Typical process sequence for glass working
Raw material:Principal component: silica (SiO2)Additives: Na2O, CaO, K2O
• Discrete process for piece ware like bottle, light bulbs
• Continuous process of making flat glass/tube: used for glasswindow/lab wares, fluorescent light
• Fiber making processes: fibers for insulation or fiber glass composite
Shaping of pieceware
• Spinning
• Pressing
• Blowing
• Casting
Processes
Spinning
Pressing
Press and blow
Blow and blow
Rolling of flat plate
Float process
Drawing of the glass tube
Drawing of continuous glass fiber
Powder Metallurgy Process
Element or alloy metal powder Additives (lubs or binders)
Blending
Compaction
Sintering
Optional secondary Manufac
Optional secondary Fininshing
Finished P/M Product
Production of Metal particles(a,b): atomization by gas(c): atomisation by water(d): centrifugal atomization
Conventional Powder Metallurgy: Production Sequence
1. The blending techniques
3. The sintering technique
2. The compaction techniques
Special Pressing and Sintering Technique
Isostatic Pressing
Cold Isostatic Pressing Hot Isostatic Pressing
Combined pressing and sintering
Few Powder Metallurgy Products