+
Chapter 6The Revolution Within
+Democratizing Freedom
The Dream of Equality Three levels:
Struggle for National Independence Phase in a century long battle among European empires
Conflict over what kind of nation an independent America would be!
Revolution’s Leaders: American elite and though the lower classes did not seize power Idea of Freedom became a revolutionary rallying cry
+Democratizing Freedom
Expanding the Political Nation Meanings of Democracy:
Aristotle* Entire people governed directly
Condition of primitive societies Government served the interests of the people rather than the elite
In the wake of the American Revolution, Democracy came to mean greater equality inspired by the struggle fro independence!
Pg. 223. GML*
+Democratizing Freedom
The Revolution in Pennsylvania Different in PA than any other state! Almost all leadership was OPPOSED to revolution! Attacked barriers to freedom
Property qualifications for voting One- house legislature Abolished the governors office! Freedom of speech, writing and religious liberty
New State Constitutions!
+Democratizing Freedom
The Right to Vote
Democratizing Government
+Toward Religious Toleration
Catholic Americans
+Toward Religious Toleration
The Founders and Religion
Separating Church and State
+Toward Religious Toleration
Jefferson and Religious Liberty
+Toward Religious Toleration
The Revolution and the Churches
A Virtuous Citizenry
+Defining Economic Freedom
Toward Free Labor
The Soul of a Republic
+Defining Economic Freedom
The Politics of Inflation
The Debate over Free Trade
+The Limits of Liberty
Colonial Loyalists
The Loyalists’ Plight
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyMap 6.1 Loyalism in The American Revolution
+The Limits of Liberty
The Indians’ Revolution
White Freedom, Indian Freedom
+Warm Up10.8.14
How did the Revolution diminish the freedoms of Native Americans?
+Slavery and the Revolution
African Americans = opportunity to claim freedom!
1776: Slave population = 500, 000 (1/5 of pop) Contradiction of Revolution:
Patriotic newspapers contained arguments against the Stamp Act and slave sale notices in same issue!
The Language of Slavery and Freedom Other than liberty, slavery was word used most often in political writings of the time
+
Obstacles to Abolition Slavery is entrenched in the colonies Nearly every founding father owned slaves at some point
Jefferson +100 slaves
John Locke & the idea of political community Used to defend bondage Gov’t cannot interfere with freedom to self-govern or seize property – including slave property
“If government by the consent of the governed formed the essence of political freedom, then to require owners to give up their slave property would reduce them to slavery.” – GML pg 240
+Slavery and the Revolution
The Cause of General Liberty Revolution leads to questions re: slavery Emerged as a subject of public debate
Petitions for Freedom Many slaves realized the revolutionaries definition of liberty opened door to challenge slave status.
1770s, enslaved blacks in New England petitioned courts and legislatures asking Americans fighting English tyranny to end American tyranny against slaves
In addition, the war offered opportunity to escape
+Slavery and the Revolution
British Emancipators Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation Phillipsburgh Proclamation All told, nearly 100, 000 slaves escaped to British lines
Voluntary Emancipations The Revolution momentarily seemed to threaten the perpetuation of slavery.
In the 1780s, a significant number of slaveholders, especially in Virginia and Maryland, emancipated their slaves. This happened only very rarely in the other southern states.
+Slavery and the Revolution
Abolition in the North
Free Black Communities
+Warm Up10.15.13
Please answer the following question in your binder:
How did the American Revolution affect the status of women?
+Agenda10.15.13 Announcements/ Housekeeping:
Unit 2 Exam – Next Friday, 10/2Review Sheet FRQ 1: Roll Out TOMORROW!
DUE – NEXT Wednesday, 10/23
Women & Religion and the Revolution Notes & Discussion
HW: VOF #37; Benjamin Rush & Female Education
+Daughters of Liberty
Revolutionary Women Contributed greatly to struggle for independence
Protested, made clothing, passed information, and even fought!
Abigail Adams to her husband John - “Remember the Ladies”
Gender and Politics Gender still huge boundary Most men still considered women naturally submissive or irrational
Rights flowed from roles as mothers and wives By definition, the republican citizen was male
+Daughters of Liberty Republican Motherhood
American Rev did improve status of many women Responsibility to “train” future citizens Ruled out direct participation in politics, it did encourage the expansion of
women’s educational opportunities
The Arduous Struggle for Liberty Changed ALL Americans’ lives
Right to vote expanded On other hand – Indians, Loyalists, and slaves lost freedom
Inspired other fights for national independence and social equality: French Revolution Haitian Revolution
However; the meaning of freedom within the United States continued long after independence had been won.
+Additional Art for Chapter 6
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyIn Side of the Old Lutheran Church in 1800
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAbigail Adams, a portrait by Gilbert Stuart
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Americans have frequently defined the ideaof freedom in relation to its opposite
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
John Dickinson’s copy of the Pennsylvaniaconstitution of 1776
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA 1771 image of New York City
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA draft of Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia Bill
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyEzra Stiles, the president of Yale College
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyThe Self, an engraving in The Columbian Magazine
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
View from Bushongo Tavern, an engraving fromThe Columbian Magazine,
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
A broadside printed by the extra legal Philadelphiaprice-control committee
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA 1780 British cartoon commenting on the “cruel fate”
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
A cartoon depicting a British officer buying thescalps of patriots from Indians.
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAdvertisement for newly arrived slaves
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA 1775 notice in The Massachusetts Spy
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA portrait of the poet Phillis Wheatley (1753–1784).
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyThe Book of Negroes
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAn engraving from a commemorative pitcher
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyLiberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences.
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA tray painted by an unknown artist
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyIn this painting from 1797, Deborah Sampson
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyThe 1781 cipher book
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyKeep Within Compass, a late-eighteenth-century engraving
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Portrait of John and Elizabeth Lloyd Cadwalader andTheir Daughter Anne.
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyTwo pages from A Little Pretty Pocket-Book
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAmerica Triumphant and Britannia in Distress.
Norton Lecture Slides Independent and Employee-Owned
Give Me Liberty!AN AMERICAN HISTORY
THIRD EDITION
This concludes the Norton Lecture SlidesSlide Set for Chapter 6
by
Eric Foner