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Stephanie Holtery
Teach Crew 9
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History of Copyright Laws
Copyright Laws date back to 555 AD
Saint Columba hand-copied a manuscriptshe borrowed from the monk Finnen.
Finnen claimed ownership of the copy andtook the matter before the judge, the judgeruled in favor of Finnen stating, Le cach
boin a bonin, le cach lebar a lebran, or,With every cow goes its calf, with everybook goes the young of the book.
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The Purpose of Copyright Laws
Printed matter is the result of
someones labor and therefore theirintellectual property. Copyright Lawsprotect these individuals property fromtheft.
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Copyright Length
Work copyrighted by a company is
protected for 95 years after publication. Work copyrighted by an individual is
copyrighted for the authors life plus 70years.
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Copyright Law is Fundamental to
the American Legal System Copyright laws were originally enacted in1909, and were revised in 1976.
The constitution provides for copyright. Topromote the progress of science bysecuring for limited times to authors Theexclusive right to their respective writings.
A main goal of copyright is to stimulateartistic creativity for the general publicgood.
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Copyright Infringers
Claim not to be doing anything wrong but admitto modifying behavior to avoid consequences.
Believe pirating is a form of civil disobedience
against the music/film industries.
Believe the copyright law is unjust.
Willing to break the law and hope that the law
will change as a result of a massive infringement Just want the goods for free.
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Serious Consequences for Pirating
Example: in April 2003 alone:
$98 billion lawsuit filed against 4 college
students by the RIAA. Felony charges against a man for
copyright infringement for making a digitalcopy ofThe Hulk available online beforethe public premiere.
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Copyright Battles
People who are battling against
copyright laws in this digital age believethat copyright protections go too far, thetime a work is copyrighted is too long, andthe royalties that must be paid to the
intellectual property owners are too high.
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Fair Use Guidelines
Fair Use Guidelines help specify whatprinted materials a teacher may photocopy
General Principle behind fair useguidelines: not to impair the value of theowners copyright by diminishing thedemand for that work.
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The Teacher and the Law
Teachers May:
Make a single copy for class preparation
of a copyrighted work. Make a copy for each of their students if it
is a poem shorter than 250 words andprinted on 2 pages or less, or an article orshort story shorter than 2,500 words.
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The Teacher and the Law
Teachers may not: Make copies of a work for their classes if
another teacher in their building already has.
Make copies of the same authors work morethan once a semester. Create a copied class anthology (a favorite of
teachers) Make multiple copies of weekly newspapers,
games, exercises, or worksheets fromworkbooks.
Charge more for legally permissible copies thanit cost to copy them.
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The Teacher and the Law
Videotapes
Recorded television programs can only be
kept for 45 days after taping. The tape may be shown only twice in the
first 10 days after taping. Once for studentviewing, and once for review if necessary.
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The Teacher and the Law
Software and the Internet
Most web pages are protected bycopyright law.
Since the world wide web is global, worksavailable on it are protected by the BerneConvention for the Protection of Literary
and Artistic Works an internationaltreaty.
Software should not be shared or copied.
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What is the Role of HigherEducation in the Current Copyright
Debate? Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) This act extended the copyright law to address issues
raised by digital technology.
Title II Provides service providers (which include colleges and
universities) with a mechanism to limit their liability forcopyright infringement.
Does not require providers to monitor their networks for
copyright infringement. However, its does require actionsto be taken against known offenders. Focuses on the most egregious offenders. There are no repeat infringers in the DMCA college
system.
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FERPA
The RIAA and other intellectual property ownerscan subpoena your information if they havereasonable evidence that you are an infringer.
FERPA is often cited on campuses as thereason for not providing student information tothe public.
Students dont take into account the directoryinformation available to the public.
Currently under FERPA there is not requirementto notify a student of the release of theirdirectory information.
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Where does this leave us?
Copyright infringers are also voters avoting block that is in the millions.
Peer-to-peer users organizing in full forcecould cause change.
We need to focus on affecting particularssuch as cost of royalties and length ofcopyright protection rather than the entireissue of copyright.