2
• Understanding the context and exploiting the opportunities
FP6 into PerspectiveThe European Union
4
The European Union Some Basic Info (1/2)
• Historic milestones- European Economic Community (1957), Treaty of Rome (1958)- Single European Act (1986) (1987)- European Union Treaty, (Maastricht) (1992) (1993)- Amsterdam (1997)
• Basic principles- Political stability- Free movement of people and goods- Free movement of capital- Regional development for economic and social cohesion
• Acquis Communautaire- All the principals, policies, laws, obligations and goals that have
been agreed and / or developed in the framework of the European Union
5
The European Union Some Basic Info (2/2)
• Belgium Holland Luxembourg 1957• France Germany Italy
• Denmark Ireland Great Britain 1971
• Greece 1981
• Spain Portugal 1986
• Austria Sweden Finland 1995•• Poland , Latvia , Lithuania, Estonia ,Hungary• Slovakia , Czech R, Slovenia , Malta , Cyprus 2004
25 MEMBER STATES
6
• Council of the European Union
• European Parliament
• European Commission
• Court of Justice
• Court of Auditors
• Council of the European Union
• European Parliament
• European Commission
• Court of Justice
• Court of Auditors
European Union Key Institutions
• Economic and Social Committee• Committee of the Regions• European Investment Bank• OMBUDSMAN• European Central Bank
• Economic and Social Committee• Committee of the Regions• European Investment Bank• OMBUDSMAN• European Central Bank
• Decentralized bodies of the European Union (agencies)
• Agencies of the European Community
• Common Foreign and Security Policy
• Police and Judicial Cooperation in criminal matters
• Decentralized bodies of the European Union (agencies)
• Agencies of the European Community
• Common Foreign and Security Policy
• Police and Judicial Cooperation in criminal matters
7
Interaction between the Institutions
COURT OF JUSTICE
COUNCIL PARLIAMENT
COMMISSION
COURT OF AUDITORS
implements & supervises
decidesand
orders
cooperates
co-decides
controls
proposes
controls
controls
controls
controls
controls
proposes
9
Legal Instruments for Policy Implementation
Proposals - Opinions They are not binding
DecisionsTheir implementation is obligatory for the relevant service
or Country
RegulationsThe Member States are obliged to implement
them immediately
Directives The Member States are obliged to implement them
by incorporating them in the national legislation
10
The European Union Budget
Income• Custom duties on imported products• Custom duties on specific products of the Member States• % on the Value Added Tax (VAT)• Contributions of the Member States
Expenditures• Agricultural subventions ~ 45%• Structural policies ~ 30%• Internal policies ~ 7%• External policies 7%• Administration 5%
0
20
40
60
80
100
1970 1980 1990 1999
11
Financial Instruments For Policy Implementation
Studies/Services/Procurement/Outsourcing
Internal Policies
External Technical Support
Structural FundsCohesion Fund
BUDGETBUDGET
12
Financial Instruments For Policy Implementation
Structural Funds
– European Social Fund– European Regional
Development Fund– European Agriculture
Guidance and Guarantee Fund
– Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance
– Cohesion Fund
– Community Support Framework
– Operational Programmes Regional Sectoral
– Community Initiatives– Innovative Actions
The related projects and activities are co-funded by the European Union and the Member States
Financial Instruments Implementation
• These aim at the economic and social cohesion through regional development
BUDGETBUDGET
13
• Regulations• Beneficiaries• Sectors• Budget• Method of
implementation
Financial Instruments For Policy Implementation
External Technical Support
TACIS
ACP
MEDA
PHAREOther countries
ISPA/SAPARD
CARDS
BUDGETBUDGET
14
External Technical SupportPHARE
• Regulation: Decision of the Council • Beneficiaries: Bulgaria –Romania • Budget: Approved for each country separately, 70% available
for institution building and 30% for investment projects• Method of Implementation:
• National, cross-border, multi-national, international programmes,
• funding services provision and infrastructure projects,• selected for the national programmes by Programme
Management Units (PMUs) in each country and• for the international programmes by the European
Commission in cooperation with the national authorities
15
• Research and Development
• 6th Framework Programme for RTD
• Special programmes
• Environment
• Energy
• Education / Professional Training
BUDGETBUDGET
Financial Instruments For Policy ImplementationInternal Policies
16
Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development Policy
• 6th Framework Programme for RTD
• Special programmes
17
Research and Development Evolution of RTD Budget
3,755,39
6,6
13,114,96
17,5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1984-1987 1987-1991 1990-1994 1994-1998 1998-2002 2002-2006
€ Billion
18
INTEGRATING EUROPEAN RESEARCH
PRIORITY THEMATIC AREAS ANTICIPATING S/T NEEDS
Research for policysupport
Frontier research,unexpecteddevelopments
Specific SME activities
Specific international cooperation activities
Gen
om
ic a
nd
bio
tech
nolo
gy
for
healt
h
Info
rmati
on
socie
ty t
ech
nolo
gie
s
Nan
ote
ch
no
logie
s, i
nte
llig
en
t m
at.
,
new
pro
ducti
on
pro
cess
es
Aero
nau
tics
an
d s
pace
Foo
d s
afe
ty a
nd
healt
h r
isks
Sust
ain
ab
le d
evelo
pm
en
t
an
d
glo
bal
ch
an
ge
Cit
izens
an
d g
ov
ern
an
ce
in t
he k
now
ledg
e s
ocie
tyJRC activities
STRUCTURING THE ERASTRENGTHENING THE
FOUNDATIONS OF ERA
Researchandinnovation
Humanresources &mobility
Researchinfrastructures
Science andsociety
Coordinationof researchactivities
Developmentof research/innovationpolicies
6th Framework Programme Key Components
19
Structuring the European Research Area (ERA)
2,605 billion €
Strengthening the Foundation of (ERA)
320 million €
Focusing and integrating European research
13,345 billion €
17,5 billion €
6th Framework Programme FP6 Budget
20
Characteristics of EU RTD Activities I
• Transnational collaboration (min. 3 partners/3 countries)
• Strategic objectives - programme oriented• Innovative, based on science & technology excellence• Competitive - competition of the best teams in EU• Rather mid-term oriented• RTD results are the property of the participants• Organisations selected via Calls for Proposals and
evaluation procedures involving a set of multiple criteria and independent experts
21
• Emphasis on objectives regarding creation of ERA
• “Large” projects – the focus is on structuring and integration
• Exactly the same rights for MC and Candidate AS
• EU funding for participation of INCO countries
• Eligibility of international organisations of EU interest
• Openness to 3rd countries world-wide
Characteristics of EU RTD Activities II
22
IST in FP6 Objectives & Strategy
• Main objectives– Establishing Europe’s leadership in the technologies at the
heart of the knowledge economy and society– Strengthening Europe’s competitiveness & technology base– Building the information and knowledge society for ALL
• Strategy– Concentration and focus, building critical mass– Visionary, forward looking (longer term / high risk)– Combine flexibility with greater speed in implementation– Scope of activities: Core technologies & “pull-through”
applications