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Presentation by Abdul Waheed KhanAssistant Director-General for Communication and Information, UNESCO
On the occasion of the10th Jubilee of the Eurasian Teleforum20-26 November 2007 - Moscow, Russian Federation
ICT Enhanced Knowledge Sharing:Challenges and Opportunities for Broadcasters
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Social transformations
“Half a hectare of land and one year of labour were required to feed one person in 1900; whereas that same half-hectare now feeds 10 persons on the basis of just one and a half days of labour”.
UNESCO Science Report
Agricultural Society
Industrial Society
Knowledge Societies
Machines to multiply
muscle power
Knowledge to multiply
brain power
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UNESCO’s Concept of Knowledge Societies
Human Needs and Rights
Knowledge Societies
Pluralism
Human Needs and RightsHuman Needs and Rights
Knowledge SocietiesKnowledge Societies
PluralismPluralism
Knowledge Dissemination
Knowledge Utilization
Knowledge Preservation
Knowledge Creation
Freedom
Inclusiveness
Diversity
Empowerment
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Transistor History I
Early computers, such as the ENIAC, used vacuum tubes - similar to light bulbs - to do
calculations and took several people to operate.
Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors invented by Shockley
Bardeen and Brattain at Bell Labs.
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Transistor History II
The first working transistor was shown off in 1947,
but was only revealed to the public six months
later.
The first commercial product to contain a transistor was the Sonotone 1010 hearing aid, released five years after the
transistor was invented.
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Transistor History III
The invention of the transistor ushered in the development of the integrated circuit,- the forerunner of today's silicon chips. The first demonstration was made by
Jack Kilby in 1958
In 1965 Intel co-founder Moore, predicted that the number of transistors on a chip would
double every year.
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Transistor History IV
Today's chips contain millions of transistors and are used in
everything from mobile phones and computers to cars and
planes.
The steady increase in power of silicon chip ushered in a new era of personal computing, with machines such as the Apple 1 being built by
enthusiastic hobbyists.
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Divides
Knowledge Divide or Digital Divide
Access to knowledge
Prosperity
Globalization
Inclusion
Limited accessto knowledge
Poverty
Marginalization
Exclusion
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Increased capacity and processing speed
Reduced size and costs
Versatile software tools for creating, create, edit and remixing
Reduced time to edit, compile, store and retrieve content
More efficient content preservation, storage and reuse
Easier information sourcing for programmes (online sources)
Increased multi-platform transmission and distribution between locations, service providers and users
Decrease in cost and increase of quality of consumer technology devises (audio, photo, monitors and video)
Technological Trends
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New Media and Traditionnel Broadcasters I
Non-linear productions system (computer and software based) with greater cost efficiency, rapidity and distributed production potential
Local crews equipped with digital video (DV) equipment: with greater cost effectiveness and rapid deployment
Computerized news rooms with increased efficiency Non-destructive editing potentials with digital
technologies Efficient digital retrieval and archival systems
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New Media and Traditionnel Broadcasters II
Increased product marketing possibility (CD, DVD etc) with minimal multiplying costs
Increased audience participation in talk-back programmes, e.g. through increased number of mobile phones
Easier and cheaper access to international satellite uplinks
Enhanced online presence of broadcasters on the Internet, mobile phones, etc.
Increased production outsourcing potential due to digital technologies and independent production groups
Visually improved programmes through use of computer based animations
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XX Lean backLean forward On the move
X
Transformation of programme consumption: From stationary to online and mobile From media types to audience situation
Audience Context
Technology convergence accelerates transformation of audience situations
Broadcaster’s response: Multiplatform delivery
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New Consumption Patterns
My time access to broadcast material online
Podcasting
Consumption: from ”real time” to ”my time”
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User Generated Content
Explosion of user-generated content Content creation outside of professional routines and practices Broadcasters increasingly encourage user generated content
(e.g.: BBC, CNN, Video Nation, Video Gag)
Social spaces facilitate content creation (e.g.: YouTube, My Space, Facebook)
Motivating/enabling factors: – Connecting with peers, achieving fame, and expressing oneself– Improvement of consumer electronics
– Increased bandwidth to connect with broadcasters But: user-generated content is no substitute to professional
content
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Future of Professional BroadcastingNeed for reliable content keeps broadcaster indispensable: Professional approach to content creation Respect of editorial ethics and practices Need to assure credibility of information to ensure
institutional or commercial market share Motivation factors:
– Audience share– User gratification– Diversification of professional content– Diversification of service
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Content Perspectives Knowledge creation and dissemination as potentially powerful
niche Areas of enhanced content creation:
– Education:Distance education linking traditional broadcasting (Radio/TV) and new technologies (handhelds/cell phones)
– Science:Dissemination of science content (e.g related to climate change) for awareness raising
– Culture:Use of traditional and new media to enhance dialogue and mutual understanding (“Power of Peace Network”)