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P r e s e n t b y
R o n g j i C a o,P h . D
E x p e r i m e n t a l S t u d y
o n t h e N a t u r a l R u b b e r M o d i f i e d A s p h a l t
O R G A N I S E D B Y
Chief Engineer,,,,JSTI GROUP
Director,,,,National Laboratory for Advanced Road Materials
Apr. 2017
ORGANISED BY
2 0 1 7
M E L A K A , M A L A Y S I A
Backgroud1111
2222 Investigate on Preparation Process
Outline
3333 Effect of process parameters
4444Comparative study on rheological
performance
5555 Economic analysis
6666 Conclusion
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Backgroud1111
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1. Background
� Challenge in Asphalt Pavement Challenge in Asphalt Pavement Challenge in Asphalt Pavement Challenge in Asphalt Pavement � Increasing traffic volume
� Truck overload
� Extreme climate
�
� Increasing Use of Increasing Use of Increasing Use of Increasing Use of PMBPMBPMBPMB� SBS、、、、SBR、、、、PE、、、、NR、、、、EVA
� Reclaim Tire Crumb Rubber
� Fiber
�
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1. Background
� SBS modified BitumenSBS modified BitumenSBS modified BitumenSBS modified Bitumen� Reclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tire
� CharactersCharactersCharactersCharacters� Improve both high temperature and low temperature performanceImprove both high temperature and low temperature performanceImprove both high temperature and low temperature performanceImprove both high temperature and low temperature performance� Change Performance Grade obviouslyChange Performance Grade obviouslyChange Performance Grade obviouslyChange Performance Grade obviously
� ProcessProcessProcessProcess� proven techniqueproven techniqueproven techniqueproven technique� Stable qualityStable qualityStable qualityStable quality
� ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication� Widely used in the worldWidely used in the worldWidely used in the worldWidely used in the world� In China ,90% of PMB is SBS In China ,90% of PMB is SBS In China ,90% of PMB is SBS In China ,90% of PMB is SBS
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1. Background
� Crumb RubberCrumb RubberCrumb RubberCrumb Rubber� Reclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tireReclaim tire� Component: Component: Component: Component: vulcanized rubber, carbon black,black,black,black, antiaging agent
� Asphalt RubberAsphalt RubberAsphalt RubberAsphalt Rubber� ASTM DefinitionASTM DefinitionASTM DefinitionASTM Definition
� Wet Process
� Rubber content >15%
� PavementPavementPavementPavement� ARARARAR----ACACACAC� ARARARAR----OGFCOGFCOGFCOGFC� ARARARAR----SAMISAMISAMISAMI
� ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication� USA, EuropeUSA, EuropeUSA, EuropeUSA, Europe,,,,China, South Africa, Brazil……China, South Africa, Brazil……China, South Africa, Brazil……China, South Africa, Brazil……
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1. Background
� Natural RubberNatural RubberNatural RubberNatural Rubber� Over 30 yearsOver 30 yearsOver 30 yearsOver 30 years� Type
� natural rubber latex
� rubber sheet
• block rubber (STR 20)
• Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)
• ��
� Rubber improve asphalt performance
� increasing in viscosity,
� enhance its durability
� ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication� Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……Indian, Thailand, Malaysia, ……
� Challenge
� natural rubber price
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1. Background
� ObjectiveObjectiveObjectiveObjective� Natural RubberNatural RubberNatural RubberNatural Rubber
� Skim Block Rubber (Skim Block Rubber (Skim Block Rubber (Skim Block Rubber (SBR)SBR)SBR)SBR)
� Standard Standard Standard Standard Malaysian Malaysian Malaysian Malaysian Rubber (Rubber (Rubber (Rubber (SMR20SMR20SMR20SMR20))))
� Investigate on Preparation Process in Lab
� Opitimum Process Parameters
� PMB Performance Comparing
� NR, SBS, AR
� Cost Analysis
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Investigate on Preparation Process2
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M E L A K A , M A L A Y S I A
JOINTLY ORGANISED BY
2. Investigate on Preparation Process
� MaterialsMaterialsMaterialsMaterials
� Skim Block Rubber (SBR)Skim Block Rubber (SBR)Skim Block Rubber (SBR)Skim Block Rubber (SBR)
� Standard Malaysian RubberStandard Malaysian RubberStandard Malaysian RubberStandard Malaysian Rubber
(SMR20)(SMR20)(SMR20)(SMR20)
� Base Asphalt Base Asphalt Base Asphalt Base Asphalt
Penetration (25
℃℃℃℃,,,,5s ,,,,100g)(0.1mm)
Softening point
(℃℃℃℃)
Ductility (15℃℃℃℃,,,,cm)
Ductility
(10℃℃℃℃,,,,cm)
Viscosity (60℃℃℃℃,
Pa·s)
Base
Asphalt64 47.5 >>>>100 >>>>100 184.2
Skim Block Rubber
(SBR)
SMR20
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2. Investigate on Preparation Process
� Preparation Process Preparation Process Preparation Process Preparation Process
STEP 1• Masticate of natural rubber
STEP 2
• Cut the natural rubber into small pieces
STEP 3
• Shearing with original asphalt with speed of 4000rpm for 1hr
STEP 4• Curing at 150℃℃℃℃-180℃℃℃℃ for 2hr
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2. Investigate on Preparation Process
� Effect of Preparation TemperatureEffect of Preparation TemperatureEffect of Preparation TemperatureEffect of Preparation Temperature� Dispersible uniformityDispersible uniformityDispersible uniformityDispersible uniformity� Aging property Aging property Aging property Aging property
SBR- Asphalt SMR20 - AsphaltPrep. Temp.: 160-170℃℃℃℃
SBR- Asphalt SMR20 - Asphalt
Prep. Temp.: 160-210℃℃℃℃
The proper preparation The proper preparation The proper preparation The proper preparation temperature: 150temperature: 150temperature: 150temperature: 150℃℃℃℃----180180180180℃℃℃℃
The COMPATIBILITY between The COMPATIBILITY between The COMPATIBILITY between The COMPATIBILITY between NR and asphalt has to be NR and asphalt has to be NR and asphalt has to be NR and asphalt has to be
improvedimprovedimprovedimproved!!!!
54.5
61.0
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
Before aging After aging
So
fte
nin
g p
oin
t ( ℃℃ ℃℃
)
4% of NR by weight of base asphalt
△SP = 6.5℃
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2. Investigate on Preparation Process
� Effect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing Agent� SMR20 modified asphaltSMR20 modified asphaltSMR20 modified asphaltSMR20 modified asphalt
Fluorescence microscope photo
××××500, Without stabilizer
Prep.Temp.: 160-210℃℃℃℃
××××500, With stabilizer
Prep.Temp.: 160-180℃℃℃℃
3.2
1.8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Without stabilizer With stabilizer
△△ △△S
P o
f 4
8h
r se
pa
rati
on
te
st (℃℃ ℃℃
)
Do improve Do improve Do improve Do improve the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt the compatibility between SMR20 and base asphalt
4% of SMR and 3% of Stabilizer by weight
of base asphalt
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2. Investigate on Preparation Process
� Effect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing AgentEffect of Stabilizing Agent� SBR modified asphalt SBR modified asphalt SBR modified asphalt SBR modified asphalt
Have no Have no Have no Have no obvious effect obvious effect obvious effect obvious effect
for SBR for SBR for SBR for SBR modified modified modified modified asphalt asphalt asphalt asphalt
××××200, Without stabilizer
Prep.Temp.: 160-210℃℃℃℃
××××200, With stabilizer
Prep.Temp.: 160-180℃℃℃℃
4% of SBR, Fluorescence microscope photo
4% of SBR, Without stabilizer
Prep. Temp.: 160-170℃℃℃℃
2% of SBR, With stabilizer,
Prep. Temp.: 160-170℃℃℃℃
3% of Stabilizer by weight of base asphalt
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2. Investigate on Preparation Process
� The suggested preparation temperature is 150The suggested preparation temperature is 150The suggested preparation temperature is 150The suggested preparation temperature is 150℃℃℃℃~180~180~180~180℃℃℃℃ to to to to
avoid materials aging. avoid materials aging. avoid materials aging. avoid materials aging.
� Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural Based on this experiment, The compatibility between natural
rubber and base asphalt is not good. rubber and base asphalt is not good. rubber and base asphalt is not good. rubber and base asphalt is not good.
� Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of Stabilizing agent can be used to improve the compatibility of
SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block SMR20 and base asphalt, However, it is useless for Skim block
rubber and asphalt system. rubber and asphalt system. rubber and asphalt system. rubber and asphalt system.
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3 Effect of process parameters
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3. Effect of process parameters
� Effect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contents
47.5
49
50.4
51.852.4
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
0 3 4 5 6
So
fte
nin
g P
oin
t ( ℃℃ ℃℃
)
Contents of SMR20 (%)
Softening Point
184.2
322.5
432.5
530 522.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 3 4 5 6V
isco
sity
at
60℃℃ ℃℃
(Pa
·s)
Contents of SMR20 (%)
Viscosity at 60℃℃℃℃
� 3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt3% of stabilizer by weight of base asphalt
� High temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performance
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3. Effect of process parameters
� Effect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contentsEffect of SMR20 contents� Low temperature performanceLow temperature performanceLow temperature performanceLow temperature performance� Asphalt consistencyAsphalt consistencyAsphalt consistencyAsphalt consistency� Storage stabilityStorage stabilityStorage stabilityStorage stability
100
60.951
19.324.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 3 4 5 6
Du
ctil
ity
a
t 1
0 ℃℃ ℃℃
(cm
)
Contents of SMR20 (%)
Ductility at 10 ℃℃℃℃
64
67.5
72.5
62.861.2
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
0 3 4 5 6
Pe
ne
tra
tio
n a
t 2
5 ℃℃ ℃℃
(0.1
mm
)
Contents of SMR20 (%)
Penetration at 25℃℃℃℃
2.4
0.7
6.8
3.8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3 4 5 6△△ △△S
P o
f 4
8h
r se
pa
rati
on
te
st (℃℃ ℃℃
)
Contents of SMR20 (%)
Separation test
3% of Stabilizer by weight of base asphalt
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3. Effect of process parameters
� Effect of stabilizer contentsEffect of stabilizer contentsEffect of stabilizer contentsEffect of stabilizer contents
52.4
50.4
49
49.5
5050.5
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
2 3
So
fte
nin
g P
oin
t ( ℃℃ ℃℃
)
Contents of Stabilizer (%)
Softening Point
477.5
432.5
400
420
440
460
480
500
2 3Vis
cosi
ty a
t 6
0℃℃ ℃℃
(Pa
·s)
Contents of Stabilizer (%)
Viscosity at 60℃℃℃℃
24.8
51
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2 3Du
ctil
ity
a
t 1
0 ℃℃ ℃℃
(cm
)
Contents of Stabilizer (%)
Ductility at 10 ℃℃℃℃
61.6
72.5
55
60
65
70
75
2 3
Pe
ne
tra
tio
n a
t 2
5 ℃℃ ℃℃
(0.1
mm
)
Contents of Stabilizer (%)
Penetration at 25℃℃℃℃
4% of SMR by weight of base asphalt
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3. Effect of process parameters
� The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase The high temperature performance of asphalt would increase
with increasing SMR20 contents.with increasing SMR20 contents.with increasing SMR20 contents.with increasing SMR20 contents.
� The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition The penetration of asphalt is to a certain rise up by the addition
of stabilizer. of stabilizer. of stabilizer. of stabilizer.
� Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 Based on this experiment, the most effective ratio of SMR20 and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt and stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of base asphalt separately. separately. separately. separately.
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4Comparative study
on rheological performance
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4. Comparative study on rheological performance
� MaterialsMaterialsMaterialsMaterials� AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80AC: Base asphalt, PEN 60/80
� SMRSMRSMRSMR----2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer2: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 2% of stabilizer
� SMRSMRSMRSMR----3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer3: Asphalt modified by 4% of SMR20 and 3% of stabilizer
� SBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of StyreneSBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of StyreneSBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of StyreneSBS: Asphalt modified by 4% of Styrene----butadienebutadienebutadienebutadiene----styrenestyrenestyrenestyrene
block copolymers. block copolymers. block copolymers. block copolymers.
� AR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubberAR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubberAR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubberAR: Asphalt modified by 18% of Tire crumb rubber
Penetration (25
℃℃℃℃,,,,5s ,,,,100g)(0.1mm)
Softening point
(℃℃℃℃)
Ductility (15℃℃℃℃,,,,cm)
Ductility
(10℃℃℃℃,,,,cm)
Viscosity (60℃℃℃℃,
Pa·s)
Base
Asphalt64 47.5 >>>>100 >>>>100 184.2
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4. Comparative study on rheological performance
Asphalt type AC SMR-2 SBS AR
PG grade PG64-22 PG64-22 PG76-28 PG82-28
� PG gradePG gradePG gradePG grade
Asphalt type AC SMR-2Superpave
standard
DSR
Original asphalt
G*/sinδ (kPa)
64℃℃℃℃ 1.36 2.64≥1.0
70℃℃℃℃ 0.639 1.36
RTFOT
G*/sinδ (kPa)
64℃℃℃℃ 2.62 4.39≥2.2
70℃℃℃℃ 1.20 2.01
PAV
G*sinδ (kPa)25℃℃℃℃ 3612 3210 ≤5000
BBR
-12℃℃℃℃S (MPa) 239 205
S≤300
m≥0.1
m 0.327 0.313
-18℃℃℃℃S (Mpa) 466 417
m 0.250 0.249
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4. Comparative study on rheological performance
� High temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performanceHigh temperature performance� MultiMultiMultiMulti----step creep and recovery test (MSCR)step creep and recovery test (MSCR)step creep and recovery test (MSCR)step creep and recovery test (MSCR)� AASHTO T350AASHTO T350AASHTO T350AASHTO T350
7.2
1.7
2.1
0.6
7.4
2.7
3.2
0.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
AC SMR-2 SMR-3 SBS
Jnr
(KP
a-1
)
Jnr0.1
Jnr3.2
High temperature performance: SBS>SMR-2>SMR-3>AC
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4. Comparative study on rheological performance
� Low temperature performance Low temperature performance Low temperature performance Low temperature performance � Bending beam Bending beam Bending beam Bending beam rheometerrheometerrheometerrheometer test (BBR)test (BBR)test (BBR)test (BBR)� AASHTO T313AASHTO T313AASHTO T313AASHTO T313
239
205
128
466
417
259
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
AC SMR-2 SBS
S (
MP
a)
-12℃
-18℃
0.3270.313
0.38
0.25 0.249
0.318
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
AC SMR-2 SBSm
-12℃
-18℃
Low temperature performance: SBS>SMR-2>AC
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4. Comparative study on rheological performance
� Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified Based on this experiment, The PG grade of SMR modified
asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and asphalt is the same as base asphalt, much lower than SBS and
Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts. Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts. Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts. Tire crumb rubber modified asphalts.
� The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved The rheological performance of base asphalt can be improved
by modified with SMR to a certain degree. by modified with SMR to a certain degree. by modified with SMR to a certain degree. by modified with SMR to a certain degree.
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5 Economic analysis
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5. Economic analysis
SMR SBS AR
Raw
Materials
Base asphalt 1446.5 1446.5 1446.5
SMR20 7484.25 / /
SBS
copolymer/ 12500 /
Tire Crumb
rubber/ / 1000
Stabilizer 3125 3125 /
Others / 625 /
Products 1809 2023 1627
� Price estimationPrice estimationPrice estimationPrice estimation
Notes: The formula of each products are estimated as below:
SMR: 100% Asphalt+4% SMR20+2% Stabilizer
SBS: 100% Asphalt+4% SBS copolymer +2.4% Stabilizer+0.12% Others
AR: 100% Asphalt+18% Tire crumb rubber
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6 Conclusion
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6. Conclusion
� Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion � By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing By controlling suitable preparation temperature and adding stabilizing
agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.agent, compatible and stable SMR modified asphalt can be prepared.� Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and Based on this experiment, The most effective ratio of SMR20 and
stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. stabilizer are 4% and 2% by weight of original asphalt separately. � Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is Based on this experiment ,the quality of SMR modified asphalt is
better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb better than base asphalt, but is not as good as SBS and Tire crumb rubber modified asphalt. rubber modified asphalt. rubber modified asphalt. rubber modified asphalt.
� The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and The road property of Natural rubber modified asphalt mixture and detail economic analysis should be further investigated. detail economic analysis should be further investigated. detail economic analysis should be further investigated. detail economic analysis should be further investigated.
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Thank you!!!!WWW.JSTI.COM
WWW.NLARM.CN
Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. RongjiRongjiRongjiRongji CaoCaoCaoCao
E-mail: [email protected]
National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Road Materials