3/3/2016 187 words Vocabulary List : Vocabulary.com
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VOCABULARY LISTS
187 wordsMarch 3, 2016 By Mr. Rathore (India)
dodg‧y / ˈdɒdʒi $ ˈdɑː- / adjective British English informal
1 not working properly or not in good condition :
Norton Disk Doctor can perform miracles on a dodgy hard disk.
1.
of uncertain outcome; especially fraught with risk
in‧un‧date / ˈɪnәndeɪt / verb [ transitive ]
1 be inundated (with/by something) to receive so much of
something that you cannot easily deal with it all SYN swamp :
After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more
information.
2.
covered with water
...world apparition an image of a dead person that someone sees
suddenly for a short time : He claimed to have seen an apparition
in the church. poltergeist a ghost that people cannot see, which
throws things or moves things around : The house was haunted by
a poltergeist that makes things move around all by themselves,...
3.
a ghost that creates disorder and noise
scav‧enge / ˈskævәndʒ, ˈskævɪndʒ / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]
1 if an animal scavenges, it eats anything that it can find : Pigs
scavenged among the rubbish. scavenge for rats scavenging for
food 2 if someone scavenges, they search...
4.
clean refuse from
5.
spread or diffuse through
dodgy
inundated
poltergeist
scavenge
permeate
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per‧me‧ate / ˈpɜːmieɪt $ ˈpɜːr- / verb
1 [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive ] if liquid, gas
etc permeates something, it enters it and spreads through every
part of it :
The smell of diesel oil permeated the air.
permeate through/into
Rain permeates through the ground to add to ground water
levels.
re‧viv‧i‧fy / riːˈvɪvәfaɪ, riːˈvɪvɪfaɪ / verb ( past tense and past
participle revivified , present participle revivifying , third person
singular revivifies ) [ transitive ]
formal to give new life and health to someone or something :
The aim was to strengthen and revivify the Labour Party.
6.
give new life or energy to
ru‧di‧men‧ta‧ry / ˌruːdәˈment ә ri◂, ˌruːdɪˈment ә ri◂ / adjective
1 a rudimentary knowledge or understanding of a subject is very
simple and basic OPP sophisticated :
Gradually, I acquired a rudimentary knowledge of music.
my rudimentary German
2 rudimentary equipment, methods, systems etc are very basic
and not advanced :
subsistence farming in its most rudimentary form
The classroom equipment is pretty rudimentary.
7.
being in the earliest stages of development
par‧a‧digm / ˈpærәdaɪm / noun [ countable ]
1 technical a model or example that shows how something works
or is produced
paradigm of
the basic paradigm of the family tree
2 formal a very clear or typical example of something
paradigm of
Pius XII remained the paradigm of what a pope should be.
— paradigmatic / ˌpærәdɪɡˈmætɪk◂ / adjective
— paradigmatically / -kli / adverb
8.
a standard or typical example
revivify
rudimentary
paradigm
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| She was passionate and wilful – exactly the sort of creature a
man ought to avoid.
ornery American English behaving in an unreasonable and often
angry way, especially by doing the opposite of what people want
you to do : an ornery kid | Teenagers can be ornery and rude.
9.
having a difficult and contrary disposition
rep‧er‧toire / ˈrepәtwɑː $ -pәrtwɑːr / noun [ countable usually
singular ]
1 all the plays, pieces of music etc that a performer or group knows
and can perform
in sb’s repertoire
The group include some techno in their repertoire.
repertoire of
a wide repertoire of songs
2 the total number of things that someone or something is able to
do :
the behavioural repertoire of infants
10.
the range of skills in a particular field or occupation
strad‧dle / ˈstrædl / verb [ transitive ]
1 to sit or stand with your legs on either side of someone or
something :
The photo shows him dressed in leather, straddling a motorbike.
11.
sit or stand astride of
ob‧fus‧cate / ˈɒbfәskeɪt $ ˈɑːb- / verb [ transitive ] formal
to deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand
SYN confuse
— obfuscation / ˌɒbfәˈskeɪʃ ә n $ ˌɑːb- / noun [ uncountable ]
12.
darkening or obscuring the sight of something
e‧bul‧li‧ent / ɪˈbʌliәnt, ɪˈbʊ- / adjective formal
13.
overflowing with eager enjoyment or approval
ornery
repertoire
straddle
obfuscation
ebullience
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very happy and excited :
My father is a naturally ebullient personality.
— ebullience noun [ uncountable ]
AIR/WEATHER
damp slightly wet, especially in a cold unpleasant way : It was a
cold damp morning.
humid hot and damp in an unpleasant way : Florida can be very
humid in the summer.
muggy warm and damp and making you feel uncomfortable : This
muggy weather gives me a headache.
dank dank air is cold and damp and smells unpleasant – used
especially about the air inside a room : The dank air smelled of
stale sweat.
14.
hot or warm and humid
squeam‧ish / ˈskwiːmɪʃ / adjective
1 easily shocked or upset, or easily made to feel sick by seeing
unpleasant things
2 the squeamish [ plural ] people who are squeamish :
His new novel is not for the squeamish .
— squeamishness noun [ uncountable ]
15.
excessively fastidious and easily disgusted
ram‧i‧fi‧ca‧tion / ˌræmәfәˈkeɪʃ ә n, ˌræmɪfәˈkeɪʃ ә n / noun [
countable usually plural ] formal
an additional result of something you do, which may not have been
clear when you first decided to do it → implications , implication :
an agreement which was to have significant ramifications for
British politics
ramification of
the practical ramifications of taking on a new job
legal/political/economic etc ramifications
the environmental ramifications of the road-building program
16.
in accord with established conventions and requirements
17.
not in harmonious or agreeable combination
muggy
squeamish
formal
incompatible
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| At first I felt a bit out of place.
incompatible two ideas or things that are incompatible cannot
exist or be done together.
ram‧i‧fi‧ca‧tion / ˌræmәfәˈkeɪʃ ә n, ˌræmɪfәˈkeɪʃ ә n / noun [
countable usually plural ] formal
an additional result of something you do, which may not have been
clear when you first decided to do it → implications , implication :
an agreement which was to have significant ramifications for
British politics
ramification of
the practical ramifications of taking on a new job
legal/political/economic etc ramifications
the environmental ramifications of the road-building program
18.
a development that complicates a situation
tread 1 / tred / verb ( past tense trod / trɒd $ trɑːd / , past
participle trodden / ˈtrɒdn $ ˈtrɑːdn / )
1 STEP IN/ON [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition ] British
English to put your foot on or in something while you are walking
SYN step
tread in/on
Sorry, did I tread on your foot?
19.
a form of the verb used as an adjective
wean / wiːn / verb [ transitive ] to gradually stop feeding a baby or
young animal on its mother’s milk and start giving it ordinary food
wean...
20.
gradually deprive of mother's milk
stri‧dent / ˈstraɪd ә nt / adjective
1 forceful and determined, especially in a way that is offensive or
annoying :
strident criticism
2 a strident sound or voice is loud and unpleasant :
the strident calls of seagulls
21.
unpleasantly loud and harsh
ramification
participle
wean
strident
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— stridently adverb
— stridency noun [ uncountable ]
pri‧mor‧di‧al / praɪˈmɔːdiәl $ -ˈmɔːr- / adjective formal
1 existing at the beginning of time or the beginning of the Earth :
the primordial seas
2 primordial feelings are very strong and seem to come from the
part of people’s character that is ancient and animal-like :
He was driven on by a primordial terror.
22.
having existed from the beginning
con‧glom‧e‧ra‧tion / kәnˌɡlɒmәˈreɪʃ ә n $ -ˌɡlɑː- / noun [ countable ]
formal
a group of different things gathered together
conglomeration of
the loose conglomeration of artists known as L'École de Paris
23.
a sum total of many heterogeneous things taken together
in‧con‧gru‧ous / ɪnˈkɒŋɡruәs $ -ˈkɑːŋ- / adjective
strange, unexpected, or unsuitable in a particular situation :
The new theatre looks utterly incongruous in its setting.
— incongruously adverb
THESAURUS
unsuitable/not suitable not having the right qualities for a
particular person, purpose, or situation : These toys are not suitable
for children under 3.
24.
lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness
neb‧u‧lous / ˈnebjәlәs, ˈnebjʊlәs / adjective formal
1 an idea that is nebulous is not at all clear or exact SYN vague :
‘Normality’ is a rather nebulous concept.
25.
lacking definite form or limits
26.
bite or chew on with the teeth
primordial
conglomeration
incongruous
nebulous
gnaw
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gnaw / nɔː $ nɒː / verb [ intransitive, transitive always +
adverb/preposition ]
to keep biting something hard SYN chew :
Dexter gnawed his pen thoughtfully.
| The men had disguised the vessel as fishing boat.
camouflage to hide something by covering it with materials that
make it look like the things around it : We camouflaged the plane
by covering it with leaves.
27.
an outward semblance misrepresenting the nature of something
di‧dac‧tic / daɪˈdæktɪk, dә- / adjective
1 speech or writing that is didactic is intended to teach people a
moral lesson :
His novel has a didactic tone.
28.
instructive, especially excessively
2 I don’t envy you/her etc spoken used to say that you are glad that
you are not in the bad situation that someone else is in
ex‧pe‧di‧tion / ˌekspәˈdɪʃ ә n, ˌekspɪˈdɪʃ ә n / noun
1 [ countable ] a long and carefully organized journey, especially to
a dangerous or unfamiliar place, or the people that make this
journey :
an expedition to the North Pole
another Everest expedition
on an expedition
He went on an expedition to Borneo.
29.
an organized group of people undertaking a journey
e‧poch / ˈiːpɒk $ ˈepәk / noun [ countable ] a period of history SYN
era : the Victorian epoch The king’s death marked the end of an
epoch . the beginning of a new epoch THESAURUS A PERIOD IN
HISTORY period a particular...
30.
a period marked by distinctive character
camouflage
didactic
expedition
epoch
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scin‧til‧lat‧ing / ˈsɪntәleɪtɪŋ, ˈsɪntɪleɪtɪŋ / adjective
interesting, clever, and amusing :
scintillating conversation
a scintillating performance
31.
having brief brilliant points or flashes of light
in‧cen‧di‧a‧ry 1 / ɪnˈsendiәri $ -dieri / adjective
1 [ only before noun ] designed to cause a fire
incendiary bomb/device
The explosion seems to have been caused by an incendiary device.
32.
capable of catching fire spontaneously
in‧can‧des‧cent / ˌɪnkænˈdes ә nt◂ $ -kәn- / adjective
1 very angry :
The prince was said to be incandescent with rage .
33.
emitting light as a result of being heated
Jill asked, trying to sound nonchalant.
— nonchalance noun [ uncountable ]
— nonchalantly adverb :
He smiled nonchalantly.
34.
in a composed and unconcerned manner
e‧poch / ˈiːpɒk $ ˈepәk / noun [ countable ] a period of history SYN
era : the Victorian epoch The king’s death marked the end of an
epoch . the beginning of a new epoch THESAURUS A PERIOD IN...
35.
a period marked by distinctive character
tread 1 / tred / verb ( past tense trod / trɒd $ trɑːd / , past
36.
put down or press the foot, place the foot
scintillating
incendiary
incandescent
nonchalantly
era
tread
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participle trodden / ˈtrɒdn $ ˈtrɑːdn / )
1 STEP IN/ON [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition ] British
English to put your foot on or in something while you are walking
SYN step
tread in/on
Sorry, did I tread on your foot?
cha‧rade / ʃәˈrɑːd $ ʃәˈreɪd / noun
1 charades [ uncountable ] a game in which one person uses
actions and no words to show the meaning of a word or phrase,
and other people have to guess what it is
2 [ countable ] a situation in which people behave as though
something is true or serious, when it is not really true :
Unless more money is given to schools, all this talk of improving
education is just a charade.
37.
a word acted out in an episode of a game
| Sheila walked into the museum, under the stern gaze of the
curator.
harsh punishing or criticizing someone in a way that seems very
severe, often too severe : Don’t be too harsh on her – she’s only a
child.
38.
point out real or perceived flaws
| I wish you’d stop being so pig-headed! headstrong very
determined to do what you want, often without thinking about the
results of your actions – used especially about young people : As a
girl, she had been...
39.
habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition
damp 1 / dæmp / adjective 1 slightly wet, often in an unpleasant
way : Wipe the leather with a damp cloth. a cold, damp day ...
40.
slightly wet
41.
someone who collects things discarded by others
charade
criticize
headstrong
damp
scavenger
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...objects : There are people who live in the dump and scavenge
garbage for a living. scavenge for Women were scavenging for old
furniture. — scavenger noun [ countable ] : Foxes and other
scavengers go through the dustbins.
2 technical producing a bright light when heated :
the invention of the incandescent lamp
3 literary very bright :
incandescent flowers
— incandescence noun [ uncountable ]
per‧di‧tion / pәˈdɪʃ ә n $ pәr- / noun [ uncountable ] old use
1 punishment after death
2 complete destruction or failure :
an alcoholic on the road to perdition
42.
light emission by a body as its temperature is raised
chide / tʃaɪd / verb [ intransitive and transitive ] written
to tell someone that you do not approve of something that they
have done or said SYN scold :
‘Edward, you are naughty,’ Dorothy chided.
chide somebody for (doing) something
She chided him for not responding to her Christmas cards.
43.
censure severely or angrily
2 seeming to be false, dishonest, or not to be trusted :
One girl thought the men looked dodgy.
dodgy share dealings
3 involving risk or danger :
There were a few dodgy moments.
44.
deceptive or fraudulent
ex‧u‧be‧rant / ɪɡˈzjuːb ә rәnt $ ɪɡˈzuː- / adjective
1 happy and full of energy and excitement :
an exuberant personality
2 exuberant decorations, patterns etc are exciting and
complicated or colourful :
45.
joyously unrestrained
incandescence
chide
dishonest
exuberant
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exuberant carvings
— exuberance noun [ uncountable ] :
She needs to try and control her natural exuberance.
— exuberantly adverb
os‧ten‧si‧bly / ɒˈstensәbli, ɒˈstensɪbli $ ɑː- / adverb
if something is ostensibly true, people say that it is true but it is
not really true SYN supposedly :
She stayed behind at the office, ostensibly to work.
46.
from appearances alone
in‧trin‧sic / ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk, -zɪk / adjective
being part of the nature or character of someone or something
OPP extrinsic :
the intrinsic interest of the subject
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something
There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it
more suitable for women.
intrinsic to
Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management.
— intrinsically / -kli / adverb :
Science is seen as intrinsically good.
47.
belonging to a thing by its very nature
in‧trin‧sic / ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk, -zɪk / adjective
being part of the nature or character of someone or something
OPP extrinsic :
the intrinsic interest of the subject
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something
There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it
more suitable for women.
intrinsic to
Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management.
— intrinsically / -kli / adverb :
Science is seen as intrinsically good.
48.
not forming an essential part of a thing
49.
with respect to its inherent nature
ostensibly
intrinsic
extrinsic
intrinsically
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in‧trin‧sic / ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk, -zɪk / adjective
being part of the nature or character of someone or something
OPP extrinsic :
the intrinsic interest of the subject
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something
There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it
more suitable for women.
intrinsic to
Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management.
— intrinsically / -kli / adverb :
Science is seen as intrinsically good.
grot‧to / ˈɡrɒtәʊ $ ˈɡrɑːtoʊ / noun ( plural grottos or grottoes ) [
countable ]
a small attractive CAVE
de‧lir‧i‧ous / dɪˈlɪriәs / adjective
1 talking continuously in an excited or anxious way, especially
because you are ill :
He suffered an attack of malaria and was delirious.
50.
experiencing hallucinations
2 technical if animals such as cows ruminate, they bring food back
into their mouths from their stomachs and CHEW it again
— rumination / ˌruːmәˈneɪʃ ә n, ˌruːmɪˈneɪʃ ә n / noun [
uncountable and countable ]
51.
a calm, lengthy, intent consideration
2 formal to cover an area with a large amount of water SYN flood :
The tidal wave inundated vast areas of cropland.
— inundation / ˌɪnәnˈdeɪʃ ә n / noun [ uncountable and countable
]
52.
an overwhelming number or amount
re‧con‧nais‧sance / rɪˈkɒnәs ә ns, rɪˈkɒnɪs ә ns $ rɪˈkɑː- / noun [
uncountable and countable ]
the military activity of sending soldiers and aircraft to find out
53.
the act of scouting
delirious
rumination
inundation
reconnaissance
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about the enemy’s forces :
reconnaissance aircraft
a reconnaissance mission
wartime roles such as observation and reconnaissance
per‧me‧ate / ˈpɜːmieɪt $ ˈpɜːr- / verb
1 [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive ] if liquid, gas
etc permeates something, it enters it and spreads through every
part of it :
The smell of diesel oil permeated the air.
permeate through/into
Rain permeates through the ground to add to ground water levels.
54.
an internal-combustion engine that burns heavy oil
thrall / θrɔːl $ θrɒːl / noun
in sb’s/sth’s thrall ( also in thrall to somebody/something ) literary
controlled or strongly influenced by someone or something :
We have a congress that is in thrall to special interest groups.
55.
the state of being under the control of another person
ru‧mi‧nate / ˈruːmәneɪt, ˈruːmɪneɪt / verb [ intransitive ]
1 formal to think carefully and deeply about something
ruminate on/over
He sat alone, ruminating on the injustice of the world.
56.
reflect deeply on a subject
sub‧ju‧gate / ˈsʌbdʒәɡeɪt, ˈsʌbdʒʊɡeɪt / verb [ transitive usually
passive ] formal
to defeat a person or group and make them obey you :
The native population was subjugated and exploited.
subjugated people/nation/country
subjugate somebody to somebody/something
Her own needs had been subjugated to (= not considered as
important as ) the needs of her family.
— subjugation / ˌsʌbdʒәˈɡeɪʃ ә n, ˌsʌbdʒʊˈɡeɪʃ ә n / noun [
uncountable ]
57.
make subservient; force to submit or subdue
diesel
thrall
ruminate
subjugate
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per‧pe‧tu‧i‧ty / ˌpɜːpәˈtjuːәti, ˌpɜːpɪˈtjuːәti $ ˌpɜːrpәˈtuː- / noun
in perpetuity law for all future time SYN forever :
The land had been promised to the Indian tribes in perpetuity.
58.
the property of being seemingly ceaseless
in‧cog‧ni‧to / ˌɪnkɒɡˈniːtәʊ $ ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ / adverb
if a famous person does something incognito, they do it without
letting people know who they are → disguise :
That night, Lenin travelled incognito to the party headquarters.
59.
without revealing one's identity
shud‧der 1 / ˈʃʌdә $ -әr / verb [ intransitive ]
1 to shake for a short time because you are afraid or cold, or
because you think something is very unpleasant :
Maria shuddered as she stepped outside.
shudder with
I shudder with embarrassment whenever I think about it.
shudder at
She shuddered at the thought that she could have been killed.
60.
tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement
ram‧i‧fi‧ca‧tion / ˌræmәfәˈkeɪʃ ә n, ˌræmɪfәˈkeɪʃ ә n / noun [
countable usually plural ] formal
an additional result of something you do, which may not have been
clear when you first decided to do it → implications , implication :
an agreement which was to have significant ramifications for
British politics
ramification of
the practical ramifications of taking on a new job
legal/political/economic etc ramifications
the environmental ramifications of the road-building program
61.
grammatical number category referring to two or more items
62.
any attire that conceals the wearer's identity
perpetuity
incognito
shudder
plural
disguise
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dis‧guise 1 / dɪsˈɡaɪz / verb [ transitive ]
1 to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot
recognize them
disguise yourself as somebody/something
Maybe you could disguise yourself as a waiter and sneak in there.
| Make sure that the soil is moist.
clammy slightly wet and sticky, in an unpleasant way – used
especially about someone’s skin : His hands were cold and
clammy.
63.
unpleasantly cool and humid
con‧ceive / kәnˈsiːv / verb 1 [ intransitive and transitive ] formal to
imagine a particular situation or to think about something in a
particular way (cannot) conceive of (doing) something Many
people can’t conceive of a dinner without meat or fish. conceive
that He could not conceive that anything really serious could be...
64.
have the idea for
de‧mure / dɪˈmjʊә $ -ˈmjʊr / adjective
1 quiet, serious, and well-behaved – used especially about women
in the past :
Old photos of Maggie show her young and demure.
65.
affectedly shy especially in a playful or provocative way
o‧blit‧er‧ate / әˈblɪtәreɪt / verb [ transitive ]
1 to destroy something completely so that nothing remains :
Hiroshima was nearly obliterated by the atomic bomb.
66.
remove completely from recognition or memory
har‧bin‧ger / ˈhɑːbɪndʒә $ ˈhɑːrbɪndʒәr / noun [ countable ] literary
or formal
a sign that something is going to happen soon
67.
something indicating the approach of something or someone
clammy
conceive
demure
obliterate
harbinger
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harbinger of
These birds are considered to be harbingers of doom .
| Some dogs end up in totally unsuitable homes.
not appropriate/ inappropriate not suitable for a particular
situation or purpose – used especially about someone's behaviour
or language : Slang is not appropriate in an academic essay.
68.
not suitable for a particular occasion etc
ves‧tige / ˈvestɪdʒ / noun [ countable ] formal
1 a small part or amount of something that remains when most of
it no longer exists SYN trace
vestige of
The new law removed the last vestiges of royal power.
69.
an indication that something has been present
brusque / bruːsk, brʊsk $ brʌsk / adjective
using very few words, in a way that seems rude SYN abrupt :
a brusque manner
— brusquely adverb
— brusqueness noun [ uncountable ]
70.
marked by rude or peremptory shortness
...him to shreds. pan to strongly criticize a film, play etc in the
newspapers, on TV etc : Her first movie was panned by the critics.
be pilloried especially written to be strongly criticized by a lot of
people in the newspapers, on TV etc : He was pilloried in the right-
wing press. condemn to say...
71.
a wooden instrument of punishment on a post
THESAURUS
SEEMING TO BE DISHONEST
suspicious if someone or something seems suspicious, they make
72.
fraught with uncertainty or doubt
inappropriate
vestige
brusque
pillory
dubious
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you think that something dishonest or illegal is happening : The
police are treating the boy’s death as suspicious.
dubious if something seems dubious, you think it may not be
completely true, right, or honest : He has a rather dubious
reputation.
in‧tru‧sion / ɪnˈtruːʒ ә n / noun [ uncountable and countable ]
1 when someone does something, or something happens, that
affects your private life or activities in an unwanted way
intrusion into/on/upon
I resented this intrusion into my domestic affairs.
the unwelcome intrusion of the press
2 when something comes into a place or situation and has an
unwanted effect :
the intrusion of badly designed new buildings in the historic high
street
73.
entrance by force or without permission or welcome
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + EXPEDITION
a scientific expedition He led the first major British scientific
expedition to the Amazon.
an Arctic/Antarctic expedition I accompanied the explorer on one of
his Arctic expeditions.
a military expedition The generals decided to launch a military
expedition to the region.
a punitive expedition (= one an army undertakes to punish
someone ) The Afghan army mounted a punitive expedition
against the local militia groups.
74.
inflicting punishment
| He was dressed in a three-piece suit with an incongruous tie
shaped like a fish.
inconvenient an inconvenient place or time is not suitable and
causes problems for you : He always seems to call at inconvenient
times.
75.
not well timed
76.
the act of bending low with the limbs close to the body
intrusion
punitive
inconvenient
crouch
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crouch / kraʊtʃ / verb [ intransitive ]
1 ( also crouch down ) to lower your body close to the ground by
bending your knees completely → squat :
He crouched in the shadows near the doorway.
her‧ald 1 / ˈherәld / verb [ transitive ]
1 to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon :
A flash of lightning heralded torrential rain.
77.
relating to or resulting from the action of a downpour
...Politicians were quick to condemn the bombing. in‧ti‧mate 1 /
ˈɪntәmәt, ˈɪntɪmәt / adjective 1 RESTAURANT/MEAL/PLACE private
and friendly so that you feel comfortable : the intimate
atmosphere of a country pub an intimate meal for two The
collection has been moved from its intimate setting to the British
Museum.
78.
marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity
im‧pe‧tus / ˈɪmpәtәs, ˈɪmpɪtәs / noun [ uncountable ]
1 an influence that makes something happen or makes it happen
more quickly
impetus for
The report may provide further impetus for reform.
79.
a force that moves something along
ob‧sti‧nate / ˈɒbstәnәt, ˈɒbstɪnәt $ ˈɑːb- / adjective
1 determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc,
even when other people think you are being unreasonable SYN
stubborn :
He was the most obstinate man I’ve ever met.
80.
marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield
in‧dom‧i‧ta‧ble / ɪnˈdɒmәtәb ә l, ɪnˈdɒmɪtәb ә l $ ɪnˈdɑː- / adjective
81.
impossible to subdue
torrential
intimate
impetus
obstinate
indomitable
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formal
having great determination or courage :
an indomitable old lady
indomitable spirit/will/courage etc
Alice was a woman of indomitable spirit.
in‧fal‧li‧ble / ɪnˈfælәb ә l, ɪnˈfælɪb ә l / adjective
1 always right and never making mistakes OPP fallible :
No expert is infallible.
an infallible memory
2 something that is infallible always works or has the intended
effect → fail-safe :
He had an infallible cure for a hangover.
— infallibly adverb
— infallibility / ɪnˌfælәˈbɪlәti, ɪnˌfælɪˈbɪlәti / noun [ uncountable ]
82.
incapable of failure or error
ex‧u‧be‧rant / ɪɡˈzjuːb ә rәnt $ ɪɡˈzuː- / adjective
1 happy and full of energy and excitement :
an exuberant personality
2 exuberant decorations, patterns etc are exciting and complicated
or colourful :
exuberant carvings
— exuberance noun [ uncountable ] :
She needs to try and control her natural exuberance.
— exuberantly adverb
83.
joyful enthusiasm
e‧bul‧li‧ent / ɪˈbʌliәnt, ɪˈbʊ- / adjective formal
very happy and excited :
My father is a naturally ebullient personality.
— ebullience noun [ uncountable ]
84.
joyously unrestrained
...hotel room while on drugs. obliterate formal to destroy a place so
completely that nothing remains : The nuclear blast obliterated
85.
the remains of something that has been destroyed
infallible
exuberance
ebullient
rubble
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most of Hiroshima. reduce something to ruins/ rubble/ashes to
destroy a building or town completely : The town was reduced to
rubble in the First World War. ruin to spoil something completely,
so that it cannot...
vile / vaɪl / adjective
1 informal extremely unpleasant or bad SYN horrible :
This coffee tastes really vile .
a vile smell
She has a vile temper .
86.
morally reprehensible
mon‧strous / ˈmɒnstrәs $ ˈmɑːn- / adjective
1 very wrong, immoral, or unfair :
It’s monstrous to charge that much for a hotel room.
87.
distorted and unnatural in shape or size
re‧gress / rɪˈɡres / verb [ intransitive ]
technical to go back to an earlier and worse condition, or to a less
developed way of behaving OPP progress :
The patient had regressed to a state of childish dependency.
88.
go back to a previous state
be‧lea‧guered / bɪˈliːɡәd $ -әrd / adjective [ usually before noun ]
formal
1 experiencing a lot of problems or criticism :
the country’s beleaguered steel industry
2 surrounded by an army :
Supplies are being brought into the beleaguered city.
89.
annoy persistently
...adjective COLLOCATIONS ADJECTIVES an old cliché He seemed to
believe that old cliché about a woman’s place being in the home. a
90.
so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
vile
monstrous
regress
beleaguer
boring
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tired cliché (= boring because it has been used so often ) The story
is based on a series of tired clichés. a worn-out cliché (= very boring
) His writing is...
do‧cile / ˈdәʊsaɪl $ ˈdɑːs ә l / adjective
quiet and easily controlled :
Labradors are gentle, docile dogs.
— docilely adverb
— docility / dәʊˈsɪlәti, dәʊˈsɪlɪti $ dɑː- / noun [ uncountable ]
91.
easily handled or managed
...Her mother was a plump cheerful woman. flabby having soft
loose skin that looks unattractive : a flabby stomach | Her body
was getting old and flabby. portly literary fat and round – used
especially about fairly old men : The bishop was a portly middle-
aged gentleman.
92.
fairly fat
in‧tu‧i‧tion / ˌɪntjuˈɪʃ ә n $ -tu-, -tju- / noun
1 [ uncountable ] the ability to understand or know something
because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts SYN
instinct :
feminine intuition
Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
93.
instinctive knowing, without the use of rational processes
stern 1 / stɜːn $ stɜːrn / adjective
1 serious and strict, and showing strong disapproval of someone’s
behaviour :
sterner penalties for drug offences
stern look/voice/expression etc
‘Wait!’
94.
of a strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect
95.
strongly or vigorously
docile
portly
intuition
stern
strenuously
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2 active and determined :
Sherry’s been making a strenuous effort to lose weight.
— strenuously adverb :
Barrett strenuously denied rumors that he would resign.
| He was chewing on a cigar.
gnaw if an animal gnaws something, it bites it repeatedly : The dog
was in the yard gnawing on a bone.
nip somebody/give somebody a nip to give someone or something
a small sharp bite : When I took the hamster out of his cage, he
nipped me.
nibble to take a lot of small bites from something : A fish nibbled at
the bait.
96.
sever or remove by pinching
rev‧e‧rie / ˈrevәri / noun [ uncountable and countable ]
a state of imagining or thinking about pleasant things, that is like
dreaming → daydream :
She was startled out of her reverie by a loud crash.
97.
an abstracted state of absorption
...ә n / noun [ countable ] something that you imagine you can see,
especially the spirit of a dead person : He stared at the strange
apparition before him. a ghostly apparition of a man
THESAURUS ghost the spirit of a dead person that some people
think they can feel or see in...
98.
a ghostly appearing figure
...) The committee unanimously condemned the idea.
vehemently/vigorously/fiercely condemn something/somebody (= in
a very strong or angry way ) The educational reforms were
vehemently condemned by teachers. utterly/ unequivocally
condemn something/somebody (= very definitely and with no
doubts ) We utterly condemn any acts of violence.
99.
in an unambiguous manner
nip
reverie
apparition
unequivocally
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| It all sounds highly dubious to me. | the country’s dubious record
on human rights shady shady business deals or people seem to be
dishonest or connected with secret and illegal activities : Several
senior members of the party had been involved in shady deals....
100.
sheltered from the sun's rays
gim‧mick / ˈɡɪmɪk / noun [ countable ] informal
a trick or something unusual that you do to make people notice
someone or something – used to show disapproval → stunt :
advertising gimmicks
— gimmicky adjective
— gimmickry noun [ uncountable ]
101.
any clever maneuver
con‧strue / kәnˈstruː / verb [ transitive usually in passive ]
to understand a remark or action in a particular way →
misconstrue
construe something as something
comments that could be construed as sexist
The term can be construed in two different ways.
102.
make sense of; assign a meaning to
2 formal a large flood, or period when there is a lot of rain SYN
flood
im‧per‧tur‧ba‧ble / ˌɪmpәˈtɜːbәb ә l $ -pәrˈtɜːr- / adjective
remaining calm and unworried in spite of problems or difficulties
SYN unflappable
— imperturbably adverb
— imperturbability / ˌɪmpәtɜːbәˈbɪlәti, ˌɪmpәtɜːbәˈbɪlɪti $ -pәrtɜːr- /noun [ uncountable ]
103.
marked by extreme calm and composure
em‧pir‧i‧cal / ɪmˈpɪrɪk ә l / adjective [ only before noun ]
104.
derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
shady
gimmick
construe
imperturbable
empirical
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based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP
theoretical , hypothetical :
empirical evidence
— empirically / -kli / adverb
er‧u‧dite / ˈerәdaɪt, ˈerʊdaɪt / adjective
showing a lot of knowledge based on careful study SYN learned
— eruditely adverb
— erudition / ˌerәˈdɪʃ ә n, ˌerʊˈdɪʃ ә n / noun [ uncountable ]
105.
having or showing profound knowledge
aes‧thet‧ic 1 , esthetic / iːsˈθetɪk, es- $ es- / adjective
connected with beauty and the study of beauty :
From an esthetic point of view, it’s a nice design.
a work of great aesthetic appeal
— aesthetically / -kli / adverb :
aesthetically pleasing
106.
characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste
im‧bibe / ɪmˈbaɪb / verb [ intransitive and transitive ] formal
1 to drink something, especially alcohol – sometimes used
humorously :
Both men imbibed considerable quantities of gin.
107.
take in liquids
Jill asked, trying to sound nonchalant.
— nonchalance noun [ uncountable ]
— nonchalantly adverb :
He smiled nonchalantly.
108.
the trait of remaining calm and seeming not to care
im‧bue / ɪmˈbjuː / verb
imbue somebody/something with something phrasal verb formal
109.
spread or diffuse through
erudite
aesthetic
imbibe
nonchalance
imbue
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to make someone or something have a quality, idea, or emotion
very strongly :
His philosophical writings are imbued with religious belief.
in‧ cog‧ni‧to / ˌɪnkɒɡˈniːtәʊ $ ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ / adverb
if a famous person does something incognito, they do it without
letting people know who they are → disguise :
That night, Lenin travelled incognito to the party headquarters.
110.
tooth on the rim of gear wheel
ob‧sti‧nate / ˈɒbstәnәt, ˈɒbstɪnәt $ ˈɑːb- / adjective
1 determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc,
even when other people think you are being unreasonable SYN
stubborn :
He was the most obstinate man I’ve ever met.
111.
tenaciously unwilling to yield
con‧strue / kәnˈstruː / verb [ transitive usually in passive ]
to understand a remark or action in a particular way →
misconstrue
construe something as something
comments that could be construed as sexist
The term can be construed in two different ways.
112.
interpret in the wrong way
mor‧ti‧fied / ˈmɔːtәfaɪd, ˈmɔːtɪfaɪd $ ˈmɔːr- / adjective
extremely offended, ashamed, or embarrassed
mortified to hear/find etc
Nora was mortified to discover that her daughter had been out
drinking.
— mortification / ˌmɔːtәfәˈkeɪʃ ә n, ˌmɔːtɪfәˈkeɪʃ ә n $ ˌmɔːr- / noun [
uncountable ]
113.
made to feel uncomfortable because of shame or wounded pride
114.
so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe
cog
stubborn
misconstrue
mortified
prodigious
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pro‧di‧gious / prәˈdɪdʒәs / adjective [ usually before noun ]
very large or great in a surprising or impressive way
prodigious amounts/quantities of something
Some galaxies seem to release prodigious amounts of energy.
the artist’s prodigious output
— prodigiously adverb
yob / jɒb $ jɑːb / ( also yob‧bo / ˈjɒbәʊ $ ˈjɑːboʊ / ) noun [
countable ] British English
a rude noisy and sometimes violent young man SYN lout :
drunken yobbos
115.
an awkward stupid person
so‧nor‧ous / ˈsɒnәrәs, sәˈnɔːrәs $ sәˈnɔːrәs, ˈsɑːnәrәs / adjective
literary
having a pleasantly deep loud sound :
a sonorous voice
— sonorously adverb
116.
full and loud and deep
| The plane crashed into a suburb of Paris, demolishing several
buildings.
flatten to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing
it etc, so that nothing is left standing : The town centre was flattened
by a 500 lb bomb.
wreck to deliberately damage something very badly, especially a
room or building : The toilets had been wrecked by vandals.
117.
someone who willfully destroys or defaces property
grot‧to / ˈɡrɒtәʊ $ ˈɡrɑːtoʊ / noun ( plural grottos or grottoes ) [
countable ]
a small attractive CAVE
de‧lir‧i‧ous / dɪˈlɪriәs / adjective
1 talking continuously in an excited or anxious way, especially
because you are ill :
He suffered an attack of malaria and was delirious.
118.
a small cave, usually with attractive features
lout
sonorous
vandal
grotto
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...very difficult to understand ir‧i‧des‧cent / ˌɪrәˈdes ә nt◂, ˌɪrɪˈdes ә
nt◂ / adjective formal showing colours that seem to change in
different lights : small iridescent blue flies — iridescence noun [
uncountable ] e‧lon‧gate / ˈiːlɒŋɡeɪt $ ɪˈlɒːŋ- / verb [ intransitive and
transitive ] to become longer, or make something...
119.
varying in color when seen in different lights
slen‧der / ˈslendә $ -әr / adjective
1 thin in an attractive or graceful way SYN slim :
She is slender and stylish.
120.
having little width in proportion to the length or height
| The country’s economy has been devastated by years of fighting.
demolish to completely destroy a building, either deliberately or by
accident : The original 15th century house was demolished in
Victorian times.
121.
destroy completely
dim‧i‧nu‧tion / ˌdɪmәˈnjuːʃ ә n, ˌdɪmɪˈnjuːʃ ә n $ -ˈnuː- / noun [
uncountable and countable ] formal
a reduction in the size, number, or amount of something
diminution of/in
a diminution in value
122.
change toward something smaller or lower
brusque / bruːsk, brʊsk $ brʌsk / adjective
using very few words, in a way that seems rude SYN abrupt :
a brusque manner
— brusquely adverb
— brusqueness noun [ uncountable ]
123.
in a blunt direct manner
iridescent
slender
demolish
diminution
brusquely
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‘That’s none of your business.’
sur‧rep‧ti‧tious / ˌsʌrәpˈtɪʃәs◂ $ ˌsɜː- / adjective
done secretly or quickly because you do not want other people to
notice :
Rory tried to sneak a surreptitious glance at Adam’s wristwatch.
— surreptitiously adverb
— surreptitiousness noun [ uncountable ]
124.
in a secretive manner
...to political tensions. [ sentence adverb ] Inevitably, the situation
did not please everyone. en‧vy 1 / ˈenvi / verb ( past tense and past
participle envied , present participle envying , third person
singular envies ) [ transitive ] 1 to wish that you had someone else’s
possessions, abilities etc : I really...
125.
a desire to have something that is possessed by another
Large is more common than big in written English : My father was a
big man. | two large ladies obese extremely fat in a way that is
dangerous to your health : He went to a summer camp for obese
teenagers. chubby slightly fat in a nice-looking way...
126.
excessively fat
in‧de‧fat‧i‧ga‧ble / ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡәb ә l / adjective formal
determined and never giving up SYN tireless :
an indefatigable campaigner for human rights
— indefatigably adverb
e‧nig‧ma / ɪˈnɪɡmә / noun [ countable ]
someone or something that is strange and difficult to understand
SYN mystery :
The neighbours regarded him as something of an enigma.
127.
showing sustained enthusiasm with unflagging vitality
COLLOCATIONS
128.
collect or look around for, as food
surreptitiously
envy
obese
indefatigable
forage
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Meaning 2
NOUN + EXPEDITION
a shopping expedition (= when you go shopping ) I took Mary and
the kids on a shopping expedition into Manchester.
a fishing expedition We’re organizing a fishing expedition to the lake
for next week.
a hunting expedition He was joined on his hunting expedition by
two local guides.
a foraging expedition (= when you search for food ) On our
foraging expedition into the woods, we found mushrooms and
wild berries.
in‧fal‧li‧ble / ɪnˈfælәb ә l, ɪnˈfælɪb ә l / adjective
1 always right and never making mistakes OPP fallible :
No expert is infallible.
an infallible memory
2 something that is infallible always works or has the intended
effect → fail-safe :
He had an infallible cure for a hangover.
— infallibly adverb
— infallibility / ɪnˌfælәˈbɪlәti, ɪnˌfælɪˈbɪlәti / noun [ uncountable ]
129.
the quality of never making an error
in‧hale / ɪnˈheɪl / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]
to breathe in air, smoke, or gas OPP exhale :
It is dangerous to inhale ammonia fumes.
130.
draw deep into the lungs in by breathing
sub‧ju‧gate / ˈsʌbdʒәɡeɪt, ˈsʌbdʒʊɡeɪt / verb [ transitive usually
passive ] formal
to defeat a person or group and make them obey you :
The native population was subjugated and exploited.
subjugated people/nation/country
subjugate somebody to somebody/something
Her own needs had been subjugated to (= not considered as
important as ) the needs of her family.
— subjugation / ˌsʌbdʒәˈɡeɪʃ ә n, ˌsʌbdʒʊˈɡeɪʃ ә n / noun [
uncountable ]
131.
forced submission to control by others
infallibility
inhale
subjugation
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con‧trived / kәnˈtraɪvd / adjective
seeming false and not natural :
The characters are as contrived as the plot.
132.
showing effects of planning or manipulation
stren‧u‧ous / ˈstrenjuәs / adjective
1 needing a lot of effort or strength :
a strenuous climb
The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.
133.
taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance
un‧du‧late / ˈʌndjәleɪt, ˈʌndjʊleɪt $ -dʒә- / verb [ intransitive ]
formal to move or be shaped like waves that are rising and falling :
undulating hills
— undulation / ˌʌndjәˈleɪʃ ә n, ˌʌndjʊˈleɪʃ ә n $ -dʒә- / noun [
uncountable and countable ]
134.
wavelike motion
...condemn something/somebody Army officers openly condemned
the war. unanimously condemn something/somebody (= with the
agreement of all the people involved ) The committee unanimously
condemned the idea. vehemently/vigorously/fiercely condemn
something/somebody (= in a very strong or angry way ) The
educational reforms were vehemently condemned by teachers.
utterly/unequivocally condemn something/somebody (= very
definitely and with no...
135.
in a fierce manner
...actions – used especially about young people : As a girl, she had
been lively and headstrong. | the headstrong impulsiveness of
youth wilful British English ( also willful American English ) doing
what you want, even after you have been told to stop, or when you
know that it is wrong – used especially about children :...
136.
done by design
contrived
strenuous
undulation
vehemently
willful
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in‧vi‧o‧la‧ble / ɪnˈvaɪәlәb ә l / adjective formal
an inviolable right, law, principle etc is extremely important and
should be treated with respect and not broken or removed
— inviolability / ɪnˌvaɪәlәˈbɪlәti, ɪnˌvaɪәlәˈbɪlɪti / noun [ uncountable ]
:
the inviolability of the country’s borders
137.
incapable of being transgressed or dishonored
er‧u‧dite / ˈerәdaɪt, ˈerʊdaɪt / adjective
showing a lot of knowledge based on careful study SYN learned
— eruditely adverb
— erudition / ˌerәˈdɪʃ ә n, ˌerʊˈdɪʃ ә n / noun [ uncountable ]
138.
profound scholarly knowledge
sul‧len / ˈsʌlәn / adjective
1 angry and silent, especially because you feel life has been unfair
to you → morose :
Bill sat in sullen silence and refused to eat his lunch.
a look of sullen resentment
2 literary a sullen sky or sea is dark and looks as if bad weather is
coming SYN overcast
— sullenly adverb
— sullenness noun [ uncountable ]
139.
showing a brooding ill humor
de‧lude / dɪˈluːd / verb [ transitive ]
to make someone believe something that is not true SYN deceive :
I was angry with him for trying to delude me.
delude somebody/yourself into doing something
It is easy to delude yourself into believing you’re in love.
140.
be dishonest with
141.
resembling or characteristic of a phantom
inviolable
erudition
sullen
delude
ghostly
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...countable ] something that you imagine you can see, especially
the spirit of a dead person : He stared at the strange apparition
before him. a ghostly apparition of a man THESAURUS ghost the
spirit of a dead person that some people think they can feel or see
in a place : His ghost...
her‧ald 1 / ˈherәld / verb [ transitive ]
1 to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon :
A flash of lightning heralded torrential rain.
142.
(formal) a person who announces important news
| The twin towers were destroyed in a terrorist attack.
devastate to damage a large area very badly and destroy many
things in it : Allied bombings in 1943 devastated the city.
143.
cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
ru‧di‧men‧ta‧ry / ˌruːdәˈment ә ri◂, ˌruːdɪˈment ә ri◂ / adjective
1 a rudimentary knowledge or understanding of a subject is very
simple and basic OPP sophisticated :
Gradually, I acquired a rudimentary knowledge of music.
my rudimentary German
2 rudimentary equipment, methods, systems etc are very basic and
not advanced :
subsistence farming in its most rudimentary form
The classroom equipment is pretty rudimentary.
144.
the state of existing in reality; having substance
2 tread carefully/ warily/cautiously etc to be very careful about
what you say or do in a difficult situation :
If I wanted to keep my job, I knew I’d have to tread lightly.
145.
in a manner marked by keen caution and watchful prudence
del‧uge 1 / ˈdeljuːdʒ / noun [ countable ]
146.
a heavy rain
herald
devastate
subsistence
warily
deluge
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1 [ usually singular ] a large amount of something such as letters or
questions that someone gets at the same time SYN flood
deluge of
Viewers sent a deluge of complaints about the show.
| I wonder who dreamt up that idea!
devise formal to invent a way of doing something, especially one
that is clever or complicated : This system was devised as a way of
measuring students’ progress.
conceive formal to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in
your mind : The project was originally conceived by a Dutch
businessman two years ago.
147.
a will disposing of real property
‘That’s none of your business.’
sur‧rep‧ti‧tious / ˌsʌrәpˈtɪʃәs◂ $ ˌsɜː- / adjective
done secretly or quickly because you do not want other people to
notice :
Rory tried to sneak a surreptitious glance at Adam’s wristwatch.
— surreptitiously adverb
— surreptitiousness noun [ uncountable ]
148.
marked by quiet and caution and secrecy
em‧pir‧i‧cal / ɪmˈpɪrɪk ә l / adjective [ only before noun ]
based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP
theoretical , hypothetical :
empirical evidence
— empirically / -kli / adverb
149.
a conjectural possibility or circumstance
2 technical producing a bright light when heated :
the invention of the incandescent lamp
3 literary very bright :
incandescent flowers
— incandescence noun [ uncountable ]
per‧di‧tion / pәˈdɪʃ ә n $ pәr- / noun [ uncountable ] old use
150.
the place or state in which one suffers eternal punishment
devise
surreptitious
hypothetical
perdition
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1 punishment after death
2 complete destruction or failure :
an alcoholic on the road to perdition
ram‧i‧fi‧ca‧tion / ˌræmәfәˈkeɪʃ ә n, ˌræmɪfәˈkeɪʃ ә n / noun [
countable usually plural ] formal
an additional result of something you do, which may not have been
clear when you first decided to do it → implications , implication
:
an agreement which was to have significant ramifications for
British politics
ramification of
the practical ramifications of taking on a new job
legal/political/economic etc ramifications
the environmental ramifications of the road-building program
151.
something that is inferred
4 peaches and cream used to describe skin that is an attractive
pink colour :
a peaches and cream complexion
152.
pleasing to the eye or mind as through beauty or charm
sub‧ju‧gate / ˈsʌbdʒәɡeɪt, ˈsʌbdʒʊɡeɪt / verb [ transitive usually
passive ] formal
to defeat a person or group and make them obey you :
The native population was subjugated and exploited.
subjugated people/nation/country
subjugate somebody to somebody/something
Her own needs had been subjugated to (= not considered as
important as ) the needs of her family.
— subjugation / ˌsʌbdʒәˈɡeɪʃ ә n, ˌsʌbdʒʊˈɡeɪʃ ә n / noun [
uncountable ]
153.
developed or used to greatest advantage
ex‧u‧be‧ rant / ɪɡˈzjuːb ә rәnt $ ɪɡˈzuː- / adjective
1 happy and full of energy and excitement :
154.
talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner
implication
attractive
exploited
rant
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an exuberant personality
2 exuberant decorations, patterns etc are exciting and complicated
or colourful :
exuberant carvings
— exuberance noun [ uncountable ] :
She needs to try and control her natural exuberance.
— exuberantly adverb
por‧ridge / ˈpɒrɪdʒ $ ˈpɑː-, ˈpɔː- / noun [ uncountable ]
1 OATS that are cooked with milk or water and served hot for
breakfast SYN oatmeal American English
2 British English informal a period of time spent in prison
do porridge (= spend time in prison )
155.
soft food made by boiling meal or legumes in water or milk
em‧bark / ɪmˈbɑːk $ -ɑːrk / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]
to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a
ship or plane OPP disembark
— embarkation / ˌembɑːˈkeɪʃәn $ -bɑːr- / noun [ uncountable and
countable ]
embark on/upon something phrasal verb
to start something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting :
He embarked on a new career as a teacher.
156.
go ashore
...expedition ( also embark on an expedition formal ) (= leave at the
start of an expedition ) Trent set off on an expedition to collect
plants with fellow botanical students. mount/launch an expedition
(= plan, organize, and begin an expedition ) Ornithologists are
mounting an expedition to the island in order to study the birds.
157.
of or relating to plants
ru‧di‧men‧ta‧ry / ˌruːdәˈment ә ri◂, ˌruːdɪˈment ә ri◂ / adjective
1 a rudimentary knowledge or understanding of a subject is very
simple and basic OPP sophisticated :
Gradually, I acquired a rudimentary knowledge of music.
158.
having worldly knowledge and refinement
porridge
disembark
botanical
sophisticated
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my rudimentary German
2 rudimentary equipment, methods, systems etc are very basic and
not advanced :
subsistence farming in its most rudimentary form
The classroom equipment is pretty rudimentary.
knack‧ered / ˈnækәd $ -әrd / adjective British English spoken
informal
1 extremely tired SYN exhausted
2 too old or broken to use SYN clapped-out British English :
a knackered old bike
THESAURUS
tired feeling that you want to sleep or rest : I was really tired the
next day. | the tired faces of the children
exhausted extremely tired : I was exhausted after the long trip
home.
159.
depleted of energy, force, or strength
| He was chomping away on big slice of toast.
sting if an insect stings you, it makes a very small hole in your
skin.
160.
deliver a sudden pain to
| Sheila walked into the museum, under the stern gaze of the
curator.
harsh punishing or criticizing someone in a way that seems very
severe, often too severe : Don’t be too harsh on her – she’s only a
child.
161.
the custodian of a collection, as a museum or library
whilst / waɪlst / conjunction British English formal
WHILE
THESAURUS
while during the time that you are doing something, or something
is happening : I bought a magazine while I was waiting for the
train.
162.
the state of being joined together
exhausted
sting
curator
conjunction
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Jill asked, trying to sound nonchalant.
— nonchalance noun [ uncountable ]
— nonchalantly adverb :
He smiled nonchalantly.
163.
marked by blithe unconcern
sul‧len / ˈsʌlәn / adjective
1 angry and silent, especially because you feel life has been unfair
to you → morose :
Bill sat in sullen silence and refused to eat his lunch.
a look of sullen resentment
2 literary a sullen sky or sea is dark and looks as if bad weather is
coming SYN overcast
— sullenly adverb
— sullenness noun [ uncountable ]
164.
showing a brooding ill humor
2 evil or immoral :
a vile act of betrayal
— vilely adverb
— vileness noun [ uncountable ]
165.
the quality of aiding an enemy
...poltergeist that makes things move around all by themselves,
sometimes quite big things like beds or wardrobes. spook informal
a ghost : I’m not scared of spooks. phantom literary a frightening
and unclear image of a dead person : They had seen phantoms
gliding on the surface of the water. spectre British English , specter
American...
166.
something existing in perception only
in‧un‧date / ˈɪnәndeɪt / verb [ transitive ]
1 be inundated (with/by something) to receive so much of
167.
low land that is seasonally flooded
nonchalant
morose
betrayal
phantom
swamp
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something that you cannot easily deal with it all SYN swamp :
After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more
information.
dis‧guise 1 / dɪsˈɡaɪz / verb [ transitive ]
1 to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot
recognize them
disguise yourself as somebody/something
Maybe you could disguise yourself as a waiter and sneak in there.
168.
to go stealthily or furtively
sul‧len / ˈsʌlәn / adjective
1 angry and silent, especially because you feel life has been unfair
to you → morose :
Bill sat in sullen silence and refused to eat his lunch.
a look of sullen resentment
2 literary a sullen sky or sea is dark and looks as if bad weather is
coming SYN overcast
— sullenly adverb
— sullenness noun [ uncountable ]
169.
in a manner showing a brooding ill humor
un‧du‧late / ˈʌndjәleɪt, ˈʌndjʊleɪt $ -dʒә- / verb [ intransitive ]
formal to move or be shaped like waves that are rising and falling :
undulating hills
— undulation / ˌʌndjәˈleɪʃ ә n, ˌʌndjʊˈleɪʃ ә n $ -dʒә- / noun [
uncountable and countable ]
170.
move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion
mor‧ti‧fied / ˈmɔːtәfaɪd, ˈmɔːtɪfaɪd $ ˈmɔːr- / adjective
extremely offended, ashamed, or embarrassed
mortified to hear/find etc
Nora was mortified to discover that her daughter had been out
drinking.
— mortification / ˌmɔːtәfәˈkeɪʃ ә n, ˌmɔːtɪfәˈkeɪʃ ә n $ ˌmɔːr- / noun
[ uncountable ]
171.
strong feelings of embarrassment
sneak
sullenly
undulate
mortification
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| The plane crashed into a suburb of Paris, demolishing several
buildings.
flatten to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing
it etc, so that nothing is left standing : The town centre was flattened
by a 500 lb bomb.
wreck to deliberately damage something very badly, especially a
room or building : The toilets had been wrecked by vandals.
172.
something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation
| Soldiers had camouflaged the trucks with branches and dirt.
obscure literary to make it difficult to see something clearly : The
view was obscured by mist.
173.
not clearly understood or expressed
im‧pal‧pa‧ble / ɪmˈpælpәb ә l / adjective formal 1 impossible to
touch or feel physically OPP palpable 2 very difficult to understand
ir‧i‧des‧cent / ˌɪrәˈdes ә nt◂, ˌɪrɪˈdes ә nt◂ / adjective formal showing
colours that seem to change in different lights :...
174.
capable of being perceived
in‧fal‧li‧ble / ɪnˈfælәb ә l, ɪnˈfælɪb ә l / adjective
1 always right and never making mistakes OPP fallible :
No expert is infallible.
an infallible memory
2 something that is infallible always works or has the intended
effect → fail-safe :
He had an infallible cure for a hangover.
— infallibly adverb
— infallibility / ɪnˌfælәˈbɪlәti, ɪnˌfælɪˈbɪlәti / noun [ uncountable ]
175.
wanting in moral strength, courage, or will
Also used when talking about hiding your feelings, especially in
negative sentences : Several kilos of drugs were concealed in the
176.
not accessible to view
wreck
obscure
palpable
fallible
concealed
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back of the truck.
...condemn something/somebody Army officers openly condemned
the war. unanimously condemn something/somebody (= with the
agreement of all the people involved ) The committee unanimously
condemned the idea. vehemently/ vigorously/fiercely condemn
something/somebody (= in a very strong or angry way ) The
educational reforms were vehemently condemned by teachers.
utterly/unequivocally condemn something/somebody (= very
definitely and with no...
177.
in an energetic manner
3 to include different areas of activity, groups, time etc :
Her research straddles mathematics and social sciences.
immigrants straddling two cultures
178.
a person who comes to a country in order to settle there
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + EXPEDITION
a scientific expedition He led the first major British scientific
expedition to the Amazon.
an Arctic/Antarctic expedition I accompanied the explorer on one of
his Arctic expeditions.
a military expedition The generals decided to launch a military
expedition to the region.
a punitive expedition (= one an army undertakes to punish
someone ) The Afghan army mounted a punitive expedition against
the local militia groups.
179.
civilians trained as soldiers, not part of the regular army
| The actress put up a hand to hide her face from the cameras.
conceal formal to hide something, especially by carefully putting it
somewhere.
180.
prevent from being seen or discovered
181.
an unpleasant or disastrous destiny
vigorously
immigrant
militia
conceal
doom
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har‧bin‧ger / ˈhɑːbɪndʒә $ ˈhɑːrbɪndʒәr / noun [ countable ] literary
or formal
a sign that something is going to happen soon
harbinger of
These birds are considered to be harbingers of doom .
stu‧pen‧dous / stjuːˈpendәs $ stuː- / adjective
surprisingly large or impressive SYN magnificent :
a stupendous achievement
— stupendously adverb
182.
characterized by grandeur
...as a result of careful study or a lot of experience : his intimate
knowledge of the coal industry 4 PRIVATE relating to very private or
personal matters : the publication of intimate details of their affair
5 SEX formal a) relating to sex : The virus can only be transmitted
through intimate...
183.
that which has mass and occupies space
in‧tu‧i‧tion / ˌɪntjuˈɪʃ ә n $ -tu-, -tju- / noun
1 [ uncountable ] the ability to understand or know something
because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts SYN
instinct :
feminine intuition
Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
184.
think about carefully; weigh
rep‧er‧toire / ˈrepәtwɑː $ -pәrtwɑːr / noun [ countable usually
singular ]
1 all the plays, pieces of music etc that a performer or group knows
and can perform
in sb’s repertoire
The group include some techno in their repertoire.
repertoire of
a wide repertoire of songs
2 the total number of things that someone or something is able to
185.
having the necessary means or skill to do something
magnificent
matter
consider
able
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do :
the behavioural repertoire of infants
2 the smallest possible amount of a quality or feeling
vestige of
There’s not a vestige of truth in the story.
186.
capable of happening or existing
...about a person or place that you knew well, or an event that you
experienced in‧ev‧i‧ta‧bly / ɪˈnevәtәbli, ɪˈnevɪtәbli / adverb used for
saying that something is certain to happen and cannot be avoided
: The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions. [ sentence
adverb ] Inevitably, the situation did not please everyone....
187.
established beyond doubt or question; definitely known
possible
certain