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HK AND
MAINLANDA RELATION WITH COMPLEXITY
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Gary Wong
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OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
A Metaphorical Story, An adopted son and the Reunionafter years of Seperation?
EXAMPLES illustrating the complicated relations
Political
Economic
Social
CONCLUSION
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WHAT IS THE RELATION
BETWEEN THEM?
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A METAPHORICAL
STORY
A Chinese kid was adopted by a Britishfamily?
Years of Separation Upbringing, Parenting, Guardianship in
British, Western Style?
Reunion bringsproblems?
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WHAT PROBLEMS
COMPLICATE THIS
RELATION?
Congruence OR Incongruence?
Convergence OR Divergence?
Independence OR Interdependence?
Getting to know each other? In way way?
Getting along with each other?
How to develop mutual trust?
Emotional link? Any?
Benefiting each other?/Taking advantages of each other?
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FROM A POLITICAL
PERSPECTIVE
One Country, Two Systems - Basic Law & its interpretations
From the past till the present:
(i) 4 June incident
(ii) 1 July 2003 March
(iii) 5-district Referendum
(iv) Chief Executive election
Louise Lam
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ONE COUNTRY, TWO
SYSTEMS
Proposed by Deng Xiaoping, a leader of PRC
Basic Law as a constitutional document of HK
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BASIC LAW
Art 5: The socialist system and policies shall not be practisedin the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and theprevious capitalist system and way of life shall remainunchanged for 50 years
Art 12: The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shallbe a local administrative region of the Peoples Republic of
China, which shall enjoy a high degree of autonomyandcome directly under the Central Peoples Government
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BASIC LAW
The Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong has the power offinal adjudication
The Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congresshas the power of final interpretationof the Basic Law.
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FOUR INTERPRETATIONS
OF THE BASIC LAW BY
NPCSC
1st: Ng Ka Ling v Director of Immigration in 1999
2nd: Universal suffrage in 2007 & 2008
3rd : The term of the new Chief Executive in 2004
4th : Democratic Republic of Congo v FG HemisphereAssociates LLC in 2011
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1ST INTERPRETATION
CFA ruled that children of parents who have the right ofabode in Hong Kong also have the right of abode,irrespective of whether the parents are permanent residentsat the time of their birth
HK govt sought interpretation of Basic Law on Art 22 & 24
NPCSC overturned the decision of CFA
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POLITICAL & LEGAL
SIGNIFICANCE
The decisions made by CFA are not final
NPCSC has overriding power on CFA
China has controlling power in HK on controversial issues
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2ND INTERPRETATION
Pan-democrats call for double universal suffrage of ChiefExecutive and Legislative Council in 2007 & 2008
NPCSC initiate interpretations of Basic Law Annex I & II bystipulating procedures to change electoral methods
Former CE, Tung Chee Hwa followed the new procedure
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POLITICAL & LEGAL
SIGNIFICANCE
China can amend the Basic Law easily in the name ofinterpretation
China fears democracy in HK is developing too fast & newCE elected by people does not act accordance to Chinas will
China controls the pace of democratization of HK by refusingdouble universal suffrage in 2007 & 2008
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(I) 4 JUNE INCIDENT
In 1989, Hu Yaobang, a party official calling for politicalliberalization died
Protests broke out in many large cities in China
Students gathered in Tiananmen Square in Beijing toencourage continued economic liberalizations & politicalreform
4 June, Peoples Liberation Army used tanks & troops & life
fire to clear the area of protestors
Communist Party banned protests & arrested protestors inChina since then
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POLITICAL
SIGNIFICANCE
Communist Party refused to admit massacre of its peopleuntil now
Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed in 1985, statingsovereignty of HK transferred from Britain to China
HK people feared freedom in HK would be infringed afterhandover to China, causing massive emigration of HK people
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(II) 1 JULY 2003 MARCH
Largest-scaled protest in HK since 1997
HK govt proposed a bill to restrict freedom of HK people &
their rights
Pan-democrats initiated protest & 0.5 million protested forabolition of Basic Law Art 23
HK government shelved laws in view of strong opposition
Opposition of people in HK imposed threat to China
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(III) 5-DISTRICT REFERENDUM
Initiated by Civic Party & League of Social Democrats tooppose to HK govts 2010 constitutional reform package
Referendum was contravening Basic Law
5 LegCo members resigned & were elected backThreat to China for using democratic means to oppose to
govt proposals
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(IV) CHIEF EXECUTIVE
ELECTION
Candidates running for 2017 CE election: Henry Tang & CYLeung
CE was elected by Election Committee of 1200 people,members of Election Committee are not elected by general
public
New CE needs to win the support of HK people AND obtainthe approval of the Central Peoples Government
VS
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REMARKS
Interacting forces between HK & China
Under the framework of One Country, Two Systems
China exerted controlling power over HKHK sought to respond/resist to Chinas
controlling power
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ANECONOMIC
ASPECTELVIS TSE
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MAINLAND AND HONG KONGCLOSER ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIPARRANGEMENT (CEPA)
- Free trade agreementbetween Mainland and HK
- Main text, 6 annexes, 6supplements
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CEPA- opens up huge markets for HK goods &services
- adopts a building block approach
- win-win agreement
To HK: HK businesses to gain greateraccess to the Mainland market
To Mainland: Mainland enterprises toreach out to the global market
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CEPA3 broad areas
-Trade in goods
-Trade in services
-Trade and Investment facilitation
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MAINLAND ENTERPRISE
AND HK
A-share listing
- Mainland companies listed in HK: 42%of all listed companies in HK
- Market capitalization of Mainlandcompanies listed in HK: 57% of all
- HK finance closely related to Mainlandfinancial market
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INDIVIDUAL VISIT SCHEME
- Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to andfrom Hong Kong and Macao,
- Travelling on individual basis
- More and more cities included in thescheme
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INDIVIDUAL VISIT SCHEME
- A rise in the tourism, thus employment rate:
1. Immediate in the no. of Mainland visitors
Oct 1 ; May 1; New Year Golden Week2. 'positive by-product' to attract overseas
travelers to HK
- A rise in investment:
the authorized saving of renminbi in HK
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MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL HUB
- Influx of ppl to enjoy ourmedical and educational
services
- 2009/10 Policy Address: newindustries
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COMPETITION WITH SHANGHAI
- Arouse HKs sense ofcompetition with Shanghai
- More incentive to remain
HKs uniqueness as a worldcity
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Ultimate goal: win-winBUT
Contradiction
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MEDICAL RESOURCES
INSUFFICIENCY
- Too many mothers-to-be fromMainland to give birth here
- Insufficient measures toprevent them coming
- Long-term, using too much ofour public resources
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ZERO-CHARGE TOURIST GROUP
- Zero travelling fee
- Commission from forced-shopping
- Impolite tourist guide
Tourist guide Chuen
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SHOPPING SPREE
- HK products: guaranteed quality
- Food necessities & electronic gadgets
- Huge revenue
- Huge consumption shortage
- Market price - Affect livelihood of HK ppl
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REAL ESTATE- Investment in luxurious residential andcommercial units
- Boost the demand thereby market price
- Developers construct more luxurious flatsand less ordinary flats
- Less HK ppl can afford
WORRY
e.g. Wenzhou tourists
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GREY PRODUCTS
New industry?
Milk powder
Electronic gadgets
By Mainland commuter
By local ppl (including students and elderly)
Poor security, esp. Sheung Shui areas
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Chang Chen
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WHERE DOSE HK IDENTITY COME
FROM?
Cut the connection with mainland
Anxiety and Uncertainty for the future:
Sense of priority brought by rising economyand advanced society
HK Identity: largely the legacy of Chinese
values hybridized with the British imposedrituals and norms.
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TRANSITION AFTER HANDOVER TILL NOW
Survey Data:
Source: Negotiating Local and National Identifications: Hong Kong Identity,
Surveys 1996-2006
The most prominent category: Hongkongers but also
Chinese
Strong desire to be both HongKongers and Chinese,
reflecting dual nature of Hong Kong/Chinese identity.
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Patriotism:
News: Compulsory patriotic education in primary andsecondary school: It stirs up fear of political brainwashingamong the public
Evidence: Misperceptions and Distrust
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Patriotism:
I want to argue that the patriotic educationshould not be blamed for the reasons:
(i) international norm to cultivate citizenslove for the nation
(ii) Loving the nation do not equals to
support the party.
Evidence: Misperceptions and Distrust
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Segregation/Discrimination: a sense of priority
Capitalism is more advanced
Image of mainlanders: rich but less-cultivated, rude
Issues: Golden week, purchase largeamount of milk powder, pregnant women
Evidence: Misperceptions and Distrust
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Segregation/Discrimination: a sense of priority
Lack of morality and responsibility, China need deeper
social reform
, a poorgirl little was leftto death on theroad after a hit-and-run by twocars, none of the18 people whopast by helpedher
Evidence: Misperceptions and Distrust
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HOW TO ACHIEVE A STABLE HK IDENTITY, THUS ASTABLE RELATIONSHIP WITH MAINLAND?
---FROM HK PERSPECTIVE
Adjust HKs position to fit in China: HK identity would
remain strong.
More opportunities than threats: Build mutual trust.
Communicationhelp to eliminate misperceptions:
More mainland student come to study in HK,
exchange to mainland,The 2011-12 Policy Address
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Do not push HK to accept Chinese identity: a
unique HK identity would also benefit China byincreasing its diversity.
Embrace social and political reform: increasethe quality of population by education.
HOW TO ACHIEVE A STABLE HK IDENTITY, THUS A
STABLE RELATIONSHIP WITH MAINLAND?
---FROM MAINLAND PERSPECTIVE
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After the train crash in Wenzhou,
China, please stop your flying pace, wait for yourpeople, wait for your soul, wait for your morality, waitfor your conscience! Dont let the train run out off track,dont let the bridges collapse, dont let the roadsbecome traps, dont let houses become ruins. Walkslowly, allowing every life to have freedom and dignity.
No one should be left behind by our era.Mainland dose exist social problems, which need
our efforts. It would take a long time to increase thequality of the population through education.
HOW TO ACHIEVE A STABLE HK IDENTITY, THUS A
STABLE RELATIONSHIP WITH MAINLAND?
---FROM HK PERSPECTIVE
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Conclusion:
Under the change of both HK
and China, a stable HK identitywould contribute to a healthier
relations with mainland.
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CONCLUSION- CHANGE
AND CONTINUITY
A relation with contradictions and complexity.
Opportunities or challenges?
Path to democracy? Impetus or obstacle?
One Country Two System SAR Hong Kong Province?
50 years no change?
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Hong Kong people rule HK? Autonomy MoreIntervention?
Secured position of Hong Kong? Replaced byShanghai?
HK Chinese, Hong Kongers
Chinese?
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LAST QUESTIONS
Will Hong Kongbe more HongKong?
Will Hong Kong
be moreChina?
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END
Presented By
Louise
Chen Chang
Elvis
Gary