Wireless Pick And Place Robot

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementsof the degree of

Bachelor Of Mechanical Engineering

By

Mukadam Danish Sharfuddin Farhana

Shaikh Danish Ahmed Jamil Ahmed

Kazi Faaiz Shaukat Yasmeen

Kazi Salman Hussain Sufia

Supervisor:

Prof. Gajanan N. Thokal

Pillai's Institute of Information Technology Engineering, Media Studies & Research

2015-2016

1

2

1

2

3

456789

10111213141516171819202122

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30313233343536373839404142434445

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the requirements for the synopsis entitled "Wireless Pick And Place Robot" have been successfully completed by the following students:

Name Roll No.

Danish Mukadam (768)

Danish Shaikh (746)

Faaiz Kazi (766)

Salman Kazi (727)

in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering of Mumbai University in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pillai Institute of Information Technology, Engineering, Media & Research, New Panvel during academic year 2015-2016.

Internal Guide_____________

(Prof. Gajanan N. Thokal)

Internal Examiner____________ External Examiner__________

Dr. Dhanraj Tambuskar

Head of Department ____________ Principal_____________

Dr. Dhanraj Tambuskar Dr. R. I. K. Moorthy

3

4

4647484950

515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374

Abstract

Mankind has always strived to give life like qualities to its artifacts in an attempt to find

substitutes for himself to carry out his orders and also to work in a hostile environment. The

popular concept of a mechanical arm is of a machine that looks and works like a human arm.

The industry is moving from current state of automation to Robotization, to increase

productivity and to deliver uniform quality. The industrial robots of today may not look the

least bit like a human being although all the research is directed to provide more and more

anthropomorphic and human like features and super-human capabilities in these. This work

unravels the fact that man would always want to adhere to safety precautions at workplace

and even in its environment, to be able to handle some specific tasks, like sending the robotic

vehicle to hazardous environment to obtain samples for chemical analysis. A typical Robotic

Vehicle is capable of traveling over various terrains and traversing obstacles.

One type of robot commonly used in industry is a robotic manipulator or simply a mechanical

arm. It is an open or closed kinematic chain of rigid links interconnected by movable joints. In

some configurations, links can be considered to correspond to human anatomy as waist, upper

arm and forearm with joint at shoulder and elbow. At end of arm a wrist joint connects an end

effector which may be a tool and its fixture or a gripper or any other device to work.

5

6

757677

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

Introduction

Mechanical is the branch of engineering science & Technology related to machinery,

and their design, manufacture, application, and structural disposition. Robotics is related to

electronics, mechanics, and software. Robotics research today is focused on developing

systems that exhibit modularity, flexibility, redundancy, fault-tolerance, a general and

extensible software environment and seamless connectivity to other machines, some

researchers focus on completely automating a manufacturing process or a task, by providing

sensor based intelligence to the mechanical arm, while others try to solidify the analytical

foundations on which many of the basic concepts in robotics are built.

In this highly developing society time and man power are critical constrains for

completion of task in large scales. The automation is playing important role to save human

efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried works. One of the major and most

commonly performed works is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination.

Present day industry is increasingly turning towards computer-based automation

mainly due to the need for increased productivity and delivery of end products with uniform

quality. The inflexibility and generally high cost of hard-automation systems, which have

been used for automated manufacturing tasks in the past, have led to a broad based interest in

the use of mechanical arm capable of performing a variety of manufacturing functions in a

flexible environment and at lower costs. The use of Industrial mechanical arm characterizes

some of contemporary trends in automation of the manufacturing process. However, present

day industrial mechanical arm also exhibit a monolithic mechanical structure and closed-

system software architecture. They are concentrated on simple repetitive tasks, which tend not

to require high precision.

The pick and place mechanical arm is a human controlled based system that detects the

object, picks that object from source location and places at desired location. For detection of

object, human detect presence of object and move machine accordingly.

7

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120121122123124125126

Aim :

To design more compact, usable and cheaper pick and place robotic arm

Objective:

In every project, there must be a reason why it is conducted. Objective defined how successful

the project has been. It gives the benefits to organize the efforts toward accomplishing the

desired project.

8

127

128129130

131

132133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

Literature review

Robots have their historical past though they came into existences only in 1961 when

Unimation Inc., USA introduced the first servo- controlled industrial robots. Early

development dating back to 500B.C shows that the Egyptians, Indians, the Chinese, and the

Romans built many automatics puppets which imitate the movement of animals and birds.

The Chinese built many amusing devices that depicted sequential motions. Also, the early

men discovered many mechanisms and exhibited their innovation skill in building ships and

introduced looms to weave. This ushered in the industrial revolution. In the 1940s, remote

teleported master-slave manipulators were developed. Later, force feedback and kinesthetic

sensory elements were added to them to facilitate better control. Tele-operated devices were

used in mars exploration in 1976. In 1948, the transition was invented at Bell laboratories

U.S.A. In 1952, IBM‟s first commercial computer IBM 701 was introduced. Then came

numerically controlled tools in which various slides of machines were displaced by numerical

commands through suitable hardware. The development of NC (numerically controlled)

machine tools has, therefore, been a turning point in the development of robotics.

The planet corporation in 1959 introduced a pick and place robot. In 1961, the first industrial

robot was commercialized by Unimation Inc. Microprocessor technology was brought by

INTEL in 1961. The real robot development process continued between 1968 and 1982 when

various models of robots were developed by leading robot scientists in different universities,

national laboratories and different industrial houses in the USA, Japan, France, UK, and other

European countries.

Some of the robot models of historical interest are the Versatran by AMF, developed in

(1963) and Cincinnati Milacron introduced in (1974), Irb-6 by ASLA in (1978). The

Kawasaki and Hitachi groups in Japan have also contributed a lot in developing various

sensors to make robots „think‟ intelligently.

Various robot institutions propagate the ideas and ideologies of robotics to the

profession. Some of the pioneering institutions are the Japan industrial Robot Association

(JIRA, 1971), Robot Institute of America (RIA, 1975), British Robot Association (BRA,

1977) and Robotics Interaction / SME, to mention a few.

9

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

Sr. No.

Author Title Investigation Tool Used Scope

1) Enrique Hortal, ,

Eduardo Iáñez ,

Andrés Úbeda ,

Carlos Perez-Vidal ,

José M. Azorín

(Robotics and Autonomous Systems Volume 72 October 2015)

Combining a Brain–Machine Interface and an Electrooculography Interface to perform pick and place tasks with a robotic arm.

A multimodel Interface has been used to control a robotic arm to perform pick and place tasks in 3-D.Five volunteers were selected and the result prove the feasibility of the system.

Multimodel Human Machine Interface, EOG interface.

Ability to Improve free and frexible operation by the user.

2) Kensuke Harada,

Tokuo Tsuji,

Kazuyuki Nagata,

Natsuki Yamanobe,

Hiromu Onda

(Robotics and Autonomous Systems Volume 62,Issue 10 October 2014)

Validating an object placement planner for robotic pick-and-place tasks

The object and environment is made in cluster of polygon models and the coordinates of the objects placed at assigned point are obtained by

1)Convexity test

2)Contact test

3)Stability test

Kinetic Sensors, Polygon Models

Improvement in the stability and grasp of the robotic arm.New methods to map the environment and the objects.

3) Michiel Plooij

,Wouter Wolfslag,

Martijn Wisse

(Robotics and Autonomous Systems,Volume 70,August 2015)

Robust feed forward

control of robotic arms with friction

model uncertainty.

Rest to rest motion is studied on arms that use feed forward control. One or two DOF arm were studied and three types of frictions were observed.

1)Viscous

2)Coulomb

3)Torque dependent

Feed Forward Controlled robotic Arm.

Possibility to eliminate the sensitivity of the final state to uncertainty and improve the accuracy of the arm.

10

4) B.O.Omijeh,R.Uhunmwangho,M.Ehikhamenle(International journal of engineering research and development, volume 10 issue 5 , May 2014)

Design analysis of a remote controlled Pick and place robot vehicle.

A miniature Remote Control Robotic Vehicle( RCRV) with five degree of freedom (5DOF) robotic arm has been designed and developed .The objective is to produce a basic model with four wheels, standard sensors and a robotic arm with the vehicle acting as a base for it mobility.

Pulse position modulation decoder and electronic speed controller

Easier for userto unrivalled the risk of handling suspicious objects which could be hazardous in its present environment and workplace. Complex and complicated duties would be achieved faster and more accurately with this design.

5) Butkar Vinayak D., Prof. Shilpa Patharwalkar, Devikar Sandip R, Jaybhaye Vikas B

(International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research Volume 2 Issue 4 December 2014 )

Android Based Pick And Place Robot

In this research paper , project is designed to develop a pick n place robotic vehicle with a soft catching gripper.The robotic vehicle is android application controlled for remote operation.

ATMEGA16 microcontroller.

DC motor,

Development of good hardware to make arms and hands that can perform anything but the simplest of pick-and-place operations that are prevalent in industry,Bomb diffusion.

6) Muhammed Jabir.N.K, Neetha John, Muhammed Fayas, Midhun Mohan , Mithun Sajeev , Safwan.C

(International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and

Wireless Control of Pick and Place Robotic Arm Using an Android Application

The work is designed to develop a pick and place robotic arm vehicle with a soft catching gripper that is designed to avoid extra pressure on the suspected object (Like Bombs) for

ATMEGA328 Micro controller IC, Bluetooth module, four DC Motors with driver IC and power supply

Laboratory use to handle hazardous materials.

11

200

201

202

203

Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2015)

safetyreasons.

7) A. Che Soh, S.A. Ahmad, A.J. Ishak and K. N. Abdul Latif(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2012)

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADJUSTABLE GRIPPER FOR ROBOTIC PICKING AND PLACING OPERATION

Overall, an autonomous robot with adjustable gripper that perform pick and place operation has been successfully built. The robot has been able to pick the object and place it effectively. The robot is also able to perform lifting upward and downward smoothly. By using PIC microcontroller, the robot have performed it task perfectly according program that being made. Beside than that, the adjustable gripper with sensors is able to open its grip according to the size of the object. Due to this advantage, the robot can pick object that within the gripper limitation

PIC18F4550 microcontroller

Installing proper sensors and dc motors can perform easier and faster picking and placing operation for multiple shapes and sizes objects.

8) Dheepak Mohanraj (, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies)

MICROCONTROLLER BASED AN AUTONOMOUS WIRELESS LINE TRACKING ROBOT

An autonomous robots which can be controlled with wireless technology from the remote and this robot follows the line and move to the desired location and perform pick and place operation of item .These Robots can be deployed in vital locations and also used for military for rescue mission. These Autonomous unmanned robots can communicate with adhoc network and can perform

PIC 16F877A microcontroller, , Radio-frequency identification (RFID)

Dead reckoning, Vision based navigation, Behaviour based navigation can be built using PIC 16F877A and RFID.

12

204

205

better operation

9) Low Kok Hau , Gowrishankar Kasilingam , K. Nithiyananthan

Development of Prototype Model for Wireless Based Controlled Pick and Place Robotic Vehicle

The robotic vehicle is designed with a soft catching gripper that can be controlled by android OS based smartphone available in the market for remote operation. The android application device transmitter will acts as a remote control while the receiver end Bluetooth device is fed to the microcontroller to drive DC motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. Remote operation is achieved by any Smartphone with Android OS; upon a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch screen operation. Users friendly and inexpensive in price are some of the advantages of Bluetooth technology used in controlling the robotic vehicle. Therefore controlling the robotic vehicle by smart phone will come true.

. DC Motors (Brushed RF-500TB-12560), AT89S52 Microcontroller, L293D Motor Driver ICs, LM7805 Voltage Regulator, MCT2E Octo – Couplers, Bluetooth Breakout Board, Blue Control V2.0

The prototype can be further enhanced by interfacing it with a wireless camera so that the person controlling it can view operation of the arm and gripper remotely and with the IR sensors to allow the robotic vehicle to avoid any obstacles while moving to the destination point.

10) Balakrishna Annapura Reddy,GV Ramana Reddy

(International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol.60, (2013))

Pick And Place Robot With Smart Remote Control

L293D is used to amplify the current that is supplied to the motors.when button is pressed ASCII commands are sent to the bluetooth module.

LPC2148 microcontroller,high powered. 32-bit.Bluetooth module RS232

Improved accuracy and parameters such as settling time and overshoot which can in turn be used to determine the damping of the system

13

Law Of Robotics:

1. A mechanical arm should not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a

human to be harmed.

2. A mechanical arm must obey orders given by humans except when that conflicts with

the First Law.

3. A mechanical arm must protect its own existence unless that conflicts with the First or

Second law.

These are very general laws and apply even to other machines and appliances. They are

always taken care of in any mechanical arm design.

Components Of Mechanical Arm

1. Structure

The structure of a mechanical arm is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a

kinematic chain. The chain is formed of links, actuators, and joints which can allow

one or more degrees of freedom. Most contemporary mechanical arm use open serial

chains in which each link connects the one before to the one after it. These mechanical

arms are often resemble the human arm. Mechanical arm used as manipulators have an

end effector mounted on the last link. This end effector can be anything from a

welding device to a mechanical hand used to manipulate the environment.

14

206

207

208

209

210

211212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

http://preparingyourfamily.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/robot-arm.jpg

2. Power Source

At present mostly (lead-acid) batteries are used, but potential power sources could be:

Pneumatic (compressed gases)

Hydraulics (compressed liquids)

Flywheel energy storage

Organic garbage (through anaerobic digestion)

Still untested energy sources (e.g. Nuclear Fusion reactors)

http://www.sprinkler-irrigation.co.uk/media/catalog/product/a/a/aa.jpg

3. Actuation

Actuators are like the "muscles" of a mechanical arm, the parts which convert stored energy

into movement. By far the most popular actuators are electric motors that spin a wheel or

gear, and linear actuators that control industrial mechanical arm in factors. But there are some

recent advances in alternative types of actuators, powered by electricity, chemicals, or

compressed air.

15

238

239240241242243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

http://www.polytechnichub.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/dc_servo_motor_img.jpg

4. Touch

Current mechanical arm receive far less tactile information than the human hand. Recent

research has developed a tactile sensor array that mimics the mechanical properties and touch

receptors of human fingertips. The sensor array is constructed as a rigid core surrounded by

conductive fluid contained by an elastomeric skin. Electrodes are mounted on the surface of

the rigid core and are connected to an impedance-measuring device within the core. When the

artificial skin touches an object the fluid path around the electrodes is deformed, producing

impedance changes that map the forces received from the object.

5. Vision

Computer vision is the science and technology of machines that see. As a scientific discipline,

computer vision is concerned with the theory behind artificial systems that extract information

from images. The image data can take many forms, such as video sequences and views from

cameras.

In most practical computer vision applications, the computers are pre-programmed to solve a

particular task, but methods based on learning are now becoming increasingly common.

Computer vision systems rely on image sensors which detect electromagnetic radiation which

is typically in the form of either visible light or infra-red light. The sensors are designed using

solid-state physics. The process by which light propagates and reflects off surfaces is

explained using optics. Sophisticated image sensors even require quantum mechanics to

provide a complete understanding of the image formation process.

6. Manipulation

Mechanical arm which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects;

pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect. Thus the 'hands' of a mechanical arm

are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator. Most

mechanical arm arms have replaceable effectors, each allowing them to perform some small

range of tasks. Some have a fixed manipulator which cannot be replaced, while a few have

one very general purpose manipulator, for example a humanoid hand.

16

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

Types

1. Mechanical gripper:

One of the most common effectors is the gripper. In its simplest manifestation it consists of

just two fingers which can open and close to pick up and let go of a range of small objects.

Fingers can for example be made of a chain with a metal wire run through it.

http://www.dhresource.com/albu_935772856_00/1.0x0.jpg

2. Vacuum Grippers:

Pick and place robots for electronic components and for large objects like car

windscreens, will often use very simple vacuum grippers. These are very

simple astrictive devices, but can hold very large loads provided the pretension

surface is smooth enough to ensure suction.

17

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

http://www.sommer-technik.com/2__k1_produkte/006_vakuum/006_vaccon_einleitung/ejector_suctcup_e.jpg

Types Of Mechanical Arm As Per Applications

Nowadays, mechanical arm do a lot of different tasks in many fields. And this number of jobs

entrusted to mechanical arm is growing steadily. That's why one of the best ways how to

divide mechanical arm into types is a division by their application.

Below given are some of the types of mechanical arm:

Industrial Mechanical Arm: Mechanical arm today are being utilized in a wide variety of

industrial applications. Any job that involves repetitiveness, accuracy, endurance, speed, and

reliability can be done much better by robots, which is why many industrial jobs that used to

be done by humans are increasingly being done by mechanical arm.

http://cfnewsads.thomasnet.com/images/medium/451/451672.jpg

Mobile Mechanical Arm: Also known as Automated Guided Vehicles, or AGVs, these are

used for transporting material over large sized places like hospitals, container ports, and

warehouses, using wires or markers placed in the floor, or lasers, or vision, to sense the

environment they operate in. An advanced form of the AGV is the SGV, or the Self-Guided

Vehicle, like Patrol Bot Gofer, Tug, and Speci-Minder, which can be taught to autonomously

navigate within a space.

18

307308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

http://www.habibanimatos.com/img/mobile-robotic-arm.jpg

Agriculture Mechanical Arm:

Although the idea of Mechanical Arm planting seeds, ploughing fields, and gathering the

harvest may seem straight out of a futuristic science fiction book, nevertheless there are

several Mechanical Arm in the experimental stages of being used for agricultural purposes,

such as mechanical arm that can pickapples.

http://cosb.countyofsb.org/uploadedFiles/agcomm/outreach/SB-Ag-Econ-vDec31-5pm.pdf

19

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

Telemechanical Arm:

These mechanical arms are used in places that are hazardous to humans, or are inaccessible or

far away. A human operator located at a distance from a telemechanical arm controls its

action, which was accomplished with the arm of the space shuttle. Telemechanical arm are

also useful in nuclear power plants where they, instead of humans, can handle hazardous

material or undertake operations potentially harmful for humans.

Service Mechanical Arm:

The Japanese are in the forefront in these types of mechanical arm. Essentially, this category

comprises of any mechanical arm that is used outside an industrial facility, although they can

be sub-divided into two main types of mechanical arm: one, mechanical arm used for

professional jobs, and the second, mechanical arm used for personal use. Amongst the former

type are the above mentioned mechanical arm used for military use, and then there are

mechanical arm that are used for underwater jobs, or mechanical arm used for cleaning

hazardous waste, and the like.

20

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

Project Objective

We have selected the pick and place mechanical arm for this particular

process due to the following reasons:-

To study the concept on how pick and place robot function and operate

To design the hardware for pick and place robot.

To design the software for pick and place

To design the combination of electric and motion system.

21

397

398

399

400401402

403404

405

406

407

408

409

Problem Definition

In manufacturing industries, the pick and place robot was invented to be used as hardware to

solving and accomplishing most of task that cannot be done by human being and also to be

faster and pinch the production time.

This picks and place robot is being designed to ease the transfer process of materials.

If a specific task is to be performed for a long period of time, it can create stress upon the

operator and may cause injury in the process. This robot helps to ease the process with

precision.

22

410411412413414415416

417

418

419

420

421

422

Methodology

In this project the whole process will be separated ino two parts. The first part will be

constructing the robotic arm and second will be developing the problem for the pick and place

application. The flow chart is given below

23

423424425426427

428

429

430431

432

433434435436

Determination of Microcontroller

Before starting to commend the project problem statements need to be analyzed and why the

project is conducted. Problems that need to be identified would not only be the one which

might occur during conducting the project but also with the system that is to be designed. That

includes the type of the microcontroller that is to be used. There are many types of

microcontroller that can be chosen example 808 family, 8048 family from Intel, AT89 series

from ATMEL. Therefore a suitable one is needed to be selected with the application of pick

and place arm. In this process every detail of the component to be used is identified and the

budget to achieve the objective of the project that is to design a cheaper robotic arm.

Familiarize with the programming language

After choosing the suitable microcontroller the next step is to choose a suitable language in

order to program the microcontroller and use it. There are several types of languages offered

for programming but the most well-known are BASIC, C, Pascal. Thus research need to be

done in order to know which programming language can provide the better solution with the

programming by knowing each languages pros and cons.

Design and construction and assembly

There are many ways to design a robotic arm but there are several questions needed to be

pointed out before designing it such as what is the object to be lifted , how heavy is the object

how far can the arm stretch , how many DOF is the arm and material used to build the robotic

arm.After these measurements have been taken the arm can be constructed and assembled

together with the microcontroller chosen.

Construct a suitable program for the robotic arm application and write it into the microcontroller used.

Based on the design robotic arm, a suitable program is being constructed using the

programming language chosen to be written in microcontroller used. This program is built to

suit with application of pick and place robotic arm.

During the stage, simulation is also being conducted through simulation software

to verify the program is written working perfectly in order to protect components and

microcontroller from being damage in case of error.

24

437438439440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448449450451

452

453

454

455

456457458459460

461

462

463

464

465466467468469470

471

472

473

474

475

476

Present Status Of Project

The wireless pick and place robot is still in its initial stage. We have gathered information

regarding the project via the various sources and compiled it.Various research papers related

to the topic had been gathered and submitted to respected guide and approved by him.

Regarding the components, a market survey is conducted by group members in

various parts of the city. Various Microcontrollers, sensors, motors, arms, gripper have been

shortlisted. Depending upon the need and design of the project, components will be bought in

a near future.

25

477

478479480

481

482

483

484

485

486

487

Future Scope

Pick and place interfaced or controlled by smart phones with android or ios platform.

With advancement in technology the robot can controlled with the portable day-to-day

devices like smart phones with ios or android platform.

Smarter versions of pick and place robots can be used to deliver medications in

hospitals or mails within office buildings.

The smarter versions of robots can be used to deliver the medicines from store to ICU which

may reduce the time of delivery or to deliver the mails within office premises

Heavy duty pick and place robots can be used in place of cranes.

Robots can used as an alternative to cranes without any human intervention. It can also

reduce the chances of accidents on construction sites.

Can be used to deliver tools and jobs within industries with user interface control

In large industries it can be used to deliver the tools or product from one part of the industries

to other part with more effective material handling capacity of the robot.

Can be used to handle hazardous materials or chemicals

Robots can handle hazardous material or chemicals where high risk factor is involved to get

people out of dangerous situations. The robots can be situated in work cells that are remote or

closed from human access when handling radioactive or hazardous materials

26

488

489

490

491

492

493

494

495

496

497

498

499

500

501

502

503

504

505

506

507

508

509

510

511

512

513

514

515

516

517

518

Conclusion

The design of a Wireless Robotic Vehicle has been started.

A prototype is being designed and is in its initial stage.

This system would make it easier for man to unrivalled the risk of handling suspicious

objects which could be hazardous in its present environment and workplace.

Complex and complicated duties would be achieved faster and more accurately with

this design.

27

519520521522523524

525

526

527

528

529

530

531

532

533

534

535

536

537

538

539

540

541

542

543

544

545

546

References

[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_robots

[2] Deborah Levine Gera (2003). Ancient Greek Ideas on Speech, Language, and

Civilization. ISBN 978-0-19-925616-7. Retrieved 31 December 2007.

[3]. Currie, Adam (1999). "The History of Robotics". Retrieved 10 September 2007.

[4]. How do RC Servos Work? http://www.rcmodelreviews.com/howservoswork02.shtml

[5]. Electronics Data Book (1998), http//www.circuitidears.com

[6]. Douglas W. Jones: Reston Condit Microchip Technology Inc. University of Iowa

[7]. Pic16F877A and Pic16F628A Data Sheet: http://www.microchip.com/

[8]. Douglas, V.H; “Microprocessor and Interfacing”. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi; 2nd

Edition, 1999

[9] History of Robots https://www.robots.com/education/industrial-history

28

547

548

549

550

551

552

553

554

555

556

557

558

559

560

561

562

563

564

565

566

567

29

568