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    TESTING & Drilling Introduction

    TESTING & DRILLINGINTRODUCTION

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    TESTING & Drilling Introduction

    Client questions: What is the size of my reservoir?

    How much will it produce?

    What fluids are going to be produce?

    Identification of produced fluids.

    Determination of reservoir

    deliverability. Data used to predict reservoir size

    Aim of Well Testing:

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    TESTING & Drilling Introduction

    Well Testing determines Production capabilitiesWell Testing determines Reservoir properties

    Well testing is the only technique that examines a significant portion

    of the reservoir under dynamic conditions.

    Accurate, long-term projections about a reservoir cannot be made

    based on wireline and others static techniques..

    Tests on oil or gas wells are performed at various stages of drilling(after open hole logging), completion and production, and for different

    purposes.

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    Data acquired when a reservoir is tested:

    Flow rates ; oil, gas, water & solids

    Pressure and Temperature , surface & bottom hole

    PVT samples of representative reservoir fluids , surfaceand bottom hole

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    Floating rigsSemi-Submersible Drillship

    Drilling Operations

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    Water Depth vs. Rig Types

    Drilling Operations

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    3 categories of well:

    Vertical

    Deviated

    Horizontal

    Drilling Operations

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    Drilling Operations

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    Rig Hoisting System

    Drilling Operations

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    Rig Floor

    Drillers console

    dog house

    draw works

    V-door ramp

    drive

    mouse hole

    rat hole

    Drilling Operations

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    TESTING & Drilling IntroductionRotating System

    Kelly & Rotary Table drill 1 joint at a time.

    Power swivel drills in stands (3 x 30/2 x 45)

    Downhole motor does not require string

    rotation.

    Drilling Operations

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    BOP stack Location

    Sea level

    Sea bed

    Ground level

    All Fixed Rigs All Floating Rigs

    Just Bellow Rig Floor

    Sea Bed

    Drilling Operations

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    Blow Out Preventers

    Main Components

    Wellhead Connector

    Pipe Rams

    Shear Rams

    Blind Rams

    Annular PreventersDrilling Valve

    Drilling Choke Manifold

    Drilling Operations

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    BOP stack

    Drilling Operations

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    BOP stack / Pipe Rams

    Fit a specific pipe size

    Need pipe to make a seal

    Drilling Operations

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    BOP stack / Shear Rams

    Both shears drill pipe and seals the hole

    Capacity to cut through 6-5/8 drill pipe

    Emergency equipment

    Drilling Operations

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    BOP stack

    HYDRILL : Annular Preventer

    Close/seal on any object in thewellbore

    Drilling Operations

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    Tubulars

    Drilling Operations

    TESTING & D illi I d i

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    Rig Circulating System

    Drilling Operations

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    TESTING & Drilling IntroductionDrilling Fluids

    The drilling fluid is an essential part of the drilling and well control system.

    It can be either water or oil based

    Mud is used to:

    - Cool the bit

    - Remove cuttings

    - Lubricate the bit

    - Provides a pressure to overcome that of the formation

    - Makes a mud cake to seal permeable formation

    - Operate down hole motor / turbineDrilling Operations

    TESTING & D illi I d i

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    Mud weights

    The mud density is kept at a level to overcome expected reservoir

    pressures and keep the well at a positive overpressure.

    It should be not too heavy or it will crack the formation, resulting in lost

    circulation

    Drilling Operations

    TESTING & D illi I t d ti

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    Casing

    Casings start large and gradually

    become smaller

    Casing sizes are always given as

    Outside Diameter

    The Inner Diameter depends onthe weight

    Drilling Operations

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    Casing

    Liner 5-1/2

    Drilling Operations

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    Logging

    Logging is a process of obtaining informations about the formation

    after the well has been drilled.

    A sensor is lowered into the well on the end of an electrical cable.

    This provides power and transmits the data to the surface where it is

    presented in the form of a graph against depth.

    - resistivity (high) logs show where the hydrocarbon may be

    - porosity logs show porous zones

    - sonic and density logs give information about the rock types

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    Testing and Logging

    Few logs are useful in Testing operations:

    Gamma ray shows shale & clean zones, gives net & gross pay

    Cement bond logs shows how good the cement is

    Corrosion logs shows possible problems inside & outside casing

    Production logs shows flow in the well

    CCL shows the casing collars

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    Life of a well

    SEISMIC DRILLING / GEOLOGY

    LOGGING

    DST / TESTING

    PRODUCTION / TESTING

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    Life of a wellSurface Seismic consists of making a noise and listening for thereturning reflected signals

    Drilling Operations

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    Life of a well

    A surface seismic with the interpreted model above

    Drilling Equipment

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    Life of a well

    In addition to seismic there are:

    Geology-The geologist goes to identify potential cap and reservoir rocks

    Geochemistry

    -The geochemistry tries to identify the source rock and also the

    possible migration path to the reservoir rock

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    Life of a well

    Drilled Cased Perforated Produced Workover Recompleted

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    To look at the special animations:

    Wellinst.exe (drilling a well)

    TESTING & Drilling Introduction

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    The END


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