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““Bridging Rivers of Change”Bridging Rivers of Change”
Constance M. Carroll, Ph.D.Constance M. Carroll, Ph.D.ChancellorChancellorSAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE SAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICTDISTRICT
California Community CollegesCIO/CSSO CONFERENCE
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The American Community Colleges
Public: 991
Private: 180
Tribal: 31
Total: 1,202
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The American Community CollegesStudents
11.6 Million Students:6.6 million credit · 5 million non-credit
• 46% of U.S. Undergraduates
• 45% of First-Time Freshmen
• 59% Women, 41% Men
• 60% Part-Time, 40% Full-Time
• Average Age – 29 years
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The Nation’s Major Challenge
“America’s Perfect Storm: Three Forces Changing Our
Nation’s Future”Kirsch, Braun, Yamamoto, Sum
• Disparity in Literacy & Numeracy Skills
• Economic & Employment Changes
• Demographic Changes
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72Districts
California Community Colleges
UrbanUrban
109Colleges
SuburbanSuburban
RuralRural
A Diverse System
2.6 Million Students
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California Community College Mission
• Open Access to Higher Education
• Transfer Education
• Vocational Training
• Adult/Continuing Education
• Basic Skills/Remedial Education
• Support Services
• Economic Development
Associate Degrees
Certificates
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““THE ONLY CONSTANTTHE ONLY CONSTANTIS CHANGE.”IS CHANGE.”
-Heraclitus-Heraclitus
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Funding Increases Limited Resources
Public Support(confidence)
Public Scrutiny(accountability)
Process Outcomes
Teaching Learning
1960-1980 1980-Present
Changing TimesChanging Times
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StateComm. Colleges
Regulations
UniversityChanges
Technology
FederalRegulations
Demographics AccreditationRequirements
StudentNeeds
Business&
Industry
Legislative Term Limits
DistrictBudget
& Policies
StateEconomy
CommunityCollege
Changing External ImpactsChanging External Impacts
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CHANGING STUDENTSCHANGING STUDENTS
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Gender & Age of Gender & Age of California Community College StudentsCalifornia Community College Students
2006 - 20072006 - 2007
Gender Age
Female
55.5%
Male
43.5%
Unknown
1.0%
20-24 27.4%
19 or Younger
24.6%
25-29 11.9%
Unknown0.3%
30-347.5%
35-396.3%
40-499.9%
50+12.1%
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Changing Ethnicity of California Community College Students
2006 – 2007
Hispanic/Latino29.3%
White35.9%
African American7.2%
Filipino3.5%
Asian/Pacific Islander12.8%
American Indian0.85%
Unknown8.4%
Other8.4%
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Changing Philosophy of Changing Philosophy of Student Enrollment FeesStudent Enrollment Fees
Time Frame Per Unit Fees
Prior to Fall 1984
Fall 1984 – Spring 1991
Fall 1991 – Fall 1993Spring 1993
Fall 1993 – Fall 1995
Spring 1996 – Fall 1998
Spring 1999 – Fall 1999
$0
$5, capped at $50 per semester
$6, capped at $60 per semester$10, cap eliminated
Differential fee of $50/unit for holders of BA/BS degrees
$13
$13 Differential fee eliminated
$12
Differential fee of $50/unit for holders of BA/BS degrees
Spring 2000 – Spring 2003 $11
Fall 2003 – Spring 2004 $18
Fall 2004 – Fall 2006 $26
Spring 2007– present $20
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CHANGING CHANGING METHODSMETHODS
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LaboratoryLaboratory
ContractContractEducationEducation
WorkforceWorkforceTrainingTraining
GlobalGlobalEducationEducation
Open-EntryOpen-EntryOpen ExitOpen Exit
OnlineOnline
LearningLearningCommunitiesCommunities
LectureLecture
CommunityCommunityCollegeCollege
Changing Instructional Delivery & Learning Methodologies
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Changing Student Support SystemsChanging Student Support Systems
FROM: TO:
Online Systems
• Registration
• Counseling
• Learning Support
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AdministrationAdministration
AB 1725 (1988)“Ten Plus One”
Winton Act
SB160 (1976)“Rodda Act”
Yeshiva Decision (1980)U.S. Supreme Court
Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining
GovernanceGovernance
Changing Decision-Making TrendsChanging Decision-Making Trends
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CHANGES & CHALLENGES AHEADCHANGES & CHALLENGES AHEAD
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72Districts
California Community CollegesBudget Process
State Budget - Proposition 98State Budget - Proposition 98
Governor - LegislatureGovernor - Legislature
State Board of Governors & SystemState Board of Governors & System
Local Boards of Trustees & DistrictsLocal Boards of Trustees & Districts
Federal &Federal &Special FundsSpecial Funds
• AllocationsAllocationsSan Diego Community San Diego Community
College District College District
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Allocations to Education(2006 – 2007)
K-12 $8,501
California Community Colleges (CCC) $5,708
California State University (CSU) $11,972
University of California (UC) $18,749
Son/Daughter of Proposition 92?New Legislation?Armed Insurrection?
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Restoration of Public Confidence
• Better Compilation & Analysis of System Data
• Telling “Our Story” to a Changing Legislature
• Promoting/Marketing Success
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Cultivating a Culture of Change Within the Institution Open to Ideas/Innovation Safe for Failure Rewarding/Recognizing Success Support (Money, Time, Connections, etc.)
Encouraging Team ApproachPromoting Collaboration Interdepartmental Grants Other Institutions Industry
Relating Change to Vision, Planning, GoalsInstitutionalizing Positive OutcomesTaking Your Own Next Leadership Step
Elements of Successful Change