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Understanding Audio Video
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Understanding Audio VideoUnderstanding Audio Video
• Presented by:• Hubbell Premise Wiring• Glenn Kierstead• Senior Product Manager – Copper Systems• [email protected]
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ConvergenceConvergence
Convergence “The Underlying Trend”• One LAN – Voice, Data, Audio-Video, HVAC, Security, Lighting,
Asset/Device Management & PoE AppliancesExpand capabilities – Unified MessagingVideo ConferencingWeb-based conferencing with voice and presentationsLong Distance LearningHome OfficesConnection point-to-point to packet based networksWireless, VoIPCollaboration “Whiteboarding”
• DriversMajor Endorsement
° Cisco, HP, Microsoft, Apple, etc.° AVIT, Crestron, Extron, AMX, etc.
High level customer interest° Cost savings / Revenue opportunity° Enhanced productivity
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Why Convergence?Why Convergence?
• IP convergence benefits business and employees: Reducing complexity and improving
asset management Reducing the Total Cost of Ownership
(TCO) Enhancing business communications Increasing employee productivity and
mobility Improving customer satisfaction Future proof investment
Convergence
FutureProofing
Reducing TCO
Productivity& Mobility
ImprovingDevice – AssetManagement
ImprovedCustomer
Satisfaction
Enhanced Communications
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AVIT – What has ChangedAVIT – What has Changed
• Convergence The Evolution of AV Systems
• Ol’ Ma Bell (99.999) Customers’ Expectation
• IT has Set the Bar Higher Standards for AV
Integration
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Market DriversMarket Drivers
• Products driving demand Displays, Wireless, Control Systems and Projectors.
• Growth is driven by display systems Expected to grow with an average of 12% annually over the
next five years.
• Display Systems Growth – Led several IT companies to enter the market to offer competitive products.
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Who is the AV Market?Who is the AV Market?
• Vertical Market Segments Business and Corporate Government and Military Education House of Worship Broadcasting Hospitality Healthcare Museums Retail Legal and Courts Transportation Sports, Entertainment and Theme Parks
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Audio – Connections & Applications
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RCA ConnectorRCA Connector
RCA Connector• Type of standard, low-level signal interconnect termination or
connector featuring a single, cylindrical metal rod and an outer, round metal belt.
• RCA interconnects are unbalanced designs used in almost all systems and between almost any type of audio/video component.
Applications• Most Consumer electronic equipment
Home Theater (Surround Sound) DVD, CD, Receivers, Cassette, VCR, Cable Box, etc.
• Pro Audio Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units Speaker connections Broadcast studios
• Speakers• Computers • Video Cameras • Home recording equipment
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Audio
Applications
RCA Connector ApplicationsRCA Connector Applications
white RCA/TS analog audio, left channel;also mono (RCA/TS), stereo (TRS only),or undefined/otherblack RCA/TS/TRS
grey RCA/TS/TRS
red RCA/TS analog audio, right channel
orange RCA SPDIF digital audio
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Speaker/Binding/Banana JacksSpeaker/Binding/Banana Jacks
Binding Posts• A high-quality terminal connection able to accept multiple types of speaker
wire with a variety of terminations or ends. • Bindings screw down onto bare wire or utilize Banana jacks for
connecting.
Banana Jacks• A speaker wire termination consisting of a single, fat shaft which bulges
on the sides similar to a banana. • The banana termination provides the most contact area of any other
speaker wire termination.• Ensuring maximum signal and power transfer
Speaker Terminal• A quick release spring loaded pushbutton terminal allowing for easy
termination of speaker wire.
Applications• Speakers• Most Consumer electronic equipment
Home Theater (Surround Sound) DVD, CD, Receivers, Cassette, VCR, Cable Box, etc.
• Pro Audio Equipment• Test Equipment
Color-Code: Red Active or positive terminal
Black Inactive or negative terminal
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3.5mm Stereo Jacks3.5mm Stereo Jacks
• 3.5mm Stereo Jack Designed in today’s electronic equipment
that features remote speakers, headsets, and headphones.
• Applications Computers Video Cameras Personal/Portable Devices Consumer electronic equipment Test equipment Speakers Headphones
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3.5mm Stereo Jacks3.5mm Stereo Jacks
Today’s most common Audio interfaces available. Designed in portable and computer based electronic equipment, this connection
allows for Audio in and out, for headsets, headphones, Line-In , microphones, speakers & surround sound applications.
Green TRS 3.5mm stereo output, front channels
Black TRS 3.5mm stereo output, rear channels
Grey TRS 3.5mm stereo output, side channels
Gold TRS 3.5mm dual output, center and subwoofer
Blue TRS 3.5mm stereo input, line level
Pink TS 3.5mm mono microphone input
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¼” Stereo Jacks¼” Stereo Jacks
• 1/4” Stereo Jacks Designed for use in broadcasting,
intercom and PA systems, switchboards, and commercial, industrial and military communications equipment.
Commonly mounted in panels or chassis
• Applications Pro Audio
° PA Systems, Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units
° Guitars & Speaker connections ° Broadcast studios
Intercom Systems Home recording equipment Test equipment
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Stereo JacksStereo Jacks
1.Sleeve: usually ground
2.Ring: Right channel for stereo signals, negative phase for balanced mono signals
3.Tip: Left channel for stereo signals, positive phase for balanced mono signals, signal line for unbalanced mono signals
4.Insulating rings
Unbalanced Balanced Stereo
Tip Signal Positive ”Hot Left Channel
Ring Not available Negative ”Cold” Right Channel
Sleeve Ground Return Ground Ground
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3-Pin XLR3-Pin XLR
• XLR The standard connector for digital and analog
balanced line interconnect between audio equipment.
The balanced nature of XLR connections result in very low distortion due to noise.
XLR cable uses three wires, one for the positive signal, one for the negative signal and one for the ground.
• Applications Pro Audio
° PA Systems, Mixing Boards, Amplifiers & Component Units
° Microphones & Speaker connections ° Broadcast studios° Auditoriums ° Gymnasiums° Church’s
Intercom Systems
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“Balanced Audio”“Balanced Audio”
• Balanced audio is a method of interconnecting audio equipment using impedance-balanced lines. Balanced connections use three-conductor connectors, usually the XLR or TRS jack plug. XLR connectors are the preferred connector of choice, because of their durable construction.
• The balanced nature of XLR connections result in very low distortion due to noise.
Pin Function
1 Chassis ground (cable shield)
2 Normal polarity ("hot")
3 Inverted polarity ("cold")
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Speakon ConnectorSpeakon Connector
Speakon • Speakon connector is commonly used in pro audio systems,connecting loudspeakers to
amplifiers. • It features a quick-locking system with options for soldered or screw-type for easy
repair in the field. • Patch Cords “female only” mate with “male only” panel connectors • Speakon is an alternative to 1/4", two-pole twist lock, and XLR connectors for
loudspeaker Applications Superior to 1/4" jack because of its ability to lock the plug to the socket preventing the speaker
from becoming disconnected by movement or other forces. Provides a fully-insulated connection to equipment, eliminating electrical shock risks associated
with high power audio amplifiers.
Applications • Pro Audio
PA Systems, Amplifiers & Component Units Speaker connections Cable Assemblies
• Broadcast studios• Auditoriums • Entertainment Industry
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Video – Connections & Applications
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Video Connection TypesVideo Connection Types
• F-Connector CATV• RCA – Composite• S-Video • BNC – Component • 15-Pin VGA Style• DVI• HDMI
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Video ApplicationsVideo Applications
Digital• HDMI• DVI
Analog • RGB• Component• S-Video• Composite• NTSC
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F-ConnectorF-Connector
F-Connector • The F-Connector features a single thin
metal shaft in its center with a round metal band around the outside. The band is machined to screw onto an F-jack on the back of a TV or VCR.
• TV Channels• Standard Broadband• F-Connector RG6 Coax• Audio and Video on the same lineApplications• TV, CCTV, CATV & Satellite• Home Theater & Entertainment Systems• Security & Surveillance Systems• VCR• Computer Capture Cards
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Television StandardsTelevision Standards
• National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) Japan and North America (4.43 & 3.58) analog standard
• Phase Alternating Line (PAL) Asia, UK, Europe analog standard
• SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire (SECAM) France and Russia analog standard
• ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee)• New U.S. digital (DTV) standard; incl. HDTV formats
8 different image formats
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RCA ConnectorRCA Connector
RCA• Type of standard, low-level signal interconnect
termination or connector featuring a single, cylindrical metal rod and an outer, round metal belt.
• RCA interconnects are unbalanced designs used in almost all systems for video.
Composite Y/C Component
Applications• Most Consumer electronic equipment• Home Theater & Entertainment Systems
DVD, VCR, CATV, Satellite, Game Box, etc.
• Computers Video Capture Cards Video Editing
• Cameras, Camcorders & Projectors• Security & Surveillance Systems
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Video
Applications
RCA Connector ApplicationsRCA Connector Applications
yellow RCA/BNC composite video
red RCA/BNC red or Pr/Cr chrominance
green RCA/BNC green or luminance
blue RCA/BNC blue or Pb/Cb chrominance
white BNC horizontal sync
black BNC vertical sync
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Composite VideoComposite Video
• Composite video combines all the aspects of a video (RGBHV) into one single signal
• One of the most common video signals• Issues
Decoding Artifacts Dot crawl Color Errors Low Detail
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S-Video ConnectorS-Video Connector
S-Video Connectors• 4-Pin mini din connector, separating
video signals into 2 signals Y/C, chrominance (C) (color) and luminance (Y) (brightness) portions of the video signal resulting in superior picture quality versus composite video.
Applications• Video Distribution• TV, Cable, Satellite• DVD, Game Boxes• Cameras, Camcorders & Projectors• Security & Surveillance Systems• Home Theater & Entertainment
Systems
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S-Video (Y/C)S-Video (Y/C)
• S-Video or Y/C• Method of transmitting video signals
by separating out the chrominance (C) (color) and luminance (Y) (brightness) portions of the video signal resulting in superior picture quality.
• By separating the color from the brightness, the distortions encountered can be eliminated.
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S-Video SignalsS-Video Signals
Chrominance • Chrominance is abbreviated
with the letter “C” • The color portion of a video
signal carrying the saturation and tint (hue) information for any given point in the image.
• Higher chrominance levels produce more powerful or stronger colors
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S-Video SignalsS-Video Signals
Luminance • Luminance is abbreviated
with the letter “Y.” • The black and white portion
of a video signal which carries the information for brightness and darkness and contrast. Luminance ranges from pure black to pure white. When combined with the color portion (chrominance), a complete video image can be developed.
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BNC-ConnectorBNC-Connector
BNC-Connector• A professional quality cable termination which is used primarily
in labs and professional studios as an interconnect. • The BNC connector has a thin central pin and an outer rounded
metal belt. The connector pushes onto its jack and twists to the side locking in place.
Applications• TV, CCTV, CATV, Satellite & Monitors• Home Theater & Entertainment Systems • Security & Surveillance Systems• Projectors• Computers• Audio & Speaker Connections• Test Equipment• Wireless
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Component VideoComponent Video
• Use Red Blue & Green Cables• 3 Wire for Y, Pr, Pb
An alternative type of componentization
Multiple chrominance channels allow for more precision and speed in mapping the RGB color space.
This scheme is the type of signal is usually what is meant when people talk of component video.
• High Definition Format
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15-Pin High Density D-Sub15-Pin High Density D-Sub
HD 15-Pin • Is a standardized connector that is
used in connecting monitors to a PC. Transmits high quality component video signal (RGBHV)
Applications• HDTV, Computer & Viewing Monitors,
Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens
• Computers, Laptops• Security & Surveillance Systems• High End Home Theater &
Entertainment Systems
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SVGA Style VideoSVGA Style Video
High Density 15-Pin D-Sub Connector• Transferring analog video
information from one device to a monitor or viewing station using a high density 15-Pin D-Sub connection. The signal being transmitted is component video which is individual signals such as red, green and blue (RGB) resulting in the highest quality signal transfer and lowest distortion. “SVGA Style” applications also utilize pins 10, 13 & 14 to transmit Vertical and Horizontal Sync signals.
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Video Terms and ResolutionsVideo Terms and Resolutions
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RGBHVRGBHV
• 5 Separate Signals RGBHV
• No encoding or decoding• Wide Bandwidth• Standard on PC’s and
Laptops• Projectors• Connections
15-Pin HD 5 BNC’s
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DVIDVI
DVI • Digital Video Interface• Is a standardized connector that is The
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard designed to maximize the visual quality of digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer displays and digital projectors.
Applications• HDTV, Computer & Viewing Monitors,
Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens
• Computers, Laptops• Security & Surveillance Systems• High End Home Theater &
Entertainment Systems
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DVI ConnectionsDVI Connections
Digital Video Interface (DVI)• DVI or Digital Visual Interface, a digital interface
standard created by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) to convert analog signals into digital signals to accommodate both analog and digital monitors.
• Data is transmitted using the transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) protocol, providing a digital signal from the PC's graphics subsystem to the display.
• A single connection encompass both digital and/or legacy VGA interfaces
• DVI handles bandwidths supporting UXGA and HDTV.
• Component Video is being transmitted
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DVI ConnectionsDVI Connections
DVI Connectors• The DVI connector come in 3 different styles, depending on signal transmission.
DVI-D (digital only) DVI-A (analog only) DVI-I (digital & analog)
• Video signal: Digital video stream
° (Single) WUXGA 1920 × 1200 @ 60 Hz° (Dual) WQXGA (2560 × 1600) @ 60 Hz
Analog RGB video (-3 db at 400 MHz)
• Data signal: R,G,B data + clock and display data channel
• Bandwidth: (Single) 3.7 Gbit/s (Dual) 7.4 Gbit/s or more
• Pins: 29• Cable Type:
Standard DVI Cable Assemblies° Note: Can Not Be Field Terminated
Standard DVI Distance Limitation° 15 feet 1920 x 1200° 50 feet 1280 x 1024
DVI-I (Single Link)
DVI-I (Dual Link)
DVI-D (Single Link)
DVI-D (Dual Link)
DVI-A
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480p, 720i, 1080p What?480p, 720i, 1080p What?
• 1080i/p What does this mean? The number 1080 stands for the number of lines of vertical resolution (1080) The Letter (i/p) represents the type of video – Interlaced or Progressive Scan Ultra High Definition 1440 & 2160
1080 i/p
720p
480 i/p, DV NTSC
576 i/p, PAL
1920 1280 720
480
576
720
10801080 i/p
720p
480 i/p, DV NTSC
576 i/p, PAL
1920 1280 720
480
576
720
1080
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What is Interlaced?What is Interlaced?
• Interlace is a technique of improving the picture quality of a video signal by removing flicker without consuming any extra bandwidth giving the perception of more detail. – (half of the bandwidth) Interlaced Scanning is the
separating the frame into two fields
° Odd and Even
Odd Field
Even Field
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What is Progressive Scan?What is Progressive Scan?
• Progressive what? Progressive or noninterlaced scanning is any method for
displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence.
Full image Line scanned in top to bottom sequence Twice the amount of Bandwidth Advantages
°Easier video authoring °Subjectively higher vertical resolution °Eliminates visual artifacts° Intentional blurring °Faster video processing from source to display
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HDMIHDMI
HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface • HDMI is an all-digital audio/video interface
capable of transmitting uncompressed streams. HDMI provides an interface between any compatible digital audio/video source, such as a set-top box, a DVD player, or an AV receiver and a compatible digital audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV).
Applications• HDTV, Computer & Viewing Monitors,
Projectors, Flat screens, Plasma Screens• Digital Signage• Computers• High End Home Theater & Entertainment
Systems
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HDMIHDMI
• Standard HDMI Distance Limitation 28 AWG Cable Assemblies 5-Meters 24 AWG Cable Assemblies 12-Meters Always Check Cable/Device Manufacturer’s
Specifications
• Audio signal: PCM, DVD-Audio, Super Audio CD, Dolby
True HD, DTS-HD Master Audio
• Video signal: 480i, 480p, 576i, 576p, 720p,1080i, 1080p
HDMI Connectors
1. Type A connector has 19 pins, bandwidth supporting SDTV, EDTV, HDTV. The outside dimensions of the plug is 13.9 mm wide by 4.45 mm high. Type A is electrically compatible with single-link DVI-D.
2. Type B connector is a higher resolution version defined in HDMI 1.0. 29 pins (21.2 mm wide by 4.45 mm high), allowing it to carry an expanded video channel for use with very high-resolution future displays – (WQSXGA (3200x2048). Type B is electrically compatible with dual-link DVI-D, but is not in general use.
3. The Type C mini-connector is designed for portable multimedia devices (camcorders, cameras, etc). Outside dimensions (10.42 mm by 2.42 mm). Type C has the same 19-pin configuration as Type A.
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HDMI StandardsHDMI Standards
HDMI Version & Capabilities 1 1.1 1.2/1.2a 1.3/1.3a/1.3bMaximum signal bandwidth (MHz) 165 165 165 340Maximum TMDS bandwidth (Gbit/s) 4.95 4.95 4.95 10.2Maximum video bandwidth (Gbit/s) 3.96 3.96 3.96 8.16Maximum audio bandwidth (Mbit/s) 36.86 36.86 36.86 36.86Resolutions @ 24bits per pixel 1920x1080p 60Hz 1920x1080p 60Hz 1920x1080p 60Hz 2560x1600p 60HzRGB Yes Yes Yes YesYCbCr Yes Yes Yes YesxvYCC No No No YesDeep Color No No No YesMaximum Color Depth (bits per pixel) 24 24 24 48*Auto lip-sync No No No Yes8channel/192 kHz/24-bit audio Yes Yes Yes YesDolby TrueHD bit stream No No No YesDTS-HD Master Audio bit stream No No No YesBlu-Ray/HD DVD @ full resolution Yes Yes Yes Yes
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HDMI 1.3HDMI 1.3
What is HDMI 1.3• Higher speed - 10.2 Gbps
Bandwidth more than doubled from 165 MHz (4.95 Gbps) to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support Higher Resolution, Faster Refresh, and Deep Color
• Lip sync correction Audio Sync timing Compensation
• New mini connector Cameras and Camcorders
• Deep Color support Extended color gamut for more natural and realistic color
• Broader color space xvYCC Meets the next generation High Definition Color space
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USB ConnectorsUSB Connectors
USB • Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial
bus standard to interface devices. It was originally designed for personal computers, but it has become commonplace on scanners, printers, handheld devices such as portable memory devices, video game consoles, PDAs and portable media players
Applications• Connecting Peripherals to a
Computer(s) KVM – Keyboards & Mouse devices,
Printers, Scanners, External Storage, Networking components
PDAs, Phones, MP3 Players, Gamepads and Joysticks, Digital Voice Recorders, Digital Cameras and Video Recorders
Pin Function1 V(USB (4.75-5.25 volts) 2 D-3 D+4 GNDShell Shield
Type B
Type A
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