A BRIEF NOTE ON PLANTS OF MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE TO
LIVESTOCK
Dr.Sunilchandra.UAssistant Professor
Dept. Pharmacology & ToxicologyVeterinary College,KVAFSU,Bidar-585
401
TYPES OF THERAPY: Conv/Alternative INTRODUCTION : CLASSIFICATION, PARTS
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES
COMMON VETERINARY MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THERAPEUTIC EFFCETS
CONCLUSION
Basic Terminology
Alternative medicine refers to treatments or therapies that are outside accepted conventional medicine
Complementary medicine refers to the use of alternative therapies with or in addition to conventional treatment
Types of Alternativeand Complementary Medicine
Veterinary acupuncture and acutherapy Veterinary chiropractic
Examination, diagnosis, and treatment of animals through manipulation and adjustments
Veterinary physical therapy Use of noninvasive techniques for rehabilitation
Veterinary homeopathy Treatment by administration of substances that are
capable of producing clinical signs in healthy animals
Types of Alternativeand Complementary Medicine
Veterinary botanical medicine Uses plants and plant derivatives as
therapeutic agents Nutraceutical medicine
Uses micronutrients, macronutrients, and other nutritional supplements as therapeutic agents
Holistic veterinary medicine Comprehensive approach to health care -
both alternative and conventional diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches
Herbal Supplements Herbal supplements are one of the fastest
growing segments of the dietary supplement market One reason may be the desire for a more holistic
approach to health care people believe conventional treatments have real or
perceived limitations natural products do not have side effects Herbs have been used for a long time Advertising methods
IntroductionPlants Utilized by man to meet his daily requirements
plus health care.
Plants(parts) , plant extracts or plant-derived pure chemicals
Active principles: for medicinal properties- Vegetable bases, Alkaloids, Glucosides, Saponins,
Proteins,Resins, Flavonoids, Tannins etc.
Different plant parts as drugs
Bark Root/Rhizome Bulb Leaf Flower and Flowering bud Fruit Seeds Whole plant/ Aerial Part Drugs
Classification First generation phytomedicines simple botanicals employed in crude form based on
empirical evidence of their clinical application by traditional societies from different parts of the world.
Second-generation pure molecules,more pharmacologically active than their
synthetic counterparts. Eg: quinine from Cinchona, reserpine from Rauwolfia, taxol from Taxus species.
Third Generationclinical evaluation of the treatment modalities and therapy as
administered by traditional doctors or as used by the community as folk medicine. This is then followed by acute and chronic toxicity studies in animals.
Considerations
Not commonly used in eye and ear infections as well as in endo-and ectoparasitoses
Often used in diseases of the liver, joints, kidneys, heart and skin.
More frequently applied in chronic diseases as well as secondary medication, whereas the time of treatment usually exceeds one month. .
Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages cheaper, less side effects acceptance minimal drug residue drug resistance problems suitable for skin diseases, worms, wounds, reproductive
disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and mild diarrhoea
Disadvantages Acceptance lack of wide information. less suitable to control epidemic and endemic infectious
diseases, acute life-threatening bacterial infections. May not be as fast-working,potent as allopathic in some
cases.
COMMON PLANTS WITH VETERINARY THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE
Acacia catechu Catechu (Kachu,kadira)
the extract-catechu passive diarrhoea
either alone, or in combination with cinnamon
Astringent Antimicrobial
Acacia senegal Gum Acacia, Gum Arabic Tree, or Gum Senegal Tree. Acacia, Hirijali
The gum-for soothing m.m of the intestine, inflamed skin
Burn,epistaxis
Antinflammatory
Aegle marmelos Bengal quince, stone apple (Bela, bilva)
The fruit Antidiarrhoeal Antibacterial Antimycotic Maggot wound
Allium sativum (Garlic, bellulli)
Bacteriostatic Antibacterial Antiviral antifungal activity. Antihyperlipedemic Digestive
Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis true aloe or medicinal aloe, (lole rasa)
The extracts soothing, moisturizing healing Purgative Sunheat burns Radiation Dermatitis
Alpinia galanga (galangal, greater galangal (Thai galangal)blue ginger or Thai ginger. Kulinjana, Gandhamula)
The rhizome weak antimalarial activity in mice
Carminative Bronchial stimulant Antirheumatic
Andrographis paniculata (green chiretta , Kirayat, Kiratha kaddi,Nelamevu,kala megha)
o The plant extract o Bronchitiso Diarrhoeao Dermatitis
o Hepatoprotective
Anethum sowa Dill(sabbaki)
Carminative Diuretic
Annona squamosa, Annona reticulata. (Sugar apple, Custard apple, seethaphala)
ruits Insecticidal Spasmogenic Oxytocic Antiseptic Antinematodal
Antidesama menasu (Kadivala soppu,Kurala soppu)
fruits, leaves Antiinflammatory Diuretic Scabies
Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari, Shatamull, hatamuli, jattige beru, narayani)
Roots. Leaves Adaptogen Galactogogue Antispasmodic Nervine tonic Antibacterial Threatened abortion
Azadirachta indica (Neem, Bevu , Kahi Bevu)
Seeds- natural alternative to synthetic pesticides.
Leaves, shoot, fruits Antiviral, Antifungal Larvicidal Anticancer Antiandrogenic
Berberis aristata (Indian Barberry or Tree Turmeric Bagisutra,Kadumandara)
The root bark Dermatitis Dysentry Anticancer Conjunctivitis Diuretic Laxative Jaundice
The leaves Antibacterial Expectorant Diuretic Styptic Anti convulsant Hepatoprotective
Boerhaavia diffusa (tar vine, punarnava, Hog weed Komme gida, Gana Jali, Thoppalu)
Capsicum frutescens (Chilli pepper, Menasinakai)
Carminative Counter irritant Rubefacient
Cassia alata (Candle Bush, Empress Candle Plant, Ringworm Tree or "candletree" Aanethajanku, aane chagthe)
The leaves, flowers Pruritus Antibacterial Antifungal; Dermatitis Warts Wound
Eclipta prostrataFalse Daisy , yerba de tago, and bhringraj, Aja gara, gurugada soppu
Styptic postpartum uterine
pain bronchitis Antiviral hepatoprotective
Centella asiatica Brahmi (saraswathisoppu,timare)
Adaptogen Antirhuematic Antispasmodic Antiseptic-bact, viral Sedative Nervine tonic Memory enhancer
Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree (karpura)
Powders Rubefacient Expectorant Antiseptic
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Cinnamon (dalchinni)
Carminative Styptic Antifungal
Citrullus colocynthis colocynth, bitter apple, bitter cucumber, egusi (Doddahale)
Fruits, seeds Purgative Abnormal foetal
presentation
Citrus aurantfolia (Key lime , Nimbu, cherunarangi)
Antibacterial Expectorant Dermatitis
Clerodendrum serratum (glorybower, bagflower,Kari tekki, Gantu barangi)
Leaves, fruits Sedative Analgesic Antihistaminic
Coleus ambainicus (Indian Borage, Sambrani ele, Doddapatre, Karpuravalli)
Leaevs Flavouring, Antibacterial Carminative Expectorant Itching, Dermatitis Antiasthma
Coriander sativum (coriander, Kottambari)
Leaves, fruit, root Antioxidants Carminative Antibacterial
Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin,Kumbala, Boodukumbala)
Fruit, leaves Postpartum uterine
bleeding Taenicide Fungicidal
Cuminum cyminum (Cummin, Jeerige)
Seeds, leaves Antibacterial Carminative spasmolytic
Curcuma amada ((mango ginger , Karpura arishina, Mavu Shunti)
Rhizome Antipyretic Laxative Carminative Dermatitis Contusion Sprain
Curcuma longa Turmeric Haridra, haldar or haldi (Arasina)
Antiinflammatory Antibacterial Antiviral Antiprotozoal Antioxidant Hepatoprotective Bioenhancer
Ficus hispida (fig tree, figs, Adavipatti)
Bark, seeds Epistaxis Expectorant Emetic Drying milk
Ficus racemosa (Cluster Fig Tree or Goolar (Gular) Fig, Attimara, Kollakitu)
Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Antidiarrhoeal Threatened abortion Hemoptysis
Gardenia resinefera (Kunte, Dikka mali)
Leaves, flowers Antiseptic Astringent Antirheumatic Hepatoprotective
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice/licorice/ jeshtamadhu)
Root, Barks, extracts Antinflammatory Expectorant Antiarthritc Purgative Diuretic
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese hibiscus, China rose and shoe flower,
Oestrogenic Hemostatic Anodyne Expulsion of placenta Constipation Pruritus Spsmolytic
Leucas aspera (Thumbe)
Leaves-Scabies Antipyretic Insecticidal
Mentha arvensis Field Mint (Pudina), Wild Mint or Corn Mint
Leaves, flowers Counterirritant Antipruritic Flavouring
Myristica fragrans Nutmeg (Pathre,jayikayi)
Carminative Flavoring
Ocimum sanctum tulsi, tulasī, or Holy Basil
Antibacterial Antiprotozoal Expectorant Carminative Immunostimulant Antiulcerogenic Insecticidal
Phyllanthus emblica Indian gooseberry, or aamla,
Leaves Fruits Antiviral Expectorant Carminative Hepatoprotective
Picrorrhiza kurroa (Black hellebore, black kutki, kali, kali kutki, kali-kutki, karru, katki, kaur, kuru, kuruwa, kutaki, kutki, Katuka, katukarohini,)
Roots Stomachic Cholagogue Febrifuge Tonic Hepatoprotective
Pimpinella anisum (aniseed ,Kadu oma, kadu sompu)
Seeds Colic Carminative
Piper cubeba tailed pepper,
Leaves Urinary antiseptic Flavouring Cough
Piper longum Pippali, Indian long pepper ,Hippali,thippali
Carminative Sedative Purgative Cough Bioenhancer
Piper nigrum (Pepper, Kalumenasu, karimenasu)
Carminative Antiseptic Rubefacient Sialogogue Abortive
Plantago ovata (Isapgol, isagolu)
psyllium seed husks Bulk Laxative
Pongamia pinnata (Indian Beech, Pongam, Karanj Honge mara)
Dermatitis Mange Antibacterial Laxative
Flower, leaves Fruits Expectorant Astringent
Prunus serotina (black cherry,Wild cheery bark ,cheery hannu)
Putranjiva roxburghhi (Amani, Kalada mani, Putranjeeva)
Diuretic Laxative Refrigerant
Saraca asoka (Asoka)
Astringent Tocolytic Scabies
Sida cordifolia bala, country mallow, heart-leaf sida or flannel weed
Leaves Antiinflammatory Demulcents Tenesmus Colic
Syzygium aromaticum ( clove, lavanga)
Carminative Antiseptic Rubefacient Diuretic Febrifuge Gum and teeth
strengthner
Astringent Antibacterial Dermatitis Gum and teeth
strengthener
Syzygium cumini Jambul , java plum, jamun, jamblang, jambolan, black plum, Damson plum
Antibacterial Diuretic Liverstimulant Antipyretic Dermatitis
Tephrosia purpurea
(Koggili, Vajradanti, Vajranili)
Terminalia bellirica Beleric, bastard myrobalan, ,Thouri, tare vriksha)
seeds Leaves Antimalarial Purgative Antimycotic Anodyne Laxative
Terminalia chebula (Black Myrobalan ,Alale kaayi, arale kaayi, hari taki)
Expectorant Anodyne Hepatoprotective Dermatitis Laxative Nervine tonic
Terminalis arjuna (Arjuna tree ,Bilimathi)
Astringent Febrifuge
Tinospora cordifolia (Amruta Balli, Madhu parni)
Leaves, flowers, fruit Spasmolytic Antirheumatic Diuretic Antiinflammatory Urolitholytic
Expectorant Dermatitis
Urginea maritima sea squill, red squill, sea onion, ein sit, and ada sogani. ,Adaviyerulli)
Woodfordia fruiticosa (Dhataki, arethamrapusti)
Antibacterial Antifungal Uterine sedative Hepatoprotective
Zingiber officinale (Ginger, Shunti)
Carminative Antiemetic
Zizyphus mauritiana (Elachi, badari, challe)
Purgative Styptic Colic Antipyretic Stomatitis Wound
Aromatherapy: volatile essential oils to achieve a physical
or psychological response. by diffusion or nebulisation, with massage
or by topical application and rarely , orally. ready absorption through the nasal micosa
or skin.herbal therapy also makes use of whole plant derivatives
Aromatherapy
concentrated and powerful medicines, which must be used with care and understanding.
As some may cause abortion in pregnant animals and use in food-producing animals can result in ‘tainted’ food products from those animals.
Cedar
Cedrus atlantica
Expectorant, antiseptic, antifungal,insect repellant
Cinnamon
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Dermatophytes, dental antiseptic, antimicrobial
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus
Antiseptic, decongestant, expectorant(upper respiratory tract infections), urinary antiseptic
Thyme
Thymus vulgaris
Antimicrobial, fungicidal, pneumonia, gastroenteritis
Turmeric Curcuma longa Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,Chronic
ulcers, scabies,
Peppermint Mentha piperita Carminative, antispasmodic, bronchitis,
antitussive, mild antibacterial
Evening primrose
Oenothera biennis
Astringent, sedative, spasmodic, atopic eczema.
Conclusion No detailed documented study in livestock
medicine No recorded fixed dose schedule Ethnoveterinary practices…..?
Extensive research exclusive to Animal health Regionwise classification and categorisation of
medicinal plants with proven therapeutic utility in animals for life threatening conditions