Lesson#8TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
(8:3–9:21)
1TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
AsJohnstoodbeforethethroneofGodthefiguresi3ngonthethrone
morphedinto“aLambthatseemedtohavebeenslain”(5:6),andthe
Lambwasholdingascroll,sealedDghtlywithsevenseals.Asinadream,
Johnweptandwept,forheunderstoodthatnoonewasworthytoopen
thescroll.Then,oneofthetwenty-foureldersseatedaroundthethroneof
GodcomfortedJohn,tellinghimthattheLamb—“thelionofthetribeof
Judah,therootofDavid”(5:5)—hastriumphed,andhewouldopenthe
scroll.
Thetwenty-foureldersthencriedoutasoneinpraise:“Worthyareyouto
receivethescrollandtobreakopentheseals”(5:9).
ThentheLambopenedthescroll...andwewitnessedtheresultsin
graphicdetail!
2TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“SevenTrumpets,”BambergerApocalypse(illuminatedmanuscript,MSA.II,fol.19v),c.1000.
BambergStateLibrary,Bamberg,Germany.
.
3TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Ifwethoughtthingswerebad
whenthesevensealswereopened
andunleashedthefourhorsemen
oftheApocalypse,blowingthe
seventrumpetsescalatesthe
dramaexponenDally,raisingittoa
cosmicplane,withthevery
heavensrainingdownfireupon
theearth!
Asweendthislessononlysix
trumpetshavesounded.
ThereissDllonemoretogo!
WeleVLesson#7withdeadsilenceforhalfanhour,thetensionrisingpalpablyas
sevenangelsstandpoisedtosoundseven
shinningtrumpets.
Thesequenceofseventrumpetsfollows
thesamepaZernasthesequenceof
sevenseals:
• Thefirstfourtrumpetsformaunifiedwhole,
asthefourhorsemenformedaunifiedwhole;
• ThefiVhandsixthtrumpetsaredifferentin
kind,asthefiVhandsixthsealsweredifferent
inkind;and
• Atwo-partinterludeseparatesthesixthfrom
theseventhtrumpet,asatwo-partinterlude
separatedthesixthfromtheseventhseal.
4TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
TheacDonsofthefourhorsemenmirror
theacDonstriggeredbysinfulmen:1)
enforcedpeace;2)all-outwar;3)famine;
and4)death.
Incontrast,thefirstfourtrumpetsmirror
thecataclysmicacDonsofnature:1)hail
andfire,mixedwithblood;2)alarge,
burningmountainishurledintothesea;
3)astarlikeaflamingtorchfallstoearth;
and4)thesun,moonandstarsgodark.
Movingfromthesevensealstotheseven
trumpetsescalatesthecatastrophesfrom
human-causedeventsontheearth’s
surfacetodivine-causedevents
pummelingtheearthfromabove.
NoDceagainthecascadingmovement
fromsealstotrumpetstobowls:
5TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
ThePreamble
TheSevenSeals
1. Whitehorse
2. Redhorse
3. Blackhorse
4. Palehorse
5. Soulsoftheslain
6. Earthquake
7. Silence
TheSevenTrumpets 1. Hailandfire,mixedwithblood
2. Hugemountainablaze
3. Blazingstar
4. Sun,moonandstarsturneddark
5. Star,fallentoearth
6. Fourangels,released
7. Templeinheaven,opened
TheSevenBowls 1. Uglyandpainfulsores
2. Bloodlikethatofadeadman
3. Riversandspringsturnedtoblood
4. Sun,scorchingpeoplewithfire
5. Satan’skingdomplungedintodarkness
6. EuphratesRiverdriedup
7. Massiveearthquake
6TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Anintroductoryscene,or
“overture,”precedesthe
movementfromdeadsilence
totheblastofthefirst
trumpet:
7TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
8TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“Another angel came and stood at the altar, holding a gold censer. He was given a great quantity of incense to offer, along with the prayers of all the holy ones, on the gold altar that was before the throne. The smoke of the incense along with the prayers of the holy ones went up before God from the hand of the angel. Then the angel took the censer, filled it with burning coals from the altar, and hurled it down to the earth. There were peals of thunder, rumblings, flashes of lightning, and an earthquake.” (8: 3-5)
“SevenTrumpetsandtheAngelwithCenser,”BambergerApocalypse(illuminatedmanuscript,MSA.II,fol.19v),c.1000.
BambergStateLibrary,Bamberg,Germany.
.
9TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Asthe“AltarofIncense”stoodinthe
HolyPlaceofIsrael’stabernacle,
flankedbytheMenorah(the“golden
candlesDck,”withitssevenbranches
andsevenflames)totheleV,andthe
TableofShowbread(withitsbread
andwine)totheright,alldirectly
beforetheArkoftheCovenantand
thepresenceofGodintheHolyof
Holies,sodoesagolden“Altarof
Incense”sitbeforeGodinthegenuine
tabernacle,whichisinheaven
(Hebrews8:1-5).
10TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Atthegenuine“AltarofIncense”an
angelapproacheswithagoldencenser,
filledwithincenseandtheprayersof
thefaithful,andheoffersitbeforeGod,
muchasZechariahofferedincense
beforetheLordattheTemplein
JerusalemattheopeningofLuke’s
gospel(1:8-10).
Here,though,inatotallyunexpected
move,theangelhurlsthecenserfilled
withburningcoalsdownuponthe
earth:lightningflashes,thunder
booms...andatremendous
earthquakestrikestheland!
11TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Notme.
TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
You’reso
insighnul!
Whatanoverture,operaDcinits
drama!Ican’thelpbutthink
thattheprayersarefromthe
martyrsbeneaththealtarin
the5thseal.
12
Italsocallstomindasimilarscenein
Ezekiel:
“ThenIlookedandthereabovethefirmamentovertheheadsofthecherubimwassomethingthatlookedlikeasapphire,somethingthatlookedlikeathrone.Andhesaidtothemandressedinlinen:‘Gowithinthewheelworkunderthecherubim;fillbothyourhandswithburningcoalsfromtheplaceamongthecherubim,thenscaPerthemoverthecity.’AsIwatched,heentered.”
(10:1-2)
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14TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“The seven angels who were holding the seven trumpets prepared to blow them. When the first one blew his trumpet, there came hail and fire mixed with blood, which was hurled down to the earth. A third of the land was burned up, along with a third of the trees and all green grass.”
(8: 6-7)
“FirstTrumpet,”BambergerApocalypse(illuminatedmanuscript,MSA.II,fol.20r),c.1000.
BambergStateLibrary,Bamberg,Germany.
.
15TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
InthegreattheophanyatMt.Sinai,Godcalls
Israeltothemountainwithaloudtrumpet
blast,whichincreasesinintensityandvolume
astheIsraelitesgather,terrifyingthem(Exodus
19:16-19).GodinstructsMosestomaketwo
silvertrumpetsfor“summoningthecommunityandinbreakingcamp”(Numbers10:2),aswell
asforsignalinginbaZle(Numbers31:6).And
JoshuawillbringdownthewallsofJericho,
accompaniedbytrumpetblasts(Joshua6:
4-20).
JesussaysthatattheendDme,God“willsendhisangelswithatrumpetblast,andtheywillgatherhiselectfromthefourwinds,fromoneendoftheheavenstotheother”(MaZhew24:
31).
So,thetrumpetssoundingnowherald
judgmentsonthe“inhabitantsoftheearth”
(8:13).
16TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Atthesoundofthefirsttrumpetcomes“hailandfiremixedwithblood”(8:7),anobviousallusiontothefirstandseventhplagues
broughtonEgypt,“blood”and“hailmixedwith
fire”(Exodus7:14-24;9:13-35).
OnlythisDmeitaffectsnotjustEgypt,butone
thirdoftheearth!
InScripture“thelifeofthefleshisintheblood”(LeviDcus17:11);thereverse,“thebloodofadeadman”isahorror,onewhichRevelaDoninvokeswhenanangelpoursout
thesecondbowl,andthesea“turnedtobloodlikethatofacorpse”(16:3).
Withtheblastofthefirsttrumpet,“hailand
firemixedwithblood”ishurleduponthe
earth.
17TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
JohnMarDn.TheSeventhPlague(oiloncanvas),1823.MuseumofFineArts,Boston.
.
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19TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“When the second angel blew his trumpet, something like a large burning mountain was hurled into the sea. A third of the sea turned to blood, a third of the creatures living in the sea died, and a third of the ships were wrecked.”
(8: 8-9)
“SecondTrumpet,”BeatusdeFacundus(illuminaDononparchment,MSVit.14.2,fol.166r),c.1047.
BibliotecaNaDonal,Madrid.
.
20TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Withthesecondtrumpetblast,“somethinglikealargeburningmountainwashurledintothesea”(8:8).Asaresult,athirdoftheseaturnedtoblood,anotherovertallusiontothe
firstplagueofExodus(thewatersoftheNile
Riverturnedtobloodandallthefishinthe
riverdied);inaddiDon,withthesecond
trumpetathirdofalltheshipsinthe
Mediterraneanarewrecked.
Theonlynaturaleventthatcouldparallelthis
disasterwouldbeahugemeteoritesmashing
intothesea.Althoughsmallmeteoritestrikes
arerelaDvelycommononearth,thelargest
impactistheVredefortcraterinSouthAfrica,
whichmeasures190milesacross,causedbyan
objectmeasuring9-12milesindiameter,an
asteroid,notameteor!
Ithappenedsome2billionyearsago.
21TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
VredefortCrater,SouthAfrica..
22TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
23TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“When the third angel blew his trumpet, a large star burning like a torch fell from the sky. It fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water. The star was called ‘Wormwood,’ and a third of all the water turned to wormwood. Many people died from this water, because it was made bitter.”
(8: 10-11)
“ThirdTrumpet,”BeatusdeFacundus(illuminaDononparchment,MSVit.14.2,fol.167r),c.1047.
BibliotecaNaDonal,Madrid.
.
24TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Withthethirdtrumpetblast,“alargestarburninglikeatorch”shotthroughtheheavensandstrucktheearth,affecDngtheriversand
springs.Asthesecondtrumpetblastturneda
thirdoftheseatoblood,sothethirdtrumpet
blastpoisonsathirdofthedrinkingwater,
turningitto“wormwood,”biZer.
Similartothesecond,thethirdnaturaldisaster
seemstobeameteorite,flamingthroughthe
sky.Somecommentatorstakethefallingstar
tobeBabylon,drawingonIsaiah14:12(“Howyouhavefallenfromtheheavens,OMorningStar”),andothersonSatanandthefallenangelsofRevelaDon12:9(“Thehugedragon,theancientserpent,whoiscalledtheDevilorSatan,whodeceivedthewholeworld,wasthrowndowntoearth,anditsangelswerethrowndownwithit”).
25TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Notme.
TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Goodpoint!
RevelaDon12isaflashback,givingusthe
“backstory”ofRevelaDon,andIsaiah
couldbeapossibleallusion,butthefour
trumpetsarenaturaldisasters,not
poliDcalorreligiousones.IthinkIsaiah
andRevelaDonareastretch.
26
27TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“When the fourth angel blew his trumpet, a third of the sun, a third of the moon, and a third of the stars were struck, so that a third of them became dark. The day lost its light for a third of the time, as did the night.”
(8: 12)
“FourthTrumpet,”BeatusEscorial(illuminaDononparchment,MsII.5.fol.94v),c.950-955.
RoyalLibraryofSanLorenzodeElEscorial,Madrid.
.
28TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Obviously,thedayturningtonightrecallsthe
ninthplagueonEgypt,theplagueofdarkness
“sothickitcouldbefelt”(Exodus10:21-29),as
wellasJesussayingintheOlivetDiscourse:
“thesunwillbedarkened,andthemoonwillnotgiveitslight,andthestarswillfallfromthesky,andthepowersoftheheavenswillbeshaken.”
(MaZhew24:29)
Butwhatcouldcausesuchaphenomenon?
RecallourintroducDontoRevelaDon,whenwe
examineditshistoricalandculturalcontext:
Mt.VesuviuseruptedinA.D.79,blankeDnga
largeporDonoftheMediterraneanwith
volcanicash,doubtlessblo3ngouttheskyand
turningthedayintonight.
29TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Infact,PlinytheYounger,aneyewitnesstothe
erupDonfromacrosstheBayofNaples,notes:
“Thoughitwasnowmorning,thelightwasexceedinglyfaintanddoub[ul;thebuildingsallaroundustoPered...wethereforeresolvedtoquitthetown.Apanic-strickencrowdfollowedus....Beingataconvenientdistancefromthehouses,westoods^ll,inthemidstofamostdangerousanddreadfulscene...Ontheotherside[ofthebay],ablackanddreadfulcloud,brokenwithrapidzigzagflashes,behinditvariouslyshapedmassesofflame;thesewerelikesheet-lightning,butmuchlarger....Soona`erwards,thecloudbegantodescend,andcoverthesea...adensedarkmistseemedtobefollowingus,spreadingitselfoverthecountrylikeacloud.”
(“LeZer66,”toCorneliusTacitus)
ThiswouldhavebeenaveryrecenteventforJohn’saudience.
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31TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“Then I looked again and heard an eagle flying high overhead cry out in a loud voice, ‘Woe! Woe! Woe to the inhabitants of the earth from the rest of the trumpet blasts that the three angels are about to blow!’”
(8: 13)
“TheEagle,”BeatusdeFacundus(illuminaDononparchment,MSVit.14.2,fol.168r),c.1047.
BibliotecaNaDonal,Madrid.
.
32TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
ThisisahaunDng,nightmarishvision,abirdof
preycirclingandcryingoutinaloudvoice:
“ou∆aiv,ou∆aiv, ou∆aiv”[oo-eye,’oo-eye,’oo-eye’];“Woe!Woe!Woe!”
Remember,thesealsandthetrumpetsare
preludestojudgment,notjudgments
themselves;theyfuncDonmoreasdire
warnings,warningsthatarecompletelyignored
byhumanity,whoconDnuesdownthesame
worn,twistedpathtoperdiDon.
BytheDmethesevensealsareopenedandthe
seventrumpetsblown,klaxonsareblaring,
sirenswailing,yethumanityremainsdeafand
defiant.
Whenthesevenbowlsarepouredout,total
destrucDonwillfollow.
33TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Wenowfacethefinalthreetrumpets—
thethree“Woes!—“ou ∆aiv,ou∆aiv, ou∆aiv”—uZeredbythescreechingbird
ofprey.
Thebirdisanajetovß [eye-ee-toss’].MosttranslaDonsrendertheword
“eagle,”butitmightalsobea
“vulture.”Sinceeaglesdonoteat
carrion,thisisprobablywhatitis.
WhenthedustseZlesaVerthe
climacDcbaZleofArmageddon,with
slaughteredcorpsesstackedhigh,we
readthat“allthebirdsgorgedthemselvesontheirflesh”(19:21).
Irdi
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35TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“Then the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky to the earth. It was given the key for the passage to the abyss. It opened the passage to the abyss, and smoke came up out of the passage like smoke from a huge furnace. The sun and the air were darkened by the smoke from the passage. Locusts came out of the smoke onto the land, and they were given the same power as scorpions of the earth. They were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any plant or any tree, but only those people who did not have the seal of God on their foreheads. They were not allowed to kill them but only to torment them for five months; the torment they inflicted was like that of a scorpion when it stings a person. During that time these people will seek death but will not find it, and they will long to die but death will escape them.”
(9: 1-6)
“FiVhTrumpet,”ValladolidBeatus(illuminaDononparchment,MS433,fol.120r),c.970.
BibliotecadelaUniversidad,Valladolid,Spain.
.
36TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
• BlowingthefiVhtrumpet—thefirstou∆aiv—launchesthemostterrifyingimageryinallof
Scripture,anightmarishcollageofgrotesque,
hideousmonsterswithwingswhirring,teeth
snapping,tailssDnging.Inthedarkofnightwe
feelthewhisperofhot,rancidbreathattheback
ofournecks.John’svisionsnapsfromTechnicolor
toImax®3d;fromstereotoDolby®
Surroundsound;fromfascinaDoninthegrotesque
toall-out,heart-stoppingterror.Westruggleto
breathe.
• Astarfallsfromthesky(theimagerecallsJesus
saying,“IhaveobservedSatanfalllikelightningfromthesky”inLuke10:18),andwithasetofkeysSatanopenstheshaVtothea”bussoß [ah’-boo-sauce],the“abyss.”Rustyhingesscreechand
groan,andastheheavylidopens,smoke,heat
andahorriblestenchbelchesforth,andlocusts
andscorpionsbythemillionsswarmout.
37TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
The“Deathstalker”scorpion,only2incheslongandnearlytransparent,isoneofthemost
deadlyscorpionsintheworld.It’ssDnginflictsexcruciaDngpain,leadingtotachycardia,
skyrockeDngbloodpressure,convulsions,coma...andoVendeath.Deathstalkers(Leiurusquinquestriatus)arecommonthroughoutIsraelandtheMiddleEast.
Ifyou‘restungbyoneandsurvive,youwillneverforgettheexperience!
38TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
39TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
40TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“The appearance of the locusts was like that of horses ready for battle. On their heads they wore what looked like crowns of gold; their faces were like human faces, and they had hair like women’s hair. Their teeth were like lions’ teeth, and they had chests like iron breastplates. The sound of their wings was like the sound of many horse-drawn chariots racing into battle. They had tails like scorpions, with stingers; with their tails they had power to harm people for five months. They had as their king the angel of the abyss, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon and in Greek Apollyon.
The first woe has passed, but there are two more.”
(9: 7-12)
• Intheeighthplague,locustsaZackedEgypt:“Theycoveredthesurfaceofthewholeland,sothatitbecameblack.Theyateupallthevegeta^oninthelandandallthefruitofthetreesthehailhadspared.NothinggreenwasletonanytreeorplantinthefieldsthroughoutthelandofEgypt”(Exodus10:15).
• LocustsaZackIsrael,aswell,inJoel:“BlowthehorninZion,
soundthealarmonmyholymountain!Lettheinhabitantsofthelandtremble,
forthedayoftheLordiscoming!...Nothinglikeithaseverhappenedinagespast,
norwillthefutureholdanythinglikeit,eventothemostdistantgenera^on.”
(2:1-2)
Avastarmyoflocustsswarmstheland,stripping
treesbareanddevouringeverybladeofgrass.
41TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
• ButthelocustsinRevelaDonarelikelocustsonsteroids,massivecreatures,
geneDcally-engineeredmonsters,as
largeashorses,withhumanfaces,
women’shair,lions’teethandiron
breastplates;theirtailshavemassive
sDngersandtheirwingswhirlwith
thunderoussound.
• Atthecomingofthesecreatures
John’saudiencemightreactaswe
mighttoafully-armedbaZalionof
M1A2AbramsBaZleTanksrumbling
downthefrontstreet;asquadronof
F-22Raptorsscreechingoverhead;or
theskyblackenedwithAH-65Apache
AZackHelicopters,bristlingwith
hellfiremissilesandM230automaDc
canons.
42TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
AH-64DApacheLongBowAPackHelicopter.
Thesecreatures—thedemonic
scorpionsandlocusts,swarming
likeverminoutoftheabyss—are
commandedby“theangeloftheabyss,whosenameinHebrew[actually,Aramaic]isAbaddon[Ajbaddwvn,“DestrucDon”]andinGreekApollyon[Ajpolluvwn,“Destroyer”].
ThecommanderisSatanhimself!
43TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
44TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“Then the sixth angel blew his trumpet, and I heard a voice coming from the [four] horns of the gold altar before God, telling the sixth angel who held the trumpet, ‘Release the four angels who are bound at the banks of the great river Euphrates. So the four angels were released, who were prepared for this hour, day, month, and year to kill a third of the human race. The number of cavalry troops was two hundred million: I heard their number.” (9: 13-16)
“SixthTrumpet,”BeatusdeFacundus(illuminaDononparchment,MSVit.14.2,fol.173r),c.1047.
BibliotecaNaDonal,Madrid.
.
45TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
• Thevoicefromthehornsofthegoldenaltar
belongstotheangelwhopresentedtheprayersof
the“holyones”in8:3-5,andwhothenhurledthe
censer’sburningcoalsdownupontheearth,
accompaniedby“pealsofthunder,rumblings,
flashesoflightningandanearthquake”(8:5).
• Thesixthtrumpetunshacklesfourangelsatthe
banksoftheEuphratesRiver,whoreceiveorders
to“killathirdofthehumanrace”(9:15).
• Perhapsthefourarefallenangels,sincetheywere“boundatthebanksofthe[river]”(9:14).
• ToJohn’saudience,nothinggoodcomesfromthe
EuphratesRiver:Assyrian,BabylonianandPersian
invadersallcamefromthatdirecDon,wreaking
havoc,andtheEuphratesisthefareastern
boundaryoftheRomanEmpire,beyondwhich
livedthefearedParthians.
46TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
• Thesixthtrumpetmarksthefinalwarningina
seriesofescalaDngdisasters:1)thesevenseals
embodyhumanacDons,witheachacDon
escalaDnginseverity;2)theseventrumpets
embodynaturalorsupernaturalacDons,each
escalaDnginseverity.Now,fourfallenangels
(REALLYbadguys!),accompaniedby200millioncavalry[iÔppikovß,hippi-kos’],theshocktroopsoftheancientworld,setouttokillonethirdof
humanity!
• 200milliontroopsisahugenumber,hyperbole
suggesDnganenormousslaughter.TheGreek
wordisdismuriavß [dis-mu-ree-ahs’];itisthe
largestnumberintheGreeklanguage,murivoß =10,000,mulDpliedbyitself,andthendoubled!
47TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
Notme.
TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
I’mdefinitelygoingto
hideunderthebed
now!
ItlookslikeGodisunleashing
overwhelmingforceinalast-
ditchefforttobringsinful
humanitytoitssenses.Thisis
“severemercy,”indeed!
48
49TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“Now in my vision this is how I saw the horses and their riders. They wore red, blue, and yellow breastplates, and the horses’ heads were like heads of lions, and out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and sulfur. By these three plagues of fire, smoke, and sulfur that came out of their mouths a third of the human race was killed. For the power of the horses is in their mouths and in their tails; for their tails are like snakes, with heads that inflict them.” (9: 17-19)
Theseareindeeddemoniccreatures,
breathingfire,smokeandsulfur,images
foreverassociatedwithhell.Thesefire-
breathingmonsterswithheadslikelionsand
tailslikesnakesresemblethemythological
Chimaera,firstdescribedbyHomerinhisIliad.
Inthestory,Proetus’wifeAntealustsaVerthe
youngandhandsomeBellerophon,andwhen
ProetusfindsouthesendsBellerophonto
Lycia,witha“secretmessage”forthekingof
Lycia,suretogethimkilled.AVerdining
together,thekingsendsBellerophonona
suicidemissiontokilltheChimaera,a“grimmonstersprungofthegods,nothinghuman,alllioninfront,allsnakebehind,allgoatbetween,terrible,blas^nglethalfireateverybreath!”(Iliad6,209-215).
Thankfully,Bellerophonsucceeds,killingthe
beast...butthey’rebackinRevelaDon!
50TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
ChimaeraofArezzo(bronze),c.400B.C.NaDonalArchaeologicalMuseum,Florence.
51TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
“The rest of the human race, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, to give up the worship of demons and idols made from gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood, which cannot see or hear or walk. Nor did they repent of their murders, their magic potions, their unchastity, or their robberies.” (9: 20-21)
Withathirdofhumanity
killed,thesurvivorsbecome
evenmoreintransient.Like
PharaohinEgypt,witheach
disaster,theyhardentheir
heartsevenmore.
Andthat’saverysad
commentaryonthehuman
condiDon,resulDngin
consequencesthatare
inevitable,aswe’llseeinthe
nextlesson.
52TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
.
1. Howdotheseventrumpetsdifferfromtheseven
seals?
2. WhatliteraryfuncDondoesthe“overture”tothe
seventrumpets(8:3-5)serve?
3. Whyisthestarthatfelltoearthwiththethirdtrumpet
called“Wormwood”?
4. WhatinJohn’sdaymightserveastheantecedentfor
thesun,moonandstarsbeingbloZedoutwiththe
blastofthethirdtrumpet?
5. Howdothefirstfourtrumpetsdifferfromthelast
three,the“Woes”?
53TheSevenTrumpets,Part1
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54TheSevenTrumpets,Part1