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From the economic perspective, public finance mainly concerned with government activities and the associated economic effects It is typically to divide questions into two categories:Expenditure side: What the government should do or are doingRevenue side: How to pay for those activitiesFor our purpose today, well focus on a narrower perspective of public financegovernment finance.I hope youll soon agree with me that such a dichotomy is actually the source of many of the main issues in public finance

1970198088.473.1199064.369.4200355.6%60.0%20062007200870.3%73.6%73.0%20092010201155.5%61.0%57.4

OECD (2010)20072008200920102011106.4 105.9 91.8 95.0 98.4 92.9 89.7 84.7 87.0 86.9 90.6 88.5 82.9 85.1 86.1 92.6 87.1 77.2 83.3 85.6 86.3 87.7 84.2 83.1 84.2 90.3 88.2 80.2 82.8 82.5 96.3 92.7 82.1 82.6 83.4 85.8 86.2 80.5 80.0 83.4 83.0 81.6 74.8 75.7 78.9 85.6 85.0 74.4 75.7 - 83.1 82.7 77.3 75.4 81.8 85.6 82.4 73.3 71.9 74.0 89.8 80.0 69.9 70.6 - 95.1 80.0 66.8 69.7 69.9 82.0 75.3 67.3 69.3 73.2 96.1 63.6 66.6 68.3 76.0 79.7 77.2 64.3 67.9 -73.6 73.0 55.5 61.0 65.2 68.6 63.6 56.5 60.0 60.2 75.5 67.2 56.4 58.2 60.3 :OECD(GDP/GDP)

(GDP) (NI) 1990 () 20%200311.7%20062007 2008 13.1%13.4% 13.9%20092010 2011 12.3%12.0% 12.9% 2011 12.9% 19.4% 13.8% 19.8% 22.8% 27.5% 26.2% 47.1% 34.3%

(2010)20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201147.6 46.8 46.7 46.8 47.9 49.7 48.6 47.9 46.8 46.7 46.6 47.1 37.9 35.3 33.7 34.4 34.9 35.8 36.0 35.0 34.9 35.2 34.1 34.3 33.7 33.6 33.2 32.6 33.7 34.4 34.8 34.0 33.3 32.5 33.3 33.6 34.4 32.6 32.5 33.6 34.9 37.5 38.2 37.6 33.9 30.9 31.1 31.7 30.0 29.8 29.0 29.3 28.5 28.1 29.7 30.3 29.6 29.4 29.5 29.5 30.8 30.6 30.4 30.1 30.5 30.9 30.6 30.0 30.1 28.7 29.4 29.8 30.2 30.0 28.9 28.1 28.3 28.8 29.6 29.2 29.0 27.4 28.2 28.8 30.8 30.2 28.4 28.3 28.3 28.2 28.5 28.3 27.6 27.1 26.3 26.2 28.4 28.1 27.4 27.0 27.4 27.8 28.0 27.5 27.3 25.8 26.3 27.5 30.4 28.9 29.8 30.0 30.3 30.0 29.6 29.7 27.1 25.8 25.6 ...24.2 24.4 24.1 23.4 23.5 25.4 25.1 25.3 24.7 24.4 24.7 ...22.8 21.9 21.3 21.3 20.8 21.0 22.0 22.9 23.1 22.9 22.0 22.8 22.1 21.2 21.4 21.0 21.0 21.3 21.3 21.2 21.6 21.9 21.4 21.5 22.4 21.9 22.4 22.0 22.8 24.0 24.9 25.2 21.0 18.8 20.1 19.7 23.8 22.5 22.2 20.5 20.2 20.8 20.9 21.3 21.0 20.0 20.0 20.9 18.8 18.8 18.8 19.3 18.4 18.9 19.7 21.0 20.7 19.7 19.3 19.8 22.6 21.5 19.2 18.7 19.0 20.5 21.3 21.4 19.7 17.7 18.5 19.4 17.3 17.0 15.9 15.5 16.2 17.2 17.8 18.1 17.4 15.9 16.3 ...15.5 16.0 13.2 12.4 11.9 12.1 12.4 13.5 13.9 12.8 12.9 13.8 12.8 12.7 11.8 11.7 12.2 13.4 13.1 13.4 13.9 12.3 12.0 12.9 :101

0.4 0.35 ( 20% ) 20 20 2001 2001 2007 2009

101

19965.380.31719975.410.32019985.510.32419995.500.32520005.550.32620016.390.35020026.160.34520036.070.34320046.030.33820056.040.34020066.010.33920075.980.34020086.050.34120096.340.34520106.190.34220116.170.342

101

(1)=(1)+(2)(2)19996.47-0.82-0.15-0.975.5020006.57-0.88-0.14-1.025.5520017.67-1.13-0.15-1.286.3920027.47-1.18-0.13-1.316.1620037.32-1.12-0.12-1.246.0720047.41-1.24-0.15-1.396.0320057.45-1.26-0.15-1.416.0420067.45-1.29-0.15-1.456.0120077.52-1.40-0.14-1.545.9820087.73-1.53-0.16-1.696.0520098.22-1.75-0.13-1.886.3420107.72 -1.42 -0.11 -1.53 6.19 20117.75 -1.43 -0.16 -1.59 6.17 20127.70 -1.42 -0.16 -1.58 6.13

97 0.7 4 40 46.8 7 6.5 418 6 7 :(=>)?? =?

20 GDP 2.08 18.7 103 1 5 4,250 3 GNP 38.7 102 7 1 0 8,415 4 6,784 15 5,199 1

10 GDP 2.66%20 10% 22% 5% 6% 9%(2013-06-06; ) 1 10 1,900 (2013-06-06; ) (2013-06-06; )

20131120 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Economics_Gini_coefficient2.svg

; %

(1)(2)=(1)(2)GDP19992,700,4503,810,11570.88%48.23%20002,844,4794,040,53470.40%48.06%20012,830,5893,993,37870.88%48.33%20022,766,9153,732,99774.12%46.18%20032,846,6773,762,74975.65%46.24%20043,023,6053,987,58775.83%45.74%20053,097,9744,201,53973.73%46.22%20063,151,5014,298,72073.31%46.55%20073,325,1554,596,69272.34%45.55%20083,386,9114,768,90471.14%47.06%20093,182,2684,247,98874.92%45.73%20103,451,3024,601,85775.00%44.55%

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