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Core 1
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Core 1
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Core 2
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Core 3
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Core 3
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Extension 2
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Bonding and Structure page 1
Core 1
a substance containing only one type of atom / substance which can not be broken downto a simpler substance
b 4
c idea of many bonds / many atoms joined together (almost ) indefinitely
d(i) hard
(ii) strong bondsbetween atoms
(iii) C and Si are in the same group in Periodic Table / C and Si have same number ofelectrons in outer shell
e layers of atoms
weak forces between layers / layers slide over each other
f(i) inert / conducts electricity
(ii) positive chlorinenegative hydrogen
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Bonding and Structure page 2
Core 2
a(i) dissolve lactose / add waterfilter
(ii) (potassium nitrate) is ionic structure / contains ionsions free to move
(iii) does not contain ions / it is a molecular structure
f(i) add ammoniawhite precipitate formedprecipitate dissolves in excess ammonia / goes deeper blue
(ii) add silver nitrate(solution)white precipitateand either acidify compound with nitric acid or precipitate soluble in excess ammonia
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Bonding and Structure page 3
Core 3
a ammonium chloride
b any three of
evaporation of ammonia / hydrogen chloride from the solutions / cotton wooldiffusionexplanation of what diffusion is e.g. continuous movement of moleculeswhen the gas particles react they form a solid / in solid the particles are not moving /white solid has particles which are not moving
c 7 electrons in outer shell of chlorine and 1 in outer shell of hydrogenpair of electrons shared between the two tomssymbols for Cl and H
d 2 (HCl)H2
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Bonding and Structure page 4
Extension 1
a(i) 18e21p24n
(ii) 2.8.8
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Bonding and Structure page 5
Extension 2
a(i) hydrogensodium sulphonatecarbon dioxide
(ii) Mg(RSO3)2
(iii) sulphur trioxide(iv) add water
b lead nitrate and sulphuric acidsolutionfilterwash or dry
c any two from theseacidic oxide
covalent chloride or covalent bondsaccepts electronsoxidising agention Se
2-
valency 2forms oxide SeO2and / or SeO3forms selenides
d(i) photosynthesis
(ii) alcohol or ethanolfermentation