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Dr. SWETLANA NAGALASSISTANT PROFESSOR
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
PHAGWARA
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Biotechnology Today Focuses on how to change microorganisms, plants and
animals
Scientist isolated and made changes to DNA in theearly 1970s
DNA carries the Blueprint
Genes are units of DNA
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The science disciplines which are included under
biotechnology are:
Microbiology Chemistry
Biochemistry Genetics
Molecularbiology Immunology
Cell and tissue culture Physiology
On the engineering side, it leans heavily on chemicaland biochemical engineering.
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Techniques
Biotechnology
Gene Mapping
Tissue Culture
Biofermentation
Gene Modification
Cloning
Gene Transfer
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USE OFSCIENTIFICAND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLESTO THE PROCESSING OF
MICROORGANISMS/CELLS/THEIRPRODUCTSTOPROVIDEGOODSAND SERVICESFOR THE
MANKIND
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Office of Tech Assessment
DefinitionAny technique that uses living organisms or
substances from those organisms to make or
modify a product, to improve plants or
animals.
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Cont.OR
to develop microorganisms forspecific
uses.
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Biotechnology in Agriculture
(Plants) Crops
Built in insect and herbicide resistance
Built in tolerance to environmental conditions
Improved color and quality Pharmaceuticals
Plants that produce edible vaccines
Food Improved taste and nutrition Improved handling qualities
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Organismic BiotechWorking with complete, intact
organisms or their cellsCloning is an example of
organismic biotech
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CloningProcess of producing a new
genetic replica of an organismfrom cells or tissues of existingorganism.
1997 cloned sheep Dolly inEdinburgh Scotland
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The Biotechnologyof ReproductiveCloning
Even under the bestof circumstances, thecurrent technology ofcloning is very
inefficient.
Cloning provides themost directdemonstration that
all cells of anindividual share acommon geneticblueprint.
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Molecular BiotechChanging the genetic make-
up of an organism GENE THERAPY
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Genetic EngineeringChanging the geneticinformation in a cell
Specific trait of one organismmay be isolated,cut, and moved
into the cell of anotherorganism
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Transgenicproducts of Genetic
engineering Are said to betransgenic
Geneticmaterial in anorganism has been altered
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Biotech examplesMedicine
AgricultureEnvironment
Forestry
Food and beverage processing
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MedicineTherapeutant - product used to
maintain health or prevent disease
Biopharmaceuticals drug orvaccine developed throughbiotechnology called designerdrugs
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EnvironmentalProblems naturally solved by
microorganisms such asbacteria, fungi break downcontaminant into a form less
harmful or not harmful
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Plant biotech Improve plants and the products
produced from them
Insect and disease resistance
Engineered to have desired
characteristics
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Animal BiotechImprove animals or the
products they produceAnimals may be used to
produce products thatpromote human health
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Animal BiotechIncrease productivity
Pigs engineered to producehuman hemoglobin
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Food and BeveragesUse of technology in producingand processing
Some biotech principles havebeen employed for hundreds of
yearsYeast in baking bread
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BiotechnologyHelps meet human needs
Food, clothing and shelterPlants and animals are used inmanufacturing food, clothing
and materials for shelter
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BiotechnologyUsed to make products more
useful or desirableEx: conversion of milk into
cheese or yogurt
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EfficiencyMust keep the cost of
improving products as low aspossible
Biotech results in greaterefficiency
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Health Promoting FoodsFood with unique traits
Some contain therapeutantsSome designed with nutrient
enrichment
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Route to theProduction byBacteria of
Human Insulin
Overview ofgene cloning.
Cloninganimation
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.html8/4/2019 15688 Dna,Rna Protein
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Route to the Production by Bacteria of Human Insulin
The final steps are to collect the bacteria, break open the cells, andpurify the insulin protein expressed from the recombinant humaninsulin gene.
Bi h l
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Biotechnology
Dolly andsurrogate
Mom
Genetically modified rice.
Embryonic stemcells and gene
therapy
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Some important fermentation products
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Some important fermentation products
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THANKS