, ,
: 5248
AutoCAD
.
:
, 2010
AutoCAD
: 5248
4 2010
: : AutoCAD : : AutoCAD . .
. .
AutoCAD , AutoCAD.
AutoCAD .
.
, , , .
AutoCAD 2004.
1
21 .
(Hardware) (Software) .
.
AutoCAD . , , . , , .
, . - . . . . .
1 2 4 61.1 61.2 61.2.1 61.2.2 61.2.3 71.3 81.4 81.5 91.5.1 91.5.2 - (Layers) 9 AutoCAD 112.1 112.2 AutoCAD 112.3 AutoCAD 122.4 AutoCAD 122.4.1 AutoCAD 122.4.2 AutoCAD 212.4.3 AutoCAD 222.4.4 (layers) 242.4.5 Zoom 272.4.6 , 282.4.7 AutoCAD Office 292.5 () AutoCAD 302.5.1 302.5.2 302.6 352.6.1 352.6.2 ( base) 362.6.3 ( mslide) 372.6.4 372.7 blocks 372.7.1 372.7.2 block 382.7.3 blocks 392.7.4 block 432.7.5 Blocks Layers 442.7.6 Wblock 482.7.7 (xrefs) 50
3
513.1 513.2 513.2.1 513.2.2 (POP) 523.2.3 (IMAGE) 533.2.4 543.3 553.4 633.5 633.6 - 663.6.1 663.6.2 OPTIONS 663.7 69 714.1 714.2 714.2.1 714.2.2 714.3 724.3.1 724.3.2 724.4 734.5 744.5.1 .... 744.5.2 .... 754.5.3 754.6 76 775.1 775.2 775.2.1 775.2.2 775.2.3 785.2.4 795.3 795.3.1 795.3.2 795.3.3 815.3.4 815.3.5 layers 825.4 83 - 84 86 97
4
. , , .
, , , .
: 1. , . 2. ( ). : () . () . , : i. ( , , - ) ii. ( , , , , ..) : () . . () (, , , ..).
5
. () .
.
.
, ( 50V) , ( ), ( ), , , , .
1. 1.1
, , , .
( ) . , , .
(standards). .
1.2 1.2.1 , .
, , , .
, , . 1.2.2
20 .
1901 BSI (British Standards Institution) . 1909 (CEI - Comitato Elettrotecnico Italiano), 1917 (DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung), 1918 (ANSI American National Standards
7
Institute) 1926 (AFNOR - Association Franaise de Normalisation).
1.1
.
1947 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) . . 1.2.3 , , . 1894 4 .. : " , , ..." (. . = ). , . , , . , , , . . 1976 . ISO, , (CEN - Comit Europen de Normalisation) 1961. 1975 (CYS Cyprus Standardization) , 7 ..
8
, & , ( ) .
1.2 1.3
. (IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission) 1906 . (VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik) 1893 . (CENELEC - Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique), 1973, . 1.4
, CENELEC.
. 60617 1999 CENELEC 1996.
13 . . , , .. , 11 .
9
1.5 1.5.1
. AutoCAD . .
.
: ( ), , , , , . 82. 1.5.2 - (Layers) . (Electrical diagram) , , , , , . . (Sockets) () . - (R-TV), , . . (Lighting) , , , . . (Switching) . , , ( , , , ). .
10
. (Equipment) . . (Symbols for weak currents) , .. , .. . (Security) , , (CCTV).
AutoCAD
2. AutoCAD 2.1
. , .
. AutoCAD .
2.1 AutoCAD 2.2 AutoCAD AutoCAD . AutoCAD . CAD (Computer-Aided Design). , , . ,
AutoCAD
12
, 2 3 . AutoCAD CAD . . AutoCAD . , , , AutoCAD. Internet , .
AutoCAD 1982 Autodesk . AutoCAD 2010 (Release 24). , (, , ..). , , AutoCAD 2004 (Release 18). 2.3 AutoCAD AutoCAD . AutoCAD , , . , , . AutoCAD Mechanical Autodesk Inventor, AutoCAD Architecture Autodesk Revit, AutoCAD Map 3D AutoCAD Civil 3D, G.I.S. AutoCAD Map 3D MapGuide Enterprise. AutoCAD Electrical . . 2.4 AutoCAD 2.4.1. AutoCAD Microsoft Windows Start Programs AutoCAD xxxx AutoCAD xxxx ( xxxx
AutoCAD
13
2000, 2002, 2004). Startup.
2.2 Startup . Startup : 1. . , select a File. , . 2. . Start from Scratch. .
AutoCAD
14
2.3 Start from Scratch 3. (drawing template), . , , .
2.3 Use a Template 4. (wizard)
AutoCAD
15
. AutoCAD: File New Use a Wizard.
2.4 Use a Wizard Create New Drawing Advanced Setup . Advanced Setup . . .
AutoCAD
16
2.5 Advanced Setup Units Next .
2.6 Advanced Setup Angle Next .
AutoCAD
17
2.7 Advanced Setup Angle Direction , , . (1:1). AutoCAD: , . . , Plot. Format Drawing Limits.
AutoCAD
18
2.8 Advanced Setup Area Finish, AutoCAD.
2.9
AutoCAD
19
. , File Save As
2.10 . . Line, : Draw.
Line L
Line pull-down Draw
AutoCAD
20
Specify first point . . , AutoCAD Specify next point or [Undo]: , , , . (rubber-band). Line: . , . . , Line . Undo ()
u.
2.1 ( )
sc: Escape (Esc) .
AutoCAD
21
Redo: To Undo. Undo, . 2.4.2 AutoCAD AutoCAD . , . (), . (X,Y,Z): (0,0,0) . X . (,,). , 0. (@,,): , . @ . , 6 , @6,0. : . (@, ): , . , < . .. 5 30 , @5,30.
2.2
AutoCAD
22
2.4.3. AutoCAD . (Ortho)
, Ortho, F8. 0, 90, 180 270. . (Object snap Osnap) , .. , , (Aperture). Object Snap .
Temporary Tracking Point
Snap from
Endpoint
Midpoint
Intersection
Apparent Intersection
Snap to extension
Center
Quadrant
Tangent
Perpendicular
AutoCAD
23
Parallel
Snap to insert
Snap to node (point)
Snap to nearest
Snap to none osnap
Object snap settings object snap
2.1 Object Snap
. : Point Ddptype point. . . Ddptype Format - Point Style, .
2.11 Point Style
AutoCAD
24
. Excel Excel. , Excel. , , , = &,&
Copy Paste Line AutoCAD. X,Y,Z. 2.4.4. (layers) , (, , , ..) . , AutoCAD: 1) , (color based). , plotter. plotter. 2) . (line weight based). . , . , , , , , , .
AutoCAD
25
(layer) Format-Layer,
Layer Properties Manager New .. , . . . , , Load. .
2.12 Layer Properties Manager
AutoCAD
26
2.13 Layer Properties Manager
2.14
AutoCAD
27
, Layers.
, , , , ( - ) :
2.4.5. Zoom zoom (-) , AutoCAD . zoom z, View Zoom , .
Zoom.
AutoCAD
28
Window
.
Dynamic
. (limits) . zoom. , , , Enter. .
Scale
( >1) (
AutoCAD
29
/ . , Enter . , , . Massprop. . , . :
Area Perimeter Centroid
Moments of inertia
Principal moments and X-Y directions about centroid
. , . massprop Esc . UCS. Move Enter. . . massprop. . 2.4.7. AutoCAD Office AutoCAD (Word), (Excel) . . Tools Options Display. Colors White pull-down Color, . , Copy Ctrl-C. Edit Paste Ctrl-V.
AutoCAD
30
2.5 () AutoCAD 2.5.1. AutoCAD . AutoCAD , , (), . . . AutoCAD. AutoCAD . 2000 (Help), . . AutoCAD . () AutoCAD. 93. 2.5.2.
. File :
New: AutoCAD . Open:
. .
Close: .
Save: . , , . , . , Open
AutoCAD
31
.
Save as: .
Page setup: . Plot preview:
. , , , . .
Plot: . . . Plot .
Exit: , .
. Edit :
Undo: , .
Redo: Undo , .
. View :
oom: . Zoom Previous: , . Zoom all: Zoom window: . Zoom in: Zoom out: . Zoom realtime: +,- . .
Pan: Pan realtime: .
AutoCAD
32
Toolbars: .
. Format : Layer: (-). . .. , , . , . Drawing Limits: .. 4 .
. Draw :
Line: . . , .
. Osnap . , , . , .
, ( ), . , . (,y) , . , , . @. -() -() (
AutoCAD
33
Circle: . Rectangle: Polygon: Ellipse: . Polyline: Line Arc , . Polyline , , . , . Text: (single line text) (multiline text). Hatch: . , . . Dimension: Quick Dimension: , ( , .). Linear: . Aligned: Radius: , . Diameter: . Angular: Style: , , . Override: .
. Modify:
Properties: . , , . . .. ,
AutoCAD
34
. , . Match Properties: . . Erase: , . Copy: , . . Mirror: , . . , , . Offset: , , . . Array: , , .. . , , ( ). . . Move: . . Rotate: . , , . Trim: . , , . . ( ) . , .
AutoCAD
35
Extend: , . . Chamfer: , . chamfer, , ) ) . Fillet: , . Fillet, .
. Window :
(Cascade, Tile, Arrange Icons), (Close, Close All) .
. Help :
. :
Ortho: . Otrack: Osnap , , .
2.6
2.6.1 . . ISO 11714-1,
AutoCAD
36
(module) =2,5mm. ( AutoCAD 1:50). insunits 4 ( mm). (zoom) . , - , (save) .
2.15 AutoCAD 2.6.2 ( base) (base point) . .
AutoCAD
37
, , base . 2.6.3 ( mslide) , , . . , (slide) - . mslide . 2.6.4 () (folder) AutoCAD . C:\electrical. . (directory) . .dwg .sld. - AutoCAD block ( ). blocks blocks . 2.7 Blocks 2.7.1
(blocks). , (line, arc, circle ). .
AutoCAD
38
, , . . copy . . . , . . . . . . blocks .
2.7.2 block
block . , , . , zoom pan . . , . , , . : 1. . 2. blocks, excel . 3. AutoCAD , . 4. blocks . block, , , , . block block, block Nested Block.
AutoCAD
39
block, , Layer 0 Layer . block BYLAYER. , .
blocks: () blocks, () dynamic blocks, () attributes blocks () wblocks.
2.7.3 blocks 1. Block Command Line : block Menu : Draw > Block > Make Toolbar : Draw Ribbon : Blocks & References Tab > Block Panel > Create block . . :
2.16 Block Definition Base point block. block 0,0,0. : Specify on screen
AutoCAD
40
block. , , , , . Pick point , . X: Y: Z: z. Object . Specify on screen , Select Objects, , block. Select objects block. Quick select Quick Select, . Retain , , . Convert to block , , block. Delete , , . Behavior block, . Annotative Annotative ( ). Match Block Orientation to Layout , block Layout. block Layout. Scale uniformly
AutoCAD
41
block. , block, . . . Allow exploding , block. Settings block. Block unit block block, . , block . Hyperlink hyperlink, block . . Open in block editor block editor , block . Description block. 2. H Insert Block block block . block block . block . block Insert : Command Line : insert i Menu : Insert > Block Toolbar : Draw Ribbon : Blocks & References Tab > Block Panel > Insert Insert.
AutoCAD
42
2.17 Insert : Name dropdown list. blocks . block . Browse . Preview ( ) block . Name Path Browse . block . .
Insertion Point. block. block block. block . Insertion Point. Specify Onscreen block.
H Scale. block . . block.
AutoCAD
43
Uniform Scale block . Specify OnScreen .
Rotation. block . . Specify OnScreen .
block . AutoCAD . block block . block . block Explode block .
2.7.4 block Insert . Browse Path. block . dropdown list block Browse .
AutoCAD
44
2.18 Path Insert. block . 2.7.5 Blocks Layers By Block. Color, Linetype Lineweight. block , block.
block layer.
1 block layer 0 By Layer. Block . block . layer layer . . (
AutoCAD
45
block) .
Layer 0 By Layer. block Door01, Layer > Doors , Linetype Continuous Lineweight 0.25 mm. block Layer Doors. block layer . Layer Manager layer (OFF) block . layer ( layer 0 layer Doors).
blocks. block .
2
block layer / .
AutoCAD
46
layers : DoorFrame , linetype continuous 0,25 mm. DoorSwing 08, linetype DASHED2 0,1 mm layer DoorPanel Blue, linetype continuous 0,20 mm. layer , layer DoorFrame , DoorPanel DoorSwing . block Door02.
layer Doors , block layer. block . layer . layer layer. layer manager (OFF) layer Doors block layer
AutoCAD
47
block. To block Door02 layer Doors layer. 3 . . . layer 0. , By block. 1 Layer Doors block . block layer . layer block. . ; block By Layer . block .
. block layer 0 layer layer . layer doors. By Block . Door_03 By Layer layer Doors . ( by block) . 2. Layer. By Block block ( Door_04) layer Doors. layer layer . layer Door_04. By Layer layer Doors. .. , .
, . blocks . , . block .
block . block layers. block
AutoCAD
48
. layer . . block. 2.7.6 Wblock Command Line : wblock Menu : - Toolbar : - Ribbon : - wblock dwg blocks. blocks dwg. block, block . . .
2.19 Write Block
AutoCAD
49
Source dwg . Block block . , Base point Objects. Entire drawing . , Base point Objects. Objects Base point Objects. . Select objects . Base point . Pick point , . X : Y : Z : z. Object . Select objects block Quick select Quick Select, Retain , , . Convert to block , , block. Delete , , . Destination , block File name and path
AutoCAD
50
. Insert units block 2.7.7 (xrefs) xrefs (external reference) . . . . . .
, . . excel. . xref : , : INSERT-->RNAL REFERENCE . . Reference Type = Attachment Path= Full path, . .
3. 3.1 , , . AutoCAD . , , . 3.2 3.2.1 ASCII, (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) , , pull-down , , .
acad.mnu. : 1. 2. (shortcut key). 3. tooltips ( ). 4. . 5. , , acad.mnu , .
: () (aux menus) . () (button menus) . () (pop menus) . () (image menus) . () (screen menus) S. () (tablet menus) . (pop) (image) ( ) - .
52
3.2.2 (POP) pop . pull-down menu AutoCAD . AutoCAD . . ASCII text file ( ), (menugroup=xxxx), ( . POPn ( n 1~499) pull-down. , ASCII, (***). // . ( ) AutoCAD ^C^C_ ASCII. : ^C^C_ AutoCAD , : ***MENUGROUP=CIRCLES ***POP13 //Creates circles with rad 1, 2, 3 Circle-1 [Radius-1 ]^C^C_circle \1 Circle-2 [Radius-2 ]^C^C_circle \2 Circle-3 [Radius-3 ]^C^C_circle \3 - . . , Circle-2 circle \2 AutoCAD 2mm , , ( , ). ... (;) . ^C^C_ AutoCAD; AutoCAD
53
. . : Line [Line]line : Line, : [Line], (menu macro) line, LINE. 3.2.3 (IMAGE) To IMAGE , , -blocks . , , ASCII . IMAGE . POP. - - -. directory . 2.6.4 C:\electrical. , : ***IMAGE **IMAGE_GEOMETRY [Geometry Symbols] [square,Square symbol]^C^C-INSERT square;scale;1; [circle,Circle symbol]^C^C-INSERT circle;scale;1; [triangle,Triangle symbol]^C^C-INSERT triangle;scale;1; AutoCAD , blocks, . , . . , scale, AutoCAD . .
54
1:1 ( ). (rotate) . . . 3.2.4 . drop-down . -links . , (layers) 2. . IMAGE . . ASCII $I. : ***POP16 [Electrical Symbols] [Electrical Diagram...]$I=electrical.image_diagram $I=* drop-down, Electrical Symbols, ( Electrical Diagram) IMAGE : image_diagram electrical **. . AutoLISP LISP ( XLISP) AutoCad.
55
3.3 : ***MENUGROUP=electrical ***POP16 [Electrical Symbols] [Electrical Diagram...]$I=electrical.image_diagram $I=* [Socket outlet...]$I=electrical.image_sockets $I=* [Lighting...]$I=electrical.image_lighting $I=* [Switching...]$I=electrical.image_switching $I=* [Equipment...]$I=electrical.image_equipment $I=* [Symbols for weak current...]$I=electrical.image_weak $I=*
***TOOLBARS ***IMAGE
56
**IMAGE_DIAGRAM [Electrical Diagram Symbols] [metritis,Watt-hour meter]^C^C-INSERT metritis;scale;1; [con_point,Connection point]^C^C-INSERT con_point;scale;1; [terminal,Terminal point]^C^C-INSERT terminal;scale;1; [pinakas,Main Distrbution Board]^C^C-INSERT pinakas;scale;1; [Fuse,Fuse]^C^C-INSERT Fuse;scale;1; [tripli_grammi,3-pole line]^C^C-INSERT tripli_grammi;scale;1; [tripli_grammi_where,3-pole line place]^C^C-INSERT tripli_grammi_where;scale;1; [trofodotisi,Power feeding up]^C^C-INSERT trofodotisi;scale;1; [trofodotisi2,Power feeding down]^C^C-INSERT trofodotisi2;scale;1; [transformer,Transformer]^C^C-INSERT transformer;scale;1; [transformer2,Transformer polygr.]^C^C-INSERT transformer2;scale;1; [battery,Battery]^C^C-INSERT battery;scale;1; [capacitor,capacitor]^C^C-INSERT capacitor;scale;1; [motor,Motor]^C^C-INSERT motor;scale;1; [generator,Generator]^C^C-INSERT generator;scale;1; [earth,General earth]^C^C-INSERT earth;scale;1; [earthing,Earthing]^C^C-INSERT earthing;scale;1; [earth_tube,Earth on tubes]^C^C-INSERT earth_tube;scale;1; [earth_plaka,Earthing plate]^C^C-INSERT earth_plaka;scale;1; [earth_tainia,Earthing film]^C^C-INSERT earth_film;scale;1;
57
**IMAGE_SOCKETS [Electrical Socket Outlet Symbols] [sockne,Socket]^C^C-INSERT sockne;scale;1; [sockwe,Socket earthed]^C^C-INSERT sockwe;scale;1; [sock2ne,Socket dbl]^C^C-INSERT sock2ne;scale;1; [sock2we,Socket dbl earthed]^C^C-INSERT sock2we;scale;1; [sock3ne,Socket trpl earthed]^C^C-INSERT sock3ne;scale;1; [sock3we,Socket trpl earthed]^C^C-INSERT sock3we;scale;1; [sockwe3f,Socket earthed 3ph]^C^C-INSERT sockwe3f;scale;1; [socknews,Socket switched old]^C^C-INSERT socknews;scale;1; [socktv,Socket for TV]^C^C-INSERT socktv;scale;1; [socktel,Telephone outlet]^C^C-INSERT socktel;scale;1; [sockwt,Socket with tranformer]^C^C-INSERT sockwt;scale;1; [sockwews,Socket earthed switched old]^C^C-INSERT sockwews;scale;1; [Socket_shutter,Socket with shutter]^C^C-INSERT Socket_shutter;scale;1; [Socket_switch_new,Socket switched]^C^C-INSERT Socket_switch_new;scale;1; [Socket_switch_earth_new,Socket earthed switched]^C^C-INSERT Socket_switch_earth_new;scale;1; [Socket_dbl_switch_earth_new,Socket dbl earthed switched]^C^C-INSERT Socket_dbl_switch_earth_new;scale;1; [Socket_TV_new,TV outlet]^C^C-INSERT Socket_TV_new;scale;1; [Socket_TEL_new,Telephone outlet]^C^C-INSERT Socket_TEL_new;scale;1; [sock_ant_bs,TV outlet-old]^C^C-INSERT sock_ant_bs;scale;1; [sock_tel_bs,Telephone outlet-old]^C^C-INSERT sock_tel_bs;scale;1;
58
**IMAGE_LIGHTING [Electrical Lighting Symbols] [fot_simeio,Simple light]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio;scale;1; [fot_simeio_gen,General light]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_gen;scale;1; [fot_simeio_wall,Simple light on wall]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_wall;scale;1; [fot_simeio_2kykl,Light with 2 circuit]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_2kykl;scale;1; [fot_simeio_2kykl_1anagk,Light of 2 circuit 1-emerg.]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_2kykl_1anagk;scale;1; [fot_simeio_diak,Light with switch]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_diak;scale;1; [fot_simeio_steg,Light water resist.]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_steg;scale;1; [fthorism_gen,Light fluorescent]^C^C-INSERT fthorism_gen;scale;1; [fthorism_dbl,Light fluorescent double]^C^C-INSERT fthorism_dbl;scale;1; [flood_light,Flood light]^C^C-INSERT flood_light;scale;1; [projector,Projector]^C^C-INSERT projector;scale;1; [spot_light,Spot light]^C^C-INSERT spot_light;scale;1; [fot_simeio_steg_old,Waterproof light old]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_steg_old;scale;1; [fot_simeio_metav_tasis,Light with chang. volt.]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_metav_tasis;scale;1; [fot_simeio_danger,Emergency light]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_danger;scale;1; [fot_simeio_safety,Safety light]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_safety;scale;1; [fot_simeio_panikou,Panic light]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_panikou;scale;1; [fot_simeio_toix_bs,Wall light-BSI]^C^C-INSERT fot_simeio_toix_bs;scale;1; [provol_bs,Flood light-old]^C^C-INSERT provol_bs;scale;1; [discharge_lamp,Discharge lamp]^C^C-INSERT discharge_lamp;scale;1;
59
**IMAGE_SWITCHING [Electrical Switching Symbols] [switch,Simple switch]^C^C-INSERT switch;scale;1; [switchaleretur,Switch ale-retur]^C^C-INSERT switchaleretur;scale;1; [switchdbl,2 pole switch]^C^C-INSERT switchdbl;scale;1; [switchdiad,Multiposition switch]^C^C-INSERT switchdiad;scale;1; [switchendiam,Intermediate switch]^C^C-INSERT switchendiam;scale;1; [switchepil,Choosing switch]^C^C-INSERT switchepil;scale;1; [switchmpout,Button switch]^C^C-INSERT switchmpout;scale;1; [switchmpoutml,Button switch with lamp]^C^C-INSERT switchmpoutml;scale;1; [switch_light_fuse,2 pole Switch Fused with lamp]^C^C-INSERT switch_light_fuse;scale;1; [switchtrav,Pull switch]^C^C-INSERT switchtrav;scale;1; [switch_dimmer,Dimmer switch]^C^C-INSERT switch_dimmer;scale;1; [switch_bs,Simple switch-old]^C^C-INSERT switch_bs;scale;1; [switch_2_bs,Ale-retur switch-old]^C^C-INSERT switch_2_bs;scale;1; [switch_3_bs,Intermediate switch-old]^C^C-INSERT switch_3_bs;scale;1; [aut_button,Button automatism]^C^C-INSERT aut_button;scale;1; [aut_limit_switch,Limit switch automatism]^C^C-INSERT aut_limit_switch;scale;1; [aut_time_switch,Timer switch automatism]^C^C-INSERT aut_time_switch;scale;1; [mcb,MCB]^C^C-INSERT mcb;scale;1; [rcd,RCD]^C^C-INSERT rcd;scale;1; [relay,General relay]^C^C-INSERT relay;scale;1;
60
**IMAGE_EQUIPMENT [Electrical Equipment Symbols] [aircond,Air-condition]^C^C-INSERT aircond;scale;1; [eksaerist,Excaust-fan]^C^C-INSERT eksaerist;scale;1; [mageirio,Cooker]^C^C-INSERT mageirio;scale;1; [mageirio4,Cooker2]^C^C-INSERT mageirio4;scale;1; [microwv,Microwave oven]^C^C-INSERT microwv;scale;1; [plintirio,Washing machine]^C^C-INSERT plintirio;scale;1; [plintirio_piat,Dish-washer]^C^C-INSERT plintirio_piat;scale;1; [psigeio,Refridgerator]^C^C-INSERT psigeio;scale;1; [siskeyi,General equipm.]^C^C-INSERT siskeyi;scale;1; [siskeyi_d,Equipment with switch]^C^C-INSERT siskeyi_d;scale;1; [thermans,Thermal]^C^C-INSERT thermans;scale;1; [thermosif,Water-boiler]^C^C-INSERT thermosif;scale;1; [fortio_bs,General Fixed unit-old]^C^C-INSERT fortio_bs;scale;1; [grill,Grill]^C^C-INSERT grill;scale;1; [stegnotirio,Cloth dryer]^C^C-INSERT stegnotirio;scale;1; [estia_therm,Thermal point]^C^C-INSERT estia_therm;scale;1; [thermosyssoreytis,Thermal accumulator]^C^C-INSERT thermosyssoreytis;scale;1; [aerotherm,Fan heater]^C^C-INSERT aerotherm;scale;1; [water_heater,Water heater]^C^C-INSERT water_heater;scale;1; [fan,Electric fan]^C^C-INSERT fan;scale;1;
61
**IMAGE_WEAK [Symbols for weak current installations] [bell_pref,Bell]^C^C-INSERT bell_pref;scale;1; [buzzer,Buzzer]^C^C-INSERT buzzer;scale;1; [horn,Horn]^C^C-INSERT horn;scale;1; [micrph,Microphone]^C^C-INSERT micrph;scale;1; [loudsp,Loudspeaker]^C^C-INSERT loudsp;scale;1; [antenna_TV,TV antenna]^C^C-INSERT antenna_TV;scale;1; [antenna,Antenna for radio]^C^C-INSERT antenna;scale;1; [time_switch,Timer switch]^C^C-INSERT time_switch;scale;1; [mpoutonier,Entrance buttons board]^C^C-INSERT mpoutonier;scale;1; [el_lock,Electric locker]^C^C-INSERT el_lock;scale;1; [entr_phone,Entry phone]^C^C-INSERT entr_phone;scale;1; [katan_phone,Telephone distribution board]^C^C-INSERT katan_phone;scale;1; [mixer_antenna,TV antenna mixer]^C^C-INSERT mixer_antenna;scale;1; [splitter_tv,TV antenna splitter]^C^C-INSERT splitter_tv;scale;1; [amplifier,General amplifier]^C^C-INSERT amplifier;scale;1; [fire_annunciator,Fire annunciator]^C^C-INSERT fire_annunciator;scale;1; [annunciator,Annunciator]^C^C-INSERT annunciator;scale;1; [whistle,Electrical whistle]^C^C-INSERT whistle;scale;1; [siren,Electrical siren]^C^C-INSERT siren;scale;1; [lighting_rod,Lightning rod]^C^C-INSERT lighting_rod;scale;1;
62
**IMAGE_SYSTEMS [Security systems installation] [heat_detector,Heat detector]^C^C-INSERT heat_detector;scale;1; [smoke_detector,Smoke detector]^C^C-INSERT smoke_detector;scale;1; [flame_detector,Flame detector]^C^C-INSERT flame_detector;scale;1; [gas_detector,Gas detector]^C^C-INSERT gas_detector;scale;1; [beam_detector,Beam detector]^C^C-INSERT beam_detector;scale;1; [brake_glass,Brake Glass]^C^C-INSERT brake_glass;scale;1; [cctv,cctv camera]^C^C-INSERT cctv;scale;1; [cctv_pc,cctv monitor]^C^C-INSERT cctv_pc;scale;1; [cctv_key,cctv keypad]^C^C-INSERT cctv_key;scale;1; [burglar_tapets,Wallpaper alarm]^C^C-INSERT burglar_tapets;scale;1; [burglar_tzami,Window alarm]^C^C-INSERT burglar_tzami;scale;1; [burglar_dilotis,Burglar keypad]^C^C-INSERT burglar_dilotis;scale;1; [burglar_magn,Burglar magnet]^C^C-INSERT burglar_magn;scale;1; [burglar_elock,Electromech switch]^C^C-INSERT burglar_elock;scale;1; [burglar_panel,Alarm Panel]^C^C-INSERT burglar_panel;scale;1; [burglar_dialler,Auto dialler]^C^C-INSERT burglar_dialler;scale;1; [burglar_diglock,Digital locker]^C^C-INSERT burglar_diglock;scale;1; [burglar_optalarm,Optical alarm]^C^C-INSERT burglar_optalarm;scale;1; [burglar_lock,Locker switch]^C^C-INSERT burglar_lock;scale;1; [burglar_pir,Passive Infrared]^C^C-INSERT burglar_pir;scale;1;
63
3.4 (format) . (extension) . .doc word. , AutoCAD .mns . . .mns AutoCAD . . elec.mns. 3.5 AutoCAD . MENULOAD . menuload :
64
3.1 AutoCAD
Browse ( C:\electrical). OK Load (Menu Groups). () Menu Bar :
65
3.2
drop-down electrical ( ) , (Electrical Symbols) . Help Help. Insert, , Menu Bar .. Close - . - . . .
66
3.6 - 3.6.1 AutoCAD . , , , slide . (slides) AutoCAD OPTIONS AutoCAD . block. block AutoCAD electrical ; . . . 3.6.2 OPTIONS OPTIONS AutoCAD. preferences 14 config 14 . Tools ( ) . (preferences config) op. OPTIONS :
67
3.3 OPTIONS Files () (Support File Search Path) :
68
3.4: Files . Add . (C:\electrical) Browse . Apply OPTIONS . Electrical Symbols :
69
3.5 -
3.7 . , (double click) AutoCAD . (cursor) . (. 3.6). . ( 1 ). (base point) , , .
70
3.6 ,
4. 4.1 . . . , , , . 4.2 4.2.1 1912 , . , 1932, .... . . 1955 .... 1952. 1966 1989 .
1979 1987 , , . 1996 -82 .
1966 IEC-364, HD-384 CENELEC -384 . 4.2.2 27 2004 .7.5/1816/88 (...) D 384 . 6 , (2) . '
72
(....) D 384. D 384 . 5 2004 470 . 5 2006 HD 384 . , (CENELEC) , , , . 4.3 4.3.1 , HD 384 , . HD-384 168 . , 175 . () : 1 : (, ) 2 : (
) 3 :
4 : (
, ) 5 :
( , , , )
6 : 7 :
4.3.2 - 1000 V AC 1500 V DC: ,
73
(1-5) .
: (.. ) (
)
. 4.4 ...., . .
" HD-384 " .... :
.
, .
SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) PELV (Protective Extra Low Voltage).
.
.
.
( ) .
74
, 50/12081/642 26/07/2006 50/12081/642 26/07/06 , . , , . , . 4.5 4.5.1. ....
.
.
, (, , , ).
.
. ,
.
.
. .
.... , , .
, . .
, ... .
75
.
4.5.2. ....
(RCD Residual Current Device) :
.
.
, &
(.. , )
(SELV & PELV).
.
(.. ).
.
.
. 4.5.3.
, , .
(.. ).
, , 0,4 ().
, , ( )
76
.
.
, , , , .
, , .
. . 4.6 . . . . . . . .
5. 5.1 , , , . , , . . , , . BS 7671 HD 384 . , , . . 5.2 5.2.1 (, , ) . (, , ) . 5.2.2 ( ) , . . (, , ). .
78
, (scale) . , , 1:50. ( , ) . AutoCAD 1:50. . (frame) AutoCAD . 1:100 - 4 3 . . AutoCAD ( ) . . , , ( , ), , , . BS61082 1/16 -. 5.2.3 - - . . , , . . (, ) , .
79
. 5.2.4 , . . - . . 5.3 5.3.1 . 61082 BS 5070 DIN 18022. - . . ( , ). . 5.3.2 :
80
4.1
81
5.3.3 AutoCAD file-open . AutoCAD. copy selection . . : . (.. ) . . . () . . (ring main). . - (, , ..) . . . 5.3.4 BS 61082-1:2006 . . L1, L2 , S1, S2 , P1, P2 . ( ). . .
82
94. 5.3.5 layers AutoCAD . . AutoCAD (layers). layers - . layers o AutoCAD .
4.2 AutoCAD layers layers file plot AutoCAD .
83
5.4 . AutoCAD AutoCAD. , 2 3, .
. . AutoCAD . . :
1. .
2.
AutoCAD .
3.
AutoCAD, .
85
. . . . . , , , . . . . . . , , . AutoCAD . . . .
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
AutoCAD
94
95
96
Summary In this final degree project we dealt with the creation of libraries in AutoCAD software that contains in teams the electrical symbols that should be used today in the electrical drawings from all that they are involved with the subject. Importance has that the electrical symbols that have been used have been based on international common standards, which each country will be supposed to use.
In the first chapter we will deal with the standardization that is in effect and followingly the electrical symbols that will be used. In the second chapter we will describe the environment of the AutoCAD program and the facilities that it provides for us so that we can work in this environment and manufacture the symbols that we followingly located in the first chapter, next becomes extensive report of commands that will be used and also other general operations of AutoCAD. In the third chapter will become in detail description for how we create a library in AutoCAD and the way that we import the symbols that we learned already to draw with the commands of second chapter. In the fourth chapter we have made retrospection in the laws and regulations that were in effect for the electric installations and followingly are recorded the new regulations that are in effect today as well as the basic changes that became in previous for their modernization. Finally in the fifth chapter we will describe the applications of library that we made, drawing a formal internal electric installation base of laws, regulations and models that we developed in the fourth chapter and using the libraries that we created in the third chapter.
It should it is reported that the all process became probably in environment AutoCAD of publication 2004 on this older or even newer publications of the software has small differences from those that are described.
97
1. -60617 : , 1999. ( -60617 : Graphical symbols for diagrams, CENELEC 1996.
2. AutoCAD 2004, . ,
2003.
3. Mastering AutoCAD 14, George Omura, CYBEX 1997.
4. & (), . , 2002.
5. -
, . . , 2004.
6. , ,
2001.
7. & ,
., 1992.
8. HD-384 : , 2004.
9. BS-7671 : Requirements for electrical installations-
IEE wiring regulations 16th edition, 2001-2004.
10. , , 2008.
11. -
, , ..., 4-5 1997, , 1998.
12. HD 384 -
, 2004.
13. . ( .), Gunter Seip, 2000. , 2004.
14. , , , 1988.
98
15. - HD384, . . , 2006.
16. , ,
1992.
17. , , 2001.
18. EIB/KNX
(2 ), , 2001.
19. HD 384 ,
() ...., , , .182, 2007.
20. :
: Requirements for electrical installations-IEE wiring regulations 16th edition, 2008.
: Requirements for electrical installations-IEE wiring regulations 16th edition, 2008.
HD384, 2009.
New requirements according to the new standard: Requirements for electrical installations-IEE wiring regulations 17th edition, 2006.
21. :
a. http://www.cadtutor.net : on-line AutoCAD.
b. http://www.cadlab.gr/ : Autodesk.
c. http://www.autodesk.com : AutoCAD.
d. http://www.iso.org :