www.eCAIMAN.eu
Boschidar Ganev, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology
Joint EC & EGVIA workshop for advanced automotive batteries research
European projects’ contributions to the key user requirements
12th October 2016
Objectives
The objective of eCAIMAN is to bring European expertise together to
develop an automotive battery cell that meets the following demands:
energy density of 270 Wh/kg
cost of 200€/kWh
can be produced in Europe
224.10.2016
Call: H2020-GV-2014 / Topic: GV-1-2014
Total budget: €6.2m
Duration: 05/2014 – 04/2018 | 36 months
Addressing user requirements
User requirement eCAIMAN
Range, cost • Material characteristics / optimisation of
the electrochemistry
• Flexible module design
Competitiveness • Materials development from a strong
European industrial base
• Scale-up manufacturing on industrial
scale
• Investigation of vehicle integration
Safety, reliability,
Durability,
recyclabiltiy
• Modeling of ageing mechanism
• Greener (aqueous) chemistry
• LCA
Development of test
procedures and
standards
• Update current regulations and standards
for high-voltage batteries
• Coordination with other GV1 projects
324.10.2016
Project Approach
524.10.2016
Development of
Active Cell
Components (WP1-3)
Cell Harmonization,
Electrode
Engineering (WP4)
Proof of Concept:
Module Design &
Peripheries (WP5)
Cathode
Anode
Electrolyte
Industrialise 5V spinel cathode material
Industrialise high-capacity anode material
Industrialise a stable high-voltage electrolyte
Testing, Evaluation
and LCA/LCC (WP6)
Large-scale automative
cells production applying
eCAIMAN materials and
technology
Investigate integration into
light, passenger and heavy
duty vehicles
BMS/electronics update for
high-voltage concept
Validate safety & reliability of the cells
Update current regulations and
standards for high-voltage batteries –
aim for int‘l standardization
Assess economic/ecological aspects
by LCC/LCA
Step 1: Test different synthesis strategies to produce 5V spinel
3 promising strategies selected by 3 partners :
Coprecipitation Sol-gel
Step 2: Influence of doping/substitution Step 3: Influence of surface treatment
LiNixMnyMzO4
(M: Al, Mg, Cr,
Fe…)
Goal: make a 5 V spinel
with a very stable structure
upon cycling
LiNixMnyMzO4
(M: Al, Mg, Cr,
Fe…)
Surface treatment based on Al, Mg, Fe…
Goal: protect the 5V spinel
surface from the electrolyte
Step 4: Materials characterization and selection
Electrochemical evaluation, XRD,
SEM, tapped density …Selection of the most promising
material
Step 5: Up-scaling of the most promising material
Mate
riald
ev
elo
pm
en
tM
ate
rial
sele
ctio
n
Mate
rial
pro
du
ctio
nThe most promising material will be scaled-up (pilot scale)
Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis
Cathode
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Cap
acit
y (m
Ah
/g)
Cycle Index
900 °C 950 °C 1000 °C
Some promising results
Different LMNO morphologies were produced during step 1 Good electrochemical performances were
obtained after step 1,2 and 3
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
0 50 100 150
Vo
ltag
e (
V)
Capacity (mAh/g)
Charge
Discharge
133 mAh/g at C/10
Coin cell
Anode : Li metal
Electrolyte : LP100
Cathode : 80 % Spinel (~ 4-5
mg); 10 % SuperP;10 %
PVDF
2 cycles at C/10 and then at 1C
Future challenges
Obtain 10 Kg of optimized LMNO material at
pilot scale with performance similar to that of
the lab scale.
24/10/20168
SnO2 as alternative
anode
Activities on preparation of
electrodes
Activities on modified synthetic
graphite to be processed with
aqueous binders
1. Actilion 2
2. Advanced graphite
characterization
1. Increase of conductivity
of commercial samples
Preparation of anode tapes for
electrochemical testing
2. Production of
nanoparticles
characterization
Anode
Electrochemical performance of carbon with aqueous binder
Slurry Composition (% w/w):
96.5 %: Carbon (Imerys)
0.5% : Carbon Black (Imerys G&C C45)
3%: CMC + SBR (in H2O)
Test Cycles:
1 cycle C/20
3 cycles C/10
3 cycles C/5
3 cycles 1C
3 cycle C/10
Voltage Range: 0.02 – 1.2 V
Electrolyte: Arkema
924/10/2016
C_Imerys_CMC+SBR_CG1
The C produced by Imerys performs very well in electrodes produced with aqueous binders.
New synthesis have been tuned with ecofriendly process
Cell harmonization and electrode engineering
Objective: Find a solution to optimize the electrochemical performance of the active materials
developed in WPs 1, 2, 3 on full cell level.
Optimize inactive components: binders, conductive additives, separators as well as current
collectors.
Optimize formulations and process parameters for slurry and electrode.
Develop advanced methodologies for in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms at
surfaces/interfaces in lithium ion batteries.
Modeling materials’ interactions in porous electrodes in different electrochemical processes to
support the experiments.
Developing a short loop evaluation protocol for upgrading active and inactive components in
LIB.
1024/10/2016
WP1: Cathode active
material
WP2: Advanced anode
composite
WP3: High voltage
electrolyte
WP4: CELL HARMONIZATION
WP5: Proof-of-
concept:
Module design
& peripheries
Results and progress towards objectives
Multiscale modelling of electrode
materials and electrode-electrolyte
interface in 5V-LIB
Electrode engineering: formulation,
slurry and electrode coating process
optimisation
Full cell harmonisation
Using DFT+U theory: preliminary
calculations for spinel structure; ordered
and disordered (ongoing). Introduce
dopant atoms.
Graphite anodes from aqueous slurries
optimised
LNMO slurry mixing and coating process
adjustment for homogeneous electrodes
with different active material particle
morphologies
Electrode compatibility with 5V-
electrolytes
1124.10.2016
Electrode optimisations
Graphite anode aqueous slurry
optimisation
Rheological studies with change of
component percentage formulation and
different CMC & SBR binders
Calendaring: density optimisation
5V-spinel LNMO slurry & cathode
optimisation
Slurry mixing and coating process
adjustment for homogeneous
electrodes
Formulation: LNMO/C65/PVdF = 90/5/5
Different mixing procedures drying T and
calendering
1224.10.2016
Shear thinning,
stable slurry and
optimal coating and
electrode
performance
achieved for 94%
graphite
formulation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0,1 1,0 10,0
Spe
cifi
c ca
pac
ity
/ m
Ah
.g-1
LNM
O
Log C-rate
Uncalendered
2,0 g/cm3
2,5 g/cm3
As coated 1.0g/cc
Cal. 2.5g/cc
Densification
critical for cathode
performance
Full cell harmonisation
Anode/Cathode compatibility with 5V electrolyte formulations
13
Electrolyte formulations
Conventional
Ref1 - FEC
eCAIMAN1
Electrolyte side-reaction on
graphite anode @ >1C charge
Electrolyte
(additives) for 5V
spinel from WP3
Challenges:-LNMO/electrolyte surface reactivity gas
formation, Mn disolution & cell degradation
- Avoid electrolyte side-reaction on graphite
anode
State of workMaterials development, cell
harmonization, electrode
engineering
Cathode
3 parallel material development routes
pursued
Materials currently being compared
selection cells/module
Anode
2 development routes pursued (modified
graphite+aqueous binder; SnO2)
Graphite selected
Electrolyte
Gen1 with optimized additives developed
& selected
Cell harmonization
Anode and cathode optimized
(formulation, inactive components,
density)
Electrode compatibility with 5V
electrolytes
Module design, testing/evaluation;
Dissemination
Module design
Electrical requirements
Further inputs based on final cells
Module testing:
Review of existing standards
Share testing procedures with GV1 proj.
DoE in progress
Dissemination: Joint dissemination
activities envisaged with other GV1
projects
1424.10.2016
eCAIMAN FIVEVB SPICYTowards E-mobility via Advanced Li-ion cell technology Development
Horizon 2020 GV-1-2014 call
The challengeIt is important that next generations of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles incorporate basic electric components,
such as electric batteries and their constituent components, that are manufactured in Europe. This is not the case for
the first generation of these vehicles that incorporate non-European battery technologies. The challenge to be
addressed is the development of new materials, facilities and technologies for advanced Li-ion batteries to support
the development of a strong European industrial base in this field.
The missionResearch and innovation activities will bring European industry to a stronger position on the world market making it
possible to launch new production in Europe while at the same time addressing the shortcomings of electric cars as
compared to conventional cars (e.g. cost and weight reduction, safety, reliability, longevity and fitness for charging
under real world conditions). The proposed solutions should demonstrate industrial scale prototypes improving cell-
level energy densities by at least 20%, and costs by 20%, with respect to the best cell chemistries currently on the
market.
Electrolyte, Cathode and
Anode Improvements for
Market-near Next-
generation Lithium Ion
Batteries
Lithium Ion Batteries with
Silicon Anodes produced
for Next Generation
Electric Vehicles
Silicon and polyanionic
chemistries and
architectures of Li-ion
cell for high energy
battery
www.ecaiman.eu www.fivevb.eu www.spicy-project.eu
These projects have received funding form the
European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Horizon 2020 GV-1-2014
16
Thank you for
your attention!
16
Boschidar Ganev
Co-funded by the European Union