Download - 1.2.0 Apartment Lobby · 1.2.0 Apartment Lobby 1.2.1 Introduction The apartment lobby serves as a primary circulation area as well as a gathering place for residents and visitors

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Diane Emert Senior Thesis 2005 Broadway Plaza, Rochester, MN

1.2.0 Apartment Lobby 1.2.1 Introduction The apartment lobby serves as a primary circulation area as well as a gathering place for residents and visitors alike. A revolving door from the exterior opens onto an entry space. Coves have been constructed along the sides of this area. An indentation is created in the wall directly in front of the entry to serve as a point of interest. An onyx-clad reception desk is located to the right of the entry for package drop-off and visitor check-in. Corridors in the rear of the circulation space lead residents into the core elevator lobby where apartment access is available. The entire South-facing front facade is flanked by 13’ high bays of low-e insulating glass (See 1.2.3 Architectural Surfaces) that run from nearly ceiling to floor. Walls are finished in textured beige wallcovering with specular marble tiled floors. While residents can easily access the exterior from the circulation area, they may instead choose to take advantage of the seating area to the side of the main entry. This space provides a waiting area for residents or visitors to converse and relax. The seating area is surrounded on two sides by glazing adjacent to the exterior sidewalks and on a third side with glazing adjacent to the skyway lobby. Walls are similar to the circulation area of the lobby while burgundy carpet is installed along the floor. Primary furnishings include small coffee tables, chairs, and couches for lounging. 1.2.2 Space Layout

Fig. 1.2.2a: Lobby Location Within 1st Floor

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1.2.3 Architectural Surfaces

Floor Finishes Stone-S1 Stone-S2 MFG: Daltile MFG: Daltile Name: Gold-light Name: Yellow Daffodil Finish: Honed Finish: N/A Reflectance: 69.8% Reflectance: 46.9 % Carpet-C1 MFG: Atlas Style: Contour Color: Cranberry Cocktail Reflectance: 8.9%

Wallcovering- WC15 Wallcovering- WC18 MFG: Knoll MFG: JM Lynne Name: Slicker Name: Music Box Color: Rubine Color: Lanvin Reflectance: 6.7% Reflectance: 55.3%

Wall Finishes

Fig. 1.2.2b: Lobby Floor Plan With Dimensioning (Total Area: 1850 ft2)

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Ceiling Finishes

Paint-P7 Wood Finish-WD1 MFG: Benjamin Moore MFG: Tabu Color: Cloud Nine Type: Cherry Veneer Finish: Latex Eggshell Cut: Plain Reflectance: 86.1% Reflectance: 9.7%

Reception Desk-S3 MFG: Daltile Name: ONYX Finish: Polished Reflectance: 4.3%

Furnishing Finishes

Glass Types

Typical Window Configuration for Exterior Windows

Visible Light

Solar Energy UV Visible

Light-Ex.Visible

Light-Int.Solar

EnergyWinter

NighttimeSummer Daytime

Solarscreen Low-E Insulating Glass VE 7-85 by Viracon

Construction: 1" Total 1/4" Azuria Color,1/2"

Airspace, 1/4" VE 85 #3

58% 24% 19% 9% 11% 7%

0.31 Btu/(hr*

sqft* degree F)

0.29 Btu/(hr*

sqft* degree F)

0.38 0.33 80 Btu/ hr*sqft

Transmittance Reflectance ASHRAE U-Value Shading Coefficient SHGC Relative

Heat GainGlazing Description

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1.2.4 Design Concept Design Goals As Broadway Plaza strives to market itself as a “home away from home,” residents should feel cozy and at ease within the lobby space. No matter the length of stay, each time a resident walks into the lobby, he or she should feel that they are coming home again. The common dilemma among all of those who stay within Broadway Plaza is of course, stress. Thus, a warm, inviting, and attractive ambience will keep current residents happy and attract new residents in the cycle of temporary living. Focal points of interest should be created as a source of diversion from stress and as intriguing conversation pieces. In addition to the ultimate goal of the creation of a homelike atmosphere, several technical lighting issues should also be addressed. Appropriate control of lighting fixtures and the ability to create various lighting levels and moods is of extreme importance. Depending on the time of day and/or occasion, Broadway Plaza demands the ability to change the lighting to suit the condition. Flexibility in system control is one way to ensure that all scenarios can and will be accomplished. Another technical issue is that of the lighting’s ability to assist with way-finding. The core elevator lobby provides primary access to the actual residential units. Thus, it is important to direct residents and especially the unfamiliar visitor to this location. Lighting is one such way to accomplish this task. Conceptualization and Sketches The redesign of the apartment lobby provides a prominent focal point upon entering the space. This focus looks to mimic a modern fireplace through the use of colored light and glass along the center wall indentation directly in front of the revolving entrance. The custom-made application as well as the entire atmosphere of the room coincides with a feeling of warmth and “home.” To create this feeling, low CCT’s corresponding to a warmer light are used in the cove applications. Indirect light from these sources does not create unwanted reflected glare in the marble finishes below, and instead, provides ambient light that should prove comfortable. These coves also work to guide the visitor to the core elevator lobby. The dark walls along the corridor are also grazed to further aid in path finding. All of these applications are referenced in Figure 1.2.4a. Meanwhile, the reception area calls for light that sets it apart for easy recognition, but does not distract from the central fireplace. A decorative linear fluorescent pendant directly above the desk helps to direct visitors to the area for all inquires.

Figure 1.2.4a

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Like the circulation space, the lounge area also creates a living room type atmosphere. Subpoints of interest are created by the spotlighting of artwork. Decorative semi-indirect pendants, meanwhile, glow above the occupants’ heads to provide enough light for reading and other tasks. Floor lamps coinciding with the pendants above and keeping with a home-like style, provide additional light should it be desired (Figure 1.2.4b.) Control of the entire lobby lighting system is also provided (See 1.2.6 Equipment.)

1.2.5 Design Criteria • Appearance of Space and Luminaires (Very Important)

As the most prominent space that high-end clients will see, besides the individual apartments of course, the look of the lobby is extremely important. Concentration should focus on the selection of appealing luminaries as well as on the creation of a sophisticated and welcoming atmosphere. The lavish finishes within the lobby should be highlighted while the atmosphere shall remain calm.

• Color Appearance (and Color Contrast) (Important) With the illustrious finishes in place, the color appearance of the various portions of the lobby should be considered. Wood and stone, alike, should be lit with lamps that bring attention to the tiniest details of the material and never appear to “wash out” the surface.

• Daylighting Integration and Control (Important) The large curtain wall and massive amounts of glass surrounding the lobby can cause visual discomfort. The entire front entrance of the lobby faces South, making direct sunlight in the eyes of primary concern. While surrounding buildings may work to block out some of the direct sunlight, their height and distance from the structure will potentially still allow direct sun to enter. Due to the tasks to be preformed within the space, however, a large amount of daylight should not pose a major problem.

• Direct Glare (Important) Whether occupants are reading, waiting, relaxing, or passing through, direct glare from overly luminous surfaces and/or luminaries should be avoided at all costs. As the space itself is considered first class, it is important to keep the occupants from feeling like second-hand afterthoughts.

• Light Distribution on Surfaces (Important) Distribution of light on varying surfaces is a means to garner attention, guide, and provide a relaxed atmosphere. While the light distribution should not be even over all elements in the space, a hierarchy of luminance should be developed to create an atmosphere of relaxation. This hierarchy should take into account paths of travel and necessary tasks within the space, as well as provide focal attention.

Figure 1.2.4b

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• Luminances of Room Surfaces (Important) The luminance values of room surfaces are important within the lobby space for both spatial perception and comfort. Likewise, the eye-catching nature of bright luminance surfaces acts as a means of drawing attention and guiding visitors. Additionally, luminances of surfaces must be in correct proportion to avoid uncomfortable eye adjustments. In the lounge area, where reading tasks will take place, the luminance ratio between task and far surroundings must comply with a 1:10 or 10:1 ratio as recommended by the IESNA. Likewise, a 1:3 or 3:1 task to adjacent surroundings ratio is advised.

• Modeling of Faces or Objects (Important) Modeling of the faces of those moving in and out of the space is not of primary concern due the short nature of time generally spent within the lobby. However, it is desirable for all faces to be distinguishable and uniformly lit to avoid shadows. Meanwhile, the receptionist’s face should be easily distinguishable with a high level of vertical illuminance that is uniform over her entire face. The lighting should create no unflattering shadows nor should features that may be unbecoming be accented.

• Points of Interest (Important) Coinciding with the idea of spatial appearance, it is important to create focal points to attract interest within the space and distinguish it from other apartment lobbies. Therefore, it is desirable to have the lighting design itself create a focal point within the space.

• Reflected Glare (Very Important) The issue of reflected glare is of especial importance considering the materials used to furnish the lobby. All wood, stone, and tile finishes are specular in nature and create mirror-like reflections from direct light striking them. Direct light on these materials should be kept to a minimum.

• Source/Task/Eye Geometry A lobby is not a task intensive space by any means. However, enough illuminance should be provided on the receptionist’s desk to aid in her daily tasks and prevent eyestrain. A lower overall level of illuminance with a system of local task lighting is advised for receptionist activities.

• System Control and Flexibility (Important) It is important to maintain a means to control the various lighting applications. A dimmable lighting control sequence should be maintained to illuminate the lounge, entrance, and reception area independently of one another. Moods may then be created based on the time-of-day, season, or occasion.

• Illuminance (Horizontal) Suggested horizontal illuminance is 10 fc along the general entrance area of the lobby. However, as few intensive tasks will take place in the space, this value may fall below this number to create an even more relaxed atmosphere. In the lounge area where causal reading tasks may take place, illuminance levels along the work plane should reach a desirable 30fc. In the receptionist area, this value should be increased to 50 fc on the desk surface to accommodate all tasks. As movement spaces, corridors shall have a horizontal illuminance of 5 fc uniform over the floor surface.

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• Illuminance (Vertical) A uniform illuminance level of 10 fc is recommended for the receptionist’s facial features. All areas of the lobby should also strive to meet this value with no levels falling below 5 fc on faces, either sitting or standing.

1.2.6 Equipment

# Type

EX3

Universal-mounting edge-lit LED exit sign, double face, red letters, w/ die-

cast alum. trim

Wall/ Ceiling LED NA N/A N/A 120 10 3

FC1

Low-profile cove mounted luminaire with indirect asymmetric distribution

Cove 1 F54/T5/830/HO DIM-ELECTRONIC 85 3000 120

122 (2 lamp

ballast) 64 (1 lamp

ballast)

13 (6-"2 lamp ballasts" 1-"1 lamp ballast")

Luminaire: Focal Point Covelight26 Lamp: GE Ballast: Lutron Eco 10%

FP2

Linear Fluorescent Indirect-Direct Pendant with Flat Glass Diffuser and Metallic Aluminum Finish

Pendant 2 F28T5/830 ALTO DIM-ELECTRONIC 85 3000 120

62 (2 lamp ballast)

2 (2-"2 lamp ballasts")

Luminaire: Lightolier 48228ALU Lamp: Philips Ballast: Lutron Eco 10%

WW2Recessed open perimeter wall wash with opaque white reflector

Recessed 1 F32T8/ADV830/EW/ALTO ELECTRONIC 85 3000 120 35

(1 lamp) 4

Luminaire: Litecontrol Wall/Slot 2000PR Lamp: Philips Ballast: Advance Transformer Optanium

UC1

Low-profile undercounter fluorescent tasklight w/ wrap around lens, steel housing, and rocker switch

Surface 2 F13/T5/830 ELECTRONIC 82 3000 12028

(2 lamp ballast)


Luminaire: Lithonia UC Lamp: GE Ballast: Advance Transformer Matchbox

SP2Adjustable low-voltage directional spotlight with aluminum trim

Recessed 1 20W/12V/R37/18D/FR NA 100 3000 120 / 12 20 4 Luminaire: Ardee Varianti

Lamp: Philips

FP3

Decorative 30" bowl pendant with sand blasted glass bowl, polished brass finish, and glass ring accent

Pendant 4 CFTR42W/GX24q/830 DIM-ELECTRONIC 82 3000 120

76 (2 lamp

ballast)


Luminaire: American Glass Light Harrington Uplight Lamp: Philips Ballast: Compact SE 5%

SC2

Linear sconce with illuminated "window" lit from above by low-voltage lamp

Wall 1 Q35MR11/CG30 NA 100 3000 120 / 12 35 2 Luminaire: Energie Artres Sconce

Lamp: Philips

L1Chrome plated floor lamp with three hand blown opal glass shades

Floor 1 100A19 NA 100 2700 120 100 4Luminaire: Louis Poulsen PH 4 1/2- 3 1/2 Glass Floor Lamp: Standard 100W A lamp

C1

Floor-mounted controllable fluorescent color changer/cyc light, full RGB color mixing with 100% dimmable intensity with DMX control

Floor 1 of each

Included: T5 FH28W/60 (red)

T5 FH28W/66 (green) T5 FH28W/67 (blue)

T5 FH28W/827 (white)

Integrated Digital NA NA 120 128 2Luminaire: Martin Architectural Cyclo 03/04DMX Lamp: Osram

FD16" Dia. horizontal lamp CF downlight w/ clear specular reflector

Recessed 1 CFTR32W/GX24q/830 DIM-ELECTRONIC 82 3000 120 35

(1 lamp) 3Luminaire: Gotham AF TRT Open Lamp: Philips Ballast: Compact SE 5%

Watts Quantity CommentsBallast/ Transformer CRI CCT VoltsLuminaire

Designation Description Mounting Lamp

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Controls A 16-zone Lutron Graphik Eye 4000: Multi-Scene Controller controls the lobby lighting. Two 120V dimming panels for normal and emergency lighting are provided for this purpose. These panels are located in the nearby main electrical room. Ten zones are currently being utilized. A wall station is included for the receptionist while main control is through the graphik eye module in the adjacent valet office. A lighting control system panel, a component of the building automation system, further controls this graphik eye. No preset scenes are designated for the lobby area. Lighting is a preference of time-of-day, event, etc. Dimming ballasts are provided on most luminaires to allow for various levels of light output. Please refer to the fixture schedule for luminaires that are dimmable/not dimmable. Automatic shutoff is provided for all lobby fixtures not located on emergency circuits as required by ASHRAE 90.1. Necessary egress lighting will remain on for safe transition during an emergency. Manual override of the automatic shutoff is also possible for up to four hours as required by the standard. Integral switching is provided on the reception task lights as per ASHRAE 90.1 as well.

SP2 Ardee- Adjustable

Spotlight

UC1

Lithonia – Undercabinet

Tasklight

L1

Louis Poulsen- Floor Lamp

C1 Martin- Color

Change Cyc Light

FD1 Gotham-

Downlight

FC1 Focal Point- Covelight26

FP2 Lightolier –

Linear Pendant

FP3

American Glass Light-

Bowl Pendant

WW2 Litecontrol- Wall Washer

SC2

Energie- Artes Sconce

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1.2.7 Lighting Plans

Figure 1.2.7a: Lighting Plan with Fixture Designation, Controls, and Dimensioning

Figure 1.2.7b: Control Plan With Zone Indication

Figure 1.2.7c: Detail of Control of FP2

Control Control Description Zone

Note: Control obtained from dimming panels connected to the circuits above. See dimming system schematic diagram for details.

Wall Sconces- Dimmable 10-100%

h

j

Accent Fire Wall- Dimmable 0-100% k

01HNB-12

01HNB-12

01HNB-12

Downlights at Entry Doors- Dimmable 10-100%

01HNB-12

g

01HNB-12

Corridor Wall Wash- On/Off

dCoves Along Entrance- Dimmable 10-100%

cCove Along Seating Area- Dimmable 10-100%

01HNB-12 & 01HEA-16 Pendants in Seating Area- Dimmable 10-100% a

01HNB-12 bSpotlights on Artwork Wall- On/Off

01HEA-16 e

01HNB-12 & 01HEA-16 f

Lower Lamps of Pendants Above Reception- Dimmable 10-100%Upper Lamps of Pendants Above Reception- Dimmable 10-100%

01HNB-12

Figure 1.2.7d: Section Detail of Fire Wall

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1.2.8 Circuiting

1.2.9 Analysis ASHRAE 90.1 Power Density ASHRAE 90.1 Power Density Allowance: 1.8 W/sq.ft.

Design Watts: 2635 W Total Room Area: 1850 sq.ft.

Power Density: 1.42 W/sq.ft

Satisfies ASHRAE 90.1 Power Density Requirements

Luminaire Watts # ballasts used VA LoadFC1 122 & 6 & 1 796FP2 62 2 124

WW2 35 4 140UC1 28 2 56SP2 20 4 80FP3 76 8 608SC2 35 2 70L1 100 4 400C1 128 2 256

FD1 35 3 1052635

3293.75

Lighting LoadX Demand Factor (1.25)Total VA

Circuit Load (VA) Wire Size Breaker Size01HNB-12 2308 12 AWG 20 A01HEA-16 327 12 AWG 20 A

Figure 1.2.8a: Dimming System Schematic Diagram

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Light Loss Factors

Critical Design Performance Both horizontal and vertical illuminance criteria have been met by the lobby’s lighting design. Figure 1.2.9a displays the work plane illuminance of the lobby area. Here, it can be seen that the entire room achieves values of 30fc or above. This value, although not extremely high, is adequate for brief tasks that will take place within the space such as casual reading and waiting.

Clearly, from the diagram, the addition of the floor lamps adds illuminance to particular locations if it should be desired. Figure 1.2.9b also shows a critical horizontal illuminance distribution, in this case along the corridors to the elevator lobby. Values along these corridors are fairly uniform and are more than adequate for orientation in the lobby. Another important aspect to examine is the creation of points of interest. Spotlights have been added to highlight artwork, and at 25 fc (Figure

1.2.9c), the goal is accomplished. And, as always, vertical illuminance must promote appealing facial rendering with no unsightly shadows. The summary of illuminance data included within this section verifies that the average value of 22 fc along the receptionist’s face will indeed provide excellent facial rendering with light directed downward to his or her face. Meanwhile, tasks performed by the receptionist will be made easier with an average of 72 fc, above the 50fc recommended value.

FC1 VI Clean- 6 Months 5000 4700 0.94 0.92 0.89 1.00 0.77FP2 V Clean- 6 Months 5800 5500 0.95 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.82

WW2 IV Clean- 6 Months 2900 2750 0.95 0.94 0.95 1.01 0.86UC1 V Clean- 6 Months 1740 1440 0.83 0.92 0.97 1.00 0.74SP2 IV Clean- 6 Months 500 475 0.95 0.94 0.97 1.00 0.87FP3 VI Clean- 6 Months 12800 10880 0.85 0.92 0.94 0.98 0.72SC2 V Clean- 6 Months 668 625 0.94 0.92 0.95 1.00 0.82L1 IV Clean- 6 Months 1750 1488 0.85 0.94 0.96 1.00 0.77C1 VI Clean- 6 Months 11600 11000 0.95 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.82

FD1 IV Clean- 6 Months 2400 2040 0.85 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.76

Luminaire Designation

Maintenance Category

Cleaning/ Atmosphere

Initial Lms/ Luminaire

Design Lms/ Luminaire LLD LDD RSDD Ballast

Factor Total LLF

Figure 1.2.9a: Horizontal Illuminance Work Plane

Figure 1.2.9b: Horizontal Illuminance Corridors Figure 1.2.9c: Illuminance Along Pictures

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1.2.10 Renderings

Illuminance Value Summary (fc)

Lounge Work Plane Lounge Area

Near Pictures

Lounge- Vertical at

Seated HeightCorridor Floor Center of

Entry FloorReception

DeskReceptionist

Face

Average 40.99 22.35 19.63 20.15 28.25 71.61 21.75Maximum 78.1 51.3 21.8 24.9 33.6 104 25.4Minimum 20.4 1.2 17.1 10.8 0.2 45.6 16.8Avg/Min 2.01 18.63 1.15 1.87 141.25 1.57 1.29Max/Min 3.83 42.75 1.27 2.31 168 2.29 1.51Coeff. Of Var. 0.22 0.27 0.06 0.19 0.29 0.2 0.09Unif. Gradiant 1.61 17.07 1.02 1.3 67.88 1.21 1.09

Corridor- Vertical at Walking Height

Center of Entry Ceiling Picture 1 Picture 2 Washed

CorridorLounge Ceiling

Average 13.23 21.46 24.43 29.37 21.2 72.24Maximum 14.5 25.4 28.7 36.7 102 233Minimum 12.4 18.9 20.1 22.7 7.3 13Avg/Min 1.07 1.14 1.22 1.29 2.9 5.56Max/Min 1.17 1.34 1.43 1.62 14.05 17.94Coeff. Of Var. 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.14 1.05 0.72Unif. Gradient 1.02 1.11 1.13 1.11 5.12 1.86

Figure 1.2.10a: Fire Wall Upon Entering the Lobby

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Figure 1.2.10b: View From Behind Reception

Figure 1.2.10c: Entry Lobby

Figure 1.2.10d: View Upon Entering Lobby From Corridor

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Figure 1.2.10e: View Into Lounge

Figure 1.2.10c: Lounge

Figure 1.2.10d: Seated in Lounge

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1.2.11 Model Study As AGI 32 does not allow the replication of changing light patterns and complex glass forms, the fire wall could not be appropriately modeled within the software. To replicate the amount of light available from the wall in the model, a linear wall wash was used to wash a plain wall (reflectance 65%) within the AGI model. In order to verify the look of the fire wall, a mock-up must be conducted. A full-size mock-up is inappropriate for thesis work. However, a miniature model for visualization is possible. Therefore, a scale model of the fire wall was constructed. Materials within the wall cove were modeled as appropriately as possible, with reflective mylar to line the walls and ceiling. Transparent rippled plastic was used to replicate the rippled glass of the wall. Meanwhile, flame patterns were cut from translucent paper and mounted behind the plastic. A wheel was then constructed to hold colored gel samples that would rotate about two holes in the model’s base. Light may be supplied from below through these holes. The model was then tested using the fiber optic systems and light table within the Penn State light lab. A resulting video was made, and results may be viewed upon request. 1.2.12 Conclusions The lobby greets visitors with intrigue and comfortably accommodates their needs for casual tasks or orientation into the building. The primarily indirect light from cove applications and pendants allows for an enjoyable environment without undesirable reflected glare. Residents and visitors are guided to the reception desk for check-in or to the elevator lobby for access to other floors. In the lounge, residents may use the comfortable indirect light to read by or to enjoy the artwork that is highlighted nearby. Assistance is provided for receptionist tasks by integrated task lights, while his or her face will be easily distinguishable and free of unsightly shadowing. However, the receptionist will clearly not be the center of attention with the custom glass fireplace wall in place. Light provided from this application is dynamic and a conversation piece for those who pass by on the street. As the lobby is clearly seen from the street, a first class impression is a must, day-in and day-out. Along with the luminaires chosen and the flexible lighting system control, a high-end appearance is maintained.

Figure 1.2.11a: Model with Cover Removed