Multimedia Authoring ToolsPertemuan 8
Matakuliah : T0732 / Sistem Multimedia
Tahun : 2007
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Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan
mampu :• memilih jenis - jenis authoring tools
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Outline Materi
• Multimedia Authoring
• Types of Authoring System
• Multimedia Programming Tools
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Multimedia Authoring
• Authoring tools provide an integrated environment for binding together the different elements of a Multimedia production.
Graphic
Video Animation
Audio
Text
Authoring
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The Components of an Authoring Tool
• Most authoring systems provide facilities for:– Loading and saving media assets (graphics, sounds,
videos, text, etc.)– Creating or editing audio and graphic images– Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to
create a single page)– Animation / transition effects– Specifying the sequence of the application– Adding interactive controls for navigation and actions at
run-time– Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions
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Types of Authoring System
• There are numerous development models that can be used for multimedia applications
• Authoring systems generally fall into one or more of the following categories:– Slide, card or frame based– Icon based– The score model– Object-oriented models– Scripting language based
• Some systems combine one or more of these to create more sophisticated tools
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Slide, Card or Frame Based• In these, authoring systems elements are organised as pages of a
book or a stack of cards.
• The authoring system lets you link these pages or cards into organised sequences.
• You can jump, on command, to any page you wish in a structured navigation pattern.
• A page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to provide navigation or pages may be sequentially viewed
• There may be global parameters that can be set to affect the entire application– e.g. background colour, default font, etc.
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Slide, Card or Frame Based
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Icon-Based Authoring
• Each part is represented an icon (symbolic picture)
• Each icon does a specific task, e.g. plays a sound
• Icons are then linked together to form complete applications
• Can easily visualise the structure and navigation of the final application
A screenshot of Macromedia Authorware
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Icon-Based Authoring
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The Score Model
• This model has an analogy with a musical score
• Instead of musical instruments playing notes we have multimedia objects (sounds, images, video, text, etc.) that do something at specific points (times) in the score
• There is usually some way to animate the objects (e.g. rotation, scaling, colour changes, etc.) between each transition (i.e. when they start and when they finish)
• Each multimedia object lives in a track
• A score has one or more tracks
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Scores and Timelines• Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data during the
course of a presentation or application– Time is represented along the x-axis– Tracks are represented along the y-axis
• The developer can move objects left and right to change the order of the information and can lengthen or shorten the bars to change their duration
5 seconds0 seconds 10 seconds 15 seconds
AnimationVoice over (narration)
Video
Background musicTrack 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
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Scores and Timelines
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Scripting Language Based Models
• Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages
– They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn
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Scripting Language Based Models
• Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object
– e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked
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Scripting Language Based Models
• Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages– They tend to have less features and are therefore
easier to learn
• Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object– e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image
move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked
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Object-oriented models• In an object-oriented model, everything that can be put in
an application is considered an object
• Every object has:– State - A description of its unique properties
• e.g. a graphic image’s state would describe its size, colour depth, author’s name, etc.
– Behaviour - The things that the object can do• e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound
• Icon and score-based models usually have object-oriented features also
• Objects are self contained and can be reused in later projects
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Microsoft PowerPoint
• PowerPoint is:– a “business graphics” package
– a slide-based multimedia tool
• Supports vector graphics, bitmappedimages, sound, video and hyperlinks
• Supports many slide transitions and animations (see right)
• Developers can script objects to make them display at specific times or events– The events are represented by a limited
number of presets
– and cannot be altered
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Macromedia Director• Director is a package with many features
– Sound and audio editing– Bitmap and vector graphics editing– Asset management
• Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score– The Cast are the media assets– The Stage is the screen or individual page– The Score is the sequence of events
• Director has its own programming language called Lingo which can be used to add new functionality
• Director is one of the most widely used PC tools
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Macromedia Director
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Macromedia Flash
• Flash is a tool for creating animated vector graphics and multimedia
• It uses a timeline and object-oriented model
• Has a very useful feature called tweening which can be used to create animations– You specify a start and end point and Flash calculates all the in-
between frames of the animation
• Flash is a popular format on websites.
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Macromedia Flash ScreenshotTracksTracksTracksTracks
TimelineTimelineTimelineTimeline
TweeningTweeningTweeningTweening
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Multimedia Programming Tools
• Programming tools differ from authoring tools in that they tend to be much lower level and require the developer to have more knowledge of the underlying hardware and programming language
• Programming tools give the developer access to much more functionality than authoring tools but require much more effort (and money!)
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Authoring versus Programming
Programming Language Authoring System
•Require programming skills•Difficult to use•Inexpensive•Low level program•Program run quickly •General Purpose Tool
•Designed for non-programmers•Easy to use•Expensive•High level program•Programs run slowly•Facilitates multimedia & instructional design