Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
A Vision for Clean Fossil FuelsJ P Martin Trusler
Professor of Thermophysics, Department of Chemical EngineeringDirector, Imperial College Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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The Long-Term Vision…
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
The Future of Fossil Fuels: Decarbonisation• Continued use of Fossil Fuels for most of this
century is essential/inevitable– To meet global energy demands– To address security of supply issues
• So we need options that permit continued use of fossil fuels for as long as we need
• This will require, inter alia– A wide range of CO2 capture and storage options– A paradigm shift in the way that we produce and use
fossil fuels
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
The Clean Fossil Fuels Vision… a paradigm shift• How would we produce fossil fuels – gas, oil, coal – if we
discovered them today?– Combine upstream recovery and downstream processing
• Long-term continued use of fossil fuels requires the development of radical new recovery/production processes which have the following key elements:– Extract carbon as far upstream as possible, with minimal release
of GHGs (CO2,CH4…)– Integrate capture and storage with production – Lead to step increases in recovery factors– Release to the surface only what we want…clean fuel, power,
heat, chemical building blocks
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Sub-surface Separation and Refining
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Oil/water/gas/solids separation
Refining to methanol, other feedstocks
Synthesis Gas production
Gas-to-Liquids (GTL)
Hydrocarbon fractionation
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Integrated Production of Clean Energy, Fuels and Feedstocks
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Fuels: H2, Methanol … Chemicals,
Feedstocks… CO/H2 Syngas
ElectricityHeat
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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CO2-EOR with Long-Term Storage
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Radical Process Opportunities• Mobilisation or treatment of (heavy) hydrocarbons in the reservoir
• Rigsite or sub-surface separation processes
• Downhole gas conversion: gas-to-liquids or hydrogen production
• Rigsite or sub-surface hydrogen production from liquid hydrocarbons
• In situ liquids refining: downhole hydrocracking
• Wellhead, subsea or downhole gas turbines forpower
• CO2 reinjection for EOR, recycle or sequestration
• In situ coal processing
• Process integration and environmental impact
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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The Reality –Where have we got to…?
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Carbon Capture and Storage
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
CO2-EOR
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Research Needs and Goals: Underground CO2• Focus of this presentation on use of CO2 underground for:
– Stimulation of fossil fuel recovery (EOR, ECBM)– Long-term storage
• Need to enhance our scientific understanding and engineering know-how to:– Design effective and efficient EOR/ECBM/storage projects– Increase confidence in long-term injection & storage projects– Extend the usage of fossil fuels while limiting GHG emissions
• Major research projects at Imperial:– Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels– Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Shell Grand Challange Programme 2007-2011
• Theme A: Underground CO2 Management– Understanding and Optimising CO2 processes within
underground reservoirs: EOR, ECBM, Sequestration– 9 academic staff, 3 Postdocs and 6 PhD students– Started 2007
• Theme B: Improved recovery of non-conventional hydrocarbons– Novel methods, underpinning science and engineering– Started 2009
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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Project 1:Thermophysical Properties
• PI: Professor Martin Trusler
Project 2: Reservoir Multiphase Flow
• PI: Professor Martin Blunt
Well
Regions of trapped CO2
CO2 migration
Water movement
Project 3: Enhanced Coal-Bed Methane
• PI: Professor Sevket Durucan
Project 4: CO2-Caprock Interactions
• PI: Professor Sergei Kazarian
Project 5: H2-CO2 Infrastructure. PIs: Professor Nilay Shah, Professor Nigel Brandon
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Carbon Dioxide
DecaneWater0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Project 1: Thermophysical Properties
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High-pressure high-temperature phase behaviour: CO2 + hydrocarbon + water
High-pressure high-temperature interfacial tension: CO2 + hydrocarbon + water
T = 373 K
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Project 1: Thermophysical Properties
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High-pressure high-temperature pH and solubility
of CO2 in concentrated
brines0
5
10
15
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020xCO2
pB
P /
MP
a
Solubility of CO2 in (5wt% NaCl + 1wt% KCl)aq: T/K = 298.15 (■); 323.15 (■); 343.15 K (■); 373.15 (■); 423.15 K (■)
ZrO2 tubeReference material
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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Project 2: Reservoir Multiphase Flow• PI: Professor Martin Blunt (Earth
Science & Engineering)
Well
Regions of trapped CO2
CO2 migration
Water movement
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Water SaturationR
elat
ive
Per
mea
bilit
y
ExperimentalPredicted
4,800 m
4 mm
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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Project 3: Enhanced Coal-Bed Methane
• PI: Professor Sevket Durucan(Earth Science & Engineering)
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Reservoir pressure (MPa)
k/k0
100% CO2 (20 oC)
100% CO2 (0 oC,
+25% VL, -25%E)
10% reduction in overall swelling
20% reduction in overall swelling
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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Project 4: CO2-Caprock Interactions• PI: Professor Sergei Kazarian
(Chemical Engineering)
FTIR Spectroscopy
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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Project 5: H2-CO2 Infrastructure
PIs: Professor Nilay Shah (CE), Professor Nigel Brandon (ESE)
CarbonCapture
Transportation
Storage‘Demand’CO2
Production
‘Supply’CO2
Sequestration
PSA/TSAAmine ScrubbingPhysical SorbentCryogenicsMembranes
Onshore PipelinesOffshore PipelinesWater Carriers
Aquifer‘Depleted’ GeologicalEnhanced Recovery GeologicalMineralisationOcean SequestrationBiosequestration
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research
Centre2008-2017
Programme Director: Geoffrey Maitland
– improving reservoir recovery and carbon storage potential
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre• A 10 Year, $70M Collaborative Research Partnership
between Qatar Petroleum, Shell and Imperial College London– Understanding carbonate reservoirs– CO2/Reservoir fluids and their interaction with carbonate rocks– State-of-the-art reservoir simulator for carbonates– Pilot-scale validation– Field-scale demonstration project– Growing Qatar’s future engineering talent and expertise– Growing Imperial capacity in CCS/Advanced Fossil Fuels
(4 Lectureships)
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
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Combining Forces to address Key Challenges:
Sustainable Optimization of Production and Recovery from Qatar Reservoirs
Providing the future Technical Expertise and People needs of Qatar and Qatar Petroleum
Advanced Characterisation of Rocks & Fluids
Pore/Fracture-scale Physics & Chemistry
Field Demonstration Project(s)
Carbonate Reservoirs
World-leading Research
Carbon Capture and Storage
Improved Oil/Gas Recovery
Shell
QP
Imperial
Qatar Reservoir Expertise The Strategy:
Characterise & understand the Qatar reservoirs in depth
Develop state-of-the art reservoir multiphase flow simulators
Use to design optimum CO2 storageand oil & gas recovery processes
Validate with ‘Field-scale Laboratory’
International Oil & Gas Expertise
Integrated Methodology andSimulator
Validation at Laboratory and Field Scale
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Project 1: Carbonate Reservoir Characterization
AIMS:• To reconstruct the sequence stratigraphic framework of Qatari reservoirs.• To identify the appropriate physical, chemical and mechanical properties
of fractured carbonate reservoirs and the in situ fluids. • To apply this understanding to selected Qatar reservoir(s) through
analysis of existing log data and core materials, and new measurements where necessary.
• Strong links with Shell Grand Challenge on Clean Fossil Fuels• Emphasis on state-of-the-art experimental measurement
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Project 2: Carbonate Reservoir Pore/Fracture-Scale Physics and Chemistry AIMS:
• To investigate the physics of multiphase fluid displacement mechanisms applied to carbonates.
• To study and understand the relationship between mineral surface chemistry and wettability/relative permeability relationships.
• To study experimentally, understand and develop predictive models for the phase behaviour and transport properties of CO2-mediated reservoir fluids.
• Combine experiment – including pore-scale imaging – and modelling.
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Project 3. Integrated Simulator for Carbonate Reservoirs AIMS:• To apply new tools for modelling fractured reservoirs developed at Imperial.• To incorporate the detailed reservoir and fluid characterizations and
underpinning physics and chemistry developed in Projects 1 and 2 into an integrated reservoir simulator customised to Qatari reservoirs.
• To use the simulator to design and optimize new improved recovery strategies and CO2 sequestration operations.
• To integrate the formulation developed into reservoir simulation software used by Qatar Petroleum and Shell.
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Fractures Matrix
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Project 4. Validation of New Physics, Models & SimulatorAIMS:• To validate this integrated simulator by comparison with existing
production/recovery data from Qatar carbonate reservoirs. • To perform studies at the laboratory, pilot-plant and field scale
designed to collect sufficient data to validate (and refine) the carbonate reservoir simulator and its incorporated new physics.
Validation and application of new simulation tools.
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
Project 5. Field Demonstration Projects(s)AIMS:• To apply the methodologies and models/simulator developed in
Projects 1-4 to the design, optimization and real-time management of one or more field demonstration projects for CO2 sequestration in a depleted carbonate reservoir or implementation of enhanced recovery injection processes
• To use this project(s) to validate and refine the simulator and its associated reservoir rock-fluid characterization methodology
Core application underpinning the whole project.
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Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre
Shell-Imperial Grand Challenge Programme in Clean Fossil Fuels
2.2: Physics and Chemistry of Fluids & MineralsA major element of project 2 focusing on:
– Reaction rates for mineral dissolution in CO2 + brine– Phase equilibria of CO2 in brines, hydrocarbon mixtures and Qatar-
sourced crude oils– Interfacial tension of CO2 with brines and oils– CO2, brine, oil contact angle on mineral substrates– Viscosity, density and diffusion coefficients– Capillary flow in model porous media
• Connects with:– 2.1 Reactive transport in porous media– 2.3 Thermodynamic and transport-property modelling– Project 3 New reservoir simulator
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3 Academic staff3 Postdocs4/5 PhD studentsMSc projects