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Engineering H191
Engineering Fundamentals and Laboratory I
Lecture 02
Graphics: The Language of Design
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Objectives
Understanding graphics as a communication tool
Technical sketching
Projections
Orthographic Pictorial
Sketching hints
Lettering
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How Would You Describe This?
In teams of two, describe using only words
How effective is this approach?
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Freehand sketches
Instrument drawings
Computer drawings and models
Three Basic Types of Technical Drawings
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Introduction to Projections
Present 3-D objects with 2-D media
Two Basic Categories
Orthographic Pictorial
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Axonometric
Oblique Perspective
Projections: Four Basic Types
Orthographic
Projections
Pictorials
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Orthographic Projections
Collection of 2D drawings
Accurately represent object
Technical Graphics - Chapter 3
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Orthographic Projection
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Defining the Six
Principal Views
orOrthographic
Views
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Which Views to Present?
General Guidelines
Pick a Front View that is most descriptive ofobject
Normally the longest dimension is chosen asthe width (or depth)
Most common combination of views is to use:Front, Top, and Side View
Views other than the Principal Views are calledAuxiliary Views (see section 3.15 in theTechnical Graphics text)
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Conventional Orthographic Views
Height
Depth
Width
Front View
Top View
RightSide
View
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Hidden Lines
represent features that cannotbe seen in the current view
Centerlines
represent symmetry and mark thecenter of circles, the axes of cylinders, and the
axes of symmetrical parts, such as bolts
Hidden and Center Lines in Orthographic
Projections Object Lines represent visible features for an
object
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For Example:
1. Visible
2. Hidden
3. Center
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Front View
Right Side
View
Top View
Creating the Orthographic Projection Sketch
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Step 1 Lightly Block Three Views
Use very
light lines
for drawingin the
construction
lines
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Step 2 Lightly Block Major Features
Use very light
lines fordrawing in the
construction
lines
Holes
Arcs Cutouts
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Step 3 Refine and Locate Features
in All Views
Use very
light lines for
drawing in
the
construction
lines
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Step 4 Add Final Lines
Use very
light lines for
drawing in
the
construction
lines
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Completed Sketch
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Add Another View
Sketch the left side view of the object
Compare your view with the others at your table
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Add Another View
Does yours look something like this?
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Lettering Notes
Lettering Guidelines
See Technical Graphics: Chapter 1
Lettering Styles
Shape of characters
Order of drawing strokes of character
Character Uniformity Spacing
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Lettering Vertical Gothic Font
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Sketching Tips: General
Relax and draw in a direction comfortable to you
Mark end points of the lines to be sketched and
draw between them
Draw long lines as a series of short ones
Use grid paper when available
Follow sketching and text conventions
Do NOT use a straight edge to draw lines!
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Sketching Tips: Construction Lines
Use construction lines
Begin by drawing bounding boxes with
construction lines
Make construction lines much lighter and thinnerthan finished lines
Identify the major features and overall
dimensions
Leave construction lines on the sketch
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Sketching Tips: Miscellaneous
Do not shade the drawingthis is not pencil
sketching
Title information is required
Keep views aligned (very important)
Include centerlines on isometrics
Avoid labels on the sketch
Construct neat circles change page orientation
if needed
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Today's Assignment
Drawing 1:
Blocks of each kind of which you will sketch willbe handed out at each table.
Drawing 2:
Lettering assignment handed out in class.
An additional copy will be in your course packet
from Uniprint Cut out patterns and glue or tape together to make
three dimensional solids for visualization practice