Ch. 22 Nutrients and Digestion
22-1 NutritionWhy is this important??
Why do we need to eat?What are items you think about when you
pick something to eat?What are nutrients?
NutrientsAre substances in foods that provide
energy and materials for cell development
There are 6 classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates Ex:Proteins Ex:Fats Ex:Vitamins Ex:Minerals Ex:Water Ex:
CarbohydratesThis is the main source of energy for the
bodyThey’re the highest nutrient in our diet
CarbohydratesTypes:
Sugar Simple sugar- easy to break down Ex. Table sugar, fruits, honey, milk
Starch Is complex but body breaks down into simple
sugars Ex. Potatoes, grains, and pastas
Cellulose Complex and body can’t break down (doesn’t give
you energy) Ex. All vegetables have this
ProteinsThese are used for growth, repairing,
and replacing body’s cellsFound in meats (beef, chicken, pork),
eggs, milk, dairy, and fish
FatsProvide energy and help your body
absorb some vitaminsAre stored in our body for reserve
energy, cushion organs
Fats actually have more energy per gram than carbohydrates.
FatsTypes:
Unsaturated Liquid at room temp. Come from plants (oils- veg. corn, olive)
Saturated Are solid at room temp. Causes high levels of cholesterol (the found in
blood)-can clog arteries- leading to heart attack or stroke
Found in meats
VitaminsThese help your body use the other
nutrients, help promote growth, and regulate body functions
Are needed in small amounts
Found in a variety of foods- can easily get if you eat a well balanced diet (means eating fruits and vegetables)
VitaminsTypes:
Water-soluble When placed in water, they dissolve. Ex. Vit. Bs and Vit. C
Fat-solubleWhen placed in fats, they dissolve.
Ex. Vit. A, D, E, K-Some vitamins are actually not good for you to get to much of can cause disease/disorder.
MineralsThese are actually chemical elements
(found on the periodic chart)Need around 14 to have health body/diet
Used to help chemical reactions, sending messages (through the nerves), and carrying O2 to the body cells
Ex. Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iron
WaterAfter O2 water is the most important
item for your bodyCan survive a few weeks (depending on
body type) without food and without water only a few days.
Most of the nutrients are carried throughout the body by water
Your weight = 60% water
WaterWater is loss every day by sweating,
excretion, and respiration.Breathing = 350 mL, Bathroom= 1950 mL,
skin/sweat-500mL.
Being thirsty is already a sign that your body is dehydrated (meaning you don’t have enough water).
Everyday you loss water, so you need to drink 2L of liquids each day to replace these. (doesn’t have to be all water- water is in all liquids and in foods to)
Food GroupsNeed to eat a variety of foods, due to 1
food group (food items that have the same nutrients in them) doesn’t have all nutrients needed for the body.
Food groups are easily seen on the Food Pyramid.
Usually with meals you are combining several food groups.
