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SYSTEMATICS OF
FIRE FLY
LIGHT AND
CHEMICALPRODUCTION
BIOLOGY OFFIREFLY
ABOUT FIREFLY
SCIENTIFICCLASSIFICATION
FIREFLY
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SCIENTIFIC
CLASSIFICATIONKingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Insecta
Order : Coleoptera
Suborder : Polyphaga
Superfamily : Elateroidea
Family : Lampyridae
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Lampyridae is a family of insects
in the beetle order Coleoptera.
They are winged beetles, and
commonly called fireflies or
lightning bugs for their
conspicuous crepuscular use of
bioluminescence to attract mates
or prey. Fireflies produce a "cold
light", with no infrared or ultraviolet
frequencies.
ABOUT FIREFLY
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This chemically-produced light from the lower
abdomen may be yellow, green, or pale red, withwavelengths from 510 to 670 nanometers. There
are 2,000 species of firefly found in temperate and
tropical environments. Many are in marshes or in
wet, wooded areas where their larvae have
abundant sources of food. These larvae emit light
and are often called "glowworms", particularly in
Eurasia. In the Americas, "glow worm" also refers to
the related Phengodidae.
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A larviform female showing light-
emitting organs on abdomen.
Fireflies also known as glow
worms, tend to be brown and
softbodied, often with the elytra
more leathery than in other
beetles. Though the females of
some species are similar in
appearance to males,
BIOLOGY OF FIREFLY
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larviform females are found in many
other firefly species. Superficially,
these females can often be
distinguished from the larvae only
because they have compound eyes.
The most commonly known fireflies
are nocturnal, though there arenumerous species that are diurnal.
Most diurnal species are non-
luminescent, though some species
that remain in shadowy areas can
produce light.
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Female Photuris fireflies are known
for mimicking the mating flashes of
other "lightning bugs" for the sole
purpose of predation. Target males
are attracted to what appears to be
a suitable mate, and are then
eaten. For this reason the Photurisspecies are sometimes referred to
as "femme fatale fireflies."
Light and chemicalproduction
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Many fireflies do not produce light. Usually these
species are diurnal, or day-flying, such as those in
the genus Ellychnia. A few diurnal fireflies thatprimarily inhabit shadowy places, such as beneath
tall plants or trees, are luminescent. One such
genus is Lucidota. These fireflies use pheromones
to signal mates. This is supported by the fact that
some basal groups do not show bioluminescence,
and rather use chemical signaling. Phosphaenus
Hemipterus has photic organs, yet is a diurnal firefly
and displays large antennae and small eyes.
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Firefly systematics, as
with many insects, are in
a constant state of flux,
as new species continue
to be discovered. Thefive subfamilies listed
above are the most
commonly accepted
ones, though others suchas the Amydetinae and
Psilocladinae have been
proposed.
SYSTEMATICS OF FIREFLY
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This was mainly done in an attempt to
revise the Lampyrinae, which bit by bit
had become something of a "wastebintaxon" to hold incertae sedis species and
genera of fireflies. Other changes have
been proposed, such as merging the
Ototetrinae into the Luciolinae, but the
arrangement used here appears to be
the most frequently-seen and stable
layout for the time being. Though mostgroups appear to be monophyletic, some
(e.g. the tribe Photinini) are perhaps
better split up.
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