African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses
Afrikanske Monsun: Multidisiplinære Analyser
Afrikaanse Moesson Multidisciplinaire Analyse
Analisi Multidisciplinare per il Monsone Africano
Afrikanischer Monsun: Multidisziplinäre Analysen Analisis Multidiciplinar de los Monzones Africanos
Analyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson Africaine
AEJ
Cold Tongue
SAL
ITCZ
Heat Low
Key features of the West African Monsoon Climate System during Boreal summer
The WAM is an ideal natural laboratory for exploring the coupled atmosphere-land-ocean system
AMMA is definitively International
Endorsed by Major International Programmes
More than 500 Researchers from around 30 countries in Africa, Europe & USA Algeria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cap Verde, Chad, Congo, Denmark, France, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Ivory Coast, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, Togo, UK, US
Collaboration with other international Programmes as:
WMO
1. AMMA International
(1) To improve our understanding of the WAM and its influence on thephysical, chemical & biological environment regionally and globally.
(2) To provide the underpinning science that relates variability of the WAM toissues of health, water resources, food security & demography for West African nations and defining and implementing relevant monitoring &prediction strategies.
(3) To ensure that the multidisciplinary research carried out in AMMA is
effectively integrated with prediction & decision making activity.
AIMS
ISSCISSC
IGBIGB
Produces the Science & Implementation Plans
Endorses the Science & Implementation Plans
Links with International Programmes (WCRP, IGBP, THORPEX, ..)
ST4ST4 Capacity Capacity building building & & trainingtraining
WG1WG1
WG2WG2
WG3WG3
WG4WG4
WG5WG5
WAM & global climate (incl aerosol/chemistry
Water cycle
Land surface-atmosphere- ocean feedbacks
Prediction of climate impacts
High impact weather prediction
Integrative ScienceIntegrative Science
POPO
TT1TT1Radio soundingsRadio soundings
TT2aTT2aSurface LayerSurface Layer
TT3TT3Gourma siteGourma site
TT4TT4Niamey siteNiamey site
TT5TT5Ouémé siteOuémé site
TT6TT6Oceaic campaignsOceaic campaigns
TT7TT7SOP-Dry seasonSOP-Dry season
TT8TT8SOP-Monsoon seasonSOP-Monsoon season
TT9TT9SOP-DownstreamSOP-Downstream
ST2 incl
AO
C
ST3 D
atabase
ST1 E
OP
/LO
P
Obs implementationObs implementation
ICIGICIG
TT2bTT2bAerosol & Radiation Aerosol & Radiation
AMMA National & PanScientific Committees
ARMARM
WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate
This WG is concerned with the 2-way interactions between the West African
Monsoon & the rest of the globe.
Research areas under this theme include:
(i) Variability and predictability of the WAM (nature and role of teleconnections,
intraseasonal variability including easterly waves, predictability issues and the role
of the ocean, detection of global change),
(ii) Monsoon processes (e.g. scale interactions, the seasonal cycle and monsoon onset),
(iii) Global impacts of the WAM (e.g. on tropical cyclones, aerosol variability, atmospheric chemistry).
n.b. includes aerosol-chemistry, modeling strategy evolving
Co-chairs: Arona Diedhiou (IRD, Niger), Serge Janicot (LOCEAN, France) Peter Lamb (Univ. Oklahoma, US)
WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate
Dominant pattern of precipitation errorassociated with dominant pattern of SST prediction error based on persistent SST anomalies (Goddard & Mason ,Climate Dynamics, 2002)
Coupled model systematic error in equatorial SST simulation – note systematic error in east-west gradient in the tropical Atlantic
10 years of observation and research
Monsoon Phases 0 1 0
September
<----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------->
AMMA SOPs
SO
P0_
a1
SO
P0_
a2
SO
P2_
a2
SO
P1_
a
3
October November DecemberJune July August
AMMA SOP Year: 2006
2
January March April MayFebruary
SOP1
<---- SOP Ground instruments remaining on site for the whole annual cycle (AMF, Aerosol Measurements, Lidars, …) ----->
<----------------->
SO
P3_
a1
SOP3<------->
SO
P2_
a3
SO
P2_
a1
SOP0 SOP2
103
EEnhanced Period (EOP)
ong term Observations (LOP)
2002
WA + Ocean
Meso
Regional
Local
2005 2006 2007 2008
103
101
102
104
0 DR
Y0 W
ET
S O P
SO
P0
_a3
?
>>The US contribution to AMMA data collection is significant, about $14M.
>>In addition, there are US contributions to AMMA from NCEP as well as individual PIs funded for analytical work on the WAM.
>>Recognizing this large investment by U.S. funding agencies a U.S. AMMA workshop was convened with the following aims: (1) provide an overview of the national and international AMMA project including planned research and field observations, (2) discuss and identify the key science issues that interest US PIs in the context of AMMA, (3) define coordinated actions for US contributions to AMMA
Surface-based research radars
Climate Transect
NASA-AMMA
Targeted Missions with DC-8, + Ground-based obs. (N-Pol + TOGA radars, soundings)
SALEX: NOAA P3 and G-IV
Targeted Missions and Dropsonde flights with G-IV
ARM mobile facility (DOE)
MIT-radar (NASA)
Surface obs. – malaria studies (NOAA)Driftsonde/THORPEX (NCAR/NSF/NOAA + CNES, France)
Ronald H. Brown Cruises + ship-based obs (NOAA), supported by multi-year sustained obs (see next slide)
US contributions to AMMA field program in 06
US-GCOS: Hydrogen generator at Dakar
ZEUS lightning detection network?
Long-term observations in the tropical Atlantic
Key Science Issues for WG1: West African Monsoon and Climate Monsoon processes, >The role of SSTs on the evolution of the WAM >The southern hemisphere tropical stratus deck and the WAM >> Scale interactions (e.g., weather/jet interactions and the WAM) >Diabatic heating profiles and their impact on WAM circulations. Variability and Predictability of the WAM, > >Mechanisms that force SST variability >Variability of mesoscale and synoptic weather systems and their relationship with the large-scale environment; >Proxies for rainfall to extend the observational record. Offshore impacts of the WAM, >Impacts of variability of the WAM (e.g., linked to shear, SAL, weather systems) on variability of tropical cyclone activity. (i
Aerosol/Radiation issues
Relative roles of local biomass burning and transport of plumes from other parts of the region on the radiation budget.
Quantify the extent aerosol experiences wet deposition and affects the chemical composition of the rainwater.
Respective roles of dust and biomass burning in modulating the radiation heating profile over West Africa (and how this impacts the WAM).
A key cross-cutting activity that falls under the auspices of WG1 is the US-led West African Monsoon Model Evaluation (WAMME) project. This is a CEOP/CIMS modeling initiative led by Yongkang Xue, Kerry Cook and Bill Lau and is concerned with evaluating models in the WAM region.
3.1 AMMA US Science TeamRecognizing the significant US role in the AMMA field campaign and the keen interest of many US PIs in AMMA Science (79 people attended this workshop), an AMMA Science team built around funded contributions to the five international WGs and including an emphasis on the cross-cutting themes (Modeling of the coupled WAM system and Climate impacts) was formed.
The AMMA Science Team will be coordinated by an excutive committee that consists of : Kerry Cook, Jason Dunion, Fatih Eltahir, Greg Jenkins, Paul Houser, Arlene Laing, Peter Lamb, Erica Key, Bob Molinari, Chris Thorncroft, Sylwia Trzaska.
ADVANTAGES TO U.S. AMMA PROGRAM BECOMING A U.S. CLIVAR PROPOSED ACTIVITY
(1) Access to PSMIP activities directed at improving models(2) Access to other process study PI’s to learn from their
experiences in data analyses, modeling, modeler-data collector interactions, etc.
(3) Advice from PMSIP on adequacy of U.S. AMMA planning and implementation
(4) Assist U.S. CLIVAR in coordination efforts with similar national and international studies
(5) Benefit from PMSIP interactions with in situ and satellite observations communities
CONVERSELY, U.S. CLIVAR WILL BENEFIT FROM AMMA EFFORTS DIRECTED AT PMSIP GOALS