A NATION DIVIDEDA NATION DIVIDED
CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3
VOCABULARYVOCABULARY
THE NEW LEFTTHE NEW LEFT STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC
SOCIETY (S.D.S.)SOCIETY (S.D.S.) FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.)FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.) DOVESDOVES HAWKSHAWKS
IMPORTANT DATESIMPORTANT DATES
1959: SDS FOUNDED1959: SDS FOUNDED 1964: FSM FOUNDED1964: FSM FOUNDED 1967: 1967:
ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON WASHINGTONWASHINGTON
McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS RESIGNATIONRESIGNATION
Quiz 30.3Quiz 30.3 All American males ages 18-26 had to All American males ages 18-26 had to
register for the______________.register for the______________. Name two ways people tried to get out of Name two ways people tried to get out of
the draft?the draft? S.D.S.- What does it stand forS.D.S.- What does it stand for Most American soldiers in Vietnam Most American soldiers in Vietnam
were____________.(SES)were____________.(SES) Define Dove and Hawk.Define Dove and Hawk.
ANTI-WAR PROTESTANTI-WAR PROTEST U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE
SERVICE SYSTEMSERVICE SYSTEM ALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTERALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTER DRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MENDRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MEN SYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATEDSYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATED LARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTEDLARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTED
HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED?HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED? MEDICAL MEDICAL “DEFERMENT” “DEFERMENT” (Define)(Define) ENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARDENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARD ““CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION”CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION” (Define) (Define) COLLEGE DEFERMENTCOLLEGE DEFERMENT LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA)LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA)
RESULT?RESULT? MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT KNEW HOW TOKNEW HOW TO MANIPULATE MANIPULATE
THE SYSTEMTHE SYSTEM MANY WHO MANY WHO COULDN’T AVOID DRAFTCOULDN’T AVOID DRAFT WERE WORKING CLASS WERE WORKING CLASS
ANTI-WAR PROTESTANTI-WAR PROTEST 80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME 80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME
FROM WORKING CLASSFROM WORKING CLASS WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF
DRAFTEES?DRAFTEES? AFRICAN-AMERICANSAFRICAN-AMERICANS WORKING CLASS WHITESWORKING CLASS WHITES LATINOSLATINOS
PROBLEMS?PROBLEMS? RESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWSRESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWS EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE
AFRICAN-AMERICANAFRICAN-AMERICAN RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S. RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S.
GROWSGROWS EX: 1969: RACE RIOT @ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.EX: 1969: RACE RIOT @ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.
ANTI-WAR PROTESTANTI-WAR PROTEST SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-
NAM:NAM: U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT
UNITSUNITS 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES, 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES,
SPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDESSPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDES WHERE?WHERE?
ARMYARMY NAVYNAVY RED CROSSRED CROSS U.S.O.U.S.O.
U.S.O.: DID / DOES WHAT? PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES, PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES,
ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)
ROOTS OF OPPOSITIONROOTS OF OPPOSITION 1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY 1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY
ACTIVEACTIVE COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL
ACTIVITYACTIVITY WHY?WHY?
JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE INVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUESINVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUES
GROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLEGROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL
COLLEGE STUDENTSCOLLEGE STUDENTS WHO? WHO? ““THE NEW LEFTTHE NEW LEFT”” DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR
CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETYCHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY EXAMPLES?EXAMPLES?
S.D.S: BEGAN @ U. OF MICHIGANS.D.S: BEGAN @ U. OF MICHIGAN F.S.M. BEGAN @ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEYF.S.M. BEGAN @ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
DID WHAT?DID WHAT? CALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMSCALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS CRITICIZED CRITICIZED ““THE MACHINETHE MACHINE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE
F.S.M. RallyF.S.M. Rally
@ UC-Berkley,@ UC-Berkley,
19641964
PROTEST MOVEMENT PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWSGROWS
1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR 1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFERMENTSDEFERMENTS HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN
GOOD ACADEMIC STANDINGGOOD ACADEMIC STANDING REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE
CAMPUSES INCREASECAMPUSES INCREASE LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON
CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S.CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S. MAJOR PROTESTS:MAJOR PROTESTS:
SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000 OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000
ENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH @ PENTAGONENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH @ PENTAGON 1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED
COME ON ALL OF YOU BIG STRONG MEN,COME ON ALL OF YOU BIG STRONG MEN,
UNCLE SAM NEEDS YOUR HELP AGAINUNCLE SAM NEEDS YOUR HELP AGAIN
HE’S GOT HIMSELF IN A TERRIBLE JAMHE’S GOT HIMSELF IN A TERRIBLE JAM
WAY DOWN YONDER IN VIETNAM,WAY DOWN YONDER IN VIETNAM,
SO PUT DOWN YOUR BOOKS AND PICK UP A GUNSO PUT DOWN YOUR BOOKS AND PICK UP A GUN
WE’RE GONNA HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF FUN!WE’RE GONNA HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF FUN!
AND IT’S ONE, TWO, THREE…WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR?AND IT’S ONE, TWO, THREE…WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR?
DON’T ASK ME, I DON’T GIVE A DAMNDON’T ASK ME, I DON’T GIVE A DAMN
NEXT STOP IS VIETNAM…NEXT STOP IS VIETNAM…
AND IT’S FIVE, SIX, SEVEN…OPEN UP THE PEARLY GATESAND IT’S FIVE, SIX, SEVEN…OPEN UP THE PEARLY GATES
THERE AIN’T NO TIME TO WONDER WHYTHERE AIN’T NO TIME TO WONDER WHY
WHOOPIE, WE’RE ALL GONNA DIE!WHOOPIE, WE’RE ALL GONNA DIE!
COME ON, YOU MOTHERS THROUGHOUT THE LANDCOME ON, YOU MOTHERS THROUGHOUT THE LAND
PACK YOUR BOYS OFF TO VIETNAMPACK YOUR BOYS OFF TO VIETNAM
COME ON FATHERS, DON’T HESITATECOME ON FATHERS, DON’T HESITATE
SEND YOUR SONS OFF BEOFRE IT’S TOO LATESEND YOUR SONS OFF BEOFRE IT’S TOO LATE
YOU CAN BE THE FIRST ONE ON YOUR BLOCKYOU CAN BE THE FIRST ONE ON YOUR BLOCK
TO HAVE YOUR BOY COME HOME IN A BOXTO HAVE YOUR BOY COME HOME IN A BOX
(Chorus)(Chorus)
““I FEEL LIKE I’M FIXIN’ TO DIE RAG”, 1965, COUNTRY JOE MacDONALDI FEEL LIKE I’M FIXIN’ TO DIE RAG”, 1965, COUNTRY JOE MacDONALD
ANTI-WAR PROTEST, THE PENTAGON, 1967ANTI-WAR PROTEST, THE PENTAGON, 1967
ANTI-WAR PROTESTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1968ANTI-WAR PROTESTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1968
DIVIDED OPINIONSDIVIDED OPINIONS
DOVES: DefineDOVES: Define HAWKS: DefineHAWKS: Define 19671967: MEDIA POLL RESULTS:: MEDIA POLL RESULTS:
2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED 50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD 50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD
HELP WIN WARHELP WIN WAR 70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE 70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE
DISLOYAL ACTSDISLOYAL ACTS
FAMOUS SLOGANSFAMOUS SLOGANS
““HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!”HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!” ““BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!”BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!” ““DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!”DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!” ““HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS
HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!”HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!” ““AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!”AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!” ““SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”