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Generator Protection
Siemens LSA 2.5.2 . September 1996 1
Application
The 7UM511 is a numerical generatorprotection relay offering a practical combination of protection functions for generators. The device provides all the necessary protection functions for small
generators of the type used in emergency diesel generating sets or privatepower plants. The unit also serves as abasic module for more comprehensiveprotection systems based on the 7UM51series for large generators. The 7UM51protection system is supplemented bythe 7UT51 differential protection units.
The protective functions integrated in thedevice allow use of the 7UM511 as system disconnector.
Design
The compact device contains all components required for:
D
Measuredvalue acquisition and evaluation
D Operation and display
D Indication and command output
D Acquisition of binary signals
D Serial data transfer
D Auxiliary power supply.
The device can be supplied with housingsfor flush or surface mounting. The version for control panel mounting or cubiclemounting is supplied with connection terminals at the rear of the device and isavailable with or without a glass cover.The version for control panel mounting isequipped with 100 screw terminals accessible from the front.
Functions
The following protection functions areimplemented:
D Overcurrenttime protection (with undervoltage sealin)
D
Singlephase overcurrent protection(can be implemented as rotor earthfault protection)
D Stator overload protection
D Underexcitation protection
D Overvoltage protection
D Undervoltage protection
D Overfrequency protection
D Underfrequency protection
D Reverse power protection
D Forward power monitoring
D Unbalanced-load protection
D Stator earthfault protection V0>
D Direct injection (for separate protection equipment)
D Trip circuit monitoring.
Measurement method
The influence of harmonics, highfrequency transients, transient direct current components and differing CT saturation levels are suppressed to a largedegree by the use of powerful micropro
cessors and complete digital signal processing (measuredvalue acquisition,measuredvalue conditioning and measuredvalue processing).
Availability and precise measurementeven with varying frequencies are assured by automatic followup of the sampling frequency for the range 10 to 68 Hz.
Several of the integrated protection functions make use of variables that are available in the form of symmetrical components. A change in the phase sequence,as is used in reversal in pumpedstoragepower plants, must be communicated tothe 7UM511 protection device to ensurethat the symmetrical components arecorrectly formed. A binary signal inputcan be assigned this switchover function.
7UM511 Generator protection relay (version V3)
Fig. 17UM511 generator protection relay (version V3)
27
32F
32R
40
46
Scope of functions
51
51N
59
64
64R
49S 81
Siemens AG 1996e
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Generator Protection
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Serial interfaces
The relay is equipped with two serial interfaces. The interface at the front is suitable for connection of an ATcompatiblePC. The program DIGSI is available as aconvenient way of making settings, evaluating fault recordings and faults, andcommissioning. The interface located atthe rear of the device is available eitheras an isolated RS 232 interface or as afibreoptic interface. It is intended for useeither as a system interface for connection to the SINAUT LSA substation control and protection system to a centralprotection data unit (protocol according toVDEW/ZVEI recommended), or as an operator interface for connecting a PC.
Settings
All setting parameters are entered withmenu guidance via the integrated operator and display panel or a PC. They arewritten to a nonvolatile memory so thatthey are not lost even if the supply voltage is interrupted.
Selfmonitoring
All important components such as thehardware and software are continuouslymonitored and any irregularities in thehardware or in the program sequence aredetected and signalled. This significantlyimproves the reliability and availability of
the protection system.
Overcurrenttime protection (ANSI 51)
This protection function comprises twostages. The first stage generally servesas shortcircuit and backup protection forupstream relays such as differentialprotection and distance protection.
An undervoltage stage maintains the excitation when the current falls below thestarting threshold and at the same timethe voltage drops because the excitationsystem can no longer be sufficiently supplied.
The second stage can be implemented,for example, as a highspeed stage forlowvoltage generators or for constantvoltage generators.
Singlephase overcurrenttime protection (ANSI 51N or ANSI 64R)
This singlephase overcurrent protectioncan be implemented as a stator earthfault protection. This function detects theearthfault current limited by an impedance.
This protection system is so sensitivethat it can also be used as a rotor earthfault protection with the relevant accessories. A measuringcircuit monitoringfunction is available for this application.
Stator overload protection (ANSI 49)
The task of the overload protection is toprotect the stator windings from high,continuous overload currents. All loadcycles are evaluated by the mathematicalmodel used. The thermal effect of theeffective current value forms the basis ofthe calculation. The ambient temperatureor the temperature of the coolant can beinjected as a proportional voltage toachieve adaptation to the prevailingconditions; otherwise a constant ambienttemperature is assumed. By monitoringthe minimum voltage, a wire break at theinput for the temperature injection is de
tected. If this input is suitably connected,4 mA to 20 mA transducers can also beused for temperature acquisition.
7UM511 Generator protection relay (version V3)
Fig. 2Calculation of temperature from the phase currents according to the mathematical model
t
0.83
11.1
1
Trip threshold with setting I/IN = 1.1
I/IN/ trip
I
Fig. 3Admittance diagram with the response characteristics for the static and dynamic stability limit
1
R
1
X
l2
l1=
1st char
acteris
tic
2nd characteris
tic
a3
a2 a1
S
E
V
V
1
xd
Angular
linear 3
Angular
linear 2
Angular
linear 1
l3
I
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Generator Protection
Siemens LSA 2.5.2 . September 1996 3
Underexcitation protection (ANSI 40)
The load angle is calculated as the complex admittance derived from the generator terminal voltage and current. Thisprotection prevents damage due to lossof synchronism resulting from underexcitation. The protection function providestwo characteristics for monitoring staticand dynamic stability. Monitoring of theexciter voltage ensures fast response ofthe protection on exciter failure.
The positive sequence systems of current and voltage are used to calculate thevariables. This ensures that the protection always operates correctly even withasymmetrical network conditions.
Overvoltage protection (ANSI 59)This protection prevents insulation faultsthat result when the voltage is too high.The protection function uses the positivesequence components of the voltagesand is therefore independent of the neutral point displacement caused by earthfaults. This protection function is implemented in two stages.
Undervoltage protection (ANSI 27)
Undervoltage protection compares thepositivesequence components of thevoltages with a lower limit value. Thisfunction is used for asynchronous machines and pumpedstorage sets and pre
vents the voltagerelated instability ofsuch machines.
Frequency protection (ANSI 81)
The 7UM511 protection relay includes afourstage frequency protection. Eachstage can be implemented either as anoverfrequency or underfrequency protection. The complicated algorithm successfully filters out the fundamental wavesand determines the frequency extremelyprecisely even if the voltage is distorted.
Reverse power protection (ANSI 32)
The reverse power protection monitors
the direction of power flow and respondswhen the mechanical energy fails because then the drive energy is taken fromthe network. This function provided bythe 7UM511 can be used for operationalshutdown of the generator but also prevents damage to the steam turbines. Thereverse power is calculated from the positivesequence systems of current andvoltage. Asymmetrical network faults donot therefore cause reduced measuringaccuracy. The position of the emergencytrip valve is injected as binary informationand is used to switch between twoswitchoff command delays.
Forward powermonitoring (ANSI 32)
Monitoring of the power produced by agenerator can be useful for starting upand shutting down generators. One stagemonitors violation beyond one limit valuewhile another stage monitors violationbelow another limit value. The power iscalculated using the positivesequencecomponent of current and voltage.
Unbalanced-load protection (ANSI 46)
Asymmetrical current loads in the threephases of a generator cause a temperature rise in the rotor because of the reverse field produced.
This protection detects an asymmetricalload in threephase machines. It functions on the basis of symmetrical components and evaluates the negative phasesequence system of the phase currents.The thermal processes are represented ina mathematical model. Warning and triggering stages that can be set separatelycompare the calculated overtemperatureagainst relevant threshold values. In addi
tion, the load unbalance is evaluated byan independent stage which is supplemented by a timedelay element.
Stator earthfault protection (ANSI 64)
Earth faults manifest themselves in generators that are operated in isolation bythe occurrence of a displacement voltagein the generator neutral point which isequivalent to a zerophase sequence system in the phasetoearth voltage.
The 7UM511 protection relay calculatesthe zerophase system of the phasetoearth voltage and compares the resultingdisplacement voltage with a settable
limiting value. This provides earthfaultprotection for up to 95% of the statorwinding.
Direct injection
Direct injection of the 7UM511 protectionrelay is a function used for the acquisitionof digital information. This digital information is entered in the fault indicationmemory. They can influence the LEDsalarm relay" and command relay".Each direct injection" can delay the effect of the digital information with an in
dividual timer. The function direct injection" is used to process information fromthe Buchholz protection or machine commands.
Trip circuit monitoring
The 7UM511 protection relay can monitortwo trip circuits (circuitbreaker coils including supply conductor) for correctfunctioning. If a fault is detected in themonitored circuits the protection relayoutputs an indication.
Status measurements
The values acquired and calculated by thedevice such as primary and secondary
conductor current and voltage, earth current, neutral voltage, positivesequencecomponents of active and reactivepower, frequency, active power, reactivepower, power factor, currentvoltageangle, rotor displacement angle, excitervoltage, calculated conductorrelatedovertemperature, coolant temperature,negative phasesequence components ofthe phase currents, overtemperature resulting from load unbalance and thedirection of rotating field can be displayedon the LC display or on a PC.
7UM511 Generator protection relay (version V3)
Fig. 4Trip range of the load unbalance protection
Unbalance
warning stage I2>
Thermal trip
stage
Thermal
warning stage
t
TWARN
T>>TRIP
I2perm I2>> I2
Unbalance trip
stage I2>>
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Generator Protection
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Fault recording
Depending on the parameters set, eitherrecording of current (display of input variables) or rms values (one value for eachperiod) is implemented in the protectionrelay. The maximum duration of time during which faults are recorded depends onthe recording frequency. Several faultscan be recorded (max. 8) in a memoryone after the other. This number whichcan be set also depends on the numberof faults. The lead time and overtraveltime and triggering event (start of faultrecording with activation and triggering)can be set to meet different demands.The recorded fault data can be transferred either to the SINAUT LSA substation control and protection or to a PC
where they are then analysed.
Trip matrix/trip circuits
The device is equipped with five trip relays. These can be arbitrarily assigned tothe protection functions described aboveby parameterization (software matrix).Furthermore, each protection functioncan be switched ON" or OFF" via theoperator panel. A third blocked" positionpermits commissioning of the unit withthe local indications and the alarm relaycircuits operative, but without trippingthe circuitbreakers. With the many parameterized possibilities provided, testingof and alterations to the circuitbreakeroperation can be performed during commissioning, as well as during normal operation without the need for rewiring.
Indication memory
The device provides detailed data for analysing faults and checking operatingstates. All the indication memories listedbelow are protected against power supply loss.
D TimeA batterybacked clock is provided asstandard and synchronized via a binaryinput or system interface. All indications are assigned a time and date.
D Fault indicationsThe indications of the last three faultsare can be accessed at any time.
D Operational indicationsAll indications that are not directly connected to a fault are stored in the op
erational indication memory.
Assignable alarm relays, LEDs andbinary inputs
Alarm relays and LEDs can be freely assigned by the user to provide userspecific output and display of indications.The LED displays are protected againstloss of power.
All binary inputs are also freely assignable and each input can be assigned toseveral logical inputs.
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Generator Protection
Siemens LSA 2.5.2 . September 1996 5
Technical data
Input circuits Rated currentRated voltage, can be parameterized
Rated frequency, can be parameterized
Thermal overload capabilityin voltage path, continuous
in current path, continuous
v1 s
v10 s
in earthfault path, continuous
v1 s
v10 s
DC inputs
Power consumptionin voltage path at VN = 100 V
i n c ur ren t p at h at IN = 1 Aat IN = 5 A
1 o r 5 A100 to 125 V AC
50/60 Hz
140 V AC
4x IN
100 x IN
20 x IN
15 A
300 A
100 A
60 V DC
Trip delay, reset delay
Resetting ratio
Response time
Undervoltage sealin V
Trip delay, reset delayReset ratio
Response time
Measuring circuit monitoring current IE, V>>
Trip delay, reset delay
Reset ratio
Response time
30 to 180V
0 t o 32 s
0.95
approx. 50 ms
Undervoltage protection (ANSI 27) Voltage V> (referred toIN)
Reset ratio
Trip delay, reset delay
Response time of the independent characteristic
3 t o 3 0 %
0 t o 32 s
100 to 2500 s
70 to 99 %
10 to 80 %
0.95
0 t o 32 s
approx. 50 ms
Stator earthfault protection(ANSI 59N)
Displacement voltage
Reset ratio
Trip delay, reset delay
Response time
5to 100 V
0.7
0 t o 32 s
approx. 50 ms
Direct injection Number
Trigger delay t1, t2, t3, t4
Reset delay t1, t2, t3, t4
Response time
4
0 t o 32 s
0 t o 32 s
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Generator Protection
Siemens LSA 2.5.2 . September 1996 7
Technical data(cont.)
Contacts Potentialfree trip contactsSwitching capacity Make
Break
Permissible current Continuous0.5 s
Switching voltage
Alarm contacts
Switchingcapacity Make/break
Permissible current
Switching voltage
3x 2 S, 2 x 1 S (total of 5 trip relays)1000 W or VA30 Wor VA
5 A30 A
250A DC
13
20 Wor VA
1 A
250 V DC
Displays, signal inputs LED displays at the front of the device
Optocoupler 24 to 250 V DC
Current consumption independent of voltage range
16
8
approx. 2.5 mA
Design of device For panel surface mountingWeight
For panel flush mounting/cubicle mountingWeight
Degree of protection to EN 60 529
In housing 7XP2040-1approx. 12 kg
In housing 7XP2040-2approx. 10.5 kg
IP 51
CE conformity, regulations This product is in conformity with the directive of the Council ofthe European Communities onthe approximation ofthe laws ofthe Member States relating to the electromagnetic compatibility(EMC Council Directive 89/336/EEC).The product conforms with the international standard IEC 255 andthe national standard DIN VDE 57 435/part 303.
The relay is designed for use in an industrial environment, forinstallation in standard relay rooms and compartments so thatwith proper installation electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) isensured.
Conformity is proved by tests performedby Siemens AG in line with article 10 ofthe Council Directive in accordance withthe generic standards EN 50081-2 andEN 50082-2.
Insulation tests
IEC 255-5, DIN VDE 0435 Part 303
Voltage test (routine test), all circuits excluding auxiliary voltage
Voltage test (routine test), auxiliary voltage only
Impulse voltage test (type test), all circuits, class III
2 kV (rms value), 50 Hz
2.8 kV DC
5 kV (peak value), 1.2/50 ms, 0.5 J,
3 positive and 3 negativeimpulses in intervals of 5 s
EMC tests fornoise immunity
(Type tests)Standards: IEC 255-22 (product standard)
EN 50082-2 (basic specification)DIN VDE 0435 Part 303
High frequency testIEC 255-22-1, Class III and DIN VDE 0435 Part 303, Class III
Electrostatic discharge testIEC 255-22-2, Class III and EN 61000-4-2, Class III
Radiation with high frequency field, unmodulatedIEC 255-22-3 (Report), Class III
Radiation with high frequency field, amplitude modulatedEN 61000-4-3
Radiation with high frequency field, pulse modulatedENV 50204 / EN 61000-4-3
Fast transient interference/burstIEC 255-22-4 and EN 61000-4-4, Class III
Conducted HF, amplitude modulatedEN 61000-4-6
Magnetic field with highvoltage equipment frequencyEN 61000-4-8, Class IV
2.5 kV (peak value), 1 MHz, t = 15 ms,400 impulses per s, length of test 2 s
4 kV/6 kV contact discharge, 8 kV air discharge, both polarities, 150 pF,Rl = 330 W
10 V/m, 27 to 500 MHz
10 V/m, 80 to 1000 MHz, AM 80 %,1 kHz
10 V/m, 900 MHz, repetition frequency200 Hz, duty cycle 50 %
2 kV, 5/50 ns, 5 kHz, burst length = 15 ms,Repetition rate 300 ms, both polarities,Rl = 50 W, duration of test 1 min
10 V, 150 kHz to 80 MHz, AM 80 %,1 kHz
30 A/m continuous, 300 A/m fr 3 s, 50 Hz
EMC tests for emitted interference
(Type tests)Standards: EN 50081-2 (basic specification)
Radio interference voltage on lines, auxiliary voltage onlyCISPR 11, EN 55011, limit value class A andDIN VDE 0875 Part 11, limit value class A
Interference field strengthCISPR II, EN 55011, limit value class A andDIN VDE 0875 Part 11, limit value class A
150 kHz to 30 MHz
30 to 1000 MHz
Climatic conditions Permissibleambient temperature during operationduring storageduring transport
Humidity class
-5 to +55 C-25 to +55 C-25 to +70 C
Annual averagev75 % relative humidity,on 30 days per year up to 95 % relativehumidity, condensation not permissible
Mechanical stress testsIEC 255-21-1, IEC 68-2 Pe rmi ssi bl e me ch an ic al st re ss d ur ing o per at ionduring transport10 to 60 Hz, 0.035 mm amplitude60 to 500 Hz, 0.5 g acceleration
5 to 8 Hz, 7.5 mm amplitude8to 500 Hz, 2 g acceleration
7UM511 Generator protection relay (version V3)
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Generator Protection
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Selection and ordering data
Order No.7UM511 generator protection relay (V3) 7UM511 j - jj B 0 1 - 0 j B 0
Rated current at 50 to 60 Hz, 100 to 125 V AC
1 A5 A
15
Rated auxiliary voltage
24, 48 V DC60, 110, 125 V DC220, 250 V DC
245
Construction
For panel flush mounting/cabinet mountingFor panel surface mountingFor panel flush mounting or cabinet mounting, without glass cover
CDE
Rear, serial interface (suitable for substation control and protection and DIGSI operating program)
ElectricalFibreoptic
BC
Accessories
Rotor earthfault protection
Ballast 100/45 V A C (W x H x D in mm) 135 x 170 x 85Coupling device 2 x 4 mF 196 x 300 x 110Series resistor 196 x 300 x 146
7XR8500-07XR60003PP1336-0DZ013002
Operation
DIGSI program (suitable for all 7UM..., 7UT..., 7SJ..., 7SA..., ... protection relays) GermanEnglish
Test version: GermanEnglish
Connecting cable protection relay (25pin) - PC (9pin); (other versions available on request)
7XS5020-0AA007XS5020-1AA00
7XS5021-0AA007XS5021-1AA00
7XV5100-2
Documentation
German
Katalogblatt LSA 2.5.2: Maschinenschutz 7UM511 (Version V3)H an db uc h: Ma sc hi nen sc hu tz 7 UM51 1 ( Ver si on V 3)
E50001-K5752-A121-A2C53000-G1100-C109-1
English
CatalogLSA 2.5.2: 7UM511 Generator protection relay (Version V3)Ma nu al : 7 UM5 11 G ene rat or p ro tec ti on r ela y ( Ve rs ion V 3)
E50001-K5752-A121-A2-7600C53000-G1176-C109-1
7UM511 Generator protection relay (version V3)
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Generator Protection
Siemens LSA 2.5.2 . September 1996 9
7UM511 Generator protection relay (version V3)
Fig. 5Connection diagram of the 7UM511 generator protection relay (version V3)
Overcurrent
>
Overcurrent
>>
Overcurrent
>
Underfrequency
Block
Emerg.
Tripcontact
Excitervoltagemissing
isecload
VL1
VL2
VL3
VN
.../
100V
Yy0
G
IL1
IL2
IL3
IN
Iload
Exciter
Binaryinputs,
alarmrelays,
commandrelays.
LEDs
canbemarshalled
L1
L2
L3
7
B1
8
B1
6
B1
7
B2
8
B2
6
B2
7
B3
8
B3
6
B3
7
B4
8
B4
6
B4
3
D1
4
D1
3
D2
4
D2
3
D3
4
D3
3
D4
4
D4
3
C1
4
C1
3
C2
4
C2
3
C3
4
C3
3
C4
4
C4
6
A3
6
A1
6
A2
5
B1
5
B3
5
B4
5
B2
5
A1
5
A3
5
A4
5
A2
6
D1
6
D3
6
D4
6
D2
5
D1
5
D2
5
D3
5
D4
4
A3
4
A4
65
64
63
68
67
66
71
70
69
86
85
84
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
43
44
45
46
47
48
19
18
17
74
99
100
75
72
97
98
73
20
22
23
21
24
25
49
50
76
77
7UM511
Alarmrelay1
input1
Faultalarm
relay
Binary
Binary
input2
Binary
input3
Binary
input4
Binary
input5
input8
Binary
input7
Binary
input6
Binary
Versionforpanelsurfacemounting
Versionforpanelflushmounting/cabinetmounting
L+
L-L+ L
-L+
L-L+
L+
TxD
MT
9
3B1
13
2B1
10
3B2
11
3B3
31
2B3
1
3A1
5
3A2
2
2A1
6
2A2
3
1A1
7
1A2
4
1D1
8
1D2
53
8A2
54
8A1
56
8A3
57
7A2
58
7A1
59
7A4
60
7A3
61
8D2
62
8D1
78
8D4
79
8D3
80
7D2
81
7D1
82
7D4
83
7D3
37
2C1
38
2C2
39
2C3
40
2C4
15
4B1
L+
16
4B2
L-
51
4A1
52
4A2
14
2B2
RxD
MR
VL1
VL2
VL3
V
N
IL1
IL2
IL3
IN
Pt100amplifier
Powersupply
Vexcit.
Alarmrelay2
Alarmrelay3
Alarmrelay6
Alarmrelay5
Alarmrelay4
Alarmrelay11
Alarmrelay8
Alarmrelay7
Alarmrelay10
Alarmrelay12
Alarmrelay9
Command
relay1
Command
relay2
Command
relay3
Command
relay4
Command
relay5
RS232interface,
2kV-
isolatedlink
tocentralequipment
Fibreopticinterfacelinkto
centralequipment
f
/
/
Pr
Pr
/_
/
Pr
Returnpower
withPP
/_
/
Pr
VI
f
I
IE
(sensitive)
Injection1
L+
Injection2
1
L-
Blocking