawG@aeygonf? odk@jzpfonfhwdkif tm%mydkifrsm;xH rdrdwdk@. epfemcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufI wdkifwef;ajymqdk cJhjcif;r&Sdonfhtjzpfodk@ a&mufaeygonf? rnfol@xHodk@ wdkifwef;&rnf/ rdrdwdk@. toHudk =um;atmif rnfodk@vkyf&rnf qdkonfwdk@udk olwdk@ rod=uacs?

t"duusaom ajredrfhydkif; pyg;pdkufajr {u (2˜000)ausmfESifh ukef;jrifhydkif;&Sdonfxufydkrsm;aom O,smOfajr {uaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmwdk@onfvnf; a&zHk;v$rf;cH&um/ qHk;&_H;&ayawmhrnf? aus;&Gmom;rsm;tzdk@ ywf0ef;usif&Sd awmifukef;rsm;ay:rSm ajropf,mopfrsm;wnfjcif;tm;jzifh toufqufa&;twGuf rjzpfrae óud;yrf;&ayawmhrnf? Todk@ ae&mopfrSm tajccsaexdkifr_a=umifh opfawmðyef;wD;r_ ydkrsm;vmayvdrfhrnf?

4

“usaemfwdk@tzdk@ aiG (50˜000) eJ@ bmvkyfvdk@ &rSmvJ? tdrftopfaqmufzdk@/ v,fajr topfpdkufzdk@ rajymeJ@/ vuf&Sdtdrfudk zsufzdk@awmif ravmufbl;?” [k olu qdkonf?

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1 xef;wyif 50 233

2 us}uD; 30 150

3 ESrf;pH}uJ 40 104

4 Oo#pfukef; 55 263

5 xdefyif 195 815

6 &Gmr 115 683

7 ausmif;&Gm 80 426

8 ukef;usKdif; 60 223

9 qDqHkukef; 57 218

10 zdkukef; 90 473

11 vkH;uJ 95 468

12 vdef;vD 75 382

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13 aps;ukef; 60 275

14 v,fjyif}uD; 40 192

15 opfrmukef; 75 399

16 oajyukef; 129 520

17 rJvD 10 55

18 uHvS 93 482

19 ydEMJukef; 30 152

20 oabFmukef; 40 210

21 [oFmukef; 70 421

22 a*G;ukef; 65 284

23 &Gm}uD; 116 570

pkpkaygif;pkpkaygif; 7˜9987˜998

txufaygif;avmif;qnf aqmufvkyfr_a=umifh txufaygif;avmif;qnf aqmufvkyfr_a=umifh a&$@ajymif;&rnfh aus;&Gmrsm;a&$@ajymif;&rnfh aus;&Gmrsm;

5

tvkyform;rsm;tay: rormr_jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif;&Sd ysOf;rem;/ rauG;/ ppfudkif;òrd@wdk@rS tvkyform; (250) cef@onf ae@a&mnyg qnfaqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;wGif tvkyfvkyfaev#uf&Sdonf? tvkyform;rsm;. tajccHvpmonf wvv#if (30˜000) usyf jzpfonf? Ttvkyform;rsm;onf yxr (3- 4) vwGifom vpmtjynfh &&Sd=uaomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGif vpmudk tjynfhr&&Sd=uacs? odk@r[kwf tcsdefaemufus+yD;rS (vukef+yD;aemuf 10 &ufcef@ =um+yD;rS) &&Sd=uonf? tvkyform;rsm; rauseyf=uacs? odk@&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tvkyf&&ef cufcJvGef;aoma=umifh +idrfcHae=uonf?

ppfwyftwGuf qnf

tif*sifeD,mrsm;ESifh a&wmwmvkH+cHKa&;,lay;aom ppfom;rsm;twGuf aetdrfrsm;

pDrHudef;udk (2004) ckESpfrSm twnfðy+yD;onfESifhwòydifeuf e,fajrvHkðcHa&;twGuf aejynfawmfrS trSwf (606) ajcjrefwyf&if;udk apv$wfcJhonf? e,fajrvlxktay: rawmfrw&m;ðyr_rsm;onf csufcsif; qdkovdkyif pwifjzpfyGm; vmcJhonf? ,cktcgY e,fajrxJrSm tajcpdkufxm;aom wyf&if; (2)&if; &Sdae+yD jzpfonf? wyfzGJ@ (4) zGJ@u qnf aqmufrnfhae&modk@ 0if&mvrf;rsm;udk apmifh=uyfae=u+yD;/ wdkufuif;rsm;u vHkðcHa&; wm0efjzifh ywf0ef;usifaus; &Gmrsm;wGif wdkufuif;vSnfhae=uonf?

twif;t"rR vkyftm;apcdkif;jcif;(2006) ckESpf/ aESmifydkif;wGif aejynfawmfvHkðcHa&;twGuf jrpf0 awmifukef;ay:rSm ,m,Dppfpcef;rsm;aqmufay;&ef &Gm}uD;/ oabFmukef;/ [oFmukef;/ a*G;ukef;aus;&Gmwdk@rS aus;&Gmom;rsm;tm; trdef@ay;cJhonf? ,ae@txd ESpfwdkif;yif aus;&Gmom;rsm;u 0g;ESifhtrdk;zufrsm;&Sm+yD;/ T,m,Dppfpcef;rsm;odk@ ay;ae=u&onf? xdk@tjyif aus;&Gmom;rsm;onf pcef;rsm;. ywf0ef;usifESifh awmifajcrSawmifxdyfodk@ oGm;&mvrf;a=umif; wav#mufwGifvnf; aygif;jruf&Sif;ay;=u&onf? TtvkyftwGuf tca=u;aiG&=uonf r[kwfacs? tjypfay; '%fcwfrnfpdk;I rvkyfbJvnf; rae0Hh=uacs?

vHk_cHKa&; wif;usyfvdkufjcif;ESifh rawmfrw&m; aiGaumufjcif;pDrHudef;+yD;ajrmufoGm;v#if aygif;avmif;jrpfajc e,fajrwckvHk;udk aejynfawmfe,fajrtjzpf owfrSwfawmhrnf jzpf&m ,ckuwnf;uyif vHkðcHa&;udk tvGefwif;usyfxm;onf? oajyukef;ESifh xdefyif aus;&Gmtkyfpkrsm;onf aus;&GmtoD;oD;. &Gm0ifaygufwdkif;rSm ,m,Duif;wJrsm; aqmuf ay;=u&onf? aejynfawmf. trSwf (606) wyf&if;ESifh yifavmif;òrd@. wyf&if; (122) wdk@rS ppfom; (2) a,mufpDu Taus;&Gmuif;wJ wpfwJpDrSm tywfpOf vHkðcHa&;wm0ef,l=u+yD;/ tdrfaxmifpkwdkif;u uif;a=u;twGuf vpOf usyf (1˜000) pD ay;=u&onf?

&GmxJodk@ {nfhonfwOD;OD;a&mufvmygu &Gmom;rsm;u tm%mydkifrsm;odk@ owif;ay;ydk@=u&onf? Todk@ owif;ay;ydk@jcif;rðyygu {nfhonfudk usyf (50˜000) '%faiG &dkufonf? {nfhonfwnf;cdk&m tdrf. tdrf&Sifudkvnf; '%faiG usyf(10˜000) &dkufonf? jyifyrS tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk aus;&Gmodk@ vma&mufcGifh rðyacs?

“b,f tJef*sDtdk/ b,ftzGJ@tpnf;udkrS 'De,fajrrSm vlr_a&;vkyfief; vkyfcGifhray;bl;? (2007) ckESpfwkef;u WFP (urBm@ pm;eyf&duQm tpDtpOf) tzGJ@udk 'De,fajrxJ r0if&bl;vdk@ ydwfyifcJhzl;w,f? 'Dvdkydwfyifwm[m qnfpDrHudef;eJ@ ywfoufw,fvdk@ usaemfxifw,f?”

xdk@tjyif qnfpDrHudef; vHkðcHa&;twGuf aus;&Gmom;rsm;. awmif,m (ac:) &dk;&m awmifay:pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief; udkvnf; (2008) ckESpfrSpI ydwfyifxm;cJhonf? (2008) ckESpfESifh (2009) ckESpfrsm;wGif (cr&) (122) u xdefyif aus;&Gmtkyfpk0if aus;&Gmrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ (2009) ckESpfwGif ysOf;rem;òrd@e,ftm%mydkifrsm;u oajyukef; aus;&Gmtkyfpk0if aus;&Gmrsm;udkvnf;aumif; awmif,mrvkyf&[k trdef@xkwfqifhcJhonf?

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; ysufpD;jcif;aygif;avmif; jrpf0Srf;ae vlOD;a& (8˜000)onf pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;udk t"dupD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;tjzpftm; xm;cJh=uonf? aygif;avmif;jrpfurf;wav#mufwGif ajr=oZm ºuG,f0r_a=umifh e,fajrvlxkonf eEGif;/ i&kwfoD;/ rdk;pyg;/ aEGpyg; ajryJwdk@ tjyif/ iSufaysm/ vdarRmf/ vufzufuJhodk@aom ESpf&SnfcHyifrsm;udkvnf; pdkufysKd;EdkifchJonf? jrpf0Srf; wGif ajredrfhpyg; pdkufysKd;&mY txl;txGufaumif;+yD;/ w{u txGufE_ef;onf tjcm;e,fajrrsm;rSmxufydkonf? &moDtvdkufxGufaom oD;ESHrsm;udk yifavmif;òrd@rS ukefonfrsm;u vma&muf 0,f,l=uonf? Te,fajrpD;yGm;a&;onf qnfa=umifh ysufpD;oGm;aywmhrnf? tjcm;toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk zefwD;ay;jcif;vnf; r&Sdacs?

t&if;tjrpfrsm; xkwf,ljcif;ESifh a&jrKyfjcif;(2009) ckESpfupI e,fajrwGif;rSm opfckwfvSJr_rsm; wdk;vmcJhonf? txl;ojzifh [oFmukef;&Gm teD;rSm wdk;vmcJhjcif; jzpfonf? ,cifu xdefyif&GmteD;rSm tao;pm;vkyfief;tjzpfom vkyfudkifcJ haom a&$wl;az:jcif; vkyfief;onf }uD;us,fvmcJhonf? (2009) ckESpfwGif e,fajrwGif;odk @ ukrR%D}uD;wck 0ifa&mufvmch J +yD;/ {&mrpuf}uD;rsm;jzif h pwifI a&$wl;az:chJonf?

qnftjrifha=umifh aygif;avmif;jrpfa=umif;wav#muf&Sd opfawmrsm;a&jrêKyfoGm;awmh rnfjzpf+yD;/ wd&dp>mefrsm;ESifh ‚if;wdk@. pm;usufrsm;yg a&jrKyfoGm;awmhrnf jzpfonf? orif/ 0uf0H/ vdyfuJhodk@aom awm&dkif;wd&dp>mefrsm;tzdk@vnf; ‚if;wdk@. cdkv_Husufpm;&mae&mrsm; qHk;&_H;ayawmhrnf? qnfa=umifh ig;rsKd;pdwfrsm;. ta&twGufESifh trsKd; tpm;rsm;onfvnf; qkwf,kwfoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpf+yD;/ tpm;tpmESifh 0ifaiGtydk&&Sda&;twGuf wHigvkyfief; tay: tm;xm;ae&aom vlaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmwdk@. &duQmvHkðcHr_udk xdcdkufapayvdrfhrnf?

vlr+todkuft_rHK wppDòyduGJjcif;qnfaqmufvdkufv#if aetdrfrsm;ESifh ajr,mrsm; a&jrKyfoGm;rnfjzpf+yD;/ e,fajr vlxkESifh aemifvmaemufom; wdk@. tem*gwfonf awG;=unfhI r&Edkifonfh tajctaeodk@ qdkufa&mufoGm;ayvdrfhrnf? aus;&Gm (23) &Gm. jyefvnftajccsa&;twGuf pepfwuscsrSwfxm;aom tpDtpOfvnf; r&Sd/ avsmfa=u;udkvnf; tvHktavmufray;jcif;wdk@a=umifh ajr,mqHk;&_H;jcif;/ tvkyftudkifrJhjcif;wdk@rSaeI ajr,mtcsif;rsm;r_uJhodk@aom aemufxyf vlr_a&; jy\emrsm; ay:aygufvmayvdrfhrnf? aus;&Gmpmoifausmif;rsm;ESifh usef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_qdkif&m taqmuftOD;rsm; (ywf0ef;usif oef@&Sif;a&; taqmuftODuJhodk@aom tajccHtaqmuftOD;rsm;) udkvnf; topfjyefvnfwnfaqmuf&rnf jzpfygonf? v,fopf/ ,mopfwnfa&;twGuf OD;pm;ay; vHk;yrf;&rnfjzpfojzifh Tu¾rsm;wGif vpf[if;r_rsm;&Sdaevdrfhrnf jzpfygonf? Todk@jzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;oli,frsm;rSm trsm;qHk; xdcdkufcH&ayvdrfhrnf? bk&m;ykxdk;/ ok\efuJhodk@aom txGÉfjrwfxm;&mESifh ordkif;0ifae&mrsm; a&jrSKyfoGm;rnf jzpf+yD;/ xm0&aysmufuG,foGm; ayvdrfhrnf? Todk@jzifh vlr_todkuftjrHK. t*F gtpdwftydkif;rsm; wppDòyduGJ oGm;vdrfhrnf jzpfygonf?

jzpfvmEdkifzG,f&Sdaom qdk;usKd;rsm;

"mwfykH-tdrfarG;wd&p>mefrsm;twGufopfawmwGufukefrsm;ESifh 0g;rSspf[if;&nftwGuf ajrjyef ha'o&Sd 0g;&kHawmrS rSspfrsm;udk rdom;pktwGuf trsKd;orD;rsm;vdkufvHpkaqmif;I [if;vSsmtwGufjyifqifaejcif;? a&umwmonf 0g&kHawmrsm;udk a&v$rf;rdk;oGm;rnfjzpfjyD; wqufwnf; opfawm{&d,mrsm; ysufpD;oGm;ouJhodk h&Gmom;rsm; awmifay:a'oodk ha&¸@ajymif;&rnfjzpfonf? ae&ma&¸@ajymif;jcif; tusKd;qufrsm;onf uav;rsm;twGuftpkd;&drf&qkH; tajctaejzpfonf?

aygif;avmif;a'o&Sd u,ef;trskKd;orD;rsm;. &dk;&m0wfpkHtvS

7

t=uHðycsufrsm;EdkifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHolrsm;odk@EdkifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHolrsm;odk@? ? twif;t"rR ajr,modrf;,lr_ESifh tjcm;vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm; wdkuf &dkuf jzpfyGm;apaom/ obm0ywf0ef;usif ysufpD;apaom/ xdk@jyif a'oaejynfolwdk@twGuf rnfonfh aumif;usKd;r# aqmifusOf;vmjcif;r&Sdaom jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd t}uD;pm; wnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;rsm; tm;vHk;udk &kyfodrf;oGm;&ef?

jrefrmEdkifiH ppftpdk;&odk@jrefrmEdkifiH ppftpdk;&odk@? ? txufaygif;avmif;qnf pDrHudef;ESifhywfoufI trsm;jynfolwdk@tay: qdk;usKd; &dkufcwfcsufrsm;qdkif&m tuJjzwfcsufrsm; (public impact assessment) &Sdrxm;jcif;a=umifh Tvkyfief;udk csufcsif; &yfwef;u &yfypf&ef? ppftpdk;&onf oifhavsmfaom avsmfa=u;ay;jcif; odk@r[kwf oifhavsmfaom jyefvnfae&m csxm;ay;jcif;vnf; r&SdbJ/ e,fajra'o. ,Ofaus;r_rsm;udk ta&;xm;av;pm;jcif; r&SdbJ/ xdk@tjyif xdcdkufcH&aom vlxk. ynma&;/ usef;rma&; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk oifhavsmfpGmjznfhqnf;ay;&ef tpDtpOfr&SdbJ qufvuf taumiftxnfazmfv#uf &Sdonf?

EdkifiHwum todkif;t0dkif;ESifh t&yfom; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;odk@EdkifiHwum todkif;t0dkif;ESifh t&yfom; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;odk@? ? qnfpDrHudef;udk csufcsif; tqHk;owfoGm;atmif jrefrmppftpdk;&tay: zdtm;ay;=uyg&ef? pDrHudef;vkyfief;udk &yfwef;u &yfypfatmifESifh ‚if;wdk@. rl0g'rsm;udk jyefvnfpDppfatmif oufqdkif&m ukrR%Drsm;tm; zdtm;ay;&ef? jrefrmEdkifiH tpdk;&tay: '%fcwf ydwfqdk@r_rsm; usifhoHk;&efESifh vlom;rsm;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifudk 'kuQay;aom wnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef; rsm;wGif &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESH r_rsm; rðyvkyf=uyg&ef?

e,fajra'owGif; aus;&Gmrsm;odk@e,fajra'owGif; aus;&Gmrsm;odk@? ? rdrdwdk@. tcGifhta&;rsm;bufrSaeI ckcHumuG,f&efESifh rdrdwdk@. ajr,m/ obm0 ywf0ef;usifwdk@udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf=uyg&ef æ æ wdkufwGef;tyfygonf?

urBm@ qnfrsm;qdkif&m aumfr&SiftzGJ@ (The World Commission on Dams) u t=uHðyxm;onfrSm e,fcHaus;&Gm rsm;onf qnfwnfaqmufa&;pDrHudef;. tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk OD;OD;zsm;zsm; cHpm;&olrsm; jzpf&rnfhtjyif ‚if;wdk@. vlaer_tqifhtwef;udk e*dkrlvtqifhtwef;twdkif; xdef;odrf;ay;&rnfom rubJ/ ydkIyif wdk;wuf aumif;rGefap&rnf [lIjzpfonf?

urBmhqnfrsm;a&umwm aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;onf qufvuftaumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufaeojzifh &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHolrsm;udk a&umwmaqmufvkyfjcif;rS &yfwef hay;&eftwGufawmif;qdkygonf?

www.kngy.orgwww.burmariversnetwork.org

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arv 2011 ckESpfwGif xkwfa0onf?