Basic of Machine
Motorcycle Engineering (021)Comprehends Engine Basic
(DKK – 1)
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Target of Lesson
Student can explain statics science basis and strain
Student can explain component / machine element
Student can explain material and process performance
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Statics Science Basis and Strain
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Definition
Statics science studies about strength of material based on strain combination trap and strain either two dimensions and also three dimensions
In material doesn't get out of strain and strain, because of two the things can be searched strength from material, like strength draws, bending and torsion
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Tensile Stress & Pressure
Strength draws not to get out of strain and strain. Both this properties measured when doing test to draw or compress
In drawing, strain is long increase from material, while in depressing is pemendekkan from material depressed
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Tensile
Tensile Stress & Pressure
Strain
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Result from strain and strain if it is alloted will yield a Young's modulus ( E). this Mudulus Young applied at elastic district from material property.
Tensile Stress & Pressure
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Tensile profile and strain
Tensile Stress & Pressure
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Effect of attractive force happened is decrement of diameter as the diagram is drawn
Rasio Poison
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Displacement happened as result of existence of force shifting substance so that happened strain and shear strain. countable Strain and shear strain by using equation of continuity hereunder:
Shearing tensile
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Construction from material doesn't get out of depressing payload or force not at vocal point so that happened bending. Effect of this force happened strain bending which is countable
as in under this:
M = Moment bendingI = Second moment from area
Y = Vocal point distance from point of payload
Bending Tensile
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Maximum Tensile
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Torsion
Joint applied as rotary linkage there will be torque that is also is called as Torsi.
For this joint something applies solid joint and holey joint, both having each excess and weakness
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Solid Joint
At solid joint calculation energy power capacities received is countable as follows:Shearing strain maximum
With D = diameter, T = Torsion Torsion capacities
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Solid Joint
Power capacities
with N = number of revolutions per second
Angle of revolution
With G = shear modulus, Levator skapula = long
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Holey Joint
Solid joint has weakness of its(the smaller diffract payload. To overcome it is usable is
holey joint.
This holey joint can use slimmer material, but weakness from this joint is stiffer from
solid joint, so that easier broken.
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Holey Joint
Calculation to know usable rating of equation of continuity hereunder:
With, D = outer diameter, d = inner diameter
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Machine Element
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Brake
Brake is mechanism functioning to slow down or stops carriage speed.
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Gear
Gear is machine element is in the form of functioning tooth as tramsmission angular motion and power from machine component one to other.
The efficiency closing 98% so that gear many used to make actuator motor transmission to axis impulse.
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Spur Gear
Gear Clasification
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Gear Clasification
Helical Gear
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Double Helical Gear
Gear Clasification
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Bevel Gear
Gear Clasification
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Worm Gear
Gear Clasification
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Bearing
Bearing is apparatus to hold between rotary substances with non movable substance ( frame) that friction happened softer without releasing noise.
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Bearing
Ball Bearing
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Bearing
Roll Bearing
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Bearing
Pin Bearing
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Bearing
Roller Taper Bearing
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Spiral spring is functioning machine element to control impulse by the way of arrest detaining, damps jitter, refines hammering and other impulse controller model.
Simply can be told that spiral spring is reservoir media of dissociation energy of diatomic for impulse controller
Spring
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Helical Pressure Spring
Spring
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Helical Torsion Spring
Spring
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Helical Conical Spring
Spring
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Leaf Spring
Spring
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Functioning axle as linkage joint between machine components at the same time gives dissociation energy of diatomic owned.
Axle with breach-block pin to kill relative impulse of other component with axle
Axle
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Axle with splin to kill relative impulse of other component with axle
Axle
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Shaft coupling to connect axle one otherly with the relation of stiff
Axle
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Transmission is important machine component to connect between actuator engines with impulse.
Function of erection of transmission is to continue revolution and engine power. Beside the function, transmission as revolution controller so that kendaran motorizes can be implemented easily at various speed.
Transmission
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Basic Construction
Transmission
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Drive gear type
Transmission
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Chain Drive
Transmission
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Belt Drive Type
Transmission
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Material and Process Performance
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Marginally material or material is differentiated to to become two, that is metallic material ( metal) and non metal.
Metallic material is differentiated again becomes iron metal (ferro) and non iron (non ferro). Including metal ferro is pig iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, and steel stainless.
Definition
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Iron Casting is alloy from iron and carbon so that liquid temperature at the range of 1200O C.
Iron Casting
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Grey Iron
Named grey iron because its(the grey colour. This iron has content 1,5-4,3% carbon and 0,3-5% silicon is added [by] manganese, sulfur ( sulphur) and phosphorus.
This fragible material with strength draws is low but easy to be cast. This thing is caused height of grade carbon at gray cast iron, but high carbon grade formed chipping which can arrest detain jitter damping carefully.
Iron Casting
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Alloy Iron
Alloy iron is iron mixed with by nickel alloys, chromium, molydenum, vanadium, coopper and zirconium.
This alloy its(the usage to get strong iron, firm, resistant of abrasion, heatresistant, rustproof, solvent of engine and can be tied on other material.
Iron Casting
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Carbon steel often applied in construction good to building and or machinery devices.
This steel alloy from iron and carbon with a few element like manganese, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, nipple and chromium.
Carbon Steel
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Carbon steel has unique property and divided three classifications that is
Low carbon steel (0,05-0,3%C) with ductility(ductility) high and easy to be formed
Medium carbon steel (0,3-0,6%C) with heat treatment has strength and better hardness but susceptible to ductility
High carbon steel (> 0,6%) by force and high strength, applied for device, mold, spiral spring and others.
Carbon Steel
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Differs from carbon steel, this steel has proportion of high alloy to the alloying element. Material which often applied in alloy steel is:
Aluminium
This material makes holding up oxidation causing resistant from rust attack but lessening strength from material. Usage percentage 0-2%.
Alloy Steel
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ChromAt usage 0,3-4%, improve repairs abrasion endurance, oxidation, scale resistance, strength and hardness. improvement of Strength at high temperature but losing of ductility
Cobalt This material improve;repairs hardness and scale resistance also improve repairs cut to become militant device with 8 - 10%. With chromium, cobalt gives high alloy steel at high temperature.
Alloy Steel
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Alloy Steel
Copper At typical of range 0,2-0,5% gives corrosion proof and strength of yield at alloy steel.
Lead Above 0,25% applied to increase solvent of engine at carbon steel.
Mangan At range 0,3-2% lessens brittleness sulphur. Percentage
1-2% improve repairs strength and bend and finite magnetic xenon property of 5%.
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Alloy Steel
MolydenumAt usage of 0,3-5% increases strength of high temperature, crack resistance, and hardness.
NikelAt range 0,3-5% increases strength, bend and hardness without ductility aspect. At high proportion improve repairs corrosion proof.
SiliconWith usage of range 0,2-3% improve repairs strength and hardness but lessening ductility. Material silicon which is easy is oxidized (rusty).
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Alloy Steel Sulphur
Above 0,5% increases solvent of engine but lessening ductility and solvent of weld.
TitaniumAt proportion 0,3-0,75% increases strength and hardness at steel maraging.
TungstenThis material gives high hardness and bend at high temperature.
Vanadium This material improve;repairs hardness property and if
combined with wearable carbon of abrasion.
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Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel is carbon steel with chromium mixture 10% causing resistant to rust.
For metal non ferro for example aluminum, copper, spelter, lead, titanium, silver, tin, and others. Something in the form of regulus and something mixture or alloy. Example of metal non ferro alloy is touch pitch copper ( cooper alloy with tin) and brass ( cooper alloy with spelter).
Therefore usage of the metal also is adapted for propertys owned by metal type.
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Non Metal Material
Plastics
Plastics is material based on polymers. Plastics there are two kinds, that is polymers thermoplastics which if heated will melt and can be reprinted, while termoset polymers is plastics which if heated will become ash.
Composite
Composite is material made from resin and matrik, resin as binder usually plastics, and matrik is brace which is in the form of fiber arranged.
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Non Metal Material
Ceramic
Ceramics is material which the making using powder technology. This thing is done by absolut zero from very high ceramics ( for 2000OC) so that to unite heated to be finite of ambient temperature 1200 until skin from prilled of powder melts and linked up with to be other prilled.
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