Classification- putting things into groups based on shared
characteristics There have been many different ideas about how to
classify living things. Aristotle placed all organisms into 2 large
groups- plants and animals
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Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy. Taxonomy- the science of
describing, classifying, and naming living things Based on 7
hierarchical categories Simplified the naming of living things by
giving each species a two-part specific name Binomial
nomenclature
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Felis domesticus GenusSpecies In a scientific name, the first
part of the name is the organisms genus. Similar species are
grouped into one genus. Ex: Felis The second part of the name
identifies the species- a group of organisms that have similar
traits and are able to produce fertile offspring.
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Panthera tigrisPanthera leo
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Taxonomists use an eight- level system to classify living
things based on shared characteristics. The more characteristics
the organisms share, the more closely related the organisms may
be.
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Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
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Every living thing is classified into one of the 3 Domains:
1.Archea 2.Bacteria 3.Eukarya
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ARCHAEBACTERIA Unicellular prokaryotes Often live in harsh
environments some produce food by chemosynthesis (energy obtained
from places other than the sun)
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Unicellular prokaryotes Have a Cell wall and membrane Most
abundant organisms
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EUKARYOTES Complex cells; nuclei and organelles in cells Some
are unicellular Some are multicellular The domain Eukarya is
divided into 4 Kingdoms: 1. Protista 2. Fungi 3. Plantae 4.
Animalia
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One celled or Multicellular organisms that can either be plant-
like, animal like, or both Algae, Amoebas, Paramecium, Euglena
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Multicellular Cell wall Does not perform photosynthesis Absorbs
nutrients Reproduce using spores.
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Cell wall Perform photosynthesis Vascular vs. nonvascular
Flowering vs. nonflowering
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Multi-cellular organisms that lack cell walls Range from simple
to complex Invertebrates- Do not have a backbone Worms Sponges
Jelly Fish Mollusks Insects Vertebrates Have a backbone Fish
Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
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A series of descriptions arranged in pairs that can be used to
identify an unknown organism The chosen descriptions leads to
another pair of descriptions or to the identification of the
organism
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A branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms
New characteristics appear before each branch