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IMPACT OF ICT ON SOCIETY:IMPACT OF ICT ON SOCIETY:Malaysian Cyber Law, ElectronicMalaysian Cyber Law, Electronic
Government Law.Government Law.
Presented by:Presented by:
Ferellica Anne M.Ferellica Anne M.
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DIGITAL SIGNATURE ACT 1997.DIGITAL SIGNATURE ACT 1997.
Why the ACT exist?Why the ACT exist?
Transactions conducted via internet increasing.Transactions conducted via internet increasing.
Identities and messages can falsified.Identities and messages can falsified.
Need purchaser and seller identity for the integrity ofNeed purchaser and seller identity for the integrity of
messages.messages.
Removing doubt and possibility of fraud.Removing doubt and possibility of fraud.
What the ACT is about?What the ACT is about? Provides for regulation of public key infrastructure.Provides for regulation of public key infrastructure.
Make digital signature legally valid and enforceable asMake digital signature legally valid and enforceable as
traditional signature.traditional signature.
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COPYRIGHT (AMENDMENT) ACT 1997.COPYRIGHT (AMENDMENT) ACT 1997.
Why the ACT exist?Why the ACT exist?
To protect expressions of thoughts and ideas fromTo protect expressions of thoughts and ideas from
unauthorized copying alteration.unauthorized copying alteration.
Creative expressions is being captured.Creative expressions is being captured.
What the AMENDMENT ACT about?What the AMENDMENT ACT about?
Clear protection accorded to multimedia works.Clear protection accorded to multimedia works.
Transmissions of copyright works over the Internet clearlyTransmissions of copyright works over the Internet clearlyamount to infringement.amount to infringement.
Technological methods of ensuring works and authorship infoTechnological methods of ensuring works and authorship info
are not altered or removed is protected.are not altered or removed is protected.
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TELEMEDICINE ACT 1997.TELEMEDICINE ACT 1997.
Why the ACT exist?Why the ACT exist?
Healthcare systems and providers around the world areHealthcare systems and providers around the world arebecoming interconnected.becoming interconnected.
Unclear quality healthcare advice and consultation fromUnclear quality healthcare advice and consultation from
specialist because doesnt have truth value.specialist because doesnt have truth value.
To regulate practice of teleTo regulate practice of tele--consultation in medical profession.consultation in medical profession.
What the ACT is about?What the ACT is about? The ACT provides that any registered doctor may practiceThe ACT provides that any registered doctor may practice
telemedicine but other healthcare providers must first obtaintelemedicine but other healthcare providers must first obtain
a license to do so.a license to do so.
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COMPUTER CRIMES ACT 1997.COMPUTER CRIMES ACT 1997.
Why the ACT exist?Why the ACT exist?
As computing becomes more central to peoples life andAs computing becomes more central to peoples life and
work, computers become both targets and tool of crime.work, computers become both targets and tool of crime.
To ensure misuse of computer is offense.To ensure misuse of computer is offense.
What the ACT is about?What the ACT is about?
Offers to:Offers to:--
Enter or attempt into computers and computer systems withoutEnter or attempt into computers and computer systems withoutauthorization.authorization.
Damage or alter data/information in computers or computerDamage or alter data/information in computers or computer
system by planting viruses.system by planting viruses.
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COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA ACT 1998.COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA ACT 1998.
Why the ACT exist?Why the ACT exist?
Convergence of technologies is driving convergence ofConvergence of technologies is driving convergence oftelecommunication, broadcasting, computing, and content.telecommunication, broadcasting, computing, and content.
What the ACT is about?What the ACT is about?
A restructuring of converged ICT industry.A restructuring of converged ICT industry.
Create and define a new system of licenses.Create and define a new system of licenses.
Provide communication and multimedia services.Provide communication and multimedia services.
Provide the existence of the Communication and MultimediaProvide the existence of the Communication and Multimedia
Commission.Commission.
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POLICY OBJECTIVES OF CMA.POLICY OBJECTIVES OF CMA.
To regulate for the longTo regulate for the long--term benefit of the end user.term benefit of the end user.
To promote consumer confidence in service delivery.To promote consumer confidence in service delivery. To ensure equitable provision of affordable services.To ensure equitable provision of affordable services.
To create a robust applications environment for theTo create a robust applications environment for the
end user.end user.
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Why the Electronic Government exist?Why the Electronic Government exist?
Government is working on individual departmental projectsGovernment is working on individual departmental projects
rather than creating a general framework to take it forward.rather than creating a general framework to take it forward.
There is strong belief in electronic government.There is strong belief in electronic government.
To control bloggers and prevent from spreadingTo control bloggers and prevent from spreading
disharmony, chaos, seditious material and lies on websites.disharmony, chaos, seditious material and lies on websites.
Registering bloggers help prevent controversy in theRegistering bloggers help prevent controversy in the
government and help promote harmony in the country.government and help promote harmony in the country.
What the Electronic Government is about?What the Electronic Government is about?
Electronic government is already in many departments; inElectronic government is already in many departments; in
fact, ahead of most of Europe are in electronic governance.fact, ahead of most of Europe are in electronic governance.
Electronic Government needs to be more central steering.Electronic Government needs to be more central steering.
The government isnt against it, but it certainly isntThe government isnt against it, but it certainly isntchampioning it. Ecommerce will radically reshapechampioning it. Ecommerce will radically reshape
government over the next five years.government over the next five years.
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ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DATABASES.ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DATABASES.
American Government Curriculum based referenceAmerican Government Curriculum based reference
database for government that includes daily UPIdatabase for government that includes daily UPI
stories, annotated bibliographies, interactive topicstories, annotated bibliographies, interactive topic
exploration, and political commentary from Robertexploration, and political commentary from Robert
Novak and Bill Press.Novak and Bill Press.
Facts of File Collection of databases on history,Facts of File Collection of databases on history,
geography, science, and health.Includes career andgeography, science, and health.Includes career andcurriculum resources as well as personal andcurriculum resources as well as personal and
business forms.business forms.
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First Search Collection of fifteen databases includingFirst Search Collection of fifteen databases includingWorldCat, Medline, WilsonSelectPlus that provideWorldCat, Medline, WilsonSelectPlus that provideboth citations and fullboth citations and full--text. WorldCat is the largesttext. WorldCat is the largest
international database featuring more than 54 millioninternational database featuring more than 54 millionitems from the 50,000 plus OCLC member libraries.items from the 50,000 plus OCLC member libraries.EdgarDatabase Database of searchable SEC filingsEdgarDatabase Database of searchable SEC filingssuch as annual and quarterly reports. Search bysuch as annual and quarterly reports. Search bycompany name, SIC code, etc. Obtain mutual fundcompany name, SIC code, etc. Obtain mutual fund
prospectuses, as well as archived information.prospectuses, as well as archived information.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT 2000.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT 2000.
Relate to electronic form which filing effected.Relate to electronic form which filing effected.
Relate to manner and format which electronicRelate to manner and format which electronic issue,issue,grant or payment issued and method of payment ofgrant or payment issued and method of payment of
fee.fee.
Relate to securityRelate to security records be filed, electronic recordrecords be filed, electronic record
and secure digitaland secure digital,,procedure for purpose of creatingprocedure for purpose of creating
secure, and signature.secure, and signature.
Relate to other standards observed by Controller ofRelate to other standards observed by Controller of
Certifying Authorities Relate to fee to be paid toCertifying Authorities Relate to fee to be paid to
Certifying Authority for issue of a SignatureCertifying Authority for issue of a Signature
Certificate.Certificate. Relate procedure for investigation ofRelate procedure for investigation ofDigitalDigital
Presiding Officer.Presiding Officer.
Relate to any other power of aRelate to any other power of a misbehavior ormisbehavior or
incapacity.incapacity.
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Relate to any other matter which isRelate to any other matter which is civil court requiredcivil court required
to be prescribed.to be prescribed.
Relate to maintenance of databaseRelate to maintenance of database required to be, orrequired to be, or
may be Certifying Authority.may be Certifying Authority.
Relate to conditions andRelate to conditions and containing disclosure recordcontaining disclosure record
of recognize any foreignof recognize any foreign restrictions subject whichrestrictions subject which
Controller may.Controller may.
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THE INDUCE ACT.THE INDUCE ACT.
Supported by Senate Judiciary Committee ChairmanSupported by Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman
Orrin Hatch, ROrrin Hatch, R--Utah.Utah. Make manufacturers of such software liable forMake manufacturers of such software liable for
inducing people to commit copyright infringement.inducing people to commit copyright infringement.
Consumer complained that the bill's language is tooConsumer complained that the bill's language is too
broad and could apply liability to legitimate technology.broad and could apply liability to legitimate technology.
Represent sides to propose own compromise inRepresent sides to propose own compromise in
congressional session and are given tight deadline,congressional session and are given tight deadline,
according to condition of anonymity.according to condition of anonymity.
Necessary after a federal appeals court; manufacturerNecessary after a federal appeals court; manufacturer
of fileof file--sharing software of liability committed bysharing software of liability committed bycustomers was cleared.customers was cleared.
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Future Cyber Laws must recognizes the peopleFuture Cyber Laws must recognizes the peopledevelopment componentdevelopment component--crucial for a Kcrucial for a K--Economy. TheEconomy. Theexisting Cyber Laws created the necessary impact butexisting Cyber Laws created the necessary impact butconstant review is necessary. Technology innovations,constant review is necessary. Technology innovations,
business innovations, criminal innovations, andbusiness innovations, criminal innovations, andglobalization. An exclusive legislative process mayglobalization. An exclusive legislative process mayshorten review cycle. Malaysian Government envisions toshorten review cycle. Malaysian Government envisions toreinvent governance activities through ereinvent governance activities through e--GovernmentGovernmentprojects and applications. Several testprojects and applications. Several test--beds are already inbeds are already in
place to provide ICT which enabled solutions such as eplace to provide ICT which enabled solutions such as e--judiciary, ejudiciary, e--passport and telepassport and tele-- healthcare. Such ehealthcare. Such e--applications inevitably come with legal impediments thatapplications inevitably come with legal impediments thatwould slow down the reinvention process unless they arewould slow down the reinvention process unless they areproperly addressed and solved.properly addressed and solved.
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REFERENCESREFERENCES
http://www.fountaindale.lib.il.us/information/databases/gohttp://www.fountaindale.lib.il.us/information/databases/go
vernmentDB.htmvernmentDB.htm
http://www.silicon.com/management/government.htmhttp://www.silicon.com/management/government.htm
http://www.asianlaws.org/consultancy/setting_up.htmhttp://www.asianlaws.org/consultancy/setting_up.htm http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/66510/Malaysian_Ghttp://www.digitaljournal.com/article/66510/Malaysian_G
overnment_Looking_to_Quiet_Bloggersovernment_Looking_to_Quiet_Bloggers
http://www.asianlaws.org/cyberlaw/newsletter/issues/cl_http://www.asianlaws.org/cyberlaw/newsletter/issues/cl_
nl_49.htmnl_49.htm http://www.jagat.com.my/Cyberlawseries/consultancy.hthttp://www.jagat.com.my/Cyberlawseries/consultancy.ht
mm