1
A Software Project Management Method: A3
Sergio Coronado, [email protected]
José Alberto Jaén, [email protected]
UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRIDEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales
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Content
• Motivation & Problem
• Methodology Steps
• Activity Network Simulation & Sensibility Analysis
• Examples
• Conclusion
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Motivation & Problem (1)
• Corporate America spends more than $275 billion each year on approximately 200,000 application software projects. Many of these will fail, but not for lack of money or technology; most will fail for lack of skilled project management. (Standish Group, CHAOS Chronicles 2001)
• MSL Software, a Spanish company, had been contract by IBM to develop all the software need to manage the result system for the Sydney 2000 Olympic games. 37 information systems + integration and communications elements are need.
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Motivation & Problem (2)
• Complex development project with high time constrain and requirements complexity.
• We need a project structure with an activity network to guide the project
• And of course, we need other elements; people, technology, tools, etc…
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Methodology Steps - Objective
1. Drive the construction of a complete activity network with schedule and effort estimations
2. Understand the estimation base on uncertainties (probability distributions)
3. Analyze the network to understand the sensible points or possible critical paths
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Methodology Steps - Network
• The problem is decompose in small sub-products development project, as we do when we design a system
• For each sub-product, development and support process are used
• For each sub-product, CocomoII is used• For each sub-product, QA and Risk are model• The network is build using integration-products
that are sub-products to be compose to create the end product
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Decomposition & Composition
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
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CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
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Risk
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DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
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ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPO
Sub-Product 1
E:5.87 S:6.10
Sub-Product 1
E:5.87 S:6.10
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPO
Sub-Product 2
E:6.26 S:6.34
Sub-Product 2
E:6.26 S:6.34
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
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DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
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ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPO
Integration
E:4.21 S:10.41
Integration
E:4.21 S:10.41
Risk 0Risk 0
Development phasesRS: RequirementsA: AnalysisD: DesignC: ConstructionT: Testing
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Activity Network
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Simulation
• Once all of the elements of the A3 model are constructed, simulations are carried out using the Monte Carlo technique which permits the evaluation on n repetitions of the probability distributions derived from the estimation process, and the relations between products in terms of effort and costs.
TOTAL EffortDistribution/Months
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Months
Sta
ff
Best
Mean
Worse
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Analysis
• Correlations and Sensibilities are compute in each activity base on precedent activities.
Int
Doc
Risk
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TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
Int
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Risk
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CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
RiskInf HR
E:5.87 S:6.10E:5.87 S:6.10
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
RiskInf HR
E:6.26 S:6.34E:6.26 S:6.34
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Risk
ACM QA
Inf HRRisk 0Risk 0
0.61 0.70
0.15
0.13
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MSL Olympic Development (1)
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPOComm-TJ
E:19.60 S:8.80
Comm-TJ
E:19.60 S:8.80
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPOLib-TJ
E:3.65 S:4.09
Lib-TJ
E:3.65 S:4.09
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
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Risk
PO
DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPOVC-TJ
E:2.34 S:9.44
VC-TJ
E:2.34 S:9.44
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
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DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPODF-TJ
E:1.84 S:12.16
DF-TJ
E:1.84 S:12.16
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
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DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPODV:EC-EM-VC
E:44.92 S:16.49
DV:EC-EM-VC
E:44.92 S:16.49
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc
CM
Inf HR
PO
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
RS
A
D
C
T
DV:EC-EM-VC-DF
E:2.76 S:17.31
DV:EC-EM-VC-DF
E:2.76 S:17.31
IntInt
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Risk
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TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
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CCM QA
Inf HR
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IntInt
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DCM QA
Inf HR
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IntInt
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Risk
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ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPOSW:EC-EM-VC
E:54.16 S:17.27
SW:EC-EM-VC
E:54.16 S:17.27
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
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Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
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Doc
CM
Inf HR
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Int
Risk
QA
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Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
RS
A
D
C
T
SW:EC-EM-VC-DF
E:5.99 S:17.87
SW:EC-EM-VC-DF
E:5.99 S:17.87
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
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Risk
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DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPOWL:EC-EM-VC
E:48.60 S:16.67
WL:EC-EM-VC
E:48.60 S:16.67
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc
CM
Inf HR
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Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
RS
A
D
C
T
WL:EC-EM-VC-DF
E:2.76 S:16.77
WL:EC-EM-VC-DF
E:2.76 S:16.77
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
TCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
CCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
DCM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
PO
ACM QA
Inf HR
Ext
IntInt
Doc
Risk
RSCM QA
Inf HR
ExtPOCM: EC-EM-VC
E:35.98 S:15.14
CM: EC-EM-VC
E:35.98 S:15.14
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
Int
Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
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Doc PO
CM
Inf HR
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Doc
CM
Inf HR
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Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
Int
Risk
QA
Ext
RS
A
D
C
T
CM: EC-EM-VC-DF
E:6.50 S:16.48
CM: EC-EM-VC-DF
E:6.50 S:16.48
RendimientoRendimiento
Re-Diseño InterfacesRe-Diseño Interfaces
Nuevos RequerimientosNuevos Requerimientos
Requerimientos TárdiosRequerimientos Tárdios
RecursosRecursos
Effort Distribution Development Phases
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Months
Sta
ff
T C D A R
12
MSL Olympic Development (2)ID Ta sk N ame Du ration
1 Comm-TJ 18 8 da ys
2 Re quirements 41 day s
3 An alys is 23 .12 day s
4 De s ig n 32 .88 day s
5 Co din g 52 day s
6 Te s tin g 39 day s
7 Lib-TJ 87 day s
8 Re quirements 13 day s
9 An alys is 14 day s
10 De s ig n 14 day s
11 Co din g 26 day s
12 Te s tin g 20 day s
13 VC -TJ 13 7.88 da ys
14 Re quirements 11 .88 day s
15 An alys is 10 .68 day s
16 De s ig n 14 day s
17 Co din g 23 day s
18 Te s tin g 16 day s
19 DF-TJ 75 day s
20 Re quirements 16 day s
21 An alys is 9.9 4 d ays
22 De s ig n 19 .06 day s
23 Co din g 16 .63 day s
24 Te s tin g 13 .37 day s
25 DV:EC -EM-VC 28 8.85 da ys
26 Re quirements 31 .88 day s
27 An alys is 30 day s
28 De s ig n 41 day s
29 Co din g 64 day s
30 Te s tin g 45 .97 day s
31 DV:EC -EM-VC -DF 15 4.25 da ys
32 Re quirements 10 .37 day s
33 An alys is 11 .63 day s
34 De s ig n 15 day s
35 Co din g 24 .32 day s
36 Te s tin g 17 .52 day s
37 SW :EC -EM-VC 27 3 da ys
38 Re quirements 35 day s
39 An alys is 32 day s
40 De s ig n 45 day s
41 Co din g 69 day s
42 Te s tin g 49 day s
43 SW :EC -EM-VC -D F 11 5 da ys
44 Re quirements 15 day s
45 An alys is 15 day s
46 De s ig n 20 day s
47 Co din g 31 day s
48 Te s tin g 21 day s
49 W L:EC -EM-VC 26 0 da ys
50 Re quirements 32 .78 day s
51 An alys is 30 .6 d ays
52 De s ig n 43 day s
53 Co din g 65 day s
54 Te s tin g 45 day s
55 W L:EC -EM-VC -D F 94 .46 day s
56 Re quirements 12 .46 day s
57 An alys is 10 day s
58 De s ig n 15 .24 day s
59 Co din g 24 .5 d ays
60 Te s tin g 17 day s
61 CM: EC-EM-VC 22 7 da ys
62 Re quirements 30 day s
63 An alys is 28 day s
64 De s ig n 38 .55 day s
65 Co din g 58 .45 day s
66 Te s tin g 42 day s
67 CM: EC-EM-VC-D F 11 4.41 da ys
68 Re quirements 16 day s
69 An alys is 18 .66 day s
70 De s ig n 20 .34 day s
71 Co din g 31 .05 day s
72 Te s tin g 22 .37 day s
W S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S T M F T S W S T M Ft 1 9, '9 7 De c 1 4, '9 7 Fe b 8, '98 Ap r 5, '98 Ma y 3 1, '9 8 Ju l 26 , '98 Se p 20 , '98 No v 1 5, '9 8 Ja n 10 , '99 Ma r 7, '99 Ma y 2 , '99 Ju n 27 , '99
Effort Distribution
0 2 4 6 8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Months
Sta
ff
100% Mean 0%
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MSL Advantage
• The project has a detail activity network
• Effort distribution is understand by development phases
• Possible delays are estimate and mitigation plan was build
• Sensible points are identify and manage
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Conclusion
• Helps Software Project Design
• Helps Build the Project Structure
• Underway Project Control• Project Simulation
• Project Visualization Mechanism