3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Describing the States of Matter
Based their shapes and volumes,
Materials can be classified as:
1.Solids
2.Liquids
3.Gases
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Solid •Definite shape
•Definite volume. Most solids have orderly
arrangement of particles at the atomic level.
Difficult for particles to move past each other.
Example: copper wire
Describing the States of Matter
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Liquid
•Definite volume
•No definite shape.
Describing the States of Matter
Takes the shape of its container Can pour from one container to another. Atoms easily slide past each other,
but hard to get away from group Example:
Mercury atoms are close, but more random than atoms in solid copper.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Gas
•No definite shape
•No definite volume.
Describing the States of Matter
Gas takes shape/volume of container. “Shape” of helium in a balloon is same
as shape of the balloon itself. Volume of helium in a balloon is equal
to volume of the balloon. Particles “fly” past each other, free
to move until bump into something.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
• Materials often undergo physical changes because of temperature and energy changes – Example: freezing = liquid state solid state
• Phase change: – reversible physical change that occurs when a
substance changes from one state of matter to another.
Charactaristics of Phase Changes
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Charactaristics of Phase Changes
•Melting:
solid liquid•Freezing:
liquid solid
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Charactaristics of Phase Changes
•Vaporization:
liquid gas•Condensation:
gas liquid
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Charactaristics of Phase Changes
•Sublimation:
solid gas•Deposition:
gas solid
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Charactaristics of Phase Changes•Diagram shows physical changes between solid, liquid, and gas phases.•Each arrow shows a different phase change. •All phase changes share certain characteristics related to energy and temperature.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Other States of Matter
PLASMA atoms break into pieces•Extremely high temperatures (e.g. inside stars), atoms cannot hang on to all their electrons
– ~99% of all the matter in the universe is in plasmas– State that is not common on Earth
Bose-Einstein condensate •Extremely low temperatures (near –273°C)•Groups of atoms behave as though they are a single particle.
Describing the States of Matter
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions #1
Definite or Not?
Shape Volume
Solid
Liquid
Gas
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions
2. During a phase change, a substance undergoes a(n) a. reversible change from one state to another.
b. irreversible change from one state to another.
c. reversible change to a different substance.
d. irreversible change to a different substance.
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions
3. What is the phase change in which a solid is converted directly to a liquid? a. melting
b. sublimation
c. condensation
d. deposition
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions
4. What is the phase change in which a solid is converted directly to a gas? a. evaporation
b. sublimation
c. condensation
d. deposition
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions
5. What is the phase change in which a gas is converted directly to a liquid? a. evaporation
b. sublimation
c. condensation
d. deposition
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions
6. What is the phase change in which a gas is converted directly to a solid? a. evaporation
b. sublimation
c. condensation
d. deposition
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions
7. What is the phase change in which a liquid is converted directly to a solid? a. evaporation
b. freezing
c. condensation
d. deposition
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Assessment Questions
8. What is the phase change in which a liquid is converted directly to a gas? a. evaporation
b. freezing
c. condensation
d. deposition