JUDGES,KINGS,JUDGES,KINGS,PROPHETSPROPHETS
PREPARE THE WAYPREPARE THE WAY
PENTATEUCHPENTATEUCH
CREATION - GOOD ,VERY CREATION - GOOD ,VERY GOODGOOD
SIN ENTERS - HOPELESSNESSSIN ENTERS - HOPELESSNESS CREATOR GOD CREATOR GOD REDEEMER GODREDEEMER GOD ABRAHAM - INDIVIDUALABRAHAM - INDIVIDUAL JOSEPH - FAMILY JOSEPH - FAMILY MOSES - NATION MOSES - NATION
40 YEARS IN DESERT- PREPARATION 40 YEARS IN DESERT- PREPARATION
PENTATEUCHPENTATEUCH
Abraham –father of faith- Abraham –father of faith- salvation beginssalvation begins
Centered on MosesCentered on Moses God reveals himself asGod reveals himself as
– God of God of freedomfreedom– God of God of love & love & forgivenessforgiveness– God who keeps his God who keeps his covenantcovenant– God who God who instructs/guidesinstructs/guides Man Man
towards towards goodness & lovegoodness & love
Old Testament Old Testament prefiguresprefigures New New TestamentTestament
Red Sea- Red Sea- BaptismBaptism Manna- Manna- EucharistEucharist Bronze Serpent lifted up on pole- Bronze Serpent lifted up on pole-
ChristChrist on the Cross-on the Cross- power to heal power to heal & redeem& redeem
HISTORICAL BOOKSHISTORICAL BOOKS
JOSHUAJOSHUA
JUDGESJUDGES
RUTH RUTH
1 AND 2 SAMUEL1 AND 2 SAMUEL
1 AND 2 KINGS1 AND 2 KINGS
HISTORICAL BOOKSHISTORICAL BOOKS ABOUT 1000 YEARS’ HISTORYABOUT 1000 YEARS’ HISTORY ENTRY INTO PROMISED LANDENTRY INTO PROMISED LAND DECLINE UNDER THE JUDGESDECLINE UNDER THE JUDGES PROSPERITY UNDER MONARCHYPROSPERITY UNDER MONARCHY MIXED FORTUNES UNDER DIVIDED MIXED FORTUNES UNDER DIVIDED
KINGDOMSKINGDOMS EXILEEXILE RETURN FROM EXILERETURN FROM EXILE
RELIGIOUS PURPOSE OF BOOK OF RELIGIOUS PURPOSE OF BOOK OF JOSHUAJOSHUA
CROSSING OF JORDANCROSSING OF JORDAN COQUEST OF CANAAN COQUEST OF CANAAN
– GIFT OF GODGIFT OF GOD
- FULFILMENT OF PROMISE TO - FULFILMENT OF PROMISE TO ABRAHAM ABRAHAM
CELEBRATE – CICUMCISION & CELEBRATE – CICUMCISION & PASSOVER FEASTPASSOVER FEAST
AT DEATH OF JOSHUA AT DEATH OF JOSHUA
GOD’S PEOPLEGOD’S PEOPLE– A NATION SETTLED IN THE A NATION SETTLED IN THE
PROMISED LAND PROMISED LAND
– IN COVENANT RELATIONSHIP WITH IN COVENANT RELATIONSHIP WITH YAHWEHYAHWEH
BOOK OF JUDGESBOOK OF JUDGES
TIME OF JUDGES – 1250-1050BCTIME OF JUDGES – 1250-1050BC
JUDGES – WARLORDS /MILITARY JUDGES – WARLORDS /MILITARY LEADERSLEADERS
12 JUDGES : 6 +12 JUDGES : 6 +
OTHNIEL EHUD DEBRAHOTHNIEL EHUD DEBRAH
GIDEON JEPHTAH SAMSONGIDEON JEPHTAH SAMSON
ISRAELITES COMMIT APOSTASYISRAELITES COMMIT APOSTASY
GO AGAINST GOD / COVENANTGO AGAINST GOD / COVENANT
GOD DELIVERS THEM TO OPPRESSORSGOD DELIVERS THEM TO OPPRESSORS
ISRAELITES CRY OUT TO GODISRAELITES CRY OUT TO GOD
A HERO /JUDGE DELIVERS THEMA HERO /JUDGE DELIVERS THEM
PEACE DESCENDSPEACE DESCENDS
Pattern of events:Pattern of events:
People sinned
God punished them
(delivered to hands of
oppressors)
People cried out to Yahweh
Yahweh sent “deliverer”
Judge
People experience
peace
Judge dies, People revert to sin
SINSIN
PUNISHMENTPUNISHMENT
REPENTANCEREPENTANCE
DELIVERANCEDELIVERANCE
GOD STOOD BY THE PEOPLE GOD STOOD BY THE PEOPLE
WHEN THEY WERE WHEN THEY WERE FAITHFULFAITHFUL AND AND OBEDIENT OBEDIENT
ButBut
ALLOWED THEM TO EXPERIENCE ALLOWED THEM TO EXPERIENCE
DISASTER WHEN THEY TURNED DISASTER WHEN THEY TURNED
AWAY FROM HIMAWAY FROM HIM
DEBRAHDEBRAH– GAVE COURAGE TO ARMY –GAVE COURAGE TO ARMY –– LED BY BARAKLED BY BARAK
GIDEONGIDEON – FOUGHT FOUGHT MIDIANITESMIDIANITES– ARMY REDUCED IN NUMBERARMY REDUCED IN NUMBER– POWER OF YAHWEH POWER OF YAHWEH
SAMSONSAMSON– FOUGHT FOUGHT PHILISTINESPHILISTINES– STRONG IN BATTLE BUT WEAK IN STRONG IN BATTLE BUT WEAK IN
COMPANY OF WOMENCOMPANY OF WOMEN
“ “ In those days there was no king in In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was best in Israel; everyone did what was best in his own eyes” Jgs 21:25his own eyes” Jgs 21:25
RUTHRUTH– FIDELITY,KINDNESS,LOVE, FIDELITY,KINDNESS,LOVE,
ACCEPTANCEACCEPTANCE
– BRINGS BACK HOPE BRINGS BACK HOPE
BOAZ – OBED – JESSE -DAVID BOAZ – OBED – JESSE -DAVID
– ANCESTOR OF JESUS ANCESTOR OF JESUS
1 AND 2 SAMUEL1 AND 2 SAMUEL
ISRAEL’S TRANSITION ISRAEL’S TRANSITION
FROMFROM
A LOOSE CONFEDERATIONA LOOSE CONFEDERATION
TOTO
A UNITED KINGDOM - A UNITED KINGDOM -
STRONG MARCHY AND EMPIRE STRONG MARCHY AND EMPIRE
SAMUELSAMUEL
SON OF ELKANAH & HANNASON OF ELKANAH & HANNA
SERVED UNDER SERVED UNDER ELIELI AT TEMPLE AT AT TEMPLE AT
SHILOHSHILOH
RELIGIOUS,POLITICAL UNIFYING RELIGIOUS,POLITICAL UNIFYING FORCEFORCE
PROPHET AND JUDGEPROPHET AND JUDGE
DANGER FROM PHILISTINES AND DANGER FROM PHILISTINES AND OTHER ENEMIESOTHER ENEMIES
ISRAELITES ASK FOR A KING:ISRAELITES ASK FOR A KING:
– ““GIVE US A KING TO RULE US LIKE GIVE US A KING TO RULE US LIKE ALL THE NATIONS” ALL THE NATIONS” 1 Sam 8:51 Sam 8:5
THEOLOGICALTHEOLOGICAL OBJECTIONS OBJECTIONS
““THEY HAVE NOT REJECTED THEY HAVE NOT REJECTED YOU,BUT THEY HAVE REJECTED YOU,BUT THEY HAVE REJECTED ME FROM BEING KING OVER ME FROM BEING KING OVER THEM”THEM” 1 SAM 8:7 1 SAM 8:7
SOCIALSOCIAL PROBLEMS PROBLEMS
SAUL ANNOINTED KINGSAUL ANNOINTED KING
NATION NATION OF ISRAEL NOW A OF ISRAEL NOW A
KINGDOMKINGDOM
SAUL SAUL – 1– 1stst KING KING
– WON MANY WARS WON MANY WARS
– VICTIM OF VICTIM OF PRIDE,JEALOUSY,HATRED OF DAVIDPRIDE,JEALOUSY,HATRED OF DAVID
– SAMUEL ANNOINTES SAMUEL ANNOINTES DAVID,PROCLAIMED KING OF DAVID,PROCLAIMED KING OF JUDAH ON DEATH OF SAULJUDAH ON DEATH OF SAUL
DAVIDDAVID
COMPLETES SAUL’S CONQUESTSCOMPLETES SAUL’S CONQUESTS
CONSOLIDATES POWERCONSOLIDATES POWER
ESTABLISHES EMPIREESTABLISHES EMPIRE
JERUSALEMJERUSALEM MADE POLITICAL AND MADE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CAPITALRELIGIOUS CAPITAL
DAVID SINSDAVID SINS
PROPHET NATHANPROPHET NATHAN DENOUNCES DENOUNCES DAVID’S SINDAVID’S SIN
DAVID’S FAMILY IN DISARRAYDAVID’S FAMILY IN DISARRAY
DAVID EXILEDDAVID EXILED
DAVID SINNED BUT HE DAVID SINNED BUT HE REPENTEDREPENTED
FAITHFAITH IN GOD IN GOD
DYNASTIC COVENANT DYNASTIC COVENANT
DAVID DAVID “A MAN AFTER GOD’S OWN “A MAN AFTER GOD’S OWN HEART”HEART”
LEFT RICH HERITAGELEFT RICH HERITAGE
SOLOMONSOLOMON
GIFT OF WISDOMGIFT OF WISDOM BUILT KINGDOM OF GRANDEUR BUILT KINGDOM OF GRANDEUR PEOPLE OPPRESSEDPEOPLE OPPRESSED FELL VICTIM TO APOSTASYFELL VICTIM TO APOSTASY PUNISHMENT – BREAK UP OF KINGDOM:PUNISHMENT – BREAK UP OF KINGDOM:
– NORTHERN KINGDOM – NORTHERN KINGDOM – ISREALISREAL
– SOUTHERN KINGDOM - SOUTHERN KINGDOM - JUDAHJUDAH
PROPHETSPROPHETS
MEN WHO SPOKE FOR GODMEN WHO SPOKE FOR GOD
PROPHECY – THE INTERPRETATION PROPHECY – THE INTERPRETATION OF THE MIND AND WILL OF GODOF THE MIND AND WILL OF GOD
ROLE OF PROPHETSROLE OF PROPHETS KEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEHKEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEH
CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S PEOPLEPEOPLE
FOCUSED ON FOCUSED ON – MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --
FUTURE SALVATIONFUTURE SALVATION
FORMER PROPHETSFORMER PROPHETS SAMUELSAMUEL
– ANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KINGANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KING
NATHANNATHAN– CONSCIENCE OF DAVIDCONSCIENCE OF DAVID
ELIJAHELIJAH CONTEST AT MT CARMELCONTEST AT MT CARMEL
““YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE ALONE YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE ALONE IS GOD”IS GOD”
LATTER PROPHETSLATTER PROPHETS88thth T0 5 T0 5thth CENTURY BC CENTURY BC
CHANGING POLITICAL SCENECHANGING POLITICAL SCENE
EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-ASSYRIAASSYRIA
EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN KINGDOM) - BABYLON KINGDOM) - BABYLON
AMOS & HOSEA – ISRAELAMOS & HOSEA – ISRAEL
JEREMIAH – JUDAHJEREMIAH – JUDAH
CALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENTCALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENT
THEY DID NOTTHEY DID NOT
GOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEMGOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEM
ISAIAHISAIAH– ““IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR
FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” (IS 7:9)(IS 7:9)
– COMING OF MESSIAHCOMING OF MESSIAH– ““SUFFERINF SERVANT” SUFFERINF SERVANT”
WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO ANGER GOD?ANGER GOD?
AMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICEAMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICE HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO
GODGOD MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S
RULERSRULERS JEREMIAHJEREMIAH
– THE FALSE GODSTHE FALSE GODS– UNCHECKED CORUPTIONUNCHECKED CORUPTION
EXILIC & POST EXILIC EXILIC & POST EXILIC PROPHETSPROPHETS
EZEKIELEZEKIEL– ““DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE
THROUGH BREATH OF GODTHROUGH BREATH OF GOD– HOPEHOPE
JEREMIAHJEREMIAH– PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON
WILL RETURNWILL RETURN– STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE
HEARTHEART
ISAIAHISAIAH TEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KINGTEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KING
OF HOUSE OF DAVIDOF HOUSE OF DAVID
BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)
SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF DAVID ( Is 9:6-7)DAVID ( Is 9:6-7)
ISAIAHISAIAH– ““IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR IF YOU DO NOT STAND FIRM IN YOUR
FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” FAITH,YOU SHALL NOT STAND AT ALL.” (IS 7:9)(IS 7:9)
SUMMARYSUMMARY CREATORCREATOR GOD GOD REDEEMERREDEEMER GOD GOD
PROVIDER PROVIDER GOD OF GENESES GOD OF GENESES LIBERATORLIBERATOR GOD OF EXODUS GOD OF EXODUS
GOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICEGOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICE
DACALOGUE/ TEN COMMANDMENTSDACALOGUE/ TEN COMMANDMENTS
GOD OF PROPHETSGOD OF PROPHETS WHO SPEAK OUT WHO SPEAK OUT FOR JUSTICE & PEACEFOR JUSTICE & PEACE
PEOPLE OF OLD TESTAMENTPEOPLE OF OLD TESTAMENTSOUGHT: SOUGHT:
MEANING IN LIFEMEANING IN LIFE ANSWERS TO EVENTS ANSWERS TO EVENTS
LISTENED TO GODLISTENED TO GOD BECAME MORE AWARE OF GOD’S BECAME MORE AWARE OF GOD’S
MYSTERYMYSTERY JOURNEYED TOWARDS THE JOURNEYED TOWARDS THE
TRUTH OF GODTRUTH OF GOD
HOW DIFFERENT ARE WE FROMHOW DIFFERENT ARE WE FROM
THE PEOPLE OF THE OLD THE PEOPLE OF THE OLD
TESTAMENT?TESTAMENT?
ROLE OF PROPHETSROLE OF PROPHETS KEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEHKEEP NATION FAITHFUL TO YAHWEH
CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S CHALLENGE & ENCOURAGE GOD’S PEOPLEPEOPLE
FOCUSED ON FOCUSED ON – MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --MONOTHEISM - MORALITY --
FUTURE SALVATIONFUTURE SALVATION
FORMER PROPHETSFORMER PROPHETS SAMUELSAMUEL
– ANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KINGANNOINTS ISRAEL’S FIRST KING
NATHANNATHAN– CONSCIENCE OF DAVIDCONSCIENCE OF DAVID
ELIJAHELIJAH CONTEST AT MT CARMELCONTEST AT MT CARMEL
““YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE YAHWEH PROVED HE AND HE ALONEIS GOD”ALONEIS GOD”
LATTER PROPHETSLATTER PROPHETS88thth T0 5 T0 5thth CENTURY BC CENTURY BC
CHANGING POLITICAL SCENECHANGING POLITICAL SCENE
EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-EXILE OF ISRAEL (NR KINGDOM)-ASSYRIAASSYRIA
EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN EXILE OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN KINGDOM) - BABYLON KINGDOM) - BABYLON
AMOS & HOSEA – ISRAELAMOS & HOSEA – ISRAEL
JEREMIAH – JUDAHJEREMIAH – JUDAH
CALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENTCALLED ON PEOPLE TO REPENT
THEY DID NOTTHEY DID NOT
GOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEMGOD’S JUDGEMENT FELL ON THEM
WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO WHAT HAD ISRAEL DONE TO ANGER GOD?ANGER GOD?
AMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICEAMOS – SOCIAL INJUSTICE HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO HOSEA – ISRAEL UNFAITHFUL TO
GODGOD MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S MICAH – THE SINS OF ISRAEL’S
RULERSRULERS JEREMIAHJEREMIAH
– THE FALSE GODSTHE FALSE GODS– UNCHECKED CORUPTIONUNCHECKED CORUPTION
EXILIC & POST EXILIC EXILIC & POST EXILIC PROPHETSPROPHETS
EZEKIELEZEKIEL– ““DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE DRY BONES”BROUGHT TO LIFE
THROUGH BREATH OF GODTHROUGH BREATH OF GOD– HOPEHOPE
JEREMIAHJEREMIAH– PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON PROMISES EXILES IN BABYLON
WILL RETURNWILL RETURN– STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE STRESSES – SEEK GOD WITH THE
HEARTHEART
ISAIAHISAIAH TEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KINGTEACHES ABOUT THE MESSIAH – KING
OF HOUSE OF DAVIDOF HOUSE OF DAVID
BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)BORN OF A VIRGIN (Is 7:14)
SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF SALVATION THROUGH ROYAL SON OF DAVID ( is 9:6-7)DAVID ( is 9:6-7)
SUMMARYSUMMARY
CREATOR GOD CREATOR GOD REDEEMER GOD REDEEMER GOD
PROVIDING GOD OF PROVIDING GOD OF GENESES GENESES LIBERATING GOD OF LIBERATING GOD OF EXODUSEXODUS
GOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICEGOD DEFINES FREEDOM / JUSTICEDACALOGUEDACALOGUE/ / TEN TEN COMMANDMENTSCOMMANDMENTS
JUDGESJUDGES – TAKE POSSESSION OF – TAKE POSSESSION OF PROMISED LAND PROMISED LAND
KINGSKINGS - BRING ISRAEL TO NEW - BRING ISRAEL TO NEW GLORY AND DESTRUCTION GLORY AND DESTRUCTION
DIVISION OF ISRAEL AND DIVISION OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH JUDAH
EXILE INTO BABYLON EXILE INTO BABYLON
PROPHETSPROPHETS: VOICE OF GOD : VOICE OF GOD REMINDED ISRAELITES REMINDED ISRAELITES
OF COVENENT OF COVENENT GAVE WARNINGS OF GAVE WARNINGS OF
GOD’S WRATH GOD’S WRATH INSPIRED HOPE INSPIRED HOPE
REVIVED MEMORY REVIVED MEMORY – –
GOD’S FAITHFULNESS GOD’S FAITHFULNESS