7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
1/24
Poppy S. Winanti & Riza Noer Arfani
Business Environment: Sociology & Politics
1
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
2/24
Overview Defining Politics and Political System
Defining Politics
Political System Business Government Society Natural
Environment Relations
Intersectoral Partnerships
Business Society Nature Interface
2
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
3/24
Defining Politics
Politics is the process of who getswhat, when, and how (HaroldLasswell)
3
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
4/24
Defining Politics...contd
Power
Distributionof
Resources
Politics
4
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
5/24
Defining Politics...contd
A struggle overscarce resources,
and power can beseen as the meansthrough whichthis struggle is
conducted
Theexistence of
scarcity
The ability toachieve a
desiredoutcome
5
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
6/24
Politics as power
"Politics is the process of who gets what, when, and how."
politics = allocation
wealth
status
power
values (resources)
Politics is a process of allocating scarce values.
*Source: Masoed, n.d+
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
7/24
Political System
A network of relationships through which
government generates outputs (policies) inresponse to inputs (demands or support) fromthe general public
(Heywood, 2002)
7
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
8/24
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
Conversion
Feedback
Feedback
I
N
P
U
T
Demands
Support
Decisions
Policies
Laws
O
U
T
P
U
T
POLITICAL SYSTEM
*Source: Masoed, n.d+
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
9/24
Government Business Civil Society
[Waddell and Brown, 1997]
9
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
10/24
Intersectoral Partnerships
(Waddell-Brown)
Intersectoral
Partnerships
the state(government)
civil societythe market(business)
10
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
11/24
Government Creation and maintenance of public order and the
distribution of public goods.
State organisations include thevarious levels ofgovernment:
Bureaucracies organised often as departments orministries;
States appointed bodies such as the judiciary, regulatorboards, and councils, etc.
[Waddell and Brown, 1997]
11
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
12/24
Business The efficient production of goods and services.
Common market organisational forms:
Public corporations Private companies
Private partnership, etc.
[Waddell and Brown, 1997]
12
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
13/24
Civil Society The expression and preservation of core community
values and beliefs.
Civil society includes NGOs, peoples movements,citizens groups, consumer associations, religiousinstitutions, womens organisations, and indigenouspeoples associations.
[Waddell and Brown, 1997]
13
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
14/24
Intersectoral partnerships By joining together the sectors, a new range of
outcomes arise that are impossible for the sectorsworking independently:
Finance industry and economic development
Environmental concerns
Health and education
14
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
15/24
[Marcus, Kurucz, and Colbert, 2010]
15
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
16/24
Different conceptions
EmbeddedIntertwined
Disparate
16
[Marcus, Kurucz, and Colbert, 2010]
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
17/24
The Disparate View
Drawn primarilyfrom traditional
managementstudies and aneoclassical
economic
orientation
Society andnature are
regarded asseparable fromand peripheralto the business
system
Theindependence of
the business,societal, and
natural system
Systematicallyexcludes
consideration ofsocial and
environmentalphenomena that
cannot be
economicallyquantified
17
[Marcus, Kurucz, and Colbert, 2010]
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
18/24
The Disparate View ... Contd
B NS
18
[Marcus, Kurucz, and Colbert, 2010]
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
19/24
The intertwined view .
19
[Marcus, Kurucz, and Colbert, 2010]
Society and nature areregarded as more
centrally important andtreated in an integratedfashion with the business
system
The interests ofbusiness, society,and/or nature ascomplementary
The social andenvironmental
phenomena are seento bewithin rather
than outside theproblem domain
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
20/24
The intertwined view
20
B S
N
[Marcus, Kurucz, and Colbert, 2010]
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
21/24
The intertwined view (Contd)Business as entities with a broader range of
responsibility to society beyond thecreation of shareholder values
In management scholarship focused on theinterrelationship between social and
economic issuesCorporate SocialResponsibility(CSR)
In business natural environmentrelationssustainability/sustainable
development
21
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
22/24
The embedded view Business, society, and nature are
viewed as nested systems
Business is seen to exist within
society and society within thebroader natural environment
Innately
inter-related
Nature can be regarded as the
most important domain followedby society and then business
Both society and economyareentirelydependent on nature
Value ofhierarchy
22
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
23/24
The embedded view (Contd)
23
BS
N
7/30/2019 01-Analytical Framework 2012
24/24
Reference Heywood, A. (2002), Politics 2nd Ed, Hampshire: Palgrave.
Masoed, M. (n.d), Defining Politics and Political System, Handouts.
Marcus, J. Kurucz, E.C., and Colbert, B.A., (2010), Conceptions of theBusiness-Society-Nature Interface: Implications for ManagementScholarship, Business and Society, 49(3), pp. 402-438.
Waddell, S. and Brown, L.D., (1997), Fostering Intersectoral Partnering:A Guide to Promoting Cooperation among Government, Business, and
Civil Society Actors, Institute for Development Research Reports Vol.13, No. 3.
24