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Unit1:Music
Text1
Discuss
whatkinds
of
music
youfindinspiring
helpsyouconcentrate
annoysyou
isgoodtolistentowhenyourehappyorsad
Reading
Lookatthistitle.Whatdoyouthinkthearticlewillbeabout?
Discuss
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Inwhichsectionarethequestionsanswered?Locatethesectionandhighlightthelines
whereyoufindtheanswers.
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Nowreadthetextagainandanswerthequestionsthatfollow:
Tributebandsessentiallypretendtobetheoriginalartists.Lookbackthroughthearticleand
highlightallthewordsthatareusedtosuggesttheideaofcopying.Thendrawamindmap.
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Readthetitleofthisarticle.Doyouthinkthearticlewillbeaboutunusualmusicians,disc
jockeysormusicbands?
Readthewholearticletocheckyourpredictions.
Fillinthegapswiththecorrectformofthewordinbrackets.
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Doyouhavebuskersinyourcity?Howdoyoufeelaboutthem?
Discuss
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Completethesecondsentencesothatithasasimilarmeaningtothefirstsentence,using
thewordgiven.Donotchangethewordgiven.Youmustusebetweenthreeadsixwords
includingthewordgiven.
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Text2
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AmazontochallengeiTuneswith29pMP3musicdownloads
Onlineretailerscheaptracksmaysparkpricewar
Fearsthatmusicwillbedevaluedbydiscounting
ThegiantonlineretailerAmazondeclaredanMP3pricewaryesterdaybyslashingthe
price
of
many
top
selling
downloads
in
an
attempt
to
grab
a
bigger
slice
of
the
legal
musicdownloadmarket.Inamoveseenbyexpertsasanaggressiveattempttosteal
customfromitsrivaliTunes,Amazoncutthepriceofmorethan100tracksincluding
LilyAllensTheFearandLadyGaGasPokerFaceto29p.
Onthebargain list,whichspanspop,hiphop,rock,classicalandjazz,music fanscan
alsofindoldertrackssuchasOasissWonderwallandNeilYoungsRockin intheFree
Worldforupto70plessthanonApplesiTunes.Amazon,whichalsooffersalbumsfor
aslittleas3,saidthereductionswerebeingmadeindefinitely.
ThenewscomesasApplewhichisestimatedtocontrolupwardsof70%ofthelegal
downloadingmarket
announced
some
of
its
hit
tracks
would
increase
in
price,
while
otherbackcataloguesongswouldbereduced,aspartofthecompanys introduction
ofvariablepricing.Aspokesmanconfirmedthatsongswouldnowbeavailableatthe
iTunesstoreat59p,79pand99pbutrefusedto fuelspeculationaboutanMP3price
war,sayingthecompanydidnotcommentoncompetitorsorfuturepricingstrategy.
Music industry analyst Mark Mulligan, vicepresident of Forrester Research, said
Amazons actionswere the first serious threat to Apples dominance of themusic
downloadmarket.UntilthispointAmazonhavebeensomethingofasleepinggiant,
wearenowseeingsomerealgrandstanding,hesaid.
Butdespite
the
online
retailers
marketing
offensive,
the
Apple
crown
was
unlikely
to
betoppledanytimesoon.IfAmazonaregoingtocompetetheyaregoingtohaveto
throweverythingatiTunesortheyjustwontmakeadent.Eveniftheyarecheaperit
willtaketimetochangepeopleshabitsand it isstillthatbitmore inconvenient.He
added that the real challenge for digital online services such asAmazon andApple
would be to convert traditionalmusic buyers to digitalwhile finding newways to
bridgethegulfbetweenphysicalanddigitalmusicrevenue.Companieshaveto find
waysofsellingtopeoplewhodontwanttopay.Variableandaggressivepricingisone
weapon intheirarmoury,butitsonlypartofthebattle.Thequestionisnotwhocan
beat iTunesbutwhocan take the industryon fromwhat iTuneshaveachieved,he
said.
PaulScaife,managingdirectorofthemusicindustrynewsletterRecordoftheDay,said
morecompetitionwasgoodnewsfordigitalmusicconsumers,andvariablepricingwas
welcomedby labelswhohave long lobbied forsongs tobepricedaccording to fans
perceived value. But hewarned: Music has been pretty devalued already. If they
continuetosellatadiscountthatbecomesthedefactopriceandanythingelseseems
expensive.Asingletrackhasgottobeworthmorethan29p.
Record labels are not the only ones concerned about pricing. Scottish dance artist
CalvinHarris,whosesingleImNotAloneisexpectedtoreachthetopfiveinthesingles
chart,postedashockedcommentonTwitterafterdiscoveringthepriceofhissongat
Tesco.Hewrote:GoodLord! Ijustsawyoucanbuy itatTescos for57p!57p!That
tracktookmetwoyears!57p!Twoyears!57p!Nowondermusicsintrouble.
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Text3
Venezuelas vibrant young music stars to wow LondonSimnBolvarOrchestratotakeSouthbankresidence
Eventswillsweepasideviewsonclassicalmusic
CharlotteHiggins,chiefartswriter
February
27,
2009
Theyhavebeenfetedasleadingthewaytowardsanew,exciting,impassionedfuture
forclassicalmusic;theyhavebroughttearsandcheerswherevertheyhaveperformed.
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And this spring, the flagship orchestra ofwhat the conductor Sir Simon Rattle has
calledthemost importantphenomenon inmusictoday istotakeupresidenceatthe
SouthbankCentreinLondon.
The orchestra is the Simn BolvarNational YouthOrchestra ofVenezuela. For five
daysin
April
it
will,
according
to
Marshall
Marcus,
the
centres
head
of
music,
seep
like a liquid through every space in theRoyal FestivalHall. Theywill sweep aside
everypreconceptionpeoplehaveaboutclassicalmusic,he said.Anyonewhoever
thoughtclassicalmusicwasnotforthemthisistheonethingtheyshouldsee.They
demonstratewhatweveperhapsbeenmissing inEuropemusiciansperformingout
ofasheer,unbridleddesiretolivethemusic.
The orchestra of 200 18 to 25yearolds had already announced a pair of concerts
under its dynamicmusic director,GustavoDudamel, 28,who is alsomusic director
designateof theLosAngelesPhilharmonic.Theconcerts soldout immediatelybut
nowthe
Southbank
has
unveiled
anumber
of
free
and
low
priced
events
throughout
the residency. The main concerts, which feature works by Stravinsky, Bartk and
TchaikovskyaswellasworksbyLatinAmericancomposerssuchasRevueltas,willalso
berelayedfreeintheFestivalHall.
TheextraeventswillincludeaneveningofLatinjazzandfusionfeaturingmembersof
the orchestra. There will be a free concert by the 50strong Simn Bolvar Brass
Ensemblewellknowninitsownrightandpraisedforitsunbelievablepanacheand
astonishingvirtuositybyTimAshleyintheGuardian.Afamilyconcerton17Aprilwill
be introduced by Dudamel. The orchestra will perform classical works as well as
Venezuelanfavourites.
Some
of
the
younger
conductors
following
in
Dudamels
footstepswilltaketothepodium.
Therewill also be a series of symposiums. The firstwill involve a chance to hear
Dudamel,membersoftheorchestraandmaestroJosAntonioAbreutalkabouttheir
work.AbreuisthevisionaryfounderoftheSistema,theradicalmusiceducationcum
social project fromwhich the orchestra springs.Other talkswill look at the efforts
beingmadetosetupsimilareducationprojectsintheUK,includingSistemaScotland,
apilotprojectinRaploch,nearStirling.
The Sistema was set up in 1975 by Abreu partly as a response to the dearth of
Venezuelanclassicalmusicians. Itwasalso from thebeginninga socialprojectusing
musicas itsmeans stemming fromAbreusbelief thatevery child,howeverpoor,
shouldhavetheopportunitytopunchoutofthepovertycycle.About250,000children
arenow involved in theSistema.Theystudy from2pmto6pmeveryday,withwork
focusedon the ideaof theorchestra rather than the individual.Assoonas theyare
able,olderchildrenareencouraged tohelpmentoryounger studentsor to conduct
ensembles.
Abreu told theGuardian in2006:ThephilosophyofelSistemashows that thevicious
circle of poverty can be broken when a child poor in material possessions acquires
spiritualwealth
through
music.
Our
ideal
is
of
acountry
in
which
art
is
within
the
reach
of
everycitizensothatwecannolongertalkaboutartbeingthepropertyoftheelite,but
theheritageofthepeople.
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Analysis