1
FACTORS &
MULTIPLES
2
ARRANGEMENT OF STARS
Take 6 stars and arrange
them in different
ways
3
1 Row × 6 Stars/Row = 6 Stars
4
3 Rows × 2 Stars per row = 6 stars
5
2 Rows × 3 stars per row = 6 stars
6
6 Rows × 1 Star/Row = 6 Stars
7
As we can see, 6 can be written as product of two numbers in many ways: 6 = 1 × 6
6 = 2 × 3
6 = 3 × 2
6 = 6 × 1
1, 2, 3 and 6 are exact divisors of 6
8
ARRANGEMENT OF FOOTBALLS
Take 8 footballs and arrange
them in different
ways
9
Arrangement of 8 in different ways
1 Row × 8 Balls/Row = 8 Balls
10
2 Rows × 4 Balls / Row = 8 Balls
11
4 Rows ×
2 Balls / Row =
8 Balls
12
8 Rows × 1 Ball / Row =
8 Balls
13
1, 2, 4 and 8 are exact divisors of 8.
14
7 divides 28 exactly and gives Quotient 4 and
Remainder 0.
28 ÷ 7 = 4
15
4 divides 28 exactly and gives Quotient 7 and
Remainder 0.
28 ÷ 4 = 7
16
28 divides 28 exactly and gives Quotient 1 and Remainder 0.
28 ÷ 28 = 1
17
28 ÷ 1 = 28
28 ÷ 4 = 7
28 ÷ 7 = 4
28 ÷ 28= 1
1
4
7
28
FACTORS OF 28
18
16 ÷ 1 = 16
16 ÷ 2 = 8
16 ÷ 4 = 4
16 ÷ 8 = 2
16 ÷ 16 = 1
1
2
4
8
16
FACTORS OF 16
19
FACTOR
A factor of a number is an exact
divisor of that number i.e. the factor
leaves remainder 0 when it divides
the number.
20
4 × 5 = 20
4 and 5 are factors of 20. We can also say that 20 is multiple of 4 and 5.
In 2 × 12 = 24,
2 and 12 are factors of 24.
24 is the multiple of 2 and 12.
So, a number is a multiple of its factors.
21
Multiples of 2 = 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24…
Multiples of 3 = 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,…
Multiples of 15 = 15,30,4,60,75,90,105,120,135,……
The number of multiples of a given number is infinite.
22
FACTORS OF SOME NUMBERS
8 = 1,2,4,8
16 = 1,2,4,8,16
25 = 1,5,25
23
4 × 5 = 20
Factors Multiple
24
POINTS TO REMEMBER
• 1 is a factor of every number.
• Every factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
• Every factor is less than or equal to the given number.
• Number of factors of a given number are finite.
25
• Every multiple of a number is greater than or equal to that number.
• The number of multiples of a given number is infinite.
• Every number is a multiple of itself.
POINTS TO REMEMBER contd